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Angelico F, Baratta F, Coronati M, Ferro D, Del Ben M. Diet and metabolic syndrome: a narrative review. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:1007-1017. [PMID: 36929350 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent condition defined by the presence of at least three out of five risk factors including central obesity, increased fasting glucose, high blood pressure, and dyslipidaemia. Metabolic syndrome is associated with a 2-fold increase in cardiovascular outcomes and a 1.5-fold increase in all-cause mortality. Excess energy intake and Western dietary pattern may influence the development of metabolic syndrome. By contrast, both Mediterranean diet (Med-diet) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, with or without calorie restriction, have positive effects. For the prevention and management of MetS, it is recommended to increase the daily intake of fiber-rich and low-glycaemic-index foods and the consumption of fish and dairy products, especially yogurt and nuts. Moreover, it is advisable to consume a large variety of unprocessed cereals, legumes, and fruit. Finally, it is suggested to replace saturated fatty acids with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and to limit the consumption of free sugars to less than 10% of the total energy intake. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze current evidence on the different dietary patterns and nutrients that may affect prevention and treatment of MetS and to discuss the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angelico
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto 1, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Baratta
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto 1, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mattia Coronati
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto 1, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Ferro
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto 1, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto 1, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Majdi M, Imani H, Bazshahi E, Hosseini F, Djafarian K, Lesani A, Akbarzade Z, Shab-Bidar S. Habitual- and Meal-Specific Carbohydrate Quality Index and Their Relation to Metabolic Syndrome in a Sample of Iranian Adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:763345. [PMID: 35433797 PMCID: PMC9011184 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.763345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Most studies on diet quality have focused on the habitual and overall intake of foods without considering intakes at specific eating occasions. This study aimed to assess the association between habitual- and meal-specific carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Iranian adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study, data from 850 participants were analyzed. Dietary information was obtained from a 3-day nonconsecutive 24 h recall. CQI was calculated from three criteria: dietary fiber, glycemic index, and solid carbohydrate/total carbohydrate ratio. The association between CQI and MetS was assessed by logistic regression. Results The prevalences of MetS in the lowest and highest tertile of CQI were 30.1 and 33.7, respectively (P = 0.6). In habitual diet and all the three meals, we failed to find any significant association between tertiles of CQI and MetS either before or after adjustment for covariates. However, in the habitual meals [odds ratio (OR): 0.69, 95% CI: 0.47–0.96] and lunch meals (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.47–0.94), the highest CQI in comparison to the lowest one, significantly decreased the low high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition, the trend of low-HDL with CQI in habitual meal and lunch meal was statistically significant. Conclusion The results of this study showed that CQI was not associated with MetS and its components. Further investigations into the mechanisms underlying the role of carbohydrate quality in developing metabolic disorders are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Majdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Imani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Bazshahi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Lesani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbarzade
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Sakineh Shab-Bidar
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Ding J, Liu Q, Liu Z, Guo H, Liang J, Zhang Y. Association Between Dietary Zinc Intake and Metabolic Syndrome. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:825913. [PMID: 35187040 PMCID: PMC8850691 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.825913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have investigated the association between dietary zinc intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, their results are conflicting. This meta-analysis was therefore employed to investigate the associations further. Methods A comprehensive literature search was employed by using the electronic database of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase up to November 2021. The pooled relative risk (RR) of MetS for the highest vs. lowest dietary zinc intake category, and the weighted mean difference (WMD) of dietary zinc intake for MetS vs. control subjects as well as their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results A total of 13 observational studies (18,073 participants) were identified in this meta-analysis. The overall multi-variable adjusted RR demonstrated that the dietary zinc intake was inversely associated with MetS (RR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.61 to 0.93; P = 0.009). The subgroup analysis confirmed such findings in cross-sectional (RR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.55 to 0.87; P = 0.002), NCEP-ATP III (RR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.48 to 0.84; P = 0.002), adult (RR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.62 to 0.96; P = 0.02), dietary recall method (RR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.55 to 0.87; P = 0.002), and >500 sample-sized study (RR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.64 to 0.99; P = 0.002), respectively. On the other hand, the overall combined WMD showed that the dietary zinc intake in MetS was also lower than that in control subjects (WMD = −0.21, 95%CI: −0.42 to 0.00; P = 0.05). Conclusions Our results suggest that the dietary zinc intake is negatively associated with MetS. However, due to the limitation of available evidence. More well-designed prospective cohort studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ding
- Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieyu Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang
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Zhang Y, Ding J, Guo H, Liu Z, Liu Q, Li Y, Zhang D, Liang J. Associations of Dietary and Circulating Vitamin E Level With Metabolic Syndrome. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Front Nutr 2021; 8:783990. [PMID: 34957185 PMCID: PMC8692835 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.783990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The associations of dietary and circulating vitamin E level with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains conflicting. This meta-analysis of observational study was therefore employed to investigate the issue above. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science and Embase database were searched up to April 2021. The observational studies on the associations of dietary and circulating vitamin E level with MetS were specified. The pooled relative risk (RR) of MetS for the highest vs. lowest dietary and circulating vitamin E level, and the standard mean difference (SMD) of dietary and circulating vitamin E level for MetS vs. control subjects, were calculated. Results: A total of 25 observational studies with 51,276 participants, were included in this meta-analysis. The overall multi-variable adjusted RR demonstrated that the dietary vitamin E level was inversely associated with MetS (RR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.85–1.00; P = 0.044). In addition, the dietary vitamin E level in MetS was also lower than that in control subjects according to the overall combined SMD (SMD = −0.08, 95%CI: −0.14 to −0.02; P = 0.024). On the other hand, the overall multi-variable adjusted RR showed no significant relationship between the circulating vitamin E level and MetS (RR = 1.46, 95%CI: 0.85–2.48; P = 0.17). However, the circulating vitamin E level in MetS was lower than that in control subjects according to the overall combined SMD (SMD = −0.58, 95%CI: −1.04 to −0.13; P = 0.013). Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that the dietary vitamin E level is inversely associated with MetS. On the other hand, current evidence is still insufficient to conclude a relationship between the circulating vitamin E level and MetS. More well-designed prospective cohort studies are needed to address the issues further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dianzhong Zhang
- Center for Teaching and Research of Advanced Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieyu Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Guo H, Ding J, Liu Q, Li Y, Liang J, Zhang Y. Vitamin C and Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Front Nutr 2021; 8:728880. [PMID: 34692744 PMCID: PMC8531097 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.728880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between vitamin C and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been evaluated in several epidemiological studies with conflicting results. This meta-analysis was therefore employed to further investigate the above issue. Methods: The observational studies on the associations of dietary and circulating (serum and plasma) vitamin C levels with MetS were searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase database up to April 2021. The pooled relative risk (RR) of MetS for the highest vs. lowest dietary and circulating vitamin C levels and the standard mean difference (SMD) of dietary and circulating vitamin C levels for MetS vs. control subjects were calculated, respectively. Results: A total of 28 observational studies were identified in this meta-analysis. Specifically, 23 studies were related to the dietary vitamin C level. The overall multivariable-adjusted RR demonstrated that the dietary vitamin C level was inversely associated with MetS (RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.97; P = 0.003). Moreover, the overall combined SMD showed that the dietary vitamin C level in MetS was lower than that in control subjects (SMD = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.08 to -0.01; P = 0.024). With regard to the circulating vitamin C level, 11 studies were included. The overall multivariable-adjusted RR demonstrated that the circulating vitamin C level was inversely associated with MetS (RR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.49-0.74; P < 0.001). In addition, the overall combined SMD showed that the circulating vitamin C level in MetS was lower than that in control subjects (SMD=-0.82, 95%CI: -1.24 to -0.40; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that both dietary and circulating vitamin C level is inversely associated with MetS. However, due to the limitation of the available evidence, more well-designed prospective studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieyu Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Barzegar-Amini M, Khorramruz F, Ghazizadeh H, Sahebi R, Mohammadi-Bajgyran M, Mohaddes Ardabili H, Tayefi M, Darroudi S, Moohebati M, Heidari-Bakavoli A, Mohammadi A, Sadeghnia HR, Ferns GA, Javad Hoseini S, Ghayour Mobarhan M. Association between serum Vitamin E concentrations and the presence of Metabolic Syndrome: A population-based cohort study. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021047. [PMID: 34212939 PMCID: PMC8343740 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i3.9173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of clinical and metabolic features that include central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance. These features are accompanied by increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defenses. Vitamin E is a major factor in the non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses. The aim of present study was to investigate the association between serum levels of vitamin E and the presence of MetS and its components in a sample population of Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) cohort study. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in 128 subjects with MetS and 235 subjects without MetS. MetS was defined according to the International-Diabetes-Federation criteria. Serum levels of vitamin E were measured using the HPLC method. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured using standard protocols. Results. MetS patients had significantly lower serum levels of vitamin E (Vit E), Vit E/Total cholesterol (TC), and Vit E/ (TC+triglyceride(TG)) compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Vit E/ (TG+TC) was also significantly lower in diabetics or those with elevated levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Additionally, there was a significant association between Vit E/ (TG + Total Cho) and the number of components of the metabolic syndrome (p= 0.02) Conclusions. There is a significant inverse association between indices of Vit E status and the presence of MetS. Moreover, a significantly lower Vit E/ (TC+TG) was observed along with individuals with increasing numbers of components of the MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:92:"c. Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran";}.
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Julibert A, Bibiloni MDM, Mateos D, Angullo E, Tur JA. Dietary Fat Intake and Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1901. [PMID: 31416272 PMCID: PMC6723812 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer worldwide. OBJECTIVE To assess fat intake in older adults with or without MetS. DESIGN Cross-sectional nutritional survey in older adults living in the Balearic Islands (n = 477, 48% women, 55-80 years old) with no previous CVD. METHODS Assessment of fat (total fat, MUFA, PUFA, SFA, TFA, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, marine and non-marine ω-3 FA, animal fat and vegetable fat, cholesterol) and macronutrient intake using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and its comparison with recommendations of the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC). RESULTS Participants with MetS showed higher BMI, lower physical activity, higher total fat and MUFA intake, and lower intake of energy, carbohydrates, and fiber than participants without MetS. Men and women with MetS were below the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) proposed by IOM for carbohydrates and above the AMDR for total fat and MUFAs, and women were below the AMDR proposed for α-linolenic acid (ALA) compared with participants without MetS. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with MetS were less likely to meet IOM and SENC recommendations for fat and macronutrient intakes as compared to non-MetS subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Julibert
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, IDISBA & CIBEROBN, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Bibiloni
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, IDISBA & CIBEROBN, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - David Mateos
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, IDISBA & CIBEROBN, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Escarlata Angullo
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, IDISBA & CIBEROBN, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Escola Graduada Primary Health Care Center, IBSalut, 07001 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, IDISBA & CIBEROBN, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Sekgala MD, Monyeki KD, Mogale A, Mchiza ZJ, Parker W, Choma SR, Makgopa HM. The risk of metabolic syndrome as a result of lifestyle among Ellisras rural young adults. J Hum Hypertens 2018; 32:572-584. [PMID: 29867133 PMCID: PMC6150907 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lifestyle risk factors among Ellisras adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 624 adults (306 males and 318 females). MetS was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. The prevalence of MetS was 23.1% (8.6% males and 36.8 % females). Females appeared to have higher mean values for waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TCHOL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while males had high mean values for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). No significant age and gender differences were observed for dietary intake. Significantly more females (51.9%) presented with increased WC than males (4.6%). Participants who had a high dietary energy intake were significantly less likely to present with larger WC (OR: 0.250 95% CI [0.161; 0.389]), low HDL-C (OR: 0.306 95% CI [0.220; 0.425]) and high LDL-C (OR: 0.583 95% CI [0.418; 0.812]) but more likely to present with elevated FBG (OR: 1.01 95% CI [0.735; 1.386]), high TCHOL (OR: 1.039 95% CI [0.575; 1.337]), high TG (OR: 1.186 95% CI [0.695; 2.023]) and hypertension (OR: 5.205 95% CI [3.156; 8.585]). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, and alcohol status, high energy intake was more than two times likely to predict MetS in adults with a large WC (OR: 2.766 95% CI [0.863; 3.477] and elevated FBG (OR: 2.227 95% CI [1.051; 3.328]). Therefore, identifying groups that are at an increased risk and those that are in their early stages of MetS will help improve and prevent the increase of the MetS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Sekgala
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
- Population Health, Health System and Innovations, Human Science Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - K D Monyeki
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa.
