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Kim HJ, Jung Y, Kim MJ, Kim HY. Novel Heptaplex PCR-Based Diagnostics for Enteric Fever Caused by Typhoidal Salmonella Serovars and Its Applicability in Clinical Blood Culture. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1457-1466. [PMID: 37674393 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2307.07031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Enteric fever is caused by typhoidal Salmonella serovars (Typhi, Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B, and Paratyphi C). Owing to the importance of Salmonella serovars in clinics and public hygiene, reliable diagnostics for typhoidal serovars are crucial. This study aimed to develop a novel diagnostic tool for typhoidal Salmonella serovars and evaluate the use of human blood for clinically diagnosing enteric fever. Five genes were selected to produce specific PCR results against typhoidal Salmonella serovars based on the genes of Salmonella Typhi. Heptaplex PCR, including genetic markers of generic Salmonella, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, and typhoidal Salmonella serovars, was developed. Typhoidal Salmonella heptaplex PCR using genomic DNAs from 200 Salmonella strains (112 serovars) provided specifically amplified PCR products for each typhoidal Salmonella serovar. These results suggest that heptaplex PCR can sufficiently discriminate between typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars. Heptaplex PCR was applied to Salmonella-spiked blood cultures directly and provided diagnostic results after 12- or 13.5-h blood culture. Additionally, it demonstrated diagnostic performance with colonies recovered from a 6-h blood culture. This study provides a reliable DNA-based tool for diagnosing typhoidal Salmonella serovars that may be useful in clinical microbiology and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joong Kim
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Younsik Jung
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources and the Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ju Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources and the Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources and the Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104 Republic of Korea
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2
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Koh Y, Bae Y, Lee MJ, Lee YS, Kang DH, Kim SH. Comparative Analysis of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Thompson Isolates associated with Outbreaks Using PFGE and wgMLST. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1605-1614. [PMID: 36398444 PMCID: PMC9843761 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2210.10010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The strains associated with foodborne Salmonella enterica Thompson outbreaks in Korea have not been identified. Therefore, we characterized S. Thompson strains isolated from chocolate cakes linked to foodborne outbreaks in Korea. A total of 56 strains were isolated from preserved cake products, products in the supply chain distribution, the manufacturer's apparatus, and egg white liquid products used for cream preparation. Subsequently, serological typing, pathogenic gene-targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and whole-genome multi-locus sequence typing (wgMLST) were performed to characterize these isolates. The antigen formula of all isolates was 7:k:1,5, namely Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Thompson. All 56 isolates harbored invA, his, hin, and stn, and were negative for sefA and spvC based on gene-targeted PCR analyses. Based on PFGE results, these isolates were classified into one group based on the same SP6X01.011 pattern with 100% similarity. We selected 19 strains based on the region and sample type, which were subjected to wgMLST. Although the examined strains showed 100% similarity, they were classified into seven clusters based on allelic differences. According to our findings, the cause of these outbreaks was chocolate cake manufactured with egg white liquid contaminated with the same Salmonella Thompson. Additionally, comparative analysis of wgMLST on domestic isolates of S. Thompson from the three outbreaks showed genetic similarities of over 99.6%. Based on the results, the PFGE and wgMLST combination can provide highly resolved phylogeny and reliable evidence during Salmonella outbreak investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngho Koh
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea,Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunyoung Bae
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Si Lee
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kang
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,
D.H. Kang Phone: +82-2-880-2697 E-mail:
| | - Soon Han Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors S.H. Kim Phone: +82-43-719-4303 Fax: +82-43-719-4300 E-mail:
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Koh Y, Bae Y, Lee YS, Kang DH, Kim SH. Prevalence and Characteristics of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Raw Chicken Meat in the Republic of Korea. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1307-1314. [PMID: 36198666 PMCID: PMC9668092 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2207.07031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we sought to investigate the various characteristics of Salmonella spp. isolated from raw chicken meats available in Korean markets. The data collected, such as food source of isolation, sampling information, serotype, virulence, and genetic profile including sequence type, were registered in the database for further comparative analysis of the strains isolated from the traceback investigation samples. To characterize serotype, virulence and gene sequences, we examined 113 domestically distributed chicken meat samples for contamination with Salmonella spp. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted on 24 strains (21.2%) of Salmonella isolated from 113 commercially available chicken meats and by-products, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Serotyping of the isolated Salmonella spp. revealed S. Enteritidis in 11 strains (45.8%), S. Virchow in 6 strains (25%), S. Montevideo in 2 strains (8.3%), S. Bsilla in 2 strains (8.3%), S. Bareilly in 1 strain (4.2%), S. Dessau in 1 strain (4.2%), and S. Albany in 1 strain (4.2%). The genetic correlation indicated that 24 isolated strains were classified into 18 clusters with a genetic similarity of 64.4-100% between them. Eleven isolated S. Enteritidis strains were classified into 9 genotypes with a sequence identity of 74.4%, whereas the most distantly related S. Virchow was divided into five genotypes with 85.9% identity. Here, the MLST analysis indicated that the major Sequence Type (ST) of the Salmonella spp. isolated from domestic chicken sold in Chungcheong Province belongs to the ST 11 and 16, which differs from the genotype of Salmonella isolated from imported chicken. The differential sequence characteristics can be a genetic marker for identifying causative bacteria for epidemiological investigations of food poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngho Koh
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea,Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunyoung Bae
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Si Lee
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kang
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,
D.H. Kang Phone: +82-880-2697 E-mail:
| | - Soon Han Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authorsS. H. Kim Phone: +82-43-719-4303 Fax: +82-43-719-4303 E-mail:
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4
