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Kim BH, Lee H, Ham H, Kim HJ, Jang H, Kim JP, Park YH, Kim M, Seo SW. Clinical effects of novel susceptibility genes for beta-amyloid: a gene-based association study in the Korean population. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1278998. [PMID: 37901794 PMCID: PMC10602697 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1278998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to identify genes related to Aβ uptake in the Korean population and investigate the effects of these novel genes on clinical outcomes, including neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. We recruited a total of 759 Korean participants who underwent neuropsychological tests, brain magnetic resonance imaging, 18F-flutemetamol positron emission tomography, and microarray genotyping data. We performed gene-based association analysis, and also performed expression quantitative trait loci and network analysis. In genome-wide association studies, no single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) passed the genome-wide significance threshold. In gene-based association analysis, six genes (LCMT1, SCRN2, LRRC46, MRPL10, SP6, and OSBPL7) were significantly associated with Aβ standardised uptake value ratio in the brain. The three most significant SNPs (rs4787307, rs9903904, and rs11079797) on these genes are associated with the regulation of the LCMT1, OSBPL7, and SCRN2 genes, respectively. These SNPs are involved in decreasing hippocampal volume and cognitive scores by mediating Aβ uptake. The 19 enriched gene sets identified by pathway analysis included axon and chemokine activity. Our findings suggest novel susceptibility genes associated with the uptake of Aβ, which in turn leads to worse clinical outcomes. Our findings might lead to the discovery of new AD treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hyun Kim
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunWoo Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongki Ham
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Pyo Kim
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Hyun Park
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mansu Kim
- Artificial Intelligence Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Khandia R, Pandey MK, Zaki MEA, Al-Hussain SA, Baklanov I, Gurjar P. Application of codon usage and context analysis in genes up- or down-regulated in neurodegeneration and cancer to combat comorbidities. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1200523. [PMID: 37383425 PMCID: PMC10293642 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1200523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neurodegeneration and cancer present in comorbidities with inverse effects due to the expression of genes and pathways acting in opposition. Identifying and studying the genes simultaneously up or downregulated during morbidities helps curb both ailments together. Methods This study examines four genes. Three of these (Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein (APP), Cyclin D1 (CCND1), and Cyclin E2 (CCNE2) are upregulated, and one protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator (PTPA) is simultaneously downregulated in both disorders. We investigated molecular patterns, codon usage, codon usage bias, nucleotide bias in the third codon position, preferred codons, preferred codon pairs, rare codons, and codon context. Results Parity analysis revealed that T is preferred over A, and G is preferred over C in the third codon position, suggesting composition plays no role in nucleotide bias in both the upregulated and downregulated gene sets and that mutational forces are stronger in upregulated gene sets than in downregulated ones. Transcript length influenced the overall %A composition and codon bias, and the codon AGG exerted the strongest influence on codon usage in both the upregulated and downregulated gene sets. Codons ending in G/C were preferred for 16 amino acids, and glutamic acid-, aspartic acid-, leucine-, valine-, and phenylalanine-initiated codon pairs were preferred in all genes. Codons CTA (Leu), GTA (Val), CAA (Gln), and CGT (Arg) were underrepresented in all examined genes. Discussion Using advanced gene editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas or any other gene augmentation technique, these recoded genes may be introduced into the human body to optimize gene expression levels to augment neurodegeneration and cancer therapeutic regimens simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Megha Katare Pandey
- Translational Medicine Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Igor Baklanov
- Department of Philosophy, North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol, Russia
| | - Pankaj Gurjar
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
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Whole Blood Transcriptome Characterization of 3xTg-AD Mouse and Its Modulation by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147629. [PMID: 34299250 PMCID: PMC8306644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3xTg-AD mouse is a widely used model in the study of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). It has been extensively characterized from both the anatomical and behavioral point of view, but poorly studied at the transcriptomic level. For the first time, we characterize the whole blood transcriptome of the 3xTg-AD mouse at three and six months of age and evaluate how its gene expression is modulated by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). RNA-seq analysis revealed 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that represent a direct signature of the genetic background of the mouse. Moreover, in the 6-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, we observed a high number of DEGs that could represent good peripheral biomarkers of AD symptomatology onset. Finally, tDCS was associated with gene expression changes in the 3xTg-AD, but not in the control mice. In conclusion, this study provides an in-depth molecular characterization of the 3xTg-AD mouse and suggests that blood gene expression can be used to identify new biomarkers of AD progression and treatment effects.
