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Herbert A, Russell FM, Ferre RM, Wilcox J, Peterson D, Davis J, Zakeri B, Hays M, Wallach PM. Two-week intensive medical student point-of-care ultrasound training impact on long term utilization. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:884. [PMID: 39152440 PMCID: PMC11330062 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little to no data evaluating long term usage of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) after a training intervention for medical students. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of an intensive POCUS training program on medical student's usage at 9-months post-program. METHODS This was a prospective cross-sectional study of rising second year medical students who participated in a 2-week summer POCUS training program. Instruction consisted of 8 h of asynchronous online didactic material, 2-4 h of daily hands-on instructor-led and independent scanning, and instruction on how to teach POCUS. Students were assessed pre- and post-program, and again at 9 months post-program to evaluate POCUS usage. RESULTS A total of 56 students participated in the program over 2 summers; 52 (92.9%) responded to the 9-month post-program survey. At 9 months, 49 (94.2%) of students taught POCUS after the program to peers or faculty. Students reported serving as a POCUS instructor in 283 subsequent teaching sessions accounting for 849 h of POCUS instruction time. Six (11.5%) students were involved in the creation of a POCUS interest group on their regional campus, 7 (13%) created a POCUS curriculum for their student interest group, and 4 (7.7%) created an opt-in co-curricular POCUS program for students at their regional campus. Three (5.8%) students did not serve as educators after the program and only one student reported not using POCUS again after the program. CONCLUSION After a 2-week intensive POCUS training program for medical students, the majority of students demonstrated continued involvement in POCUS learning and education at 9-month follow-up including serving as peer instructors and assisting with limitations in financial resources and trained faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Herbert
- Associate Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 720 Eskenazi Avenue, FOB, 3rd Floor, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Frances M Russell
- Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Robinson M Ferre
- Associate Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 720 Eskenazi Avenue, FOB, 3rd Floor, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - James Wilcox
- Assistant Professor of Clinical Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Dina Peterson
- Assistant Professor of Clinical Radiologic and Imaging Sciences, Department of Radiologic and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jean Davis
- RT, RDMS, Point of Care Ultrasound program manager, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Bita Zakeri
- Ph.D. Director of Professional Programs, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Matthew Hays
- MS, Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, and Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Paul M Wallach
- Professor of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Executive Associate Dean for Educational Affairs and Institutional Improvement, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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Andersen NL, Jensen RO, Konge L, Laursen CB, Falster C, Jacobsen N, Elhakim MT, Bojsen JA, Riishede M, Fransen ML, Rasmussen BSB, Posth S, Sant L, Graumann O. Immersive Virtual Reality in Basic Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:178-185. [PMID: 36216656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at comparing the learning efficacy of a traditional instructor-led lesson with that of a completely virtual, self-directed lesson in immersive virtual reality (IVR) in teaching basic point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) skills. We conducted a blinded, non-inferiority, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial in which final-year medical students were randomized to an instructor-led (n = 53) or IVR (n = 51) lesson. Participants' learning efficacy was evaluated by blinded assessors, who rated each participant's performance using the Objective Structured Assessment of Ultrasound Skills (OSAUS) assessment tool.The mean total scores for participants were 11.0 points (95% confidence interval: 9.8-12.2) for the instructor-led lesson and 10.3 points (95% confidence interval: 9.0-11.5) for the IVR lesson. No significant differences were observed between the groups with respect to total score (p = 0.36) or subgroup objectives of the OSAUS score (p = 0.34 for familiarity, p = 0.45 for image optimization, p = 0.96 for systematic approach and p = 0.07 for interpretation). Maintenance costs for both courses were estimated at 400 euros each. Startup costs for the instructor-led course were estimated 16 times higher than those for the IVR course. The learning efficacy of an instructor-led lesson on basic US did not differ significantly from that of a self-directed lesson in IVR, as assessed using the OSAUS. The results suggest that IVR could be an equivalent alternative to instructor-led lessons in future basic US courses, but further research is warranted to clarify the role of IVR in PoCUS courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna L Andersen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Rune O Jensen
- Research and Innovation Unit of Radiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Konge
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian B Laursen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Odense Respiratory Research Unit (ODIN), Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Casper Falster
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Odense Respiratory Research Unit (ODIN), Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Jacobsen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Odense Respiratory Research Unit (ODIN), Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mohammad T Elhakim
- Research and Innovation Unit of Radiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonas A Bojsen
- Research and Innovation Unit of Radiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Maja L Fransen
- Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Benjamin S B Rasmussen
- Research and Innovation Unit of Radiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefan Posth
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Linus Sant
- Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Graumann
