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Harrison OL, Gebhardt JT, Paulk CB, Plattner BL, Woodworth JC, Rensing S, Jones CK, Trinetta V. Inoculation of Weaned Pigs by Feed, Water, and Airborne Transmission of Salmonella enterica Serotype 4,[5],12:i:. J Food Prot 2022; 85:693-700. [PMID: 35076710 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- (STM) has become an increasing problem for food safety and has been often detected in swine products. Weanling pigs were exposed to STM-contaminated feed, water, or air to determine possible STM transmission routes. A control group of pigs was included. STM was monitored daily in feces and rectal and nasal swabs. STM colonization was most prevalent in tissues from tonsil, lower intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes. No differences in lesion severity were observed between inoculated and control pigs. Contaminated feed, water, and aerosolized particles caused infection in weaned pigs; however, no STM colonization was observed in skeletal muscle destined for human consumption. Based on the results from this study, STM contamination in pork products most likely results from cross-contamination of meat by digesta or lymph node tissue during processing. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Harrison
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Jordan T Gebhardt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Chad B Paulk
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Brandon L Plattner
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Susan Rensing
- Department of Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Cassandra K Jones
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Valentina Trinetta
- Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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2
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Rodrigues LA, Wellington MO, González-Vega JC, Htoo JK, Van Kessel AG, Columbus DA. Ileal alkaline phosphatase is upregulated following functional amino acid supplementation in Salmonella Typhimurium-challenged pigs. J Anim Sci 2021; 100:6485855. [PMID: 34962518 PMCID: PMC8846338 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that functional amino acid (FAA) supplementation improves growth performance and immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST)-challenged pigs, which was further improved by a longer adaptation period. It is expected that the effects are associated with increased activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of FAA supplementation and adaptation period on the ileal, cecal, and colonic activity of IAP in weaned pigs challenged with ST. In experiment 1, a total of 32 mixed-sex weanling pigs were randomly assigned to dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with low (LP) or high protein (HP) content and basal (FAA-) or FAA profile (FAA+; Thr, Met, and Trp at 120% of requirements) as factors. In experiment 2, a total of 32 mixed-sex weanling pigs were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments, being FAA- fed throughout the experimental period (FAA-) or an FAA profile fed only in the post-inoculation (FAA + 0), for 1 wk pre- and post-inoculation (FAA + 1), or throughout the experimental period (FAA + 2). In experiments 1 and 2, after a 7- and 14-d adaptation period, respectively, pigs were inoculated with saline solution containing ST (3.3 and 2.2 × 109 CFU/mL, respectively). Plasma alkaline phosphatase was measured on days 0 and 7 post-inoculation in experiment 1, and IAP (ileum, cecum, and colon) was measured in experiments 1 and 2. Correlations among ileal IAP and serum albumin and haptoglobin, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced:oxidized glutathione, ileal myeloperoxidase, ST shedding and ileal colonization, and post-inoculation average daily gain, feed intake (ADFI), and gain:feed were also analyzed. In experiment 1, plasma alkaline phosphatase was decreased with ST inoculation and the overall content was increased in LP-FAA+ compared with LP-FAA- (P < 0.05). Moreover, ileal IAP was increased in FAA+ compared with FAA- pigs in both studies (P < 0.05) regardless of adaptation time (P > 0.05). IAP was positively correlated with MDA and ADFI and negatively correlated with SOD and ST shedding in experiment 1 (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate a positive effect of FAA supplementation, but not adaptation period, on ileal alkaline phosphatase activity in Salmonella-challenged pigs, which may be associated with improvements in antioxidant balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Rodrigues
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7H 5N9, Canada,Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Michael O Wellington
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7H 5N9, Canada,Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | | | - John K Htoo
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Andrew G Van Kessel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Daniel A Columbus
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7H 5N9, Canada,Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada,Corresponding author:
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3
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Sudden death associated with bleeding into digestive system of finishing pigs – a review. ACTA VET BRNO 2021. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202190010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sudden deaths of finishing pigs in modern pig herds cause economic losses and therefore draw constant attention worldwide. In the case of peracute mortality associated with gastrointestinal bleeding, pigs usually die during a short period without clinical manifestations. Necropsy can detect bleeding into various parts of the digestive system. Determining the exact aetiology of the sudden death can be difficult in many cases. Diseases and conditions such as gastric ulcers, abdominal torsion, haemorrhagic bowel syndrome and infectious diseases should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis. Because some of these diseases still have an unclear aetiology and pathogenesis, the aim of our work was to provide a summary of existing knowledge as well as to describe related pathognomonic pathological changes.
