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Li Y, Xie Y, Li J, Chang Z, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Ren R, Chen Y. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure and gout: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1367621. [PMID: 38841306 PMCID: PMC11150642 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1367621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although there is solid epidemiological evidence supporting the connection between hypertension and gout, little has been said about the relationship between diastolic and systolic blood pressure and gout, the causal relationship and direction associated are uncertain, so we aim to research the causal relationship between diastolic and systolic blood pressure and gout. Methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal effect between 2 blood pressure phenotypes (including diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure) and 5 gout phenotypes (including gout, drug-induced gout, idiopathic gout, unspecified gout, and strictly defined gout) using genome-wide association study statistics. The inverse variance weighting method was used to generate the main results, while sensitivity analyses using MR-Egger, weighted median, Cochran's Q test, Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis, were performed to assess the stability and reliability of the results. Results After the screening, we found a causal relationship between diastolic blood pressure and gout, idiopathic gout, unspecified gout, and strictly defined gout, and a causal relationship between systolic blood pressure and gout, idiopathic gout, unspecified gout, and strictly defined gout. Conclusion From a genetic predisposition, controlling blood pressure may reduce the risk of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Li
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
- The Sixth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufeng Xie
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
- The Sixth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
- The Sixth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhichun Chang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
- The Sixth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianmei Zhang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
- The Sixth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zunming Zhou
- The Sixth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong Ren
- The Sixth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Chen
- The Sixth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Ramesh R, Pandurangan V, Madhavan S, Srinivasan D, Bhaskar E, Marappa L, Nair AM, Rajendran V, Varadaraj P. Comparison of Fasting Insulin Level, Homeostatic Model of Insulin Resistance, and Lipid Levels between Patients with Primary Hypertension and Normotensive Subjects. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2022; 13:RMMJ.10468. [PMID: 35482462 PMCID: PMC9049152 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance occurs in obese patients with primary hypertension independent of diabetes and obesity. This study was aimed at assessing serum fasting insulin levels, the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum lipid levels in non-obese patients with primary hypertension when compared to normotensive subjects. METHODS This observational study comprised 100 patients over 18 years of age, divided into two groups. The hypertensive group comprised non-obese patients with primary hypertension (n=50); the normotensive group comprised normotensive age- and sex-matched individuals (n=50). Patients with diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, obesity, and other causative factors of insulin resistance were excluded from the study. Serum fasting insulin levels and fasting lipid profiles were measured, and insulin resistance was calculated using HOMA-IR. These data were compared between the two groups. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the extent of a linear relationship between HOMA-IR and to evaluate the association between HOMA-IR and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. RESULTS Mean serum fasting insulin levels (mIU/L), mean HOMA-IR values, and fasting triglyceride levels (mg/dL) were significantly higher in the hypertensive versus normotensive patients (10.32 versus 6.46, P<0.001; 1.35 versus 0.84, P<0.001; 113.70 versus 97.04, P=0.005, respectively). The HOMA-IR levels were associated with systolic blood pressure (r value 0.764, P=0.0005). CONCLUSION We observed significantly higher fasting insulin levels, serum triglyceride levels, and HOMA-IR reflecting hyperinsulinemia and possibly an insulin-resistant state among primary hypertension patients with no other causally linked factors for insulin resistance. We observed a significant correlation between systolic blood pressure and HOMA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viswanathan Pandurangan
- Corresponding Author: Please address correspondence to Viswanathan Pandurangan, Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, SRMC&RI, Porur, Chennai, India. E-mail:
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Lee TL, Hsuan CF, Wu CC, Hung WC, Tsai IT, Wei CT, Yu TH, Lu IC, Chung FM, Lee YJ, Lu YC. Association between Triglyceride Glucose Index and Corrected QT Prolongation in Chinese Male Steelworkers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4020. [PMID: 33921213 PMCID: PMC8069503 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Increased triglyceride glucose (TyG) index appears to be linked to carotid and coronary atherosclerosis and calcifications and possesses an elevated future risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, and a high prevalence of prolonged QTc interval was previously reported in blue-collar workers. The purpose of this study was to find the possible causal inter-relationship between TyG index and QTc interval in a large population of Chinese male steelworkers. Methods: A total of 3189 male workers from two steel plants were enrolled. They responded to a cross-sectional questionnaire on basic attributes and lifestyle, including sleep patterns. All workers in the two plants underwent periodic health checkups, including twelve-lead electrocardiography. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess the direct and indirect effects of TyG index on QTc interval. Results: With increasing TyG index tertile, the male steelworkers had an increased QTc interval. Applying multivariate analysis, TyG index was associated independently with the odds of QTc prolongation (adjusted odds ratio = 2.73, 95% confidence interval = 1.39-5.24, p = 0.004). SEM revealed that TyG index, hypertension, obesity, lifestyle, white blood cell (WBC) count, and liver function had statistically significant direct effects on QTc interval. Furthermore, TyG index also had an indirect effect on QTc interval through hypertension, obesity, WBC count, and liver function. Moreover, lifestyle had an indirect effect on QTc interval through TyG index. The final model explained 14% of the variability in QTc interval. Conclusions: An increased TyG index was associated with QTc interval prolongation in this study, and SEM delineated possible causal pathways and inter-relationships of the risk factors contributing to the occurrence of QTc prolongation among Chinese male steelworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thung-Lip Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-F.H.); (C.-C.W.); (W.-C.H.); (T.-H.Y.); (F.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Feng Hsuan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-F.H.); (C.-C.W.); (W.-C.H.); (T.-H.Y.); (F.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 80794, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ching Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-F.H.); (C.-C.W.); (W.-C.H.); (T.-H.Y.); (F.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chin Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-F.H.); (C.-C.W.); (W.-C.H.); (T.-H.Y.); (F.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - I-Ting Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Wei
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Hung Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-F.H.); (C.-C.W.); (W.-C.H.); (T.-H.Y.); (F.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - I-Cheng Lu
- Department of Occupational Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Fu-Mei Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-F.H.); (C.-C.W.); (W.-C.H.); (T.-H.Y.); (F.-M.C.)