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Ríos-Castillo A, Ripolles-Avila C, Rodríguez-Jerez J. Detection of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes biofilm cells exposed to different drying and pre-enrichment times using conventional and rapid methods. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 324:108611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Lee JS, Kacem N, Kim WS, Peng DQ, Kim YJ, Joung YG, Lee C, Lee HG. Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii Supplementation on Performance and Physiological Traits of Holstein Calves under Heat Stress Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9080510. [PMID: 31370319 PMCID: PMC6719173 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) supplement on the performance and physiological traits of Holstein calves under heat stress were investigated using a climatic chamber. We revealed that supplementation with SB incorporated into milk replacer can ameliorate the negative impact of heat stress on Holstein dairy calves by increasing dry matter intake (DMI), reducing rectal temperature and heart rate, and alleviating diarrhea via modulating pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract. The results showed that SB can be used as an alternative anti-stressor in the diet of young dairy calves under heat stress (HS). Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-1079 (SB) as a feed additive on performance, diarrhea frequency, rectal temperature, heart rate, water consumption, cortisol level, and fecal bacteria population in Holstein calves (28 ± 1.6 days of age, body weight of 45.6 ± 1.44 kg, n = 16) under thermal neutral (TN) and heat stress (HS) conditions. During the TN period for 21 days (d 1 to 21), calves receiving SB showed quadratic or linear effects compared to the control group, showing higher dry matter intake (DMI, p = 0.002), and water consumption (p = 0.007) but lower frequency of fecal diarrhea (p = 0.008), rectal temperature (p < 0.001), heart rate (p < 0.001), and fecal microbiota at 21 day (Escherichia coli, p = 0.025; Enterobacteriaceae, p = 0.041). Meanwhile, calves exposed to HS for 7 days (d 22 to 28) receiving SB showed quadratic or linear effects compared to the control group, showing higher DMI (p = 0.002) but lower water consumption (p = 0.023), rectal temperature (p = 0.026), and cortisol level (p = 0.014). Our results suggest that live SB is useful in the livestock industry as an alternative to conventional medication (especially in times of suspected health problems) that can be added to milk replacer for young dairy calves experiencing HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Nouali Kacem
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Won-Seob Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Team of an Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dong Qiao Peng
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Team of an Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | | | - Chanhee Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, OARDC, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691, USA
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
- Team of an Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Hu L, Stones R, Brown EW, Allard MW, Ma LM, Zhang G. DNA sequences and predicted protein structures of prot6E and sefA genes for Salmonella ser. Enteritidis detection. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Nadin-Davis S, Pope L, Ogunremi D, Brooks B, Devenish J. A real-time PCR regimen for testing environmental samples for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars of concern to the poultry industry, with special focus on Salmonella Enteritidis. Can J Microbiol 2018; 65:162-173. [PMID: 30395482 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A real-time PCR (qPCR) regimen, using up to six genetic targets, was developed to rapidly detect Salmonella and in particular identify Salmonella Enteritidis. The test regimen was first evaluated using a reference culture collection of Salmonella to confirm the appropriateness of the selected targets, which included up to three genetic markers for discrimination of Salmonella Enteritidis from other Salmonella serovars commonly found in poultry facilities. The qPCR procedure was then compared with culture methods used to detect Salmonella using a collection of enrichment broths previously generated from 239 environmental samples collected from a large number of hatchery facilities across Canada over several years. The qPCR regimen facilitated specific detection of Salmonella Enteritidis, and on a sample basis, it showed excellent agreement with the culture methods. Moreover, in many cases, qPCR detected Salmonella earlier in the culture process than did the culture method. Application of this method will significantly shorten test times and allow more timely identification of infected poultry premises, thereby improving present programmes aimed at controlling Salmonella Enteritidis at the environmental source.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nadin-Davis
- Animal Health Microbiology, Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada.,Animal Health Microbiology, Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada
| | - L Pope
- Animal Health Microbiology, Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada.,Animal Health Microbiology, Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada
| | - D Ogunremi
- Animal Health Microbiology, Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada
| | - B Brooks
- Animal Health Microbiology, Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada
| | - J Devenish
- Animal Health Microbiology, Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada.,Animal Health Microbiology, Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada
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8
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Hu L, Ma LM, Zheng S, He X, Hammack TS, Brown EW, Zhang G. Development of a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of Salmonella ser. Enteritidis from egg products. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Kim DH, Jeong D, Kang IB, Kim H, Seo KH. Development of a rapid and reliable TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR assay for the detection and enumeration of the multifaceted yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus in dairy products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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Li X, Liu L, Li Q, Xu G, Zheng J. Salmonella Enteritidis in Layer Farms of Different Sizes Located in Northern China: On-Farm Sampling and Detection by the PCR Method. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- China Agricultural University, China
| | - L Liu
- China Agricultural University, China
| | - Q Li
- China Agricultural University, China
| | - G Xu
- China Agricultural University, China
| | - J Zheng
- China Agricultural University, China
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11
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Li J, Feng J, Ma L, de la Fuente Núñez C, Gölz G, Lu X. Effects of meat juice on biofilm formation of Campylobacter and Salmonella. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 253:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Hu L, Ma L, Zheng S, He X, Wang H, Brown E, Hammack T, Zhang G. Evaluation of 3M Molecular Detection System and ANSR Pathogen Detection System for rapid detection of Salmonella from egg products. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1410-1418. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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13
