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Tinius RA, Blankenship MM, Furgal KE, Cade WT, Duchette C, Pearson KJ, Maples JM. Metabolic flexibility during late pregnancy is associated with neonatal adiposity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:404-407. [PMID: 33544662 PMCID: PMC8158655 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between maternal metabolic flexibility during pregnancy and neonatal health outcomes. Percent change in lipid oxidation (before and after a high-fat meal) was calculated as the measure of "metabolic flexibility". Neonatal adiposity was assessed within 48 h of delivery by skinfold anthropometry. Metabolic flexibility (r = -0.271, p = 0.034), maternal HOMA-IR (r = 0.280, p = 0.030), and maternal body mass index (r = 0.299, p = 0.018) were correlated with neonatal subscapular skinfold (i.e., measure of neonatal adiposity). Clinical Trail Registration Number: NCT03504319. Novelty: This is the first study to link maternal metabolic flexibility, body mass index, and insulin resistance during pregnancy to neonatal adiposity at parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Tinius
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Maire M Blankenship
- School of Nursing and Allied Health, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Karen E Furgal
- Department of Physical Therapy, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - W Todd Cade
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cathryn Duchette
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Kevin J Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jill M Maples
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
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Korpysz A, Wysocka-Mincewicz M, Szalecki M. Assessment of insulin resistance in preterm children appropriate for gestational age versus term and preterm children with intrauterine growth restriction. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2021; 27:249-252. [PMID: 35114765 PMCID: PMC10226356 DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2021.109128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Estimation of carbohydrate metabolism parameters in the groups: AGA preterm, SGA term, SGA preterm and AGA term. MATERIAL AND METHODS 89 children were qualified: group A - AGA preterm 22, group B - SGA preterm 26, SGA term group C - 30 children, AGA - term group D - 11 children; at the age of 6-7 years. Insulin and fasting glucose levels were measure. HOMA IR and QUICKI, lipid profile were calculated. RESULTS Higher insulin concentration were found in groups C vs. A (6.93 vs. 3.68 uIU/ml, p = 0.00005); B vs A (5.49 vs. 3.68 uIU/ml, p = 0.02). HOMA IR was significantly higher in the C vs A group (1.38 vs. 0.73, p = 0.00014); and B vs A (1.11 vs. 0.73, p = 0.03). Quicki were lower in C vs. A (0.7 vs. 0.96, p = 0.00068). CONCLUSIONS The risk of insulin resistance appears to be more associated with lower birth weight than time of birth. No greater risk of insulin resistance has been established in preterm births with AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Korpysz
- Alicja Korpysz Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology The Children’s Memorial Health Institute Al. Dzieci Polskich 20 04-730 Warsaw, Poland e-mail:
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Johnson AW, Snegovskikh D, Parikh L, DeAguiar RB, Han CS, Hwang JJ. Characterizing the Effects of Diabetes and Obesity on Insulin and Leptin Levels amongst Pregnant Women. Am J Perinatol 2020; 37:1094-1101. [PMID: 32120424 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1702988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we assess the impact of obesity and diabetes on maternal brain and periphery, as well as fetal exposure to insulin and leptin, and two hormones that play an important role in regulating energy homeostasis. STUDY DESIGN Fasting maternal plasma, fetal cord vein and artery plasma, and maternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected in 37 women (12 lean, nondiabetic [prepregnancy body mass index (BMI): 22.9 ± 1.7 kg/m2]; 12 overweight/obese nondiabetic [BMI: 37.8 ± 7.3 kg/m2]; 13 gestational/type 2 diabetes mellitus [BMI: 29.8 ± 7.3 kg/m2]) with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies undergoing elective Cesarean delivery. HbA1C, insulin, glucose, and leptin levels were measured. RESULTS Compared with lean mothers, mothers with obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) had significantly lower CSF-to-plasma ratios of insulin. Moreover, mothers with obesity and DM had significantly lower cord arterial and cord venous to maternal plasma ratios of insulin, but not leptin, compared with lean mothers. There were no differences in CSF and cord blood insulin and leptin levels between obese and DM mothers. CONCLUSION Compared with lean individuals, mothers with obesity and DM have relative deficiencies in insulin exposure. The patterns observed in mothers with obesity and diabetes were similar highlighting the importance of the maternal metabolic environment in obesity and suggesting obese patients warrant further clinical focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea W Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Denis Snegovskikh
- Division of Obstetric and Gynecological Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lisa Parikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Renata B DeAguiar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christina S Han
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Janice J Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Hernández-Rodríguez CE, Estrada-Zúñiga CM, De la O-Cavazos ME, García-Rodríguez F, Rodríguez-Balderrama I, Zapata-Castilleja CA, Treviño-Garza C. Differences in omentin-1 levels in term newborns according to birth weight. Early Hum Dev 2019; 139:104842. [PMID: 31476543 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines are produced by adipose tissue and are involved in metabolic processes. Omentin-1 is an adipokine that has been shown in vitro to possibly be involved in insulin sensitivity modulation. The prenatal stage is a crucial period for development of metabolic diseases in the long term, therefore, small (SGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age newborns have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome later in life. AIMS To evaluate the differences in omentin-1 concentrations in umbilical cord blood from healthy term newborns according to birth weight and explore the association between omentin-1 and anthropometry, glucose, insulin and insulin sensitivity. STUDY DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of