Aerobic versus resistance exercises on systemic inflammation and sleep parameters in obese subjects with chronic insomnia syndrome

Sleep Disorders in Connective Tissue Diseases-Coexisting Diseases or Disease Components?

This comprehensive review examines the complex relationship between sleep disorders and rheumatic diseases, supported by findings from the latest research articles. It encompasses various rheumatic conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis. The review reveals the bidirectional relationship between sleep disorders and these diseases, emphasizing their impact on disease progression and quality of life. Conventional and alternative therapeutic interventions for connective tissue diseases are presented, focusing on improving sleep quality and alleviating rheumatic symptoms. The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their potential modulation through pharmacological agents is also discussed. In the treatment of sleep disorders, various options are proposed, such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, physical activity, dietary modifications, and alternative approaches like reflexology and acupuncture. Thus, this review offers a nuanced understanding of the connection between sleep disorders and rheumatic diseases, supported by evidence from diverse studies. Such an approach is particularly important because it enhances sleep quality for overall patient well-being in the holistic management of rheumatic conditions.

Role of exercise in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with sleep disorders

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death among urban and rural residents and have become a major global public health problem. The prevention and control of cardiovascular disease risk factors is crucial for preventing, stabilizing, and even reversing cardiovascular disease. Studies have found that certain sleep disorders are directly related to cardiovascular disease and may be induced through pathways such as endothelial dysfunction, dysregulation of autonomic homeostasis, inflammatory response, and metabolic dysfunction. Exercise helps improve sleep disorders and thus reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and has irreplaceable advantages over pharmacological treatments for improving sleep. Different types of sleep disorders should be adjusted by factors such as exercise mode, intensity, and duration of exercise. A good sleep state further reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. Discussing the effect of exercise on the improvement of the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with sleep disorders, and elaborating the mechanism of action of exercise in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease from the perspective of sleep, can lay a foundation for the treatment of sleep disorders by exercise and propose new directions for reducing cardiovascular disease risk.

The effects of exercise on insomnia disorders: An umbrella review and network meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

To summarize the evidence of various exercise modalities on population with insomnia disorders.

METHOD

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies published from inception to October 2022 and updated on September 2023. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials designed to investigate the effect of various exercise modalities on population with insomnia were eligible.

RESULTS

A total of 4 SRs with (very) low methodological quality and 1034 participants in 10 network meta-analyses explored the association between different types and intensity exercise modalities with insomnia disorders. Various exercise modalities could significantly improve total sleep time and sleep quality and alleviate insomnia severity. Compared to passive control, moderate aerobic exercise, moderate aerobic exercise combined with light intensity strength and mind-body exercise can improve sleep efficiency and reduce wake after sleep onset by objectively measured. Moderate intensity strength, light intensity strength and mind-body exercise can improve sleep efficiency subjectively measured; mind-body exercise can reduce sleep onset latency and wake time after sleep onset, and increase total sleep time; moderate aerobic exercise can reduce sleep onset latency. Moderate intensity strength, light intensity strength, mind body exercise and moderate aerobic exercise combined with light intensity strength can the severity of insomnia and improv sleep quality.

CONCLUSION

Exercise had a positive effect on relief insomnia and improve sleep quality. Moderate aerobic exercise, mind-body exercise and moderate aerobic exercise combined with light intensity strength play an important role in improving the sleep quality in people with insomnia disorders.

Exercise may not just be good for sleep; It can also help lower cardiovascular event risk

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) stand at the forefront of global mortality, presenting an immense and urgent public health challenge on a global scale. Effectively addressing the associated risk factors is pivotal in not only preventing but also stabilizing and potentially reversing the progression of these conditions. Emerging research illuminates a compelling correlation between sleep disorders and CVD. Clinically, individuals afflicted with existing CVD or those possessing risk factors frequently grapple with sleep disturbances, exacerbating their conditions, particularly in severe cases where disease progression is accelerated. Even among ostensibly healthy individuals, chronic sleep deprivation exacts a toll on cardiovascular function. The strategic implementation of exercise interventions emerges as a potent tool in enhancing sleep quality, surpassing the efficacy of pharmaceutical treatments. Furthermore, the maintenance of optimal sleep patterns significantly contributes to lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This comprehensive review delves deeply into the intricate relationship between exercise and the amelioration of cardiovascular disease risk associated with sleep. Moreover, it meticulously elucidates the complex mechanisms through which exercise operates, effectively reducing cardiovascular disease risk from the unique perspective of sleep science.