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Ogunremi D, Nadin-Davis S, Dupras AA, Márquez IG, Omidi K, Pope L, Devenish J, Burke T, Allain R, Leclair D. Evaluation of a Multiplex PCR Assay for the Identification of Salmonella Serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium Using Retail and Abattoir Samples. J Food Prot 2017; 80:295-301. [PMID: 28221989 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex PCR was developed to identify the two most common serovars of Salmonella causing foodborne illness in Canada, namely, serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium. The PCR was designed to amplify DNA fragments from four Salmonella genes, namely, invA gene (211-bp fragment), iroB gene (309-bp fragment), Typhimurium STM 4497 (523-bp fragment), and Enteritidis SE147228 (612-bp fragment). In addition, a 1,026-bp ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragment universally present in bacterial species was included in the assay as an internal control fragment. The detection rate of the PCR was 100% among Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 92) and Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 33) isolates. All tested Salmonella isolates (n = 194) were successfully identified based on the amplification of at least one Salmonella -specific DNA fragment. None of the four Salmonella DNA amplicons were detected in any of the non- Salmonella isolates (n = 126), indicating an exclusivity rate of 100%. When applied to crude extracts of 2,001 field isolates of Salmonella obtained during the course of a national microbiological baseline study in broiler chickens and chicken products sampled from abattoir and retail outlets, 163 isolates, or 8.1%, tested positive for Salmonella Enteritidis and another 80 isolates, or 4.0%, tested as Salmonella Typhimurium. All isolates identified by serological testing as Salmonella Enteritidis in the microbiological study were also identified by using the multiplex PCR. The new test can be used to identify or confirm pure isolates of the two serovars and is also amenable for integration into existing culture procedures for accurate detection of Salmonella colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dele Ogunremi
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Susan Nadin-Davis
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Andrée Ann Dupras
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Imelda Gálvan Márquez
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Katayoun Omidi
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Louise Pope
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - John Devenish
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Teresa Burke
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Ray Allain
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Daniel Leclair
- Food Safety Science Division, Floor 5, 1400 Merivale Road, Tower 2, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y9
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Kim DH, Kang IB, Jeong D, Kim H, Kim HS, Lee SK, Song KY, Seo KH. Development of rapid and highly specific TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR assay for the identification and enumeration of Lactobacillus kefiri in kefir milk. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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15
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Kim JY, Lee J. Rapid Detection of
Salmonella Enterica
Serovar Enteritidis from Eggs and Chicken Meat by Real‐Time Recombinase Polymerase Amplification in Comparison with the Two‐Step Real‐Time PCR. J Food Saf 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeun Kim
- Department of Human Ecology, Food Science and Biotechnology ProgramCollege of Agriculture and Related Sciences, Delaware State UniversityDover DE
| | - Jung‐Lim Lee
- Department of Human Ecology, Food Science and Biotechnology ProgramCollege of Agriculture and Related Sciences, Delaware State UniversityDover DE
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16
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Kim DH, Chon JW, Kim HS, Yim JH, Kim H, Seo KH. Rapid detection of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens in kefir grain and kefir milk using newly developed real-time PCR. J Food Prot 2015; 78:855-8. [PMID: 25836417 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens is an indicator microorganism for kefir and a key factor in kefir grain formation and kefiran production. We designed a novel real-time PCR primer and probe set, LKF_KU504, for the rapid detection of L. kefiranofaciens. In inclusivity and exclusivity tests, only 14 L. kefiranofaciens strains were positive among 61 microorganisms, indicating 100 % sensitivity and specificity. The LKF_KU504 set also differentiated kefir milk from 30 commercial nonkefir yogurts. The levels of L. kefiranofaciens in kefir grain and kefir milk were significantly different, indicating L. kefiranofaciens was more concentrated in kefir grain than in kefir milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Kim
- Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Yim
- Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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17
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Mangal M, Bansal S, Sharma SK, Gupta RK. Molecular Detection of Foodborne Pathogens: A Rapid and Accurate Answer to Food Safety. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:1568-84. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.782483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Aptamer-based technology for food analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:603-24. [PMID: 25338114 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are short and functional single-stranded oligonucleotide sequences selected from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process, which have the capacity to recognize various classes of target molecules with high affinity and specificity. Various analytical aptamers acquired by SELEX are widely used in many research fields, such as medicine, biology, and chemistry. However, the application of this innovative and emerging technology to food safety is just in infant stage. Food safety plays a very important role in our daily lives because varieties of poisonous and harmful substances in food affect human health. Aptamer technique is promising, which can overcome many disadvantages of existing detection methods in food safety, such as long detection time, low sensitivity, difficult, and expensive antibody preparation. This review provides an overview of various aptamer screening technologies and summarizes the recent applications of aptamers in food safety, and future prospects are also discussed.
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Barbau-Piednoir E, Botteldoorn N, Mahillon J, Dierick K, Roosens NH. Fast and discriminative CoSYPS detection system of viable Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. in carcass swab samples. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 192:103-10. [PMID: 25440553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the complete CoSYPS Path Food workflow including all steps, namely swab sample enrichment, SYBR®Green qPCR detection of Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp., isolation and confirmation of the detected strain, was validated on beef carcass swabs. To perform the validation, the results of the complete workflow were compared, according to the ISO 16140:2003, with the ISO reference methods for detection, isolation and confirmation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. The results showed that the relative level of detection and the limit of detection of the complete workflow and ISO reference methods are in a range from 2 to 16 CFU/swab for both bacteria. The relative specificity, sensitivity and accuracy identified during this validation were all 100% since the results obtained with the complete CoSYPS Path Food workflow and the ISO reference methods were identical (Cohen's kappa index=1.00). In addition the complete CoSYPS Path Food workflow is able to provide detection results (negative or presumptive positive) in half the time needed as for the ISO reference methods. These results demonstrate that the performance of the complete CoSYPS Path Food workflow is not only comparable to the ISO reference methods but also provides a faster response for the verification of beef carcasses before commercial distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Barbau-Piednoir
- Scientific Service Food-borne pathogens, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Platform Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nadine Botteldoorn
- Scientific Service Food-borne pathogens, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jacques Mahillon
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Katelijne Dierick
- Scientific Service Food-borne pathogens, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nancy H Roosens
- Platform Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium.
