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Key J, Gispert S, Auburger G. Knockout Mouse Studies Show That Mitochondrial CLPP Peptidase and CLPX Unfoldase Act in Matrix Condensates near IMM, as Fast Stress Response in Protein Assemblies for Transcript Processing, Translation, and Heme Production. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:694. [PMID: 38927630 PMCID: PMC11202940 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
LONP1 is the principal AAA+ unfoldase and bulk protease in the mitochondrial matrix, so its deletion causes embryonic lethality. The AAA+ unfoldase CLPX and the peptidase CLPP also act in the matrix, especially during stress periods, but their substrates are poorly defined. Mammalian CLPP deletion triggers infertility, deafness, growth retardation, and cGAS-STING-activated cytosolic innate immunity. CLPX mutations impair heme biosynthesis and heavy metal homeostasis. CLPP and CLPX are conserved from bacteria to humans, despite their secondary role in proteolysis. Based on recent proteomic-metabolomic evidence from knockout mice and patient cells, we propose that CLPP acts on phase-separated ribonucleoprotein granules and CLPX on multi-enzyme condensates as first-aid systems near the inner mitochondrial membrane. Trimming within assemblies, CLPP rescues stalled processes in mitoribosomes, mitochondrial RNA granules and nucleoids, and the D-foci-mediated degradation of toxic double-stranded mtRNA/mtDNA. Unfolding multi-enzyme condensates, CLPX maximizes PLP-dependent delta-transamination and rescues malformed nascent peptides. Overall, their actions occur in granules with multivalent or hydrophobic interactions, separated from the aqueous phase. Thus, the role of CLPXP in the matrix is compartment-selective, as other mitochondrial peptidases: MPPs at precursor import pores, m-AAA and i-AAA at either IMM face, PARL within the IMM, and OMA1/HTRA2 in the intermembrane space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Clinic of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Heinrich Hoffmann Str. 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (S.G.)
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Yuan X, Ma W, Chen S, Wang H, Zhong C, Gao L, Cui Y, Pu D, Tan R, Wu J. CLPP inhibition triggers apoptosis in human ovarian granulosa cells via COX5A abnormality-Mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Genet 2023; 14:1141167. [PMID: 37007963 PMCID: PMC10065195 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1141167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by early loss of ovarian function before the age of 40 years. It is confirmed to have a strong and indispensable genetic component. Caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase proteolytic subunit (CLPP) is a key inducer of mitochondrial protein quality control for the clearance of misfolded or damaged proteins, which is necessary to maintain mitochondrial function. Previous findings have shown that the variation in CLPP is closely related to the occurrence of POI, which is consistent with our findings. This study identified a novel CLPP missense variant (c.628G > A) in a woman with POI who presented with secondary amenorrhea, ovarian dysfunction, and primary infertility. The variant was located in exon 5 and resulted in a change from alanine to threonine (p.Ala210Thr). Importantly, Clpp was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of mouse ovarian granulosa cells and oocytes, and was relatively highly expressed in granulosa cells. Moreover, the overexpression of c.628G > A variant in human ovarian granulosa cells decreased the proliferative capacity. Functional experiments revealed that the inhibition of CLPP decreased the content and activity of oxidative respiratory chain complex IV by affecting the degradation of aggregated or misfolded COX5A, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, ultimately activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The present study demonstrated that CLPP affected the apoptosis of granulosa cells, which might be one of the mechanisms by which CLPP aberrations led to the development of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyi Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yugui Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danhua Pu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongrong Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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The Bacterial ClpXP-ClpB Family Is Enriched with RNA-Binding Protein Complexes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152370. [PMID: 35954215 PMCID: PMC9368063 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the matrix of bacteria/mitochondria/chloroplasts, Lon acts as the degradation machine for soluble proteins. In stress periods, however, proteostasis and survival depend on the strongly conserved Clp/Hsp100 family. Currently, the targets of ATP-powered unfoldases/disaggregases ClpB and ClpX and of peptidase ClpP heptameric rings are still unclear. Trapping experiments and proteome profiling in multiple organisms triggered confusion, so we analyzed the consistency of ClpP-trap targets in bacteria. We also provide meta-analyses of protein interactions in humans, to elucidate where Clp family members are enriched. Furthermore, meta-analyses of mouse complexomics are provided. Genotype–phenotype correlations confirmed our concept. Trapping, proteome, and complexome data retrieved consistent coaccumulation of CLPXP with GFM1 and TUFM orthologs. CLPX shows broad interaction selectivity encompassing mitochondrial translation elongation, RNA granules, and nucleoids. CLPB preferentially attaches to mitochondrial RNA granules and translation initiation components; CLPP is enriched with them all and associates with release/recycling factors. Mutations in CLPP cause Perrault syndrome, with phenotypes similar to defects in mtDNA/mtRNA. Thus, we propose that CLPB and CLPXP are crucial to counteract misfolded insoluble protein assemblies that contain nucleotides. This insight is relevant to improve ClpP-modulating drugs that block bacterial growth and for the treatment of human infertility, deafness, and neurodegeneration.
