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Lii TR, Smith AE, Flohr JR, Okada RL, Nyongesa CA, Cianfichi LJ, Hack LM, Schatzberg AF, Heifets BD. Randomized trial of ketamine masked by surgical anesthesia in patients with depression. NATURE MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 1:876-886. [PMID: 38188539 PMCID: PMC10769130 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-023-00140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Ketamine may have antidepressant properties, but its acute psychoactive effects complicate successful masking in placebo-controlled trials. We present a single-center, parallel-arm, triple-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessing the antidepressant efficacy of intravenous ketamine masked by surgical anesthesia (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03861988). Forty adult patients with major depressive disorder who were scheduled for routine surgery were randomized to a single infusion of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or placebo (saline) during usual anesthesia. All participants, investigators, and direct patient care staff were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was depression severity measured by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) at 1, 2, and 3 days post-infusion. After all follow-up visits, participants were asked to guess which intervention they received. A mixed-effects model showed no evidence of effect of treatment assignment on the primary outcome (-5.82, 95% CI -13.3 to 1.64, p=0.13). 36.8% of participants guessed their treatment assignment correctly; both groups allocated their guesses in similar proportions. In conclusion, a single dose of intravenous ketamine delivered during surgical anesthesia had no greater effect than placebo in acutely reducing the severity of depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder. This trial successfully masked treatment allocation in moderate-to-severely depressed patients using surgical anesthesia. Although this masking strategy is impractical for most placebo-controlled trials, future studies of novel antidepressants with acute psychoactive effects should make efforts to fully mask treatment assignment in order to minimize subject-expectancy bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa R Lii
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ashleigh E Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Josephine R Flohr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robin L Okada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia A Nyongesa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa J Cianfichi
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura M Hack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Boris D Heifets
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Bojic S, Ladjevic N, Palibrk I, Soldatovic I, Likic-Ladjevic I, Meissner W, Zaslansky R, Stamer UM, Baumbach P, Stamenkovic D. Cost-effectiveness of the Perioperative Pain Management Bundle a registry-based study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1157484. [PMID: 37744520 PMCID: PMC10513912 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1157484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Perioperative Pain Management Bundle was introduced in 10 Serbian PAIN OUT network hospitals to improve the quality of postoperative pain management. The Bundle consists of 4 elements: informing patients about postoperative pain treatment options; administering a full daily dose of 1-2 non-opioid analgesics; administering regional blocks and/or surgical wound infiltration; and assessing pain after surgery. In this study, we aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the Bundle during the initial 24 h after surgery. Materials and methods The assessment of cost-effectiveness was carried out by comparing patients before and after Bundle implementation and by comparing patients who received all Bundle elements to those with no Bundle element. Costs of postoperative pain management included costs of the analgesic medications, costs of labor for administering these medications, and related disposable materials. A multidimensional Pain Composite Score (PCS), the effectiveness measurement, was obtained by averaging variables from the International Pain Outcomes questionnaire evaluating pain intensity, interference of pain with activities and emotions, and side effects of analgesic medications. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated as the incremental change in costs divided by the incremental change in PCS and plotted on the cost-effectiveness plane along with the economic preference analysis. Results The ICER value calculated when comparing patients before and after Bundle implementation was 181.89 RSD (1.55 EUR) with plotted ICERs located in the northeast and southeast quadrants of the cost-effectiveness plane. However, when comparing patients with no Bundle elements and those with all four Bundle elements, the calculated ICER was -800.63 RSD (-6.82 EUR) with plotted ICERs located in the southeast quadrant of the cost-effectiveness plane. ICER values differ across surgical disciplines. Conclusion The proposed perioperative pain management Bundle is cost-effective. The cost-effectiveness varies depending on the number of implemented Bundle elements and fluctuates across surgical disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Bojic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Medical Centre “Dr. Dragisa Misovic – Dedinje”, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Ladjevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Centre of Anaesthesia and Resuscitation University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Palibrk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Centre of Anaesthesia and Resuscitation University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Soldatovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Likic-Ladjevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Winfried Meissner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ruth Zaslansky
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike M Stamer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Baumbach
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dusica Stamenkovic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Should Ketamine Not Be Banned? A Scoping Review. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 17:e47. [PMID: 34664549 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the importance of ketamine in clinical practice and in resource-poor settings and disaster zones, several attempts were made to reschedule it because of the issues around its misuse. Resisting future moves to reschedule ketamine is important for its continuous availability where needed. This scoping review addresses the question of whether ketamine should or should not be banned and the state of preparedness of low resource settings if ketamine petitions become successful in the future. METHODS A search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify articles published in the English language from March 2015 to August 2020. The articles were searched with a wide range of priori search terms related to the research questions. The selection of articles was based on relevance and eligibility. RESULTS Seventy-five articles were selected and grouped into 4 ethical themes. The search revealed that several articles addressed the importance of ketamine, pharmacology, misuse, supply, and consequences of a ketamine ban; however, none addressed how resource-poor countries should prepare for a future without the overreliance of ketamine. CONCLUSION Four ketamine petitions in about 10 years are an indication that another may resurface soon; therefore, it is important to continue to study the clinical importance of ketamine while discouraging its overreliance for clinical practice.
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Chen J, Hu W, Li SM, Li XL, Yang ZM. The efficacy of ketamine in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial protocol. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20645. [PMID: 32541504 PMCID: PMC7302669 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate pain management is essential to improve the postoperative recovery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). There is a paucity of literature on ketamine for TKA procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ketamine in patients undergoing primary TKA. METHODS This study was designed as a prospective, double blind, single center, randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to either the ketamine or placebo groups, using a set of random numbers for the allocation sequence. All patients underwent TKA without patella resurfacing under spinal anesthesia. Preoperative workup, surgical technique, and postoperative management were standardized for all the patients. The primary outcome of this noninferiority study is opioid consumption within the first 24 hours following surgery, pain scores, distance ambulated, patient satisfaction, length of hospital stay, and complications. RESULTS The results of this study were expected to provide useful information on the effectiveness and safety of ketamine for immediate postoperative analgesia after TKA surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry5575).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningxia Armed Police Corps Hospital, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningxia Armed Police Corps Hospital, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
| | - Zhan-Min Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
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