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Rodriguez-Lazaro D, Gonzalez-García P, Delibato E, De Medici D, García-Gimeno RM, Valero A, Hernandez M. Next day Salmonella spp. detection method based on real-time PCR for meat, dairy and vegetable food products. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 184:113-20. [PMID: 24713474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The microbiological standard for detection of Salmonella relies on several cultural steps and requires more than 5 days for final confirmation, and as consequence there is a need for an alternative rapid methodology for its detection. The aim of this study was to compare different detection strategies based on real-time PCR for a rapid and sensitive detection in an ample range of food products: raw pork and poultry meat, ready to eat lettuce salad and raw sheep milk cured cheese. Three main parameters were evaluated to reduce the time and cost for final results: the initial sample size (25 and 50 g), the incubation times (6, 10 and 18 h) and the bacterial DNA extraction (simple boiling of the culture after washing the bacterial pellet, the use of the Chelex resin, and a commercial silica column). The results obtained demonstrate that a combination of an incubation in buffered peptone water for 18 h of a 25 g-sample coupled to a DNA extraction by boiling and a real-time PCR assay detected down to 2-4 Salmonella spp.CFU per sample in less than 21 h in different types of food products. This RTi-PCR-based method is fully compatible with the ISO standard, providing results more rapidly and cost-effectively. The results were confirmed in a large number of naturally contaminated food samples with at least the same analytical performance as the reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rodriguez-Lazaro
- Subdirección de Investigación y Tecnología, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Carretera de Burgos Km, 119 Valladolid, Spain; Microbiology Section, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bauñuelos s/n, 9001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Patricia Gonzalez-García
- Subdirección de Investigación y Tecnología, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Carretera de Burgos Km, 119 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Delibato
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Veterinary Public Health and Food SafetyDepartment, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario De Medici
- Subdirección de Investigación y Tecnología, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Carretera de Burgos Km, 119 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria García-Gimeno
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Darwin 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Valero
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Darwin 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marta Hernandez
- Subdirección de Investigación y Tecnología, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Carretera de Burgos Km, 119 Valladolid, Spain
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Park SH, Aydin M, Khatiwara A, Dolan MC, Gilmore DF, Bouldin JL, Ahn S, Ricke SC. Current and emerging technologies for rapid detection and characterization of Salmonella in poultry and poultry products. Food Microbiol 2014; 38:250-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Zhang G, Thau E, Brown EW, Hammack TS. Comparison of a novel strategy for the detection and isolation of Salmonella in shell eggs with the Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual method. Poult Sci 2014; 92:3266-74. [PMID: 24235238 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) method for the detection of Salmonella in eggs requires 2 wk to complete. The objective of this project was to improve the BAM method for the detection and isolation of Salmonella in whole shell eggs. A novel protocol, using 1,000 g of liquid eggs for direct preenrichment with 2 L of tryptic soy broth (TSB) followed by enrichment using Rappaport-Vassiliadis and Tetrathionate broths, was compared with the standard BAM method, which requires 96 h room temperature incubation of whole shell egg samples followed by preenrichment in TSB supplemented with FeSO4. Four Salmonella ser. Enteritidis (4 phage types) and one Salmonella ser. Heidelberg isolates were used in the study. Bulk inoculated pooled liquid eggs, weighing 52 or 56 kg (approximately 1,100 eggs) were used in each trial. Twenty 1,000-g test portions were withdrawn from the pooled eggs for both the alternative and the reference methods. Test portions were inoculated with Salmonella at 1 to 5 cfu/1,000 g eggs. Two replicates were performed for each isolate. In the 8 trials conducted with Salmonella ser. Enteritidis, the alternative method was significantly (P < 0.05) more productive than the reference method in 3 trials, and significantly (P < 0.05) less productive than the reference method in 1 trial. There were no significant (P < 0.05) differences between the 2 methods for the other 4 trials. For Salmonella ser. Heidelberg, combined data from 2 trials showed the alternative method was significantly (P < 0.05) more efficient than the BAM method. We have concluded that the alternative method, described herein, has the potential to replace the current BAM culture method for detection and isolation of Salmonella from shell eggs based on the following factors: 1) the alternative method is 4 d shorter than the reference method; 2) it uses regular TSB instead of the more complicated TSB supplemented with FeSO4; and 3) it was equivalent or superior to the reference method in 9 out of 10 trials for the detection of Salmonella in shell eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740
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23
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Enumeration of salmonellae in table eggs, pasteurized egg products, and egg-containing dishes by using quantitative real-time PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:1616-22. [PMID: 24362433 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03360-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellae are a major cause of food-borne outbreaks in Europe, with eggs and egg products being identified as major sources. Due to the low levels of salmonellae in eggs and egg products, direct quantification is difficult. In the present study, enrichment quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was employed for enumeration of salmonellae in different matrices: table eggs, pasteurized egg products, and egg-containing dishes. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and S. enterica serovar Tennessee were used to artificially contaminate these matrices. The results showed a linear regression between the numbers of salmonellae and the quantification cycle (Cq) values for all matrices used, with the exception of pasteurized egg white. Standard curves were constructed by using both stationary-phase cells and heat-stressed cells, with similar results. Finally, this method was used to evaluate the fate of salmonellae in two egg-containing dishes, long egg and tiramisu, at abused refrigeration temperatures, and results indicated the growth of bacteria over a 1-week period. In conclusion, enrichment qPCR was shown to be reliable for enumeration of salmonellae in different egg products.
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24
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Relative accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of a 5' nuclease real-time PCR assay for Salmonella detection in naturally contaminated pork cuts. Mol Cell Probes 2013; 28:133-7. [PMID: 24341992 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the relative sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of a Real-Time PCR assay for Salmonella detection in naturally contaminated pork cuts were evaluated in comparison with the ISO 6579:2004 reference culture method. Meat samples were collected from packaging up to the end of shelf life from 10 different lots over a year. The PCR method included an 18 h pre-enrichment step in buffered peptone water, a DNA extraction step, and a final 5' nuclease Real-Time PCR assay, including an Internal Amplification Control (IAC) and targeting the ttrRSBCA locus. Based on the analysis of 480 sub-units (three sub-units for each sample), the relative sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the Real-Time PCR assay were 90, 78.7, and 82.9% respectively, corresponding to a Cohen's kappa value of 0.81 (very good agreement). These results suggest the PCR method as a rapid and accurate method for the quick check of meat lots before distribution. The ISO reference method might be applied only on positive Real-Time PCR samples for confirmatory and isolation purposes, mandatory in epidemiological investigations.