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A Rare Case of Perrault Syndrome with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder: Cochlear Implantation Treatment and Literature Review. Audiol Res 2021; 11:609-617. [PMID: 34842607 PMCID: PMC8628573 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres11040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Perrault syndrome (PRLTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by ovarian failure in females and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in both genders. In the present paper we describe a child affected by PRLTS3, due to CLPP homozygous mutations, presenting auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) with bilateral progressive SNHL. This is the first case reported in the literature of an ANSD in PRLTS3. CLPP is a nuclear encoded mitochondrial protease directed at the mitochondrial matrix. It is encoded on chromosome 19. This protease participates in mitochondrial protein quality control by degrading misfolded or damaged proteins, thus maintaining the normal metabolic function of the cell. In PRLTS3, the peptidase activity of CLPP is suppressed. Neurological impairments involved in PRLTS3 suggest that the pathogenic mutations in CLPP might trigger a mitochondrial dysfunction. A comprehensive description of the clinical and audiological presentation, as well as the issues related to cochlear implant (CI) procedure and the results, are addressed and discussed. A brief review of the literature on this topic is also provided.
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Illigmann A, Thoma Y, Pan S, Reinhardt L, Brötz-Oesterhelt H. Contribution of the Clp Protease to Bacterial Survival and Mitochondrial Homoeostasis. Microb Physiol 2021; 31:260-279. [PMID: 34438398 DOI: 10.1159/000517718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fast adaptation to environmental changes ensures bacterial survival, and proteolysis represents a key cellular process in adaptation. The Clp protease system is a multi-component machinery responsible for protein homoeostasis, protein quality control, and targeted proteolysis of transcriptional regulators in prokaryotic cells and prokaryote-derived organelles of eukaryotic cells. A functional Clp protease complex consists of the tetradecameric proteolytic core ClpP and a hexameric ATP-consuming Clp-ATPase, several of which can associate with the same proteolytic core. Clp-ATPases confer substrate specificity by recognising specific degradation tags, and further selectivity is conferred by adaptor proteins, together allowing for a fine-tuned degradation process embedded in elaborate regulatory networks. This review focuses on the contribution of the Clp protease system to prokaryotic survival and summarises the current state of knowledge for exemplary bacteria in an increasing degree of interaction with eukaryotic cells. Starting from free-living bacteria as exemplified by a non-pathogenic and a pathogenic member of the Firmicutes, i.e., Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, we turn our attention to facultative and obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens, i.e., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Chlamydia trachomatis, and conclude with mitochondria. Under stress conditions, the Clp protease system exerts its pivotal role in the degradation of damaged proteins and controls the timing and extent of the heat-shock response by regulatory proteolysis. Key regulators of developmental programmes like natural competence, motility, and sporulation are also under Clp proteolytic control. In many pathogenic species, the Clp system is required for the expression of virulence factors and essential for colonising the host. In accordance with its evolutionary origin, the human mitochondrial Clp protease strongly resembles its bacterial counterparts, taking a central role in protein quality control and homoeostasis, energy metabolism, and apoptosis in eukaryotic cells, and several cancer cell types depend on it for proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Illigmann
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Thoma
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pan
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Reinhardt
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Linn E, Ghanem L, Bhakta H, Greer C, Avella M. Genes Regulating Spermatogenesis and Sperm Function Associated With Rare Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634536. [PMID: 33665191 PMCID: PMC7921155 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a cell differentiation process that ensures the production of fertilizing sperm, which ultimately fuse with an egg to form a zygote. Normal spermatogenesis relies on Sertoli cells, which preserve cell junctions while providing nutrients for mitosis and meiosis of male germ cells. Several genes regulate normal spermatogenesis, some of which are not exclusively expressed in the testis and control multiple physiological processes in an organism. Loss-of-function mutations in some of these genes result in spermatogenesis and sperm functionality defects, potentially leading to the insurgence of rare genetic disorders. To identify genetic