| | - Yau-Jiunn Lee
- Lee’s Endocrinologic Clinic, Pingtung 90000, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Chuan Lu
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Yu X, Wei F, Chen C, Zhang K, Feng S, Wang Y, Li WD. Association of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia on incident hyperuricemia: an 8-year prospective cohort study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:409. [PMID: 33129322 PMCID: PMC7603698 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension and high triglyceride are two of the most important risk factors for hyperuricemia. Epidemiological records show that hypertension and dyslipidemia often coexist and may significantly increase the risk of target organ damage. However, their combined effect on incident hyperuricemia is poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate the separate and combined effect of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia on the incidence of hyperuricemia. Methods A prospective cohort study of 6424 hyperuricemia-free participants aged 20 to 94 years between August 2009 and October 2017 was performed at Tianjin General Hospital of China. Participants were categorized into four groups by combining hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia status at baseline. The restricted cubic spline fitting Cox regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between blood pressure and triglyceride and hyperuricemia. Cox regression models were performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confident intervals (CIs) to estimate baseline factors and their association with the incidence of hyperuricemia. A Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to compare the incidence of hyperuricemia among subjects in each separate and combined hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia group. Results During the 8-year follow-up period, 1259 subjects developed hyperuricemia (20.6%). There existed positive relationships between blood pressure and triglyceride levels and hyperuricemia. This risk factor arising from a combination of the two (HR, 3.02; 95% CI 2.60–3.50) is greater than that from hypertension (HR, 1.48; 95% CI 1.28–1.71) or hypertriglyceridemia (HR, 1.84; 95% CI 1.55–2.18) separately. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that combined effect of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia may predict higher onset of hyperuricemia. Conclusion The combined effect of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia on the risk of hyperuricemia is much stronger than that by hypertension or hypertriglyceridemia separately. Hypertension combined with hypertriglyceridemia may be an independent and powerful predictor for hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiawen Yu
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Fengjiang Wei
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shuzhi Feng
- Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Zheng R, Mao Y. Triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index as a predictor of incident hypertension: a 9-year longitudinal population-based study. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:175. [PMID: 28903774 PMCID: PMC5598027 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and the triglyceride and glucose index both have been associated with insulin resistance; however, the longitudinal association remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the longitudinal association between the triglyceride and glucose index and incident hypertension among the Chinese population. METHODS We studied 4686 subjects (3177 males and 1509 females) and followed up for 9 years. The subjects were divided into four groups based on the triglyceride and glucose index. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyse the risk factors of hypertension. RESULTS After 9 years of follow-up, 2047 subjects developed hypertension. The overall 9-year cumulative incidence of hypertension was 43.7%, ranging from 28.5% in quartile 1 to 36.9% in quartile 2, 49.2% in quartile 3 and 59.8% in quartile 4 (p for trend < 0.001). Cox regression analyses indicated that higher triglyceride and glucose index was associated with an increased risk of subsequent incident hypertension. CONCLUSION The triglyceride and glucose index can predict the incident hypertension among the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjiong Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, 247 Renmin Road, Ningbo, 315020, China. .,Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yushan Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, 247 Renmin Road, Ningbo, 315020, China. .,Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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Mbata O, Abo El-Magd NF, El-Remessy AB. Obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetic retinopathy: Beyond hyperglycemia. World J Diabetes 2017; 8:317-329. [PMID: 28751954 PMCID: PMC5507828 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i7.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most feared ocular manifestation of diabetes. DR is characterized by progressive retinal damage that may eventually result in blindness. Clinically, this blindness is caused by progressive damage to the retinal microvasculature, which leads to ischemia, retinal swelling, and neovascularization. Retinopathy is associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, with DR being the leading cause of new onset blindness in United States adults. Despite this strong association with diabetes, it must be noted that the development of retinopathy lesions is multifactorial and may occur in individuals without an established history of diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial condition of central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, fasting hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Although several studies examined the individual components observed in the metabolic syndrome in relation to the development of DR, there is conflicting data as to the association of the metabolic syndrome with the development of retinopathy lesions in non-diabetic subjects. This review will summarize the current literature on the evidence of the metabolic syndrome on retinopathy in subjects with and without an established history of diabetes. This review will also discuss some of the mechanisms through which metabolic syndrome can contribute to the development of retinopathy.