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Pasquali F, De Cesare A, Valero A, Olsen JE, Manfreda G. Improvement of sampling plans for Salmonella detection in pooled table eggs by use of real-time PCR. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 184:31-4. [PMID: 24380694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Eggs and egg products have been described as the most critical food vehicles of salmonellosis. The prevalence and level of contamination of Salmonella on table eggs are low, which severely affects the sensitivity of sampling plans applied voluntarily in some European countries, where one to five pools of 10 eggs are tested by the culture based reference method ISO 6579:2004. In the current study we have compared the testing-sensitivity of the reference culture method ISO 6579:2004 and an alternative real-time PCR method on Salmonella contaminated egg-pool of different sizes (4-9 uninfected eggs mixed with one contaminated egg) and contamination levels (10°-10(1), 10(1)-10(2), 10(2)-10(3)CFU/eggshell). Two hundred and seventy samples corresponding to 15 replicates per pool size and inoculum level were tested. At the lowest contamination level real-time PCR detected Salmonella in 40% of contaminated pools vs 12% using ISO 6579. The results were used to estimate the lowest number of sample units needed to be tested in order to have a 95% certainty not falsely to accept a contaminated lot by Monte Carlo simulation. According to this simulation, at least 16 pools of 10 eggs each are needed to be tested by ISO 6579 in order to obtain this confidence level, while the minimum number of pools to be tested was reduced to 8 pools of 9 eggs each, when real-time PCR was applied as analytical method. This result underlines the importance of including analytical methods with higher sensitivity in order to improve the efficiency of sampling and reduce the number of samples to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Pasquali
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via del Florio 2, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Alessandra De Cesare
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via del Florio 2, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Antonio Valero
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Darwin, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - John Emerdhal Olsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Gerardo Manfreda
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via del Florio 2, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
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26
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Adams DR, Stensland WR, Wang CH, O'Connor AM, Trampel DW, Harmon KM, Strait EL, Frana TS. Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in Pooled Poultry Environmental Samples Using a Serotype-Specific Real-Time–Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay. Avian Dis 2013; 57:22-8. [DOI: 10.1637/10279-061312-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Kimber MA, Kaur H, Wang L, Danyluk MD, Harris LJ. Survival of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes on inoculated almonds and pistachios stored at -19, 4, and 24° C. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1394-403. [PMID: 22856562 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The survival of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes was determined on almonds and pistachios held at typical storage temperatures. Almond kernels and inshell pistachios were inoculated with four- to six-strain cocktails of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, or L. monocytogenes at 6 log CFU/g and then dried for 72 h. After drying, inoculated nuts were stored at -19, 4, or 24°C for up to 12 months. During the initial drying period after inoculation, levels of all pathogens declined by 1 to -log CFU/g on both almonds and pistachios. During storage, moisture content (4.8%) and water activity (0.4) of the almonds and pistachios were consistent at -19°C; increased slowly to 6% and 0.6, respectively, at 4°C; and fluctuated from 4 to 5% and 0.3 to 0.5 at 24°C, respectively. Every 1 or 2 months, levels of each pathogen were enumerated by plating; samples were enriched when levels fell below the limit of detection. No reduction in population level was observed at -19 or 4°C for either pathogen, with the exception of E. coli O157:H7-inoculated almonds stored at 4°C (decline of 0.09 log CFU/g/month). At 24°C, initial rates of decline were 0.20, 0.60, and 0.71 log CFU/g/month on almonds and 0.15, 0.35, and 0.86 log CFU/g/month on pistachios for Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and L. monocytogenes, respectively, but distinct tailing of the survival curves was noted for both E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Kimber
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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28
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Hyeon JY, Chon JW, Choi IS, Park C, Kim DE, Seo KH. Development of RNA aptamers for detection of Salmonella Enteritidis. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 89:79-82. [PMID: 22310030 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We developed and evaluated RNA aptamers to analyze their potential for use in detecting Salmonella Enteritidis. The selected aptamer was observed to specifically bind to Salmonella Enteritidis without any cross-reactivity to other Salmonella serovars. Thus, this study suggests that aptamers specific to Salmonella Enteritidis have a high potential for use in presumptive presumptive screening methods or alternative serotyping methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Hyeon
- KU Center for Food Safety, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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29
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Ye X, Wang Y, Lin X. A gyrB-targeted PCR for Rapid Identification of Salmonella. Curr Microbiol 2011; 63:477-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-0007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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30
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Elizaquível P, Gabaldón J, Aznar R. Quantification of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in non-spiked food products and evaluation of real-time PCR as a diagnostic tool in routine food analysis. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Development of multiplex real-time PCR with Internal amplification control for simultaneous detection of Salmonella and Cronobacter in powdered infant formula. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 144:177-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Techathuvanan C, Draughon FA, D'Souza DH. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for the Rapid and Sensitive Detection ofSalmonella Typhimurium from Pork. J Food Sci 2010; 75:M165-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Muñoz N, Diaz-Osorio M, Moreno J, Sánchez-Jiménez M, Cardona-Castro N. Development and evaluation of a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction procedure to clinically type prevalent Salmonella enterica serovars. J Mol Diagn 2010; 12:220-5. [PMID: 20110454 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2010.090036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction procedure was developed to identify the most prevalent clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. Genes from the rfb, fliC, fljB, and viaB groups that encode the O, H, and Vi antigens were used to design 15 primer pairs and TaqMan probes specific for the genes rfbJ, wzx, fliC, fljB, wcdB, the sdf-l sequence, and invA, which was used as an internal amplification control. The primers and probes were variously combined into six sets. The first round of reactions used two of these sets to detect Salmonella O:4, O:9, O:7, O:8, and O:3,10 serogroups. Once the serogroups were identified, the results of a second round of reactions that used primers and probes for the flagellar antigen l genes, 1,2; e,h; g,m; d; e,n,x; and z(10), and the Vi gene were used to identify individual serovars. The procedure was standardized using 18 Salmonella reference strains and other enterobacteria. The procedure's reliability and sensitivity was evaluated using 267 randomly chosen serotyped Salmonella clinical isolates. The procedure had a sensitivity of 95.5% and was 100% specific. Thus, our technique is a quick, sensitive, reliable, and specific means of identifying S. enterica serovars and can be used in conjunction with traditional serotyping. Other primer and probe combinations could be used to increase the number of identifiable serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélida Muñoz
- Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Calle 26 51-20 CAN, Bogotá, Colombia.