- Research and Innovation Unit of Radiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Dessie AS, Calhoun AW, Kanjanauptom P, Gilbert GE, Ekpenyong A, Lewiss RE, Rabiner JE, Tsze DS, Kessler DO. Development and Validation of a Point-of-Care-Ultrasound Image Quality Assessment Tool: The POCUS IQ Scale. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:135-145. [PMID: 36165271 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop a standardized scoring tool to measure point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) image quality and to determine validity evidence for its use to assess lung ultrasound image quality. METHODS The POCUS Image Quality (POCUS IQ) scale was developed by POCUS-trained physicians to assess sonographers' image acquisition skills by evaluating image quality for any POCUS application. The scale was piloted using lung images of healthy standardized patients acquired by three expert sonographers compared to three novices before and after training. All images (experts, novices pre-training, novices post-training) were scored on the POCUS IQ scale by three blinded POCUS-trained physicians. Reliability was assessed with fully-crossed generalizability and decision studies. Validity was assessed using Messick's framework. RESULTS Content validity was supported by the tool's development process of literature review, expert consensus, and pilot testing. Response process was supported by reviewer training and the blinded scoring process. Relation to other variables was supported by scores relating to sonographer experience: median expert score = 10.5/14 (IQR: 4), median novice pre-training score = 6/14 (IQR: 2.25), and novices' improvement after training (median post-training score = 12/14, IQR: 3.25). Internal structure was supported by internal consistency data (coefficient alpha = 0.84, omega coefficient = 0.91) and the generalizability study showing the main contributor to score variability was the sonographer (51%). The G-coefficient was 0.89, suggesting very good internal structure, however, Gwet's AC2 was 0.5, indicating moderate interrater reliability. The D study projected a minimum of 1 reviewer and 2 patients are needed for good psychometric reliability. CONCLUSIONS The POCUS scale has good preliminary validity evidence as an assessment tool for lung POCUS image acquisition skills. Further studies are needed to demonstrate its utility for other POCUS applications and as a feedback tool for POCUS learners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almaz S Dessie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aaron W Calhoun
- University of Louisville, Department of Pediatrics, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Panida Kanjanauptom
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gregory E Gilbert
- Biostatistics and Medical Writing, ∑igma∑tats™, LLC, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- ICON, plc, New Wales, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Atim Ekpenyong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Resa E Lewiss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joni E Rabiner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel S Tsze
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - David O Kessler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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Carrera KG, Hassen G, Camacho-Leon GP, Rossitto F, Martinez F, Debele TK. The Benefits and Barriers of Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Primary Healthcare in the United States. Cureus 2022; 14:e28373. [PMID: 36171847 PMCID: PMC9508689 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective healthcare system should embrace practices that enhance overall quality and productivity. Training primary care physicians in Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) has become part of the processes that improve the quality of patient care and serve to guide the diagnostic impression quickly and effectively. With the purpose of highlighting the applications and challenges of POCUS use in US primary health care, we conducted a narrative review based on PubMed-indexed and Cochrane Library English text publications searched in May-July 2022 using a combination of key terms including point of care ultrasound, primary care, and US healthcare. Many studies have shown that POCUS has a positive impact on fostering medical attention and reducing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Besides assisting in procedures, POCUS has a head-to-toe application in evaluating inflammatory and infectious conditions, acute abdomen, cardiopulmonary function, musculoskeletal and vascular pathologies. However, its uniform implementation is limited across the US healthcare system due to multitudes of barriers such as lack of training, resource scarcity, and low reimbursement. Training primary care physicians in general and emergency care providers, in particular, is key to scaleup POCUS use. Large size studies are paramount to further explore the effectiveness of POCUS and identify key challenges to its implementation.
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Development of a Point-of-Care Ultrasound Track for Internal Medicine Residents. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:2308-2313. [PMID: 35713808 PMCID: PMC9205286 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) training has been increasing among internal medicine (IM) residency programs, but few programs can provide longitudinal training due to barriers such as lack of trained faculty. AIM Describe the development of a longitudinal POCUS track for IM residents using local and external resources, including a national POCUS certificate program. SETTING University-based IM residency program affiliated with a public and veterans affairs hospital. PARTICIPANTS Twelve IM residents from 2018 to 2021. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION Residents complete a national POCUS certificate program by attending live courses and completing online modules, an image portfolio, and final knowledge/skills assessments. Locally, residents participate in 1-month procedure and diagnostic POCUS rotations and provide peer-to-peer POCUS teaching of residents and medical students. PROGRAM EVALUATION The POCUS track increased residents' use and comfort with diagnostic and procedural applications. All residents rated being satisfied or very satisfied with the track and would recommend it to prospective applicants (100%). The most commonly reported barriers to utilizing POCUS per residents were time constraints (83%), lack of available ultrasound equipment (83%), and lack of trained faculty (58%). DISCUSSION IM residency programs with limited faculty expertise in POCUS can leverage external resources to provide longitudinal POCUS training to its residents.