intersections between spermatogenesis and rare diseases, we screened public archives of human genetic conditions available on the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD), the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and the Clinical Variant (ClinVar), and after an extensive literature search, we identified 22 distinct genes associated with 21 rare genetic conditions and defective spermatogenesis or sperm function. These protein-coding genes regulate Sertoli cell development and function during spermatogenesis, checkpoint signaling pathways at meiosis, cellular organization and shape definition during spermiogenesis, sperm motility, and capacitation at fertilization. A number of these genes regulate folliculogenesis and oogenesis as well. For each gene, we review the genotype–phenotype association together with associative or causative polymorphisms in humans, and provide a description of the shared molecular mechanisms that regulate gametogenesis and fertilization obtained in transgenic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Linn
- Department of Biological Science, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Lillian Ghanem
- Department of Biological Science, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Hanisha Bhakta
- Department of Biological Science, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Cory Greer
- Department of Biological Science, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Matteo Avella
- Department of Biological Science, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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Luo B, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Zhang N, Luo Y. Human ClpP protease, a promising therapy target for diseases of mitochondrial dysfunction. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:968-981. [PMID: 33460621 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human caseinolytic protease P (HsClpP), an ATP-dependent unfolding peptidase protein in the mitochondrial matrix, controls protein quality, regulates mitochondrial metabolism, and maintains the integrity and enzyme activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC). Studies show that abnormalities in HsClpP lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and various human diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure and biological function of HsClpP, and the involvement of its dysexpression or mutation in mitochondria for a panel of important human diseases. We also summarize the structural types and binding modes of known HsClpP modulators. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions of HsClpP targeting as promising approach for the treatment of human diseases of mitochondrial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhu Luo
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Radiation therapy and chemotherapy for gynecological cancer, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - YuanZheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Oziębło D, Pazik J, Stępniak I, Skarżyński H, Ołdak M. Two Novel Pathogenic Variants Confirm RMND1 Causative Role in Perrault Syndrome with Renal Involvement. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1060. [PMID: 32911714 PMCID: PMC7564844 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RMND1 (required for meiotic nuclear division 1 homolog) pathogenic variants are known to cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency (COXPD11), a severe multisystem disorder. In one patient, a homozygous RMND1 pathogenic variant, with an established role in COXPD11, was associated with a Perrault-like syndrome. We performed a thorough clinical investigation and applied a targeted multigene hearing loss panel to reveal the cause of hearing loss, ovarian dysfunction (two cardinal features of Perrault syndrome) and chronic kidney disease in two adult female siblings. Two compound heterozygous missense variants, c.583G>A (p.Gly195Arg) and c.818A>C (p.Tyr273Ser), not previously associated with disease, were identified in RMND1 in both patients, and their segregation with disease was confirmed in family members. The patients have no neurological or intellectual impairment, and nephrological evaluation predicts a benign course of kidney disease. Our study presents the mildest, so far reported, RMND1-related phenotype and delivers the first independent confirmation that RMND1 is causally involved in the development of Perrault syndrome with renal involvement. This highlights the importance of including RMND1 to the list of Perrault syndrome causative factors and provides new insight into the clinical manifestation of RMND1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Oziębło
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; (D.O.); (I.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Pazik
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Iwona Stępniak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; (D.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Henryk Skarżyński
- Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Surgery Clinic, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Ołdak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; (D.O.); (I.S.)