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34
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Levin RE. The Use of Molecular Methods for Detecting and DiscriminatingSalmonellaAssociated with Foods — A Review. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430903320982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Park SH, Kim HJ, Cho WH, Kim JH, Oh MH, Kim SH, Lee BK, Ricke SC, Kim HY. Identification of Salmonella enterica subspecies I, Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis and Typhi using multiplex PCR. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 301:137-46. [PMID: 19843307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01809.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to develop a multiplex PCR method with five specific primer pairs for the detection of Salmonella spp., Salmonella subspecies I, Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium, Typhi and Enteritidis. A multiplex PCR was constructed with five primer pairs for the detection of Salmonella and pathogenic Salmonella serovars, including a specific primer pair for Salmonella Typhi, based on the sequence comparison between genomic DNA sequences of 12 Salmonella strains. Each primer pair was specifically targeted to Salmonella spp., Salmonella subspecies I, Salmonella Typhimurium, Typhi and Enteritidis. This multiplex PCR was evaluated with various DNAs of Salmonella serovars that yielded high specificity for amplifying the expected PCR products of Salmonella serovars. Using this primer pair, a set of multiplex PCR was performed for the rapid identification of salmonellae and major pathogenic Salmonella serovars. Although this multiplex PCR method will need to be evaluated for a wide range of Salmonella serovars among multilaboratories, it should be useful for identifying clinically significant strains of Salmonella serovars rapidly and accurately without the need for serological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hong Park
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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36
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Development of a cell culture method to isolate and enrich Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis from shell eggs for subsequent detection by real-time PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:5321-7. [PMID: 19561188 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02422-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis is a major cause of nontyphoidal salmonellosis from ingestion of contaminated raw or undercooked shell eggs. Current techniques used to identify Salmonella serotype Enteritidis in eggs are extremely laborious and time-consuming. In this study, a novel eukaryotic cell culture system was combined with real-time PCR analysis to rapidly identify Salmonella serotype Enteritidis in raw shell eggs. The system was compared to the standard microbiological method of the International Organization for Standardization (Anonymous, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs-horizontal method for the detection of Salmonella, 2002). The novel technique utilizes a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) as the host for the isolation and intracellular replication of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis. Exposure of macrophages to Salmonella serotype Enteritidis-contaminated eggs results in uptake and intracellular replication of the bacterium, which can subsequently be detected by real-time PCR analysis of the DNA released after disruption of infected macrophages. Macrophage monolayers were exposed to eggs contaminated with various quantities of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis. As few as 10 CFU/ml was detected in cell lysates from infected macrophages after 10 h by real-time PCR using primer and probe sets specific for DNA segments located on the Salmonella serotype Enteritidis genes sefA and orgC. Salmonella serotype Enteritidis could also be distinguished from other non-serogroup D Salmonella serotypes by using the sefA- and orgC-specific primer and probe sets. Confirmatory identification of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis in eggs was also achieved by isolation of intracellular bacteria from lysates of infected macrophages on xylose lysine deoxycholate medium. This method identifies Salmonella serotype Enteritidis from eggs in less than 10 h compared to the more than 5 days required for the standard reference microbiological method of the International Organization for Standardization (Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs-horizontal method for the detection of Salmonella, 2002).
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37
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Lee SH, Jung BY, Rayamahji N, Lee HS, Jeon WJ, Choi KS, Kweon CH, Yoo HS. A multiplex real-time PCR for differential detection and quantification of Salmonella spp., Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Enteritidis in meats. J Vet Sci 2009; 10:43-51. [PMID: 19255523 PMCID: PMC2801102 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2009.10.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella (S.) Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis are the major causative agents of food-borne illnesses worldwide. Currently, a rapid detection system using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been applied for other food-borne pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. A multiplex real-time PCR was developed for the simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., especially S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, in beef and pork. For the specific and sensitive multiplex real-time PCR, three representative primers and probes were designed based on sequence data from Genbank. Among the three DNA extraction methods (boiling, alkaline lysis, and QIAamp DNA Mini Kit), the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit was the most sensitive in this study. The optimized multiplex real-time PCR was applied to artificially inoculated beef or pork. The detection sensitivity of the multiplex real-time PCR was increased. The specificity of the multiplex real-time PCR assay, using 128 pure-cultured bacteria including 110 Salmonella isolates and 18 non-Salmonella isolates, was 100%, 100% and 99.1% for Salmonella spp., S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, respectively. The sensitivity was 100%, 100% and 91.7% for Salmonella spp., S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, respectively. The multiplex real-time PCR assay developed in this study could detect up to 0.54 ± 0.09 and 0.65 ± 0.07 log10 CFU/ml for S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis for beef, 1.45 ± 0.21 and 1.65 ± 0.07 log10 CFU/ml for S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis for pork, respectively, with all conditions optimized. Our results indicated that the multiplex real-time PCR assay developed in this study could sensitively detect Salmonella spp. and specifically differentiate S. Typhimurium from S. Enteritidis in meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hwa Lee
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang 430-824, Korea
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38