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Chen WT, Kang YN, Wang TC, Lin CW, Cheng CY, Suk FM, Hsu CW, Huang SK, Huang WC. Does ultrasound education improve anatomy learning? Effects of the Parallel Ultrasound Hands-on (PUSH) undergraduate medicine course. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:207. [PMID: 35346161 PMCID: PMC8962240 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As ultrasound has become increasingly prominent in medicine, portable ultrasound is perceived as the visual stethoscope of the twenty-first century. Many studies have shown that exposing preclinical students to ultrasound training can increase their motivation and ultrasound competency. However, few studies have discussed the effect of ultrasound training on anatomy learning. METHOD The Parallel Ultrasound Hands-on (PUSH) course was designed to investigate whether or not ultrasonography training affects anatomy knowledge acquisition. The PUSH course included anatomical structures located in the chest and abdomen (target anatomy) and was conducted in parallel to the compulsory gross anatomy course. Learners (n = 140) voluntarily participated in this elective course (learners in the course before the midterm examination (Group 1, n = 69), or after the midterm examination (Group 2, n = 71)). Anatomy examination scores (written and laboratory tests) were utilized to compare the effects of the PUSH course. RESULT Group 1 obtained significantly higher written test scores on the midterm examination (mean difference [MD] = 1.5(7.6%), P = 0.014, Cohen's d = 0.43). There was no significant difference in the final examination scores between the two groups (Written Test: MD = 0.3(1.6%), P = 0.472). In Laboratory test, both mid-term (MD:0.7(2.8%), P = 0.308) and final examination (MD:0.3(1.5%), P = 0.592) showed no significant difference between two groups. Students provided positive feedback in overall learning self-efficacy after the PUSH course (Mean = 3.68, SD = ±0.56 on a 5-point Likert scale). Learning self-efficacy in the cognitive domain was significantly higher than that in the affective domain (MD = 0.58; P < 0.001) and psychomotor domain (MD = 0.12; P = 0.011). CONCLUSION The PUSH course featured a hands-on learning design that empowered medical students to improve their anatomy learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chen
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd, Taipei City, 11696, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-No Kang
- Department of Education and Humanities in Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Education, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center at Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Cheng Wang
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd, Taipei City, 11696, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Lin
- Department of Education and Humanities in Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Education, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Center for Education in Medical Simulation, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fat-Moon Suk
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wang Hsu
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd, Taipei City, 11696, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sha-Ku Huang
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Sanmin, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd, Taipei City, 11696, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Department of Education and Humanities in Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Department of Education, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Center for Education in Medical Simulation, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Buesing J, Weng Y, Kugler J, Wang L, Blaha O, Hom J, Ahuja N, Kumar A. Handheld Ultrasound Device Usage and Image Acquisition Ability Among Internal Medicine Trainees: A Randomized Trial. J Grad Med Educ 2021; 13:76-82. [PMID: 33680304 PMCID: PMC7901629 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-20-00355.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is insufficient knowledge about how personal access to handheld ultrasound devices (HUDs) improves trainee learning with point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). OBJECTIVE To assess whether HUDs, alongside a yearlong lecture series, improved trainee POCUS usage and ability to acquire images. METHODS Internal medicine intern physicians (n = 47) at a single institution from 2017 to 2018 were randomized 1:1 to receive personal HUDs (n = 24) for patient care/self-directed learning vs no-HUDs (n = 23). All interns received a repeated lecture series on cardiac, thoracic, and abdominal POCUS. Main outcome measures included self-reported HUD usage rates and post-intervention assessment scores using the Rapid Assessment of Competency in Echocardiography (RACE) scale between HUD and no-HUD groups. RESULTS HUD interns reported performing POCUS assessments on patients a mean 6.8 (SD 2.2) times per week vs 6.4 (SD 2.9) times per week in non-HUD arm (P = .66). There was no relationship between the number of self-reported examinations per week and a trainee's post-intervention RACE score (rho = 0.022, P = .95). HUD interns did not have significantly higher post-intervention RACE scores (median HUD score 17.0 vs no-HUD score 17.8; P = .72). Trainee confidence with cardiac POCUS did not correlate with RACE scores. CONCLUSIONS Personal HUDs without direct supervision did not increase the amount of POCUS usage or improve interns' acquisition abilities. Interns who reported performing more examinations per week did not have higher RACE scores. Improved HUD access and lectures without additional feedback may not improve POCUS mastery.