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Al-Jaroudi D, Enabi S, AlThagafi MS. Perrault syndrome with amenorrhea, infertility, Tarlov cyst, and degenerative disc. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:1037-1039. [PMID: 31274036 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1637407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Perrault syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that affects both males and females. The syndrome causes deafness in males, however females display gonadal dysgenesis along with sensorineural hearing loss. Herein, we present a 27-year-old female patient who is deaf and mute along with primary amenorrhea. Hormonal assays revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and the karyotype was 46 XX. Pelvic ultrasound described a hypoplastic uterus and streak ovaries. MRI of the spine showed degenerative discs and Tarlov cysts. Whole exome sequencing identified a LARS2 mutation and the patient was diagnosed with Perrault syndrome type four (PRLTS4).
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amenorrhea/genetics
- Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases/genetics
- Deafness/genetics
- Female
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XX/diagnosis
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XX/genetics
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XX/physiopathology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/physiopathology
- Humans
- Hypogonadism/genetics
- Infertility, Female/genetics
- Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/diagnostic imaging
- Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/genetics
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Tarlov Cysts/diagnostic imaging
- Tarlov Cysts/genetics
- Ultrasonography
- Uterus/diagnostic imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Al-Jaroudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Reproductive Endocrine and Infertility Medicine Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saed Enabi
- Suliaman Al-Rajhi College, Al-Qasseem, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Sameer AlThagafi
- Saudi Diagnostic Lab Molecular Diagnostic, King Faisal Specialist Hospital International, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Human Genome Lab at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), National Genomics Center, Life Science and Environmental Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pathology Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Tiosano D, Mears JA, Buchner DA. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2353-2366. [PMID: 31393557 PMCID: PMC6760336 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is defined by the loss or dysfunction of ovarian follicles associated with amenorrhea before the age of 40. Symptoms include hot flashes, sleep disturbances, and depression, as well as reduced fertility and increased long-term risk of cardiovascular disease. POI occurs in ∼1% to 2% of women, although the etiology of most cases remains unexplained. Approximately 10% to 20% of POI cases are due to mutations in a single gene or a chromosomal abnormality, which has provided considerable molecular insight into the biological underpinnings of POI. Many of the genes for which mutations have been associated with POI, either isolated or syndromic cases, function within mitochondria, including MRPS22, POLG, TWNK, LARS2, HARS2, AARS2, CLPP, and LRPPRC. Collectively, these genes play roles in mitochondrial DNA replication, gene expression, and protein synthesis and degradation. Although mutations in these genes clearly implicate mitochondrial dysfunction in rare cases of POI, data are scant as to whether these genes in particular, and mitochondrial dysfunction in general, contribute to most POI cases that lack a known etiology. Further studies are needed to better elucidate the contribution of mitochondria to POI and determine whether there is a common molecular defect in mitochondrial function that distinguishes mitochondria-related genes that when mutated cause POI vs those that do not. Nonetheless, the clear implication of mitochondrial dysfunction in POI suggests that manipulation of mitochondrial function represents an important therapeutic target for the treatment or prevention of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov Tiosano
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ruth Rappaport Children’s Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jason A Mears
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David A Buchner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Research Institute for Children’s Health, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Domínguez-Ruiz M, García-Martínez A, Corral-Juan M, Pérez-Álvarez ÁI, Plasencia AM, Villamar M, Moreno-Pelayo MA, Matilla-Dueñas A, Menéndez-González M, Del Castillo I. Perrault syndrome with neurological features in a compound heterozygote for two TWNK mutations: overlap of TWNK-related recessive disorders. J Transl Med 2019; 17:290. [PMID: 31455392 PMCID: PMC6712801 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Perrault syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by the association of sensorineural hearing impairment and ovarian dysgenesis in females, whereas males have only hearing impairment. In some cases, patients present with a diversity of neurological signs. To date, mutations in six genes are known to cause Perrault syndrome, but they do not explain all clinically-diagnosed cases. In addition, the number of reported cases and the spectra of mutations are still small to establish conclusive genotype–phenotype correlations. Methods Affected siblings from family SH19, who presented with features that were suggestive of