stored umbilical cord blood of term newborns. SUBJECTS Newborns classified according to birth weight as SGA (n = 30), adequate for gestational age (AGA) (n = 12) and LGA (n = 34). OUTCOME MEASURES An analysis of omentin-1, glucose and insulin were performed. RESULTS Differences were found in serum omentin-1 levels (ng/mL) between SGA 328.17 ± 108.04, AGA 253.05 ± 98.25 and LGA 250.91 ± 100.48 (p = 0.009). In the linear regression analysis, the independent variables HOMA-IR, QUICK-I and FGIR were predictors of serum omentin-1 levels (r = 0.175, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Omentin-1 cord blood levels have a differentiated behavior according to weight for gestational age with LGA newborns having lower levels and SGA newborns higher levels. HOMA-IR, QUICK-I and FGIR weakly predicted omentin-1 in cord blood, suggesting that omentin-1 possibly has an implication in insulin sensitivity since birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlalli E Hernández-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez", Department of Pediatrics, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Cynthia M Estrada-Zúñiga
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez", Department of Pediatrics, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Manuel E De la O-Cavazos
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez", Department of Pediatrics, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Fernando García-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez", Department of Pediatrics, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Isaías Rodríguez-Balderrama
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez", Department of Pediatrics, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Zapata-Castilleja
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez", Department of Pediatrics, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Treviño-Garza
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez", Department of Pediatrics, Monterrey, Mexico.
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Chatmethakul T, Roghair RD. Risk of hypertension following perinatal adversity: IUGR and prematurity. J Endocrinol 2019; 242:T21-T32. [PMID: 30657741 PMCID: PMC6594910 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Consistent with the paradigm shifting observations of David Barker and colleagues that revealed a powerful relationship between decreased weight through 2 years of age and adult disease, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth are independent risk factors for the development of subsequent hypertension. Animal models have been indispensable in defining the mechanisms responsible for these associations and the potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Among the modifiable risk factors, micronutrient deficiency, physical immobility, exaggerated stress hormone exposure and deficient trophic hormone production are leading candidates for targeted therapies. With the strong inverse relationship seen between gestational age at delivery and the risk of hypertension in adulthood trumping all other major cardiovascular risk factors, improvements in neonatal care are required. Unfortunately, therapeutic breakthroughs have not kept pace with rapidly improving perinatal survival, and groundbreaking bench-to-bedside studies are urgently needed to mitigate and ultimately prevent the tsunami of prematurity-related adult cardiovascular disease that may be on the horizon. This review highlights our current understanding of the developmental origins of hypertension and draws attention to the importance of increasing the availability of lactation consultants, nutritionists, pharmacists and physical therapists as critical allies in the battle that IUGR or premature infants are waging not just for survival but also for their future cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trassanee Chatmethakul
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Robert D Roghair
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Li H, Wang Z, Li Y, Fang R, Wang H, Shi H, Zhang X, Zhang W, Ye L. Hepatitis B X-interacting protein promotes the formation of the insulin gene-transcribing protein complex Pdx-1/Neurod1 in animal pancreatic β-cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:2053-2065. [PMID: 29259128 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of insulin gene transcription depends on multiple nuclear proteins, including the transcription factors PDX-1 and NEUROD1, which form a transcriptional complex. We recently reported that hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP, also termed LAMTOR5) can modulate glucose metabolism reprogramming in cancer cells. However, the physiological role of HBXIP in the modulation of glucose metabolism in normal tissues is poorly understood. Here, we report that Hbxip is an essential regulator of the effect of the Pdx-1/Neurod1 complex on insulin gene transcription in murine pancreatic β-cells in vitro and in vivo We found that pancreatic β-cell-specific Hbxip-knockout mice displayed higher fasting blood glucose levels and impaired glucose tolerance. Furthermore, Hbxip was involved in the regulation of insulin in the pancreas islets and increased insulin gene expression in rat pancreatic β-cells. Mechanistically, Hbxip stimulated insulin enhancer activity by interacting with Pdx-1 and recruiting Neurod1 to Pdx-1. Functionally, we provide evidence that Hbxip is required for Pdx-1/Neurod1-mediated insulin expression in rat pancreatic β-cells. Collectively, these results indicate that Hbxip is involved in the transcription of insulin by increasing the levels of the Pdx-1/Neurod1 complex in animal pancreatic β-cells. Our finding provides the insight into the mechanism by which Hbxip stimulates the transcription of the insulin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Departments of Biochemistry and
| | - Zhen Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Departments of Biochemistry and
| | - Yinghui Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Departments of Biochemistry and
| | - Runping Fang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Departments of Biochemistry and
| | - Huawei Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Departments of Biochemistry and
| | - Hui Shi
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Departments of Biochemistry and
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weiying Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Departments of Biochemistry and
| | - Lihong Ye
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Departments of Biochemistry and
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