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Haghighat L, Israel H, Jordan E, Bernstein EL, Varghese M, Cherry BM, Van Tonder R, Honiden S, Liu R, Sankey C. Development and Evaluation of Resident-Championed Point-of-Care Ultrasound Curriculum for Internal Medicine Residents. POCUS JOURNAL 2021; 6:103-108. [PMID: 36895666 PMCID: PMC9983722 DOI: 10.24908/pocus.v6i2.15194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a powerful clinical tool that has seen widespread adoption, including in Internal Medicine (IM), yet standardized curricula designed by trained faculty are scant. To address the demand for POCUS education at our institution, we created a resident-championed curriculum with support from skilled faculty across multiple specialties. Our objective was to teach postgraduate year (PGY)-3 IM residents the basics of POCUS for evaluation of the pulmonary, cardiac, and abdominal systems through resident-developed workshops. The goal of acquisition of these skills was for resident education and to inform decisions to pursue further patient testing. Methods: Three half-day workshops were created to teach residents how to obtain and interpret ultrasound images of the pulmonary, cardiac, and abdominal systems. Workshops were comprised of didactic teaching and practical ultrasound instruction with expert supervision of clinicians within and outside of IM. Residents were asked to complete a written survey before and after each workshop to assess confidence, knowledge, and likelihood of future POCUS use. Results: Across the three workshops (pulmonary, cardiac, and abdominal), 66 sets of pre- and post-workshop surveys (32 pulmonary, 25 cardiac, and 9 abdominal) were obtained and analyzed. Confidence in and knowledge regarding POCUS use increased significantly across all three workshops. Likelihood of future use increased in the cardiac workshop. Conclusions: We implemented a resident-championed POCUS curriculum that led to improved attitudes and increased knowledge of POCUS for PGY-3 IM residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Haghighat
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, California USA
| | - Hayley Israel
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - Eric Jordan
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - Ethan L Bernstein
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - Merilyn Varghese
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Benjamin M Cherry
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut USA.,VA Connecticut Health System West Haven Campus West Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - Reinier Van Tonder
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - Shyoko Honiden
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - Rachel Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - Christopher Sankey
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut USA
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Hammadah M, Ponce C, Sorajja P, Cavalcante JL, Garcia S, Gössl M. Point-of-care ultrasound: Closing guideline gaps in screening for valvular heart disease. Clin Cardiol 2020; 43:1368-1375. [PMID: 33174635 PMCID: PMC7724242 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A linear increase in the number of valvular heart disease is expected due to the aging population, yet most patients with severe valvular heart disease remain undiagnosed. HYPOTHESIS POCUS can serve as a screening tool for valvular heart disease. METHODS We reviewed the literature to assess the strengths and limitations of POCUS in screening and diagnosing valvular heart disease. RESULTS POCUS is an accurate, affordable, accessible, and comprehensive tool. It has a fast learning curve and can prevent unnecessary and more expensive imaging. Challenges include training availability, lack of simplified screening protocols, and reimbursement. Large scale valvular screening data utilizing POCUS is not available. CONCLUSION POCUS can serve as a screening tool and guide the management of patients with valvular heart disease. More data is needed about its efficacy and cost-effectiveness in the screening of patients with valvular heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hammadah
- Interventional Cardiology DepartmentMinneapolis Heart instituteMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Christopher Ponce
- Interventional Cardiology DepartmentMinneapolis Heart instituteMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Paul Sorajja
- Interventional Cardiology DepartmentMinneapolis Heart instituteMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - João L. Cavalcante
- Interventional Cardiology DepartmentMinneapolis Heart instituteMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Santiago Garcia
- Interventional Cardiology DepartmentMinneapolis Heart instituteMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Mario Gössl