Perrault syndrome, were subjected to audiological, neurological and gynecological examination. The genetic study included genotyping and haplotype analysis for microsatellite markers close to the genes involved in Perrault syndrome, whole-exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing of the coding region of the TWNK gene. Results Three siblings from family SH19 shared similar clinical features: childhood-onset bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment, which progressed to profound deafness in the second decade of life; neurological signs (spinocerebellar ataxia, polyneuropathy), with onset in the fourth decade of life in the two females and at age 20 years in the male; gonadal dysfunction with early cessation of menses in the two females. The genetic study revealed two compound heterozygous pathogenic mutations in the TWNK gene in the three affected subjects: c.85C>T (p.Arg29*), previously reported in a case of hepatocerebral syndrome; and a novel missense mutation, c.1886C>T (p.Ser629Phe). Mutations segregated in the family according to an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Conclusions Our results further illustrate the utility of genetic testing as a tool to confirm a tentative clinical diagnosis of Perrault syndrome. Studies on genotype–phenotype correlation from the hitherto reported cases indicate that patients with Perrault syndrome caused by TWNK mutations will manifest neurological signs in adulthood. Molecular and clinical characterization of novel cases of recessive disorders caused by TWNK mutations is strongly needed to get further insight into the genotype–phenotype correlations of a phenotypic continuum encompassing Perrault syndrome, infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia, and hepatocerebral syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Domínguez-Ruiz
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Martínez
- Department of Neurology, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida Roma sn, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marc Corral-Juan
- Functional and Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel I Pérez-Álvarez
- Department of Neurology, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida Roma sn, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana M Plasencia
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuela Villamar
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Moreno-Pelayo
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Matilla-Dueñas
- Functional and Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Menéndez-González
- Department of Neurology, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida Roma sn, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Del Castillo
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Hu D, Sun X, Liao X, Zhang X, Zarabi S, Schimmer A, Hong Y, Ford C, Luo Y, Qi X. Alpha-synuclein suppresses mitochondrial protease ClpP to trigger mitochondrial oxidative damage and neurotoxicity. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:939-960. [PMID: 30877431 PMCID: PMC6531426 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Both α-Synuclein (αSyn) accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although studies suggest that αSyn and its missense mutant, A53T, preferentially accumulate in the mitochondria, the mechanisms by which αSyn and mitochondrial proteins regulate each other to trigger mitochondrial and neuronal toxicity are poorly understood. ATP-dependent Clp protease (ClpP), a mitochondrial matrix protease, plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial protein turnover and bioenergetics activity. Here, we show that the protein level of ClpP is selectively decreased in αSyn-expressing cell culture and neurons derived from iPS cells of PD patient carrying αSyn A53T mutant, and in dopaminergic (DA) neurons of αSyn A53T mice and PD patient postmortem brains. Deficiency in ClpP induces an overload of mitochondrial misfolded/unfolded proteins, suppresses mitochondrial respiratory activity, increases mitochondrial oxidative damage and causes cell death. Overexpression of ClpP reduces αSyn-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress through enhancing the level of Superoxide Dismutase-2 (SOD2), and suppresses the accumulation of αSyn S129 phosphorylation and promotes neuronal morphology in neurons derived from PD patient iPS cells carrying αSyn A53T mutant. Moreover, we find that αSyn WT and A53T mutant interact with ClpP and suppress its peptidase activity. The binding of αSyn to ClpP further promotes a distribution of ClpP from soluble to insoluble cellular fraction in vitro and in vivo, leading to reduced solubility of ClpP. Compensating for the loss of ClpP in the substantia nigra of αSyn A53T mice by viral expression of ClpP suppresses mitochondrial oxidative damage, and reduces αSyn pathology and behavioral deficits of mice. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism underlying αSyn-induced neuronal pathology, and they suggest that ClpP might be a useful therapeutic target for PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, E516, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4970, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, E516, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4970, USA
| | - Xudong Liao
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, E516, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4970, USA
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Sara Zarabi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Aaron Schimmer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Christopher Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, E516, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4970, USA.