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Lim KH, Kim SH, Yang S, Chun S, Joo JY. Advances in multiplex PCR for Alzheimer's disease diagnostics targeting CDK genes. Neurosci Lett 2021; 749:135715. [PMID: 33600906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that lacks biomarkers for diagnosis. Biomarkers for accurate detection of AD are required for potential therapeutic approaches. Recent studies in mammalian cells have demonstrated an association between the expression of cell cycle proteins and AD occurrence. Therefore, we aimed to identify a potent biomarker among relevant cell cycle-regulating proteins such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) for the diagnosis of AD. We also developed a multiplex-PCR-based diagnostic method, which showed the rapid and accurate detection of AD biomarkers. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) results showed increased gene expression of CDKs in an AD mouse model. Based on genomic analysis, our multiplex-PCR method, which contained optimized primer sets and PCR conditions targeting genes of CDKs, accurately matched RT-PCR results in the AD mouse model. Interestingly, validation by in silico meta-analysis for the expression of each CDK gene showed significant expression in moderate and severe groups of AD patients. Accordingly, clinical applications relying on the diagnosis of AD using our results may shed light on AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Key-Hwan Lim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sumin Yang
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungkun Chun
- Department of Physiology, Jeonbuk National University Medicine School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Yuan Q, Zhang S, Li J, Xiao J, Li X, Yang J, Lu D, Wang Y. Comprehensive analysis of core genes and key pathways in Parkinson's disease. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5630-5639. [PMID: 33042444 PMCID: PMC7540129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that occurs mostly in middle-aged and older adults. Its main pathological feature is the progressive death of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. As the world's population ages, the number of PD patients is increasing. In this study, we explored the relationship between PD and the cell cycle. In this study, we collected two independent PD transcriptomic datasets, GSE54536 and GSE6613, from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify dysregulated pathways in PD samples. Gene expression was verified by qPCR in PD patients. Nineteen pathways were negatively enriched in both the GSE54536 and GSE6613 datasets. Seven of these 19 pathways were cell cycle-related pathways, including the M/G1 transition, S phase, G1/S transition, mitotic G1-G1/S phases, CDT1 association with the CDC6 ORC origin complex, cell cycle checkpoints and synthesis of DNA. Next, we found that eight genes (PSMA4, PSMB1, PSMC5, PSMD11, MCM4, RPA1, POLE, and PSME4) were mainly enriched in the GSE54536 and GSE6613 datasets. In GSE54536, PSMA4, PSMB1, PSMC5, and PSME4 could significantly predict the occurrence of PD, whereas, in GSE6613, RPA1 and PSME4 could significantly predict the occurrence of PD. Only PSME4 showed significant results in both datasets. Finally, we assessed blood samples from PD patients and controls. Compared with the control samples, the PD samples had lower mRNA levels of PSME4. In summary,these findings can significantly enhance our understanding of the causes and potential molecular mechanisms of PD; the cell cycle signaling pathways and PSME4 may be therapeutic targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430063, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450014, China
| | - Simiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450014, China
| | - Jingna Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450014, China
| | - Jianhao Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghai 201399, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central HospitalZhengzhou 450014, China
| | - Jingmin Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research InstitueChongqing 400020, China
| | - Daru Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research InstitueChongqing 400020, China
| | - Yunliang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450014, China
- Department of Neurology, The 960th Hospital of Chinese PLAZibo 255300, China
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6
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Joseph C, Mangani AS, Gupta V, Chitranshi N, Shen T, Dheer Y, Kb D, Mirzaei M, You Y, Graham SL, Gupta V. Cell Cycle Deficits in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Uncovering Molecular Mechanisms to Drive Innovative Therapeutic Development. Aging Dis 2020; 11:946-966. [PMID: 32765956 PMCID: PMC7390532 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Specialised function obligates neuronal cells to subsist in a quiescent state of cell cycle once differentiated and therefore the circumstances and mechanisms underlying aberrant cell cycle activation in post-mitotic neurons in physiological and disease conditions remains an intriguing area of research. There is a strict requirement of concurrence to cell cycle regulation for neurons to ensure intracellular biochemical conformity as well as interrelationship with other cells within neural