Patterns of sedentary behaviour in adults with acute insomnia derived from actigraphy data

BACKGROUND

Sleep disorders, such as insomnia, have been associated with extended periods of inactive, sedentary behaviour. Many factors contribute to insomnia, including stress, irregular sleep patterns, mental health issues, inadequate sleeping schedules, diseases, neurological disorders and prescription medications.

OBJECTIVES

Identification of the patterns of sedentary time and its duration in adults with acute insomnia and healthy controls to determine the statistically significant sedentary bouts; comparison of the sedentary behaviour patterns in acute insomnia adults with healthy controls.

METHODS

We investigate the daytime actigraphy data and identify temporal patterns of inactivity among adults with acute insomnia and healthy adults. Seven days of actigraphy data were utilised to calculate sedentary time and bouts of variable duration based on a threshold of activity counts (<100 counts per minute). Statistical analysis was applied to investigate sedentary bouts and total sedentary time during weekdays and weekend. A logistic regression model has been used to determine the significance of sedentary bouts.

RESULTS

We found that individuals with acute insomnia accumulate a significant amount of their sedentary time in medium (6-30 minutes and 31-60 minutes) and longer (more than 60 minutes) duration bouts in comparison to healthy adults. Furthermore, a low p value for total sedentary time (2.54 ⋅ 10-4) association with acute insomnia supports the finding that acute insomnia individuals are significantly more engaged in sedentary activities compared to healthy controls. Also, as shown by the weekend vs weekday analysis, the physical and sedentary activity patterns of acute insomnia adults demonstrate higher variability during the weekdays in comparison to the weekend.

CONCLUSION

The results of the present study demonstrate that adults with acute insomnia spend more time in low-intensity daily physical activities compared to healthy adults.

The impact of physical activity on objective sleep of people with insomnia

The aim of our study was to investigate if physical activity has a beneficial impact on insomnia. A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed database using the terms "Physical activity" and "Insomnia" and 591 records were retrieved. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines were followed and fifteen articles were considered eligible for further analysis. Participants were mainly female, between 40 and 60 years; design studies were variable and most studies involved long-term interventions; insomnia definition was mainly based on diagnostic criteria or considered a specific cut-off point of well-known insomnia questionnaires; sleep was mostly assessed with polysomnography (PSG) or actigraphy; physical activity interventions included different methodologies (predominantly treadmill exercise). A beneficial effect of physical activity on insomnia was observed in most studies when sleep was evaluated with PSG or actigraphy. Sleep efficiency was the objective sleep parameter that mainly provided statistically significant results, as expected, followed by sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset and, less frequently, total sleep time. Using objective methods to assess sleep in insomnia might be useful to support subjective insomnia complaints and to evaluate the efficacy of physical activity interventions in ameliorating sleep of people with insomnia.

A nationally representative study of aerobic activity and strength training in older cancer survivors and their psychological distress and sleep difficulties

OBJECTIVE

To examine the prevalence of different levels of aerobic activity and strength training in older cancer survivors and their associations with psychological distress and sleep difficulties.

METHODS

We used cross-sectional data from the 2016-2018 National Health Interview Survey on 3,425 survivors aged ≥ 65 years. Individuals were classified into active, insufficiently active, and inactive categories, and by whether they reported strength training at least twice per week. The outcome variables were self-reported psychological distress, trouble falling asleep, trouble staying asleep, and trouble waking up feeling rested. Multivariate logistic models were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS

Only 35.2% of older survivors reached the recommended aerobic activity guidelines, and 12% had strength training at least twice per week. A total of 626 (18.3%) reported at least moderate psychological distress, and 1,137 (33.2%) had trouble staying asleep. For survivors who reported strength training less than two times per week, being insufficiently active or inactive was associated with worse psychological distress (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.17-1.97; OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.02-1.64) and more sleep difficulties (OR ranging from 1.33 to 2.07). Among active survivors, strength training two or more times per week was associated with more trouble staying asleep (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.06-2.58).

CONCLUSIONS

Most older cancer survivors did not meet the recommended physical activity guidelines and suffered from psychological distress and sleep difficulties. Additional research may be needed to examine the effects of frequent muscle strength training on sleep quality.