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Roopa AN, Reddy KSS, Chandrashekara P, Umabai KR, Madhuvan HS. Study of Microalbuminuria and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Essential Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome and its Relationship to Target Organ Damage. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.46347/jmsh.2015.v01i03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Li M, Zhang S, Wu Y, Ye J, Cao X, Liu J, Sun Y, Zhong B. Prevalence of Insulin Resistance in Subjects with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Predictors in a Chinese Population. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2170-6. [PMID: 25686742 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance (IR) is a key factor involved in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the prevalence of IR in NAFLD patients and its risk factors have been rarely reported, especially in China. This prospective study was undertaken to clarify these issues in the Chinese population. METHODS A total of 600 NAFLD patients and 300 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013. Demographic information and clinical characteristics were collected, and the presence of IR was evaluated using the homeostasis model. Uni- and multivariate analyses were conducted, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to identify IR predictors. RESULTS NAFLD patients had a much higher prevalence of IR than healthy controls (37.8 vs. 2.3 %, P < 0.001). The rates of elevated alanine transferase (ALT) and aspartate transferase (AST) levels were much higher in NAFLD patients with IR than those without (53.7 vs. 41.6 % and 28.6 vs. 18.2 %, respectively, P < 0.001). Uni- and multivariate analyses revealed that female sex, general obesity, abdominal obesity, and hypertension were independent predictors for IR. The area under the ROC curve for fasting plasma insulin (FPI) detecting IR was 0.93 (P < 0.001), and the optimal cutoff was 11.3 μU/ml (sensitivity = 0.86, specificity = 0.92). CONCLUSION Chinese NAFLD patients are susceptible to IR. Female sex, general and abdominal obesity, and hypertension were independent predictors for IR in NAFLD patients. FPI is an optimal predictor for IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minrui Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
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Bioelectrical impedance outperforms waist circumference for predicting cardiometabolic risk in Congolese hypertensive subjects: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2015; 15:17. [PMID: 25887798 PMCID: PMC4357142 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-015-0011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Waist circumference threshold values used in sub-Saharan Africa correspond to those of European populations and are therefore inappropriate. Thus, they may over predict insulin resistance, especially in hypertensive Africans, in whom there is often no association between blood pressure and insulin resistance. Using bioelectrical impedance measurement in sub-Saharan Africa could possibly be advantageous to overcome the shortcomings of waist circumference measurement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of body composition estimation by bioelectrical impedance to predict cardiometabolic risk in Congolese hypertensive subjects. Methods Cardiovascular profiling and body composition analysis by bioelectrical impedance was measured in 400 patients (men = 40%; age = 51.1 ± 12.6 years). Patients were diagnosed with a metabolic syndrome (MS) according to the IDF Criteria with and without the “blood pressure” criterion to remove any confounding autocorrelation bias, a visceral fat-MS (with and without the “blood pressure” criterion) being defined by the presence of ≥ 2 criteria with the precondition of excess visceral fat defined by a bio impedance measurement score >10/30. Total cardiovascular risk was assessed using the criteria of Framingham-2008. Results The frequencies of enlarged waist circumference (71.9% vs 68.9%, p = 0.52) and IDF-MS without blood pressure criterion (24.9% vs 21.9%, p = 0.48) were similar among hypertensive vs. non hypertensive however excess visceral fat (57.6% vs 33.8%, p <0.0001) as well as visceral fat-MS without blood pressure criterion (18.9% vs 11.3%, p = 0.04) were more prevalent among hypertensive. Finally, total cardiovascular risk as well as arterial hypertension risk were associated with visceral fat, but not with waist circumference (p > 0.05). Conclusions Pending the determination of thresholds values for pathological waist circumference adapted to sub-Saharan populations, using bioelectrical impedance measurement may contribute to better characterize the cardiometabolic risk and the insulin resistant phenotype of hypertensive sub-Saharan Africans.
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Tumwine JK. Non-communicable diseases are reaching epidemic proportions: evidence from low and middle income countries. Afr Health Sci 2013; 13:i-iv. [PMID: 24250333 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i3.94044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James K Tumwine
- African Health Sciences, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences
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