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Vucevic DD, Seidman MA, Mesaki K, Guan Z, Juvet S, Liu M, Keshavjee S, Murphy K. A Novel Tissue Preservation and Transport Solution as a Substitute for Formalin. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100198. [PMID: 37321542 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Formalin, a common laboratory fixative, is a type 1 carcinogen; a biohazard with risks, environmental, disposal, and legal costs; and a chemical modifier of protein epitopes in tissues. A less-toxic tissue preservation method is therefore badly needed. We have developed a novel tissue preservation medium, Amber, composed of low-potassium dextran glucose, 10% honey, and 1% coconut oil. This study investigates Amber as compared with formalin with respect to the following aspects: (1) histologic preservation, (2) epitope integrity with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF), and (3) integrity of tissue RNA. Rat and human lung, liver, kidney, and heart tissues were collected and stored for 24 hours at 4 °C in Amber or formalin. The tissues were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin; IHC: thyroid transcription factor, muscle-specific actin, hepatocyte-specific antigen, and common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen; and IF: VE-cadherin, vimentin, and muscle-specific actin. RNA quality upon extraction was also assessed. Amber demonstrated superior and/or noninferior performance in rat and human tissue evaluation with respect to standard techniques of histology, IHC, IF, and extracted RNA quality. Amber maintains high-quality morphology without compromising the ability to perform IHC and nucleic acid extraction. As such, Amber could be a safer and superior substitute to formalin for clinical tissue preservation for contemporary pathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana D Vucevic
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Thoracic Surgery and Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Seidman
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kumi Mesaki
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zehong Guan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Juvet
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Thoracic Surgery and Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Thoracic Surgery and Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kieran Murphy
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Pérez NV, Ramírez-Sotelo G, Yáñez-Fernández J, Castro-Rodríguez DC. Role of Thermal Process on the Physicochemical and Rheological Properties and Antioxidant Capacity of a New Functional Beverage Based on Coconut Water and Rice Flour. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26938-26947. [PMID: 37546632 PMCID: PMC10398844 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Different substrates have been implemented for the production of functional beverages. To avoid the presence of pathogens, beverages have been subjected to thermal treatments, such as sterilization or pasteurization, which can interfere with the physicochemical, rheological, functional, and organoleptic properties of the final product. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of heat treatment on the physicochemical properties, such as acidity, pH, total solids, density, total and reducing sugar, as well as the antioxidant activity of a beverage formulated from rice flour (RF) and coconut water (CW). Three beverage formulations were evaluated: A (2% RF; 98% CW), B (5% RF; 95% CW), and C (8% RF; 92% CW), each of which was subjected to two heat treatments: sterilized (121 °C/15 psi/15 min) or pasteurized (60 °C/60 min and subsequently 73 °C/15 s). The heat treatments increased the acidity and reducing sugars but decreased pH, total sugar, and antioxidant activity. As for the rheological properties, the mixtures were pseudoplastic fluid. The physicochemical properties from RF and CW mixtures were dependent on the heat treatment, but these can be introduced as new nondairy substrates for the elaboration of functional beverages to be consumed mainly by those lactose intolerant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naella
Sandivel Valencia Pérez
- Unidad
Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología (UPIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Ramírez-Sotelo
- Unidad
Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología (UPIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico
| | - Jorge Yáñez-Fernández
- Unidad
Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología (UPIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico
| | - Diana C Castro-Rodríguez
- CONACyT-Cátedras,
Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición
SZ, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Chen X, Kim DI, Moon HG, Chu M, Lee K. Coconut Oil Alleviates the Oxidative Stress-Mediated Inflammatory Response via Regulating the MAPK Pathway in Particulate Matter-Stimulated Alveolar Macrophages. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092898. [PMID: 35566249 PMCID: PMC9105152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is related to various respiratory diseases, and this affects the respiratory immune system. Alveolar macrophages (AMs), which are defenders against pathogens, play a key role in respiratory inflammation through cytokine production and cellular interactions. Coconut oil demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and it is consumed worldwide for improved health. However, reports on the protective effects of coconut oil on the PM-induced respiratory immune system, especially in AMs, are limited. In this study, we generated artificial PM (APM) with a diameter approximately of 30 nm by controlling the temperature, and compared its cytotoxicity with diesel exhaust particles (DEP). We also investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of coconut oil in APM− and DEP−stimulated AMs, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that APM and DEP had high cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in AMs. In particular, APM or DEP at 100 μg/mL significantly decreased cell viability (p < 0.05) and significantly increased oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species (p < 0.01); the GSSH/GSH ratio (p < 0.01); and cytokine production, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (p < 0.001), interleukin (IL)-1β (p < 0.001), and IL-6 (p < 0.001). The expression of the genes for chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-1 (p < 0.05) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (p < 0.001); and the proteins toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 (p < 0.01), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p < 0.001), p38 (p < 0.001); and extracellular receptor-activated kinase (p < 0.001), were also upregulated by PM. These parameters were reversed upon treatment with coconut oil in APM− or DEP−stimulated AMs. In conclusion, coconut oil can reduce APM− or DEP−induced inflammation by regulating the TLR4/MAPK pathway in AMs, and it may protect against adverse respiratory effects caused by PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (X.C.); (D.I.K.); (H.-G.M.)