- Interventional Cardiology DepartmentMinneapolis Heart instituteMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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Kumar A, Weng Y, Wang L, Bentley J, Almli M, Hom J, Witteles R, Ahuja N, Kugler J. Portable Ultrasound Device Usage and Learning Outcomes Among Internal Medicine Trainees: A Parallel-Group Randomized Trial. J Hosp Med 2020; 15:e1-e6. [PMID: 32118565 DOI: 10.12788/jhm.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how to effectively train residents with point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) despite increasing usage. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess whether handheld ultrasound devices (HUDs), alongside a year-long lecture series, improved trainee image interpretation skills with POCUS. METHODS Internal medicine intern physicians (N = 149) at a single academic institution from 2016 to 2018 participated in the study. The 2017 interns (n = 47) were randomized 1:1 to receive personal HUDs (n = 24) for patient care vs no-HUDs (n = 23). All 2017 interns received a repeated lecture series regarding cardiac, thoracic, and abdominal POCUS. Interns were assessed on their ability to interpret POCUS images of normal/abnormal findings. The primary outcome was the difference in end-of-the-year assessment scores between interns randomized to receive HUDs vs not. Secondary outcomes included trainee scores after repeating lectures and confidence with POCUS. Intern scores were also compared with historical (2016, N = 50) and contemporaneous (2018, N = 52) controls who received no lectures. RESULTS Interns randomized to HUDs did not have significantly higher image interpretation scores (median HUD score: 0.84 vs no-HUD score: 0.84; P = .86). However, HUD interns felt more confident in their abilities. The 2017 cohort had higher scores (median 0.84), compared with the 2016 historical control (median 0.71; P = .001) and 2018 contemporaneous control (median 0.48; P < .001). Assessment scores improved after first-time exposure to the lecture series, while repeated lectures did not improve scores. CONCLUSIONS Despite feeling more confident, personalized HUDs did not improve interns' POCUS-related knowledge or interpretive ability. Repeated lecture exposure without further opportunities for deliberate practice may not be beneficial for mastering POCUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yingjie Weng
- Quantitative Science Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jason Bentley
- Quantitative Science Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Marta Almli
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jason Hom
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ronald Witteles
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Neera Ahuja
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - John Kugler
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Frank MG, Pierce C, Northcutt N, Keach JW, Salame G, Allyn R. The Master Clinician's Elective: Integrating Evidence-Based Physical Examination and Point of Care Ultrasonography in Modern Clinical Medicine. POCUS JOURNAL 2020; 5:13-19. [PMID: 36895859 PMCID: PMC9979949 DOI: 10.24908/pocus.v5i1.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Many internal medicine residency programs have incorporated ultrasonography into their curriculum; however, its integration with physical examination skills teaching at a graduate medical level is scarce. The program's aim is to create a reproducible elective that combines physical exam and bedside ultrasound as a method for augmenting residents' knowledge and competence in these techniques with the ultimate goal of improving patient care. Methods: We designed and implemented a two-week elective rotation for senior internal medicine residents, combining evidence-based physical examination with diagnostic bedside ultrasonography. The rotation took place in an inpatient setting at Denver Health Hospital. Program evaluation data was collected data between February 2016 to March 2019. IRB approval was waived. Results: Since its inception in 2016, 19 residents completed the rotation. Residents performed a pre-test and a post-test under direct observation by course faculty. Each resident was measured on the ability to perform pre-determined physical exam and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) skills. In the pre-test, participants correctly performed an average of 40% of expected physical exam maneuvers and 32% of expected POCUS skills. At elective conclusion, all participants were effectively able to demonstrate the highest yield physical exam and ultrasound maneuvers. Discussion and Conclusion: An elective designed specifically to integrate POCUS and physical exam modalities improves the ability of resident physicians to utilize both diagnostic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriela Frank
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital Authority Denver, CO.,University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO
| | - Cason Pierce
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital Authority Denver, CO.,University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO
| | - Noelle Northcutt
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital Authority Denver, CO.,University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO
| | - Joseph Walker Keach
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital Authority Denver, CO.,University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO
| | - Gerard Salame
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital Authority Denver, CO.,University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO
| | - Rebecca Allyn
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital Authority Denver, CO.,University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO
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Sanders JA, Navas-Blanco JR, Yeldo NS, Han X, Guruswamy J, Williams DV. Incorporating Perioperative Point-of-Care Ultrasound as Part of the Anesthesia Residency Curriculum. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:2414-2418. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Elhassan M, Gandhi KD, Sandhu C, Hashmi M, Bahl S. Internal medicine residents' point-of-care ultrasound skills and need assessment and the role of medical school training. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2019; 10:379-386. [PMID: 31213943 PMCID: PMC6549795 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s198536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Point-of-care-ultrasound (POCUS) as a useful bedside tool is growing. Few studies have examined residents' attitude towards POCUS or compared POCUS image interpretation skills between residents with and without POCUS training in medical school. Material and Methods: We distributed an anonymous survey and image interpretation test to assess residents' attitude towards POCUS, confidence, and skills in interpreting POCUS images and videos. Using independent samples t-tests, we compared mean confidence levels and test scores between residents with and without prior POCUS training. Results: Fifty-two residents responded to survey (response rate 68%) and 59 took the image interpretation test (77%). Most residents (90%) reported being interested in POCUS. Residents with prior POCUS training (n=13) were either PGY-1 (9) or PGY-2 (4). No PGY-3 resident had prior training. Most residents (83%) thought POCUS could be extremely useful in the inpatient setting compared to 29% for outpatient setting. PGY-1 residents with prior training had a higher mean confidence level than PGY-1 residents without prior training, but the difference was not statistically significant (3.26 vs 2.64; p=0.08). PGY-1 with prior training had a mean confidence level that was close to that of PGY-3 residents. PGY-1 residents with prior training scored significantly higher than PGY-1 residents without prior training in image interpretation test (10.25 vs 7; p=0.01). Residents felt most confident in interpreting inferior vena cava images (mean 3.7; max. 5), which also had the highest score in image interpretation test (correct response rate of 88%). Conclusion: Our residents seem very interested in POCUS. PGY-1 residents with prior POCUS training in medical school seem to have higher confidence in their POCUS skills than PGY-1 residents without prior training and outperformed them in image interpretation test. The study is very instructive in building our future POCUS curriculum for residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elhassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, UCSF Fresno Medical Education Program, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Kevin D Gandhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, UCSF Fresno Medical Education Program, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Charnjeet Sandhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, UCSF Fresno Medical Education Program, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Hashmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, UCSF Fresno Medical Education Program, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Sameer Bahl
- Department of Internal Medicine, UCSF Fresno Medical Education Program, Fresno, CA, USA
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14
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Enhancement of Musculoskeletal Radiology Resident Education with the Use of an Individual Smart Portable Ultrasound Device (iSPUD). Acad Radiol 2018; 25:1659-1666. [PMID: 30064918 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Many medical specialties have incorporated portable ultrasound into their educational curriculum. Our objective was to determine the utility of an individual smart portable ultrasound device (iSPUD) as an educational tool in resident and fellowship Musculoskeletal Radiology training. MATERIALS AND METHODS After Institutional Review Board approval, volunteer radiology trainees were instructed to use the iSPUD (Philips Lumify ultrasound probe and Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 8 inch tablet), asked to identify 10 wrist structures with the iSPUD and completed a Likert scale-based, pretest survey. Trainees were then given the iSPUD for 3 days of independent scanning practice. Afterward, trainees were asked to identify the same 10 wrist structures with the iSPUD and to complete a Likert scale-based, post-test survey. RESULTS Twenty trainees volunteered to participate. Trainee performance on the 10-wrist structure identification test with the iSPUD resulted in a pretest mean number correct of 2.5 ± 2.16 and a post-test mean number correct of 9.85 ± 0.37 (p < 0.001). On the pretest survey, 68.42% (13/20) had never performed and 42.11% (8/20) had never interpreted a musculoskeletal ultrasound. On the post-test survey, 18/20 (94.74%) strongly agreed that access to an iSPUD would improve their ability to perform musculoskeletal ultrasound, improve ultrasound-guided interventional skills, and help them become better Radiologists. CONCLUSION The use of an iSPUD as a tool in Musculoskeletal Radiology resident and fellow education can improve clinical ultrasound skills, build trainee technical confidence during diagnostic ultrasound procedures, and help trainees achieve their goal of becoming a competent Radiologist.