tissues. This review deliberates on various mechanisms underlying cell cycle regulation in neuronal cells and underscores potential implications of their non-compliance in neural pathology. Recent research suggests that successful duplication of genetic material without subsequent induction of mitosis induces inherent molecular flaws that eventually assert as apoptotic changes. The consequences of anomalous cell cycle activation and subsequent apoptosis are demonstrated by the increased presence of molecular stress response and apoptotic markers. This review delineates cell cycle events under normal physiological conditions and deficits amalgamated by alterations in protein levels and signalling pathways associated with cell-division are analysed. Cell cycle regulators essentially, cyclins, CDKs, cip/kip family of inhibitors, caspases, bax and p53 have been identified to be involved in impaired cell cycle regulation and associated with neural pathology. The pharmacological modulators of cell cycle that are shown to impart protection in various animal models of neurological deficits are summarised. Greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are indispensable to cell cycle regulation in neurons in health and disease conditions will facilitate targeted drug development for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Joseph
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | | | - Veer Gupta
- 2School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ting Shen
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yogita Dheer
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Devaraj Kb
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- 3Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.,4Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.,4Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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7
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Fernández-Martínez JL, Álvarez-Machancoses Ó, deAndrés-Galiana EJ, Bea G, Kloczkowski A. Robust Sampling of Defective Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease. Implications in Drug Repositioning. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103594. [PMID: 32438758 PMCID: PMC7279419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the analysis of the defective genetic pathways of the Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease (LOAD) compared to the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Healthy Controls (HC) using different sampling methodologies. These algorithms sample the uncertainty space that is intrinsic to any kind of highly underdetermined phenotype prediction problem, by looking for the minimum-scale signatures (header genes) corresponding to different random holdouts. The biological pathways can be identified performing posterior analysis of these signatures established via cross-validation holdouts and plugging the set of most frequently sampled genes into different ontological platforms. That way, the effect of helper genes, whose presence might be due to the high degree of under determinacy of these experiments and data noise, is reduced. Our results suggest that common pathways for Alzheimer’s disease and MCI are mainly related to viral mRNA translation, influenza viral RNA transcription and replication, gene expression, mitochondrial translation, and metabolism, with these results being highly consistent regardless of the comparative methods. The cross-validated predictive accuracies achieved for the LOAD and MCI discriminations were 84% and 81.5%, respectively. The difference between LOAD and MCI could not be clearly established (74% accuracy). The most discriminatory genes of the LOAD-MCI discrimination are associated with proteasome mediated degradation and G-protein signaling. Based on these findings we have also performed drug repositioning using Dr. Insight package, proposing the following different typologies of drugs: isoquinoline alkaloids, antitumor antibiotics, phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K, autophagy inhibitors, antagonists of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and histone deacetylase inhibitors. We believe that the potential clinical relevance of these findings should be further investigated and confirmed with other independent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Fernández-Martínez
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca, 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; (Ó.Á.-M.); (E.J.d.-G.); (G.B.)
- DeepBioInsights, C/Federico García Lorca, 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Óscar Álvarez-Machancoses
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca, 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; (Ó.Á.-M.); (E.J.d.-G.); (G.B.)
- DeepBioInsights, C/Federico García Lorca, 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique J. deAndrés-Galiana
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca, 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; (Ó.Á.-M.); (E.J.d.-G.); (G.B.)
- Department of Informatics and Computer Science, University of Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca, 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guillermina Bea
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca, 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; (Ó.Á.-M.); (E.J.d.-G.); (G.B.)