| | - A Mogale
- Department of Biochemistry, Sefako Makgatho, Health Science University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Z J Mchiza
- Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - W Parker
- Population Health, Health System and Innovations, Human Science Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S R Choma
- Department of Pathology and Medical Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - H M Makgopa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
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Chen JP, Chen GC, Wang XP, Qin L, Bai Y. Dietary Fiber and Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Related Mechanisms. Nutrients 2017; 10:E24. [PMID: 29278406 PMCID: PMC5793252 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dietary fiber intake may provide beneficial effects on the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, observational studies reported inconsistent results for the relationship between dietary fiber intake and MetS risk. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify previous observational studies and a narrative review to summarize mechanisms involved in the potential relationship. (2) Methods: The literature was searched on PubMed and Web of Science until 28 November 2017. A random-effects model was used to calculate the summary risk estimates. Eleven cross-sectional studies and three cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results from the original studies were reported as odds ratios (ORs) or relative ratios (RRs) of the MetS associated with different levels of dietary fiber intake, and the ORs/RRs comparing the highest with lowest categories of the intake were pooled. (3) Results: For the cross-sectional studies, the pooled OR was 0.70 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61-0.82) with evidence of high heterogeneity (I² = 74.4%, p < 0.001) and publication bias (p for Egger's test < 0.001). After removing four studies, results remained significant (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58-0.78) and the heterogeneity was largely reduced (I² = 32.4%, p = 0.181). For the cohort studies, the pooled RR was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.70-1.06). (4) Conclusion: Although the meta-analysis suggests an inverse association between dietary fiber intake and risk of MetS, and the association was supported by a wide range of mechanism studies, the findings are limited by insufficient cohort data. More prospective studies are needed to further verify the association between dietary fiber intake and the risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ping Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education District, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education District, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education District, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Liqiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education District, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yanjie Bai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education District, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Motamed S, Ebrahimi M, Safarian M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Mouhebati M, Azarpazhouh M, Esmailie H, Norouzi A, Ferns GA. Micronutrient intake and the presence of the metabolic syndrome. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013; 5:377-85. [PMID: 23923113 PMCID: PMC3731870 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.114171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Dietary micronutrients have been proposed to protect against oxidative damage and related clinical complications. Aims: We aimed to compare the micronutrient intake between individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (MS). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 3800 men and women who were aged between 35 and 65 years. The diagnosis of the MS was based on International Diabetes Federation criteria. Dietary intake of participants was assessed using a questionnaire for 24 h dietary recall. Student's t-test and Mann–Whitney U-tests were used for comparing the micronutrient intake of subjects with or without the MS and the odds ratio for the presence of the MS was calculated for each micronutrient by control for total energy intake adjusted by the residue method. Results: The mean age of MS subjects and the control group was 48.8 ± 7.9 years and 47.6 ± 7.6 years, respectively. Energy-adjusted intake of vitamin E (P < 0.05), B2 (P < 0.01), and B12 (P < 0.05) was higher in normal women compared with women with MS. Energy-adjusted intake of vitamin B1 was significantly higher in women with MS. After logistic regression analysis, no significant association between micronutrient intake and MS was shown. Conclusion: We found no significant association between micronutrient intake and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabe Motamed
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center and department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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