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Key Words
- Abbreviations List: ECRB, extensor carpi radialis brevis
- ECRL, extensor carpi radialis longus
- EPL, extensor pollicis longus
- FPL, flexor pollicis longus
- MSK, musculoskeletal
- PGY, postgraduate year
- SLL, scapholunate ligament
- UA, ulnar artery
- US, ultrasound
- iSPUD, individual smart portable ultrasound
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Cochard E, Fulkerson Z, Carlos WG. Implementation of a point-of-care ultrasound skills practicum for hospitalists. ULTRASOUND : JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ULTRASOUND SOCIETY 2018; 27:38-44. [PMID: 30774697 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x18791317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Point-of-care ultrasound is recognized as a safe and valuable diagnostic tool for patient evaluation. Hospitalists are prime candidates for advancing the point-of-care ultrasound field given their crucial role in inpatient medicine. Despite this, there is a notable lack of evidence-based ultrasound training for hospitalists. Most research focuses on diagnostic accuracy rather than the training required to achieve it. This study aims to improve hospitalists' point-of-care ultrasound knowledge and skills through a hands-on skills practicum. Methods Four skill practicums were conducted with pre-course, post-course, and six-month evaluations and knowledge assessments. Results The mean pre- vs. post-course knowledge assessment scores significantly improved, 41.7% vs. 75.9% (SD 16.1% and 12.7%, respectively, p < 0.0001). The mean ultrasound skills confidence ratings on a 10-point Likert scale significantly increased post-course (2.60 ± 1.66 vs. 6.33 ± 1.63, p < 0.0001), but decreased at six months (6.33 ± 1.63 vs. 4.10 ± 2.22, p < 0.0001). The greatest limitations to usage pre-course and at six months were knowledge/skills and lack of machine access. While knowledge/skills decreased from pre-course (82.0%) as compared to six-months (64.3%), lack of machine access increased from pre-course (15.8%) to six-months (28.6%) (p = 0.28). Conclusion Hospitalists agree that point-of-care ultrasound has utility in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients, though the lack of training is a significant limitation. Our study demonstrated that a brief skills practicum significantly improves hospitalists' confidence and knowledge regarding ultrasound image acquisition and interpretation in the short term. Long-term confidence and usage wanes, which appears to be due to the lack of machine access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cochard
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zachary Fulkerson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - W Graham Carlos
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Ma IWY, Cogliati C, Bosch FH, Tonelli de Oliveira AC, Arienti V, Blans MJ, Chan B, Bhagra A. Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Internal Medicine: An International Perspective. South Med J 2018; 111:439-443. [DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Anstey JE, Jensen TP, Afshar N. Point-of-Care Ultrasound Needs Assessment, Curriculum Design, and Curriculum Assessment in a Large Academic Internal Medicine Residency Program. South Med J 2018; 111:444-448. [DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Eroglu O, Coskun F. Medical students' knowledge of ultrasonography: effects of a simulation-based ultrasound training program. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 30:122. [PMID: 30374368 PMCID: PMC6201616 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.122.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of simulation devices in medical education is becoming more prevalent with each passing day. The present study aimed to teach medical students to perform ultrasonography via a simulation-based ultrasound training program. Methods The study was prospectively conducted on final year medical students who had not received previous ultrasound training and who came to the Emergency Department of the Kirikkale University Faculty of Medicine between July 2015 and July 2016. Ultrasound training was provided by two emergency department specialists who are qualified in this field. The training time was determined to be 20h (4h for theoretical lessons, 16h for hands-on). The students were evaluated by a theory test and practical application exam both before and after training. Results Obtained were compared using the paired sample t-test, and p < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Ninety-six final year medical students were included. Their mean age was 24.1 ± 2.1 years. The mean test score obtained in the theoretical exam before training was 7.9 ± 2.2, while that after training was 17.1 ± 1.6 (p < 0.0001). The mean score obtained in the practical application exam before training was 1.1 ± 0.9 points and that after training was 10.9 ± 0.2 points (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Medical students can learn to use an ultrasound device within a short period of time via simulation-based training programs. New studies must be conducted for the inclusion of ultrasound training programs in the medical education curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Eroglu
- Kirikkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Figen Coskun
- Kirikkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
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19
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Snelling PJ, Tessaro M. Paediatric emergency medicine point-of-care ultrasound: Fundamental or fad? Emerg Med Australas 2017; 29:486-489. [PMID: 28845599 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Snelling
- Emergency Department, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Tessaro
- Emergency Department, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Bornemann P. Assessment of a Novel Point-of-Care Ultrasound Curriculum's Effect on Competency Measures in Family Medicine Graduate Medical Education. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2017; 36:1205-1211. [PMID: 28206672 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.16.05002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Point-of-care ultrasound has been shown to decrease the use of expensive diagnostic studies and improve quality outcome measures. Currently, there is a large desire for training in family medicine residencies, but very few programs have established curricula. We sought to develop a family medicine residency curriculum and evaluate it with tools we developed. We wanted our curriculum to be easy to adopt by other residency programs, even if they did not have many well-trained ultrasound faculty. METHODS We developed a curriculum in the form of a 4-week rotation in a family medicine residency program. It consisted of self-study videos, hands-on training, and image review. We followed residents in postgraduate years 1 to 3 over a 12-month period. We developed tools, including a knowledge exam, to test image interpretation and clinical decision making, an observed structured clinical exam to assess scanning skills, and a survey to assess perceptions of point-of-care ultrasound in family medicine. The assessments were administered before and after each resident's rotation. RESULTS Seventeen residents completed the rotation. The average knowledge test score improved significantly, from 62 to 84%. The average observed structured clinical exam scores also improved significantly, from 41 to 85%. The average perception survey scores improved slightly from 4.4 to 4.6. CONCLUSIONS We developed a point-of-care ultrasound curriculum for family medicine residency programs that improves measures of resident attitude, skills, and knowledge. This curriculum can be adopted by residency programs with few faculty members who are experienced in ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bornemann