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Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Rapid Detection and Serovar Identification of Salmonella in Food and Feeding Stuff. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-008-9057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Elizaquível P, Gabaldón JA, Aznar R. Comparative Evaluation of RTi-PCR and Mini-VIDAS SLM System as Predictive Tools for the Routine Detection of Salmonella spp. in Naturally Contaminated Food Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-008-9042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Elizaquível P, Aznar R. A multiplex RTi-PCR reaction for simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus on fresh, minimally processed vegetables. Food Microbiol 2008; 25:705-13. [PMID: 18541170 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new multiplex single-tube real-time PCR approach is presented for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus, three of the more frequent food-borne bacterial pathogens that are usually investigated in a variety of food matrices. The study includes the design and specificity testing, of a new primer and probe specific for Salmonella spp. Reaction conditions were adjusted for the simultaneous amplification and detection of specific fragments in the beta-glucuronidase (uidA, E. coli) and Thermonulease (nuc, Sta. aureus) genes, and in the replication origin sequence (oriC, Salmonella spp.). Melting-curve analysis using a SYBR Green I RTi-PCR approach showed characteristic T(m) values demonstrating the specific and efficient amplification of the three fragments. Subsequently, a TaqMan RTi-PCR approach was settled, using FAM, NED and VIC fluorescently labelled specific probes for an automated detection. It was equally sensitive than uniplex RTi-PCR reactions in Sta. aureus and E. coli O157:H7, using same amounts of purified DNA, and allowed detection of 10 genome equivalents in the presence of 10(2) or 10(4) genome equivalents of the other two pathogens. Finally, it was tested in artificially inoculated fresh, minimally processed vegetables, revealing a sensitivity of 10(3)CFUg(-1) each of these pathogens in direct detection, following DNA extraction with DNeasy Tissue Kit (Qiagen). The multiplex RTi-PCR developed scored the sensitivity recognised for PCR in food and it allows a high-throughput and automation, thus it is promising as a rapid and cost-effective test for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Elizaquível
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot E-46100, Valencia, Spain
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41
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Gast RK. Serotype-Specific and Serotype-Independent Strategies for Preharvest Control of Food-Borne Salmonella in Poultry. Avian Dis 2007; 51:817-28. [PMID: 18251388 DOI: 10.1637/8090-081807.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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42
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Malorny B, Bunge C, Helmuth R. A real-time PCR for the detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in poultry meat and consumption eggs. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 70:245-51. [PMID: 17512995 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A robust duplex 5' nuclease (TaqMan) real-time PCR was developed and in-house validated for the specific detection of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis in whole chicken carcass rinses and consumption eggs. The assay uses specifically designed primers and a TaqMan probe to target the Prot6e gene located on the S. Enteritidis specific 60-kb virulence plasmid. As an internal amplification control to monitor Salmonella DNA in the sample, a second primer/TaqMan probe set detects simultaneously the Salmonella specific invA gene. The assay identified correctly 95% of the 79 Salmonella Enteritidis strains tested comprising 19 different phage types. None of the 119 non-Enteritidis strains comprising 54 serovars was positive for the Prot6e gene. The assay detection probability was for 10(2) or more genome equivalents 100% and for 10 equivalents 83%. A pre-PCR sample preparation protocol including a pre-enrichment step in buffered peptone water, followed by DNA extraction was applied on low levels of artificially contaminated whole chicken carcass rinses and eggs from hens as well as 25 potentially naturally contaminated chickens. The detection limit was less than three CFU per 50 ml carcass rinse or 10 ml egg. The sensitivity and specificity compared to the traditional culture-based detection method and serotyping were both 100%. Twenty-five potentially naturally contaminated chickens were compared by the real-time PCR and the traditional cultural isolation method resulting in four Salmonella positive samples of which two were positive for the Prot6e gene and serotyped as S. Enteritidis. We show also that Salmonella isolates which have a rough lipopolysaccharide structure could be assigned to the serovar Enteritidis by the real-time PCR. This methodology can contribute to meet the need of fast identification and detection methods for use in monitoring and control measures programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Malorny
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, D-12277 Berlin, Germany.
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43
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Kim HJ, Park SH, Kim HY. Comparison of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 and non-LT2 salmonella genomic sequences, and genotyping of salmonellae by using PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:6142-51. [PMID: 16957240 PMCID: PMC1563604 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00138-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 expected to be specifically present in Salmonella were selected using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) program. The 152 selected genes were compared with 11 genomic sequences of Salmonella serovars, including Salmonella enterica subsp. I and IIIb and Salmonella bongori (V), and were clustered into 17 groups by their comparison patterns. A total of 38 primer pairs were constructed to represent each of the 17 groups, and PCR was performed with various Salmonella subspecies including Salmonella enterica subsp. I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IV, VI, and V to evaluate a comprehensive DNA-based scheme for identification of Salmonella subspecies and the major disease-causing Salmonella serovars. Analysis of PCR results showed that Salmonella enterica subsp. I was critically divided from other subspecies, and Salmonella strains belonging to S. enterica subsp. I were clustered based on their serovars. In addition, genotypic relationships within S. enterica subsp. I by PCR results were investigated. Also, Salmonella signature genes, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium signature genes, and Salmonella enterica subsp. I signature genes were demonstrated based on their PCR results. The described PCR method suggests a rapid and convenient method for identification of Salmonella serovars that can be used by nonspecialized laboratories. Genome sequence comparison can be a useful tool in epidemiologic and taxonomic studies of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Korea.