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Dong Im Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (X.C.); (D.I.K.); (H.-G.M.)
| | - Hi-Gyu Moon
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (X.C.); (D.I.K.); (H.-G.M.)
| | - Minchul Chu
- Greensol Co., Ltd., 89-26, Jimok-ro, Paju-si 10880, Korea;
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (X.C.); (D.I.K.); (H.-G.M.)
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-63-570-8740
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Hasni MH, Sulaiman S, Jimat DN, Amid A. Kinetics of microwave-assisted extraction of virgin coconut oil from solid coconut waste. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2022.2047662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Haffizi Hasni
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sarina Sulaiman
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dzun Noraini Jimat
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azura Amid
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
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Elekwa I, Ude VC, Emmanuel O, Amachaghi VO, Ugbogu EA. In vivo studies on the ameliorative effect of coconut water against carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity in rats. Biomarkers 2021; 26:570-577. [PMID: 34167403 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1946848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Coconut water is used in folklore medicine for oral rehydration, treatment of childhood diarrhoea, gastroenteritis and cholera, and is also known to possess antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the ameliorative potentials of coconut water on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were randomly assigned into separate cages according to the sex of 5 groups. Groups 2-5 were intraperitoneally injected a single dose of 1 mL/kg CCl4 diluted in olive oil. Only 3, 4 and 5 were orally given 2, 4, 6 mL/kg coconut water respectively, whereas groups 1 and 2 received distilled water. RESULTS Treatment with coconut water significantly (p < 0.05) increased red blood cell, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total protein, and albumin compared to the negative control in both sexes of the rats. Furthermore, platelets, white blood cells, urea, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, malondialdehyde, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate transaminases decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the negative control in both male and female rats. CONCLUSION Thus, coconut water supplementation may reverse CCl4 induced toxicity and distortions on haematological parameters, lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes, liver and kidney biomarkers in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Chibueze Ude
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Okezie Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
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Malik MMA, Othman F, Hussan F, Shuid AN, Saad QM. Combined virgin coconut oil and tocotrienol-rich fraction protects against bone loss in osteoporotic rat model. Vet World 2019; 12:2052-2060. [PMID: 32095059 PMCID: PMC6989331 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.2052-2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Both virgin coconut oil (VCO) and tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) are rich in antioxidants and may protect the bone against bone loss induced by ovariectomy and high-fat diet. The study aimed to determine the protective effects of combined therapy of VCO and TRF on osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rat fed with high-fat diet. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: Sham-operated (SHAM), OVX control, OVX and given Premarin at 64.5 µg/kg (OVX+E2), OVX and given VCO at 4.29 ml/kg (OVX+V), OVX and given TRF at 30 mg/kg (OVX+T), and OVX and given a combination of VCO at 4.29 ml/kg and TRF at 30 mg/kg (OVX+VT). Following 24 weeks of treatments, blood and femora samples were taken for analyses. Results: There were no significant differences in serum osteocalcin levels between the groups (p>0.05), while serum C-terminal telopeptide of Type I collagen levels of the OVX+VT group were significantly lower than the other groups (p<0.05). The dynamic bone histomorphometry analysis of the femur showed that the double-labeled surface/bone surface (dLS/BS), mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate/BS of the OVX+E2, OVX+T, and OVX+VT groups were significantly higher than the rest of the groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: A combination of VCO and TRF has the potential as a therapeutic agent to restore bone loss induced by ovariectomy and high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Maaruf Abdul Malik
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faizah Othman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farida Hussan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Anatomy, Human Biology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Qodriyah Mohd Saad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hima L, Pratap UP, Karrunanithi S, Ravichandran KA, Vasantharekha R, ThyagaRajan S. Virgin coconut oil supplementation in diet modulates immunity mediated through survival signaling pathways in rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2019-0114/jcim-2019-0114.xml. [PMID: 31536034 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Virgin coconut oil (VCO), a cold processed form of coconut oil, is traditionally consumed in Asian countries owing to its nutritional and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the health benefits of VCO involve alterations in immune responses that are regulated by intracellular signaling molecules in the spleens of rats. Methods Young male Wistar rats were fed with three doses of VCO in diet for 30 days. At the end of the treatment period, spleens were isolated and in vitro effects on immune responses (Concanavalin A [Con A]-induced lymphoproliferation and cytokine production), and direct effects of VCO treatment on intracellular signaling molecules and antioxidant status were examined. Serum was collected to measure glucose, lipid levels, and leptin. Results VCO supplementation in diet enhanced Con A-induced splenocyte proliferation and Th1 cytokine production while it suppressed the proinflammatory cytokine production. VCO increased the expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), sirtuin1 (SIRT1), liver kinase B1 (p-LKB1) p-ERK, and p-CREB in spleen. Similarly, VCO increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes while it suppressed lipid peroxidation in the spleen. VCO diet had hypolipidemic effects on the rats: an increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels while lowering triacylglycerol (TAG) levels. Conclusion The health benefits of VCO may be mediated through enhanced Th1 immunity through the upregulation of survival signaling pathways and inhibition of free radical generation in the spleen besides its capacity to induce hypolipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalgi Hima
- Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - Uday P Pratap
- Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - Sunil Karrunanithi
- Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - Kishore A Ravichandran
- Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - Ramasamy Vasantharekha
- Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - Srinivasan ThyagaRajan
- Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
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In vitro anti-inflammatory and skin protective properties of Virgin coconut oil. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:5-14. [PMID: 30671361 PMCID: PMC6335493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been traditionally used as moisturizer since centuries by people in the tropical region. Clinical studies have revealed that VCO improves the symptoms of skin disorders by moisturizing and soothing the skin. However, the mechanistic action of VCO and its benefits on skin has not been elucidated in vitro. The cytotoxicity (CTC50) of VCO was 706.53 ± 2.1 and 787.15 ± 1.1 μg/mL in THP-1 (Human monocytes) and HaCaT (Human keratinocytes) cells respectively. VCO inhibited TNF-α (62.34 ± 3.2 %), IFN-γ (42.66 ± 2.9 %), IL-6 (52.07 ± 2.0 %), IL-8 (53.98 ± 1.8 %) and IL-5 (51.57 ± 2.6 %) respectively in THP-1 cells. Involucrin (INV) and filaggrin (FLG) content increased by 47.53 ± 2.1 % and 40.45 ± 1.2 % respectively in HaCaT cells. VCO increased the expression of Aquaporin-3 (AQP3), involucrin (INV) and filaggrin (FLG) and showed moderate UV protection in HaCaT cells. In vitro skin irritation studies in Reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) and NIH3T3 cells showed that VCO is a non skin irritant (IC50 > 1000 μg/mL) and non phototoxic (PIF < 2). Our study demonstrated the anti inflammatory activity of VCO by suppressing inflammatory markers and protecting the skin by enhancing skin barrier function. This is the first report on anti-inflammatory and skin protective benefits of VCO in vitro. Overall, the results warrant the use of VCO in skin care formulations.
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Kamalaldin NA, Sulaiman SA, Yusop MR, Yahaya B. Does Inhalation of Virgin Coconut Oil Accelerate Reversal of Airway Remodelling in an Allergic Model of Asthma? Int J Inflam 2017; 2017:8741851. [PMID: 28660089 PMCID: PMC5474257 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8741851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been done to evaluate the effect of various natural products in controlling asthma symptoms. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is known to contain active compounds that have beneficial effects on human health and diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of VCO inhalation on airway remodelling in a rabbit model of allergic asthma. The effects of VCO inhalation on infiltration of airway inflammatory cells, airway structures, goblet cell hyperplasia, and cell proliferation following ovalbumin induction were evaluated. Allergic asthma was induced by a combination of ovalbumin and alum injection and/or followed by ovalbumin inhalation. The effect of VCO inhalation was then evaluated via the rescue or the preventive route. Percentage of inflammatory cells infiltration, thickness of epithelium and mucosa regions, and the numbers of goblet and proliferative cells were reduced in the rescue group but not in preventive group. Analysis using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry found that lauric acid and capric acid were among the most abundant fatty acids present in the sample. Significant improvement was observed in rescue route in alleviating the asthma symptoms, which indicates the VCO was able to relieve asthma-related symptoms more than preventing the onset of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Kamalaldin
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - S. A. Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - M. R. Yusop
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - B. Yahaya
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
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Virgin coconut oil supplementation attenuates acute chemotherapy hepatotoxicity induced by anticancer drug methotrexate via inhibition of oxidative stress in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:437-442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.: Arecaceae): in health promotion and disease prevention. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2011; 4:241-7. [PMID: 21771462 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., is a tree that is cultivated for its multiple utilities, mainly for its nutritional and medicinal values. The various products of coconut include tender coconut water, copra, coconut oil, raw kernel, coconut cake, coconut toddy, coconut shell and wood based products, coconut leaves, coir pith etc. Its all parts are used in someway or another in the daily life of the people in the traditional coconut growing areas. It is the unique source of various natural products for the development of medicines against various diseases and also for the development of industrial products. The parts of its fruit like coconut kernel and tender coconut water have numerous medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, antidermatophytic, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, immunostimulant. Coconut water and coconut kernel contain microminerals and nutrients, which are essential to human health, and hence coconut is used as food by the peoples in the globe, mainly in the tropical countries. The coconut palm is, therefore, eulogised as 'Kalpavriksha' (the all giving tree) in Indian classics, and thus the current review describes the facts and phenomena related to its use in health and disease prevention.
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