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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8
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Nudelman KNH, McDonald BC, Lahiri DK, Saykin AJ. Biological Hallmarks of Cancer in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7173-7187. [PMID: 30993533 PMCID: PMC6728183 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an international health research priority for our aging population, little therapeutic progress has been made. This lack of progress may be partially attributable to disease heterogeneity. Previous studies have identified an inverse association of cancer and AD, suggesting that cancer history may be one source of AD heterogeneity. These findings are particularly interesting in light of the number of common risk factors and two-hit models hypothesized to commonly drive both diseases. We reviewed the ten hallmark biological alterations of cancer cells to investigate overlap with the AD literature and identified overlap of all ten hallmarks in AD, including (1) potentially common underlying risk factors, such as increased inflammation, deregulated cellular energetics, and genome instability; (2) inversely regulated mechanisms, including cell death and evading growth suppressors; and (3) functions with more complex, pleiotropic mechanisms, some of which may be stage-dependent in AD, such as cell adhesion/contact inhibition and angiogenesis. Additionally, we discuss the recent observation of a biological link between cancer and AD neuropathology. Finally, we address the therapeutic implications of this topic. The significant overlap of functional pathways and molecules between these diseases, some similarly and some oppositely regulated or functioning in each disease, supports the need for more research to elucidate cancer-related AD genetic and functional heterogeneity, with the aims of better understanding AD risk mediators, as well as further exploring the potential for some types of drug repurposing towards AD therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N. H. Nudelman
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Brenna C. McDonald
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Debomoy K. Lahiri
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
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9
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Ashok A, Naaz S, Kota LN, Sen S, Purushottam M, Faruq M, Kumari R, Yadav V, Kannan R, Jain S, Panicker MM, Viswanath B. Does retinoic acid reverse cell cycle dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease lymphocytes? Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 39:174-177. [PMID: 30139662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant re-entry of neurons into cell cycle appears to be an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and targeting this dysregulation may have therapeutic potential. We have examined whether cell cycle dysregulation in AD can be detected using patient and control derived B-lymphocytes. Cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry demonstrated that cell cycle dysregulation occurs in AD lymphocytes, with a significant difference in the distribution of cells in G0/G1, S and G2/M phases of cell cycle as compared to control lymphocytes. Using global gene expression analysis by RNA sequencing and cell cycle analysis, we examined the role of Retinoic Acid (RA), a candidate molecule predicted to be of therapeutic potential in cell cycle dysregulation associated with AD. CCND1, CCNE2, E2F transcription factors which are known to be dysregulated in AD were among the 32 genes that showed differential expression in response to RA treatment thus suggesting a protective role of RA. However, the cell cycle analysis demonstrated that RA did not reverse the cellular phenotype in AD lymphocytes. This suggests that though RA might have a protective role by influencing the expression of cell cycle genes, it might not be able to arrest abnormal re-entry into cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ashok
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Safoora Naaz
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | | | - Somdatta Sen
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Meera Purushottam
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Mohammed Faruq
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine CSIR-IGIB, Mall road, New Delhi, India.
| | - Renu Kumari
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine CSIR-IGIB, Mall road, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vinod Yadav
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine CSIR-IGIB, Mall road, New Delhi, India; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | - Sanjeev Jain
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India.
| | | | - Biju Viswanath
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
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10
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Choe S, Cai M, Jerng UM, Lee JH. The Efficacy and Underlying Mechanism of Moxibustion in Preventing Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies. Exp Neurobiol 2018. [PMID: 29535565 PMCID: PMC5840457 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is age-related and manageable only with early diagnosis and prevention. Moxibustion is widely accepted in East Asia as useful for preventing cognitive impairment. This systematic review of animal studies was conducted to verify the efficacy of moxibustion in preventing cognitive impairment and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Randomized controlled animal trials that established the efficacy of moxibustion in preventing cognitive impairment were included in the analysis. Results of behavioral tests and the signaling pathways elucidated were extracted and a meta-analysis was conducted with the behavioral test results. The risk of bias was evaluated using 9 items, and reporting quality was evaluated using the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments) Guidelines Checklist. Ten trials involving 410 animals met the inclusion criteria. All studies reported the benefit of moxibustion in preventing cognitive deficits caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among five studies using the Morris water maze test, a significant effect of moxibustion in decreasing the escape time was reported in three studies, increasing the crossing times in four studies, and prolonging the dwelling time in two studies. The effects of moxibustion were demonstrated to be mediated by an increase in the activity of neurotrophins and heat shock protein, modulation of the cell cycle, and suppression of apoptosis and inflammation. However, considering the small number of included studies, the lack of studies investigating entire signaling pathways, and a high risk of bias and low reporting quality, our results need to be confirmed through more detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Choe