- Palmetto Health Family Medicine Residency, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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So S, Patel RM, Orebaugh SL. Ultrasound imaging in medical student education: Impact on learning anatomy and physical diagnosis. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2017; 10:176-189. [PMID: 27286419 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound use has expanded dramatically among the medical specialties for diagnostic and interventional purposes, due to its affordability, portability, and practicality. This imaging modality, which permits real-time visualization of anatomic structures and relationships in vivo, holds potential for pre-clinical instruction of students in anatomy and physical diagnosis, as well as providing a bridge to the eventual use of bedside ultrasound by clinicians to assess patients and guide invasive procedures. In many studies, but not all, improved understanding of anatomy has been demonstrated, and in others, improved accuracy in selected aspects of physical diagnosis is evident. Most students have expressed a highly favorable impression of this technology for anatomy education when surveyed. Logistic issues or obstacles to the integration of ultrasound imaging into anatomy teaching appear to be readily overcome. The enthusiasm of students and anatomists for teaching with ultrasound has led to widespread implementation of ultrasound-based teaching initiatives in medical schools the world over, including some with integration throughout the entire curriculum; a trend that likely will continue to grow. Anat Sci Educ 10: 176-189. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokpoleak So
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rita M Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven L Orebaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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22
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Sabath BF, Singh G. Point-of-care ultrasonography as a training milestone for internal medicine residents: the time is now. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2016; 6:33094. [PMID: 27802866 PMCID: PMC5089158 DOI: 10.3402/jchimp.v6.33094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) ultrasonography is considered fundamental in emergency medicine training and recently has become a milestone in critical care fellowship programs as well. Currently, there is no such standard requirement for internal medicine residency programs in the United States. We present a new case and briefly review another case at our institution – a community hospital – in which internal medicine house staff trained in ultrasonography were able to uncover unexpected and critical diagnoses that significantly changed patient care and outcomes. We also review the growing evidence of the application of ultrasound in the diagnosis of a myriad of conditions encountered in general internal medicine as well as the mounting data on the ability of internal medicine residents to apply this technology accurately at the bedside. We advocate that the literature has sufficiently established the role of POC ultrasonography in general internal medicine that there should no longer be any delay in giving this an official place in the development of internal medicine trainees. This may be particularly useful in the community hospital setting where 24-h echocardiography or other sonography may not be readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce F Sabath
- Department of Medicine, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; @gbmc.org
| | - Gurkeerat Singh
- Department of Medicine, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Clay RD, Lee EC, Kurtzman MF, Dversdal RK. Teaching the internist to see: effectiveness of a 1-day workshop in bedside ultrasound for internal medicine residents. Crit Ultrasound J 2016; 8:11. [PMID: 27515967 PMCID: PMC4980845 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-016-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence supports the use of bedside ultrasound for core Internal Medicine procedures and increasingly as augmentation of the physical exam. The literature also supports that trainees, both medical students and residents, can acquire these skills. However, there is no consensus on training approach. Aim To implement and study the effectiveness of a high-yield and expedited curriculum to train internal medicine interns to use bedside ultrasound for physical examination and procedures. Setting The study was conducted at a metropolitan, academic medical center and included 33 Internal Medicine interns. Program description This was a prospective cohort study of a new educational intervention consisting of a single-day intensive bedside ultrasound workshop followed by two optional hour-long workshops later in the year. The investigation was conducted at Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, Oregon. The intensive day consisted of alternating didactic sessions with small group hands-on ultrasound practice sessions and ultrasound simulations. A 30-question assessment was used to assess ultrasound interpretation knowledge prior to, immediately post, and 6 months post intervention. Results Thirty-three interns served as their own historical controls. Assessment performance significantly increased after the intervention from a mean pre-test score of 18.3 (60.9 % correct) to a mean post-test score 25.5 (85.0 % correct), P value of <0.0001. This performance remained significantly better at 6 months with a mean score of 23.8 (79.3 % correct), P value <0.0001. There was significant knowledge attrition compared to the immediate post-assessment, P value 0.0099. Conclusions A single-day ultrasound training session followed by two optional noon conference sessions yielded significantly improved ultrasound interpretation skills in internal medicine interns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Clay
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.,Mayo Clinic Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Marc F Kurtzman
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Renee K Dversdal
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, OP-30, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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