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44
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Takahashi H, Konuma H, Hara-Kudo Y. Development of a quantitative real-time PCR method to enumerate total bacterial counts in ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables. J Food Prot 2006; 69:2504-8. [PMID: 17066935 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.10.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A newly developed real-time PCR assay rapidly quantifies the total bacterial numbers in contaminated ready-to-eat vegetables and fruits compared with the standard plate count method. Primers targeting the rpoB gene, which encodes for the beta subunit of the bacterial RNA polymerase and which is common to most bacterial species, was used instead of the 16S rRNA gene, which has multiple copies and varies among bacterial species. A primer pair specific for rpoB was confirmed to amplify rpoB in a wide range of bacterial species after we assessed 49 strains isolated from five kinds of fruits and vegetables. We purchased fruits and vegetables from retail shops and enumerated the bacteria associated with them by use of real-time PCR and compared this to the number found by the culture method. We found a high correlation between the threshold PCR cycle number when compared with the plate count culture number. The real-time PCR assay developed in this study can enumerate the dominant bacterial species in ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Takahashi
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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45
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Kim HJ, Park SH, Lee TH, Nahm BH, Chung YH, Seo KH, Kim HY. Identification of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium using specific PCR primers obtained by comparative genomics in Salmonella serovars. J Food Prot 2006; 69:1653-61. [PMID: 16865900 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.7.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a major foodborne pathogen throughout the world. Until now, the specific target genes for the detection and identification of serovar Typhimurium have not been developed. To determine the specific probes for serovar Typhimurium, the genes of serovar Typhimurium LT2 that were expected to be unique were selected with the BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) program within GenBank. The selected genes were compared with 11 genomic sequences of various Salmonella serovars by BLAST. Of these selected genes, 10 were expected to be specific to serovar Typhimurium and were not related to virulence factor genes of Salmonella pathogenicity island or to genes of the O and H antigens of Salmonella. Primers for the 10 selected genes were constructed, and PCRs were evaluated with various genomic DNAs of Salmonella and non-Salmonella strains for the specific identification of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium. Among all the primer sets for the 10 genes, STM4497 showed the highest degree of specificity to serovar Typhimurium. In this study, a specific primer set for Salmonella serovar Typhimurium was developed on the basis of the comparison of genomic sequences between Salmonella serovars and was validated with PCR. This method of comparative genomics to select target genes or sequences can be applied to the specific detection of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, 449-701, Korea
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46
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GLYNN BARRY, LAHIFF SINEAD, WERNECKE MARTINA, BARRY THOMAS, SMITH TERRYJ, MAHER MAJELLA. Current and emerging molecular diagnostic technologies applicable to bacterial food safety. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2006.00253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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47
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Hein I, Flekna G, Krassnig M, Wagner M. Real-time PCR for the detection of Salmonella spp. in food: An alternative approach to a conventional PCR system suggested by the FOOD-PCR project. J Microbiol Methods 2006; 66:538-47. [PMID: 16564585 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A real-time PCR assay using non-patented primers and a TaqMan probe for the detection and quantification of Salmonella spp. is presented. The assay is based on an internationally validated conventional PCR system, which was suggested as a standard method for the detection of Salmonella spp. in the FOOD-PCR project. The assay was sensitive and specific. Consistent detection of 9.5 genome equivalents per PCR reaction was achieved, whereas samples containing an average of 0.95 genome equivalents per reaction were inconsistently positive. The assay performed equally well as a commercially available real-time PCR assay and allowed sensitive detection of Salmonella spp. in artificially contaminated food. After enrichment for 16 h in buffered peptone water (BPW) or universal pre-enrichment broth (UPB) 2.5 CFU/25 g salmon and minced meat, and 5 CFU/25 g chicken meat and 25 ml raw milk were detected. Enrichment in BPW yielded higher numbers of CFU/ml than UPB for all matrices tested. However, the productivity of UPB was sufficient, as all samples were positive with both real-time PCR methods, including those containing less than 300 CFU/ml enrichment broth (enrichment of 5 CFU/25 ml raw milk in UPB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Hein
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology, and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
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48
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Seo KH, Valentin-Bon IE, Brackett RE. Detection and enumeration of Salmonella enteritidis in homemade ice cream associated with an outbreak: comparison of conventional and real-time PCR methods. J Food Prot 2006; 69:639-43. [PMID: 16541697 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.3.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is a significant cause of foodborne illnesses in the United States. Consumption of undercooked eggs and egg-containing products has been the primary risk factor for the disease. The importance of the bacterial enumeration technique has been enormously stressed because of the quantitative risk analysis of SE in shell eggs. Traditional enumeration methods mainly depend on slow and tedious most-probable-number (MPN) methods. Therefore, specific, sensitive, and rapid methods for SE quantitation are needed to collect sufficient data for risk assessment and food safety policy development. We previously developed a real-time quantitative PCR assay for the direct detection and enumeration of SE and, in this study, applied it to naturally contaminated ice cream samples with and without enrichment. The detection limit of the real-time PCR assay was determined with artificially inoculated ice cream. When applied to the direct detection and quantification of SE in ice cream, the real-time PCR assay was as sensitive as the conventional plate count method in frequency of detection. However, populations of SE derived from real-time quantitative PCR were approximately 1 log higher than provided by MPN and CFU values obtained by conventional culture methods. The detection and enumeration of SE in naturally contaminated ice cream can be completed in 3 h by this real-time PCR method, whereas the cultural enrichment method requires 5 to 7 days. A commercial immunoassay for the specific detection of SE was also included in the study. The real-time PCR assay proved to be a valuable tool that may be useful to the food industry in monitoring its processes to improve product quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Seo
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Plant and Dairy Foods, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA.
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49
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CATARAME T, O'HANLON K, MCDOWELL D, BLAIR I, DUFFY G. COMPARISON OF A REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAY WITH A CULTURE METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF SALMONELLA IN RETAIL MEAT SAMPLES. J Food Saf 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2005.00025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Hara-Kudo Y, Yoshino M, Kojima T, Ikedo M. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the rapid detection of Salmonella. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 253:155-61. [PMID: 16242860 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Revised: 08/10/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay detected Salmonella within 60 min. The 220 strains of 39 serotypes of Salmonella subsp. enterica and 7 strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae were amplified, but not 62 strains of 23 bacterial species other than Salmonella. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay was found to be >2.2 cfu/test tube using nine serotypes. The specificity was similar to that of a PCR assay, but the sensitivity of LAMP was greater. Both fluorescence and turbidity were able to detect the products in the LAMP assay. S. enteritidis in a liquid egg sample artificially inoculated with the organism was detected by the LAMP assay at 2.8 cfu/test tube, although negative by PCR assay. These results indicate that the LAMP assay is a rapid, specific and sensitive detection method for Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Hara-Kudo
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
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