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.,Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Mudan Cai
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Ui Min Jerng
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.,Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
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El Kadmiri N, Said N, Slassi I, El Moutawakil B, Nadifi S. Biomarkers for Alzheimer Disease: Classical and Novel Candidates' Review. Neuroscience 2017; 370:181-190. [PMID: 28729061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The biomarkers may be useful for predictive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current challenge is to diagnose it in its preclinical phase. The combination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and imaging has been investigated extensively for a number of years. It can provide an increased diagnostic accuracy. This review discusses the contribution of classical biomarkers to predict AD and highlights novel candidates identified as potential markers for AD. We referred to the electronic databases PubMed/Medline and Web of Science to search for articles that were published until February 2016. Sixty-two records were included in qualitative synthesis. In the first section, the results show the contribution of biomarkers to predict and track AD considered as classical biomarkers. In the second section, the results highlight the involvement of novel candidates that should be considered for future evaluation in the characterization of the AD progression. Reported findings open prospect to define noninvasive biomarkers to predict AD before symptoms onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia El Kadmiri
- IBN ZOHR University, LBVE, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, B.P: 271, 83 000 Taroudant, Morocco; Hassan II University of Casablanca, Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, B.P: 9154, Morocco.
| | - Nadia Said
- Hassan II University of Casablanca, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, B.P: 9154, Morocco
| | - Ilham Slassi
- Hassan II University of Casablanca, Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, B.P: 9154, Morocco; IBN ROCHD Universitary Hospital, Neurology Department, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Bouchra El Moutawakil
- Hassan II University of Casablanca, Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, B.P: 9154, Morocco; IBN ROCHD Universitary Hospital, Neurology Department, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sellama Nadifi
- Hassan II University of Casablanca, Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, B.P: 9154, Morocco
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He Y, Zeng H, Yu Y, Zhang J, Zeng X, Gong F, Liu Q, Yang B. Resveratrol Improves Cell Cycle Arrest in Chronic Prostatitis Rats, by C-kit/SCF Suppression. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:709-714. [PMID: 28604067 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis (CP) with complex pathogenesis is difficult for treatment. c-kit has been associated with the control of cell proliferation of prostate cells. This study aims to evaluate the role of resveratrol, an activator of Sirt1, in regulating the expression of c-kit in CP and investigate the consequent effects on cell cycle. Rat model of CP was established through subcutaneous injections of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine and subsequently treated with resveratrol. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to identify the histopathological changes in prostates. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining examined the expression level of c-kit, stem cell factor (SCF), Sirt1, and cell cycle-associated proteins. The model group exhibited severe diffuse chronic inflammation, characterized by leukocyte infiltration and papillary frond protrusion into the gland cavities, and a notable increase in prostatic epithelial height. Gland lumen diameter was also significantly smaller; the activity of c-kit/SCF in the CP rats was increased significantly compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the cell cycle proteins are dysregulated significantly in CP rats. Resveratrol treatment significantly improved these factors by Sirt1 activation. Dysregulation of cell cycle was involved in the pathological processes of CP, which was improved after resveratrol treatment by the downregulation of c-kit/SCF by activating Sirt1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- 1 Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Huizhi Zeng
- 2 Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Yang Yu
- 1 Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Jiashu Zhang
- 3 College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Xiaona Zeng
- 3 College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Fengtao Gong
- 3 College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Qi Liu
- 3 College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
| | - Bo Yang
- 1 Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian, China
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Ferrari R, Lovering RC, Hardy J, Lewis PA, Manzoni C. Weighted Protein Interaction Network Analysis of Frontotemporal Dementia. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:999-1013. [PMID: 28004582 PMCID: PMC6152613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
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The genetic analysis
of complex disorders has undoubtedly led to
the identification of a wealth of associations between genes and specific
traits. However, moving from genetics to biochemistry one gene at
a time has, to date, rather proved inefficient and under-powered to
comprehensively explain the molecular basis of phenotypes. Here we
present a novel approach, weighted protein–protein interaction
network analysis (W-PPI-NA), to highlight key functional players within
relevant biological processes associated with a given trait. This
is exemplified in the current study by applying W-PPI-NA to frontotemporal
dementia (FTD): We first built the state of the art FTD protein network
(FTD-PN) and then analyzed both its topological and functional features.