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13
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Moreno-Cinos C, Goossens K, Salado IG, Van Der Veken P, De Winter H, Augustyns K. ClpP Protease, a Promising Antimicrobial Target. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092232. [PMID: 31067645 PMCID: PMC6540193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The caseinolytic protease proteolytic subunit (ClpP) is a serine protease playing an important role in proteostasis of eukaryotic organelles and prokaryotic cells. Alteration of ClpP function has been proved to affect the virulence and infectivity of a number of pathogens. Increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a global problem and new classes of antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action are needed. In this regard, ClpP has emerged as an attractive and potentially viable option to tackle pathogen fitness without suffering cross-resistance to established antibiotic classes and, when not an essential target, without causing an evolutionary selection pressure. This opens a greater window of opportunity for the host immune system to clear the infection by itself or by co-administration with commonly prescribed antibiotics. A comprehensive overview of the function, regulation and structure of ClpP across the different organisms is given. Discussion about mechanism of action of this protease in bacterial pathogenesis and human diseases are outlined, focusing on the compounds developed in order to target the activation or inhibition of ClpP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Moreno-Cinos
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Kenneth Goossens
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Irene G Salado
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Pieter Van Der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Hans De Winter
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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14
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Perrault syndrome type 3 caused by diverse molecular defects in CLPP. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12862. [PMID: 30150665 PMCID: PMC6110781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of mitochondrial protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is crucial for correct cellular function. Recently, several mutations in the mitochondrial protease CLPP have been identified in patients with Perrault syndrome 3 (PRLTS3). These mutations can be arranged into two groups, those that cluster near the docking site (hydrophobic pocket, Hp) for the cognate unfoldase CLPX (i.e. T145P and C147S) and those that are adjacent to the active site of the peptidase (i.e. Y229D). Here we report the biochemical consequence of mutations in both regions. The Y229D mutant not only inhibited CLPP-peptidase activity, but unexpectedly also prevented CLPX-docking, thereby blocking the turnover of both peptide and protein substrates. In contrast, Hp mutations cause a range of biochemical defects in CLPP, from no observable change to CLPP activity for the C147S mutant, to dramatic disruption of most activities for the “gain-of-function” mutant T145P - including loss of oligomeric assembly and enhanced peptidase activity.
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15
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Bhandari V, Wong KS, Zhou JL, Mabanglo MF, Batey RA, Houry WA. The Role of ClpP Protease in Bacterial Pathogenesis and Human Diseases. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1413-1425. [PMID: 29775273 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic organelles, the ClpP protease plays an important role in proteostasis. The disruption of the ClpP function has been shown to influence the infectivity and virulence of a number of bacterial pathogens. More recently, ClpP has been found to be involved in various forms of carcinomas and in Perrault syndrome, which is an inherited condition characterized by hearing loss in males and females and by ovarian abnormalities in females. Hence, targeting ClpP is a potentially viable, attractive option for the treatment of different ailments. Herein, the biochemical and cellular activities of ClpP are discussed along with the mechanisms by which ClpP affects bacterial pathogenesis and various human diseases. In addition, a comprehensive overview is given of the new classes of compounds in development that target ClpP. Many of these compounds are currently primarily aimed at treating bacterial infections. Some of these compounds inhibit ClpP activity, while others activate the protease and lead to its dysregulation. The ClpP activators are remarkable examples of small molecules that inhibit protein-protein interactions but also result in a gain of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Bhandari
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Keith S. Wong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Jin Lin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark F. Mabanglo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Robert A. Batey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Walid A. Houry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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16
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Huhtaniemi I, Hovatta O, La Marca A, Livera G, Monniaux D, Persani L, Heddar A, Jarzabek K, Laisk-Podar T, Salumets A, Tapanainen JS, Veitia RA, Visser JA, Wieacker P, Wolczynski S, Misrahi M. Advances in the Molecular Pathophysiology, Genetics, and Treatment of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:400-419. [PMID: 29706485 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects ∼1% of women before 40 years of age. The recent leap in genetic knowledge obtained by next generation sequencing (NGS) together with animal models has further elucidated its molecular pathogenesis, identifying novel genes/pathways. Mutations of >60 genes emphasize high genetic heterogeneity. Genome-wide association studies have revealed a shared genetic background between POI and reproductive aging. NGS will provide a genetic diagnosis leading to genetic/therapeutic counseling: first, defects in meiosis or DNA repair genes may predispose to tumors; and second, specific gene defects may predict the risk of rapid loss of a persistent ovarian reserve, an important determinant in fertility preservation. Indeed, a recent innovative treatment of POI by in vitro activation of dormant follicles proved to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Antonio La Marca
- Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41100, Italy
| | - Gabriel Livera
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation: UMR 967, INSERM; CEA/DRF/iRCM/SCSR; Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses, F-92265, France
| | - Danielle Monniaux
- UMR85 PRC, Physiology of Reproduction and Behavior, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, University of Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan 20149, Italy
| | - Abdelkader Heddar
- Medical Faculty, Univ. Paris Sud and Paris Saclay, Bicetre Hospital 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Katarzyna Jarzabek
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Triin Laisk-Podar
- Women's Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, Tartu, Estonia; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50410, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Women's Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, Tartu, Estonia; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50410, Estonia
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University, Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, P.O BOX 23, FI-90029 OYS, Oulu, Finland
| | - Reiner A Veitia
- Molecular Oncology and Ovarian Pathologies Université Paris-Diderot/Paris 7, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Wieacker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Münster, Vesaliusweg 12-14 D48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Slawomir Wolczynski
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Micheline Misrahi
- Medical Faculty, Univ. Paris Sud and Paris Saclay, Bicetre Hospital 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
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17
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Ołdak M, Oziębło D, Pollak A, Stępniak I, Lazniewski M, Lechowicz U, Kochanek K, Furmanek M, Tacikowska G, Plewczynski D, Wolak T, Płoski R, Skarżyński H. Novel neuro-audiological findings and further evidence for TWNK involvement in Perrault syndrome. J Transl Med 2017; 15:25. [PMID: 28178980 PMCID: PMC5299684 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hearing loss and ovarian dysfunction are key features of Perrault syndrome (PRLTS) but the clinical and pathophysiological features of hearing impairment in PRLTS individuals have not been addressed. Mutations in one of five different genes HSD17B4, HARS2, LARS2, CLPP or TWNK (previous symbol C10orf2) cause the autosomal recessive disorder but they are found only in about half of the patients. METHODS We report on two siblings with a clinical picture resembling a severe, neurological type of PRLTS. For an exhaustive characterisation of the phenotype neuroimaging with volumetric measurements and objective measures of cochlear hair cell and auditory nerve function (otoacustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses) were used. Whole exome sequencing was applied to identify the genetic cause of the disorder. Co-segregation of the detected mutations with the phenotype was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In silico analysis including 3D protein structure modelling was used to predict the deleterious effects of the detected variants on protein function. RESULTS We found two rare biallelic mutations in TWNK, encoding Twinkle, an essential mitochondrial helicase. Mutation c.1196A>G (p.Asn399Ser) recurred for the first time in a patient with PRLTS and the second mutation c.1802G>A (p.Arg601Gln) was novel for the disorder. In both patients neuroimaging studies showed diminished cervical enlargement of the spinal cord and for the first time in PRLTS partial atrophy of the vestibulocochlear nerves and decreased grey and increased white matter volumes of the cerebellum. Morphological changes in the auditory nerves, their desynchronized activity and partial cochlear dysfunction underlay the complex mechanism of hearing impairment in the patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study unveils novel features on the phenotypic landscape of PRLTS and provides further evidence that the newly identified for PRLTS TWNK gene is involved in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ołdak
- Department of Genetics, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Mokra 17, Kajetany/Warsaw, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Dominika Oziębło
- Department of Genetics, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Mokra 17, Kajetany/Warsaw, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pollak
- Department of Genetics, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Mokra 17, Kajetany/Warsaw, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Stępniak
- Department of Genetics, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Mokra 17, Kajetany/Warsaw, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Michal Lazniewski
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Lechowicz
- Department of Genetics, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Mokra 17, Kajetany/Warsaw, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kochanek
- Department of Experimental Audiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Kajetany/Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Furmanek
- Bioimaging Research Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Kajetany/Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Tacikowska
- Department of Otoneurology, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Kajetany/Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Plewczynski
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wolak
- Bioimaging Research Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Kajetany/Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henryk Skarżyński
- Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Surgery Clinic, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Kajetany/Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Theunissen TEJ, Szklarczyk R, Gerards M, Hellebrekers DMEI, Mulder-Den Hartog ENM, Vanoevelen J, Kamps R, de Koning B, Rutledge SL, Schmitt-Mechelke T, van Berkel CGM, van der Knaap MS, de Coo IFM, Smeets HJM. Specific MRI Abnormalities Reveal Severe Perrault Syndrome due to CLPP Defects. Front Neurol 2016; 7:203. [PMID: 27899912 PMCID: PMC5110515 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In establishing a genetic diagnosis in heterogeneous neurological disease, clinical characterization and whole exome sequencing (WES) go hand-in-hand. Clinical data are essential, not only to guide WES variant selection and define the clinical severity of a genetic defect but also to identify other patients with defects in the same gene. In an infant patient with sensorineural hearing loss, psychomotor retardation, and epilepsy, WES resulted in identification of a novel homozygous CLPP frameshift mutation (c.21delA). Based on the gene defect and clinical symptoms, the diagnosis Perrault syndrome type 3 (PRLTS3) was established. The patient’s brain-MRI revealed specific abnormalities of the subcortical and deep cerebral white matter and the middle blade of the corpus callosum, which was used to identify similar patients in the Amsterdam brain-MRI database, containing over 3000 unclassified leukoencephalopathy cases. In three unrelated patients with similar MRI abnormalities the CLPP gene was sequenced, and in two of them novel missense mutations were identified together with a large deletion that covered part of the CLPP gene on the other allele. The severe neurological and MRI abnormalities in these young patients were due to the drastic impact of the CLPP mutations, correlating with the variation in clinical manifestations among previously reported patients. Our data show that similarity in brain-MRI patterns can be used to identify novel PRLTS3 patients, especially during early disease stages, when only part of the disease manifestations are present. This seems especially applicable to the severely affected cases in which CLPP function is drastically affected and MRI abnormalities are pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom E J Theunissen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Radek Szklarczyk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Mike Gerards
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Debby M E I Hellebrekers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | | | - Jo Vanoevelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Rick Kamps
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Bart de Koning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - S Lane Rutledge
- Department of Neurology and Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | | | - Carola G M van Berkel
- Department of Child Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Department of Child Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | | | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht, Netherlands
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19
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Lerat J, Jonard L, Loundon N, Christin-Maitre S, Lacombe D, Goizet C, Rouzier C, Van Maldergem L, Gherbi S, Garabedian EN, Bonnefont JP, Touraine P, Mosnier I, Munnich A, Denoyelle F, Marlin S. An Application of NGS for Molecular Investigations in Perrault Syndrome: Study of 14 Families and Review of the Literature. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:1354-1362. [PMID: 27650058 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Perrault syndrome (PS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by deafness and gonadic dysgenesis. Recently, mutations in five genes have been identified: C10orf2, CLPP, HARS2, HSD17B4, and LARS2. Probands included are presented with sensorineural deafness associated with gonadic dysgenesis. DNA was sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS) with a panel of 35 deafness genes including the five Perrault genes. Exonic variations known as pathogenic mutations or detected with <1% frequency in public databases were extracted and subjected to segregation analysis within each family. Both mutations and low coverage regions were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Fourteen female index patients were included. The screening in four cases has been extended to four family members presenting with PS phenotype. For four unrelated patients (28.6%), causative mutations were identified: three homozygous mutations in C10orf2, CLPP, and HARS2, and one compound heterozygous mutation in LARS2. Three additional heterozygous mutations in LARS2 and HSD17B4 were found in three independent familial cases. All these missense mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing. Familial segregation analyses confirmed the molecular diagnosis in all cases carrying biallelic mutations. Because of NGS, molecular analysis confirmed the clinical diagnosis of PS in 28.6% of our cohort and four novel mutations were found in four Perrault genes. For the unsolved cases, exome sequencing should be performed to search for a sixth unknown PS gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Lerat
- Otorhinolaryngologie et chirurgie cervico-faciale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Laurence Jonard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Natalie Loundon
- Otorhinolaryngologie pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Didier Lacombe
- Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Rouzier
- Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôpital l'Archet, Nice, France
| | - Lionel Van Maldergem
- Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôpital Saint Jacques, Besançon, France
| | - Souad Gherbi
- Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Eréa-Nöel Garabedian
- Otorhinolaryngologie pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bonnefont
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Endocrinologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpétrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Mosnier
- Otorhinolaryngologie et chirurgie cervico-faciale, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpétrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Denoyelle
- Otorhinolaryngologie pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
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