The FTD-PN resulted from the sum of the individual interactomes built
around FTD-spectrum genes, leading to a total of 4198 nodes. Twenty
nine of 4198 nodes, called inter-interactome hubs (IIHs), represented
those interactors able to bridge over 60% of the individual interactomes.
Functional annotation analysis not only reiterated and reinforced
previous findings from single genes and gene-coexpression analyses
but also indicated a number of novel potential disease related mechanisms,
including DNA damage response, gene expression
regulation, and cell waste disposal and
potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets including EP300. These
processes and targets likely represent the functional core impacted
in FTD, reflecting the underlying genetic architecture contributing
to disease. The approach presented in this study can be applied to
other complex traits for which risk-causative genes are known as it
provides a promising tool for setting the foundations for collating
genomics and wet laboratory data in a bidirectional manner. This is
and will be critical to accelerate molecular target prioritization
and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology , Russell Square House, 9-12 Russell Square House, London WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C Lovering
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London , London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology , Russell Square House, 9-12 Russell Square House, London WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick A Lewis
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology , Russell Square House, 9-12 Russell Square House, London WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Manzoni
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology , Russell Square House, 9-12 Russell Square House, London WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
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14
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Skovira JW, Wu J, Matyas JJ, Kumar A, Hanscom M, Kabadi SV, Fang R, Faden AI. Cell cycle inhibition reduces inflammatory responses, neuronal loss, and cognitive deficits induced by hypobaria exposure following traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:299. [PMID: 27903275 PMCID: PMC5131508 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in military settings can be exposed to prolonged periods of hypobaria (HB) during aeromedical evacuation. Hypobaric exposure, even with supplemental oxygen to prevent hypoxia, worsens outcome after experimental TBI, in part by increasing neuroinflammation. Cell cycle activation (CCA) after TBI has been implicated as a mechanism contributing to both post-traumatic cell death and neuroinflammation. Here, we examined whether hypobaric exposure in rats subjected to TBI increases CCA and microglial activation in the brain, as compared to TBI alone, and to evaluate the ability of a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor (CR8) to reduce such changes and improve behavioral outcomes. Methods Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to fluid percussion-induced injury, and HB exposure was performed at 6 h after TBI. Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to assess cell cycle-related protein expression and inflammation at 1 and 30 days after injury. CR8 was administered intraperitoneally at 3 h post-injury; chronic functional recovery and histological changes were assessed. Results Post-traumatic hypobaric exposure increased upregulation of cell cycle-related proteins (cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and CDK4) and microglial/macrophage activation in the ipsilateral cortex at day 1 post-injury as compared to TBI alone. Increased immunoreactivity of cell cycle proteins, as well as numbers of Iba-1+ and GFAP+ cells in both the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus were found at day 30 post-injury. TBI/HB significantly increased the numbers of NADPH oxidase 2 (gp91phox) enzyme-expressing cells that were co-localized with Iba-1+. Each of these changes was significantly reduced by the administration of CR8. Unbiased stereological assessment showed significantly decreased numbers of microglia displaying the highly activated phenotype in the ipsilateral cortex of TBI/HB/CR8 rats compared with TBI/HB/Veh rats. Moreover, treatment with this CDK inhibitor also significantly improved spatial and retention memory and reduced lesion volume and hippocampal neuronal cell loss. Conclusions HB exposure following TBI increases CCA, neuroinflammation, and associated neuronal cell loss. These changes and post-traumatic cognitive deficits are reduced by CDK inhibition; such drugs may therefore serve to protect TBI patients requiring aeromedical evacuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Skovira
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Research Division Pharmacology Branch, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Junfang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Jessica J Matyas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Marie Hanscom
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Shruti V Kabadi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Raymond Fang
- Program in Trauma, Center for the Sustainment of Trauma and Readiness Skills (C-STARS), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Alan I Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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