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Cevallos-Almeida M, Martin L, Houdayer C, Rose V, Guionnet JM, Paboeuf F, Denis M, Kerouanton A. Experimental infection of pigs by Salmonella Derby, S. Typhimurium and monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium: Comparison of colonization and serology. Vet Microbiol 2019; 231:147-153. [PMID: 30955802 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella serovars Derby, Typhimurium and the monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium are the most frequently isolated serovars in pigs in France. To compare the excretion patterns, seroconversion to Salmonella and contamination of the organs of pigs inoculated with strains of all three serovars, we conducted an experimental trial with 28 SPF piglets. Four were used as a negative control, while the other 24 were divided equally into three groups. Each group was inoculated at 7 weeks of age with a different strain: S. Derby (SDb), S. Typhimurium (ST), and the monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium (mST). Fecal and blood samples were collected twice a week up until necropsy, on 21 days post-inoculation (DPI) for half of each group and 49 DPI for the remaining piglets. During necropsy, the tonsils, mesenteric lymph nodes and various intestinal contents were collected from each pig. Salmonella bacteria were quantified in CFU/g by a bacteriological method, and levels of Salmonella antibodies were measured using an ELISA Kit. Piglets inoculated with mST continuously excreted Salmonella in their feces throughout the trial. For each of the other serovars, one piglet was Salmonella-negative on one DPI. The quantity of Salmonella excreted was statistically different between the group inoculated with ST and mST (p < 0.05), but no differences were found between the other serovars. The tonsils, cecum and jejunum were the most contaminated organs in all groups. Seroconversion for all the piglets was completed by different DPI: 28 for ST, 31 for mST and 38 for SDb. No major differences were found in terms of excretion and colonization among the studied serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cevallos-Almeida
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Laure Martin
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Catherine Houdayer
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Valerie Rose
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Jean-Marie Guionnet
- ANSES, SPF Pig Production and Experimental Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Frédéric Paboeuf
- ANSES, SPF Pig Production and Experimental Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Martine Denis
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Annaëlle Kerouanton
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
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5
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miR-143 inhibits intracellular salmonella growth by targeting ATP6V1A in macrophage cells in pig. Res Vet Sci 2017; 117:138-143. [PMID: 29274513 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella infects many vertebrate species, and animals such as pigs can be colonized with Salmonella and become established carriers. Analyzing the roles of microRNA in intracellular proliferation is important for understanding the process of Salmonella infection. The objective of this study is to verify the regulation effect of miR-143 on ATP6V1A and its functions in the intracellular growth of Salmonella. A new miR-143 binding site was discovered in the 3' UTR of ATP6V1A using a newly developed prediction tool. The binding site was confirmed by binding site deletion assay. Real-time PCR results indicated that ATP6V1A was predominantly expressed in bone-marrow-derived macrophages, and the expression of miR-143 in different tissues was negatively correlated with ATP6V1A. The Salmonella proliferation assay showed that the expression of miR-143 could inhibit intracellular Salmonella growth in macrophages by target ATP6V1A. The results strongly suggest that miR-143 plays important regulatory roles in the development of Salmonella infection in animals.
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6
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The regulation roles of miR-125b, miR-221 and miR-27b in porcine Salmonella infection signalling pathway. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160243. [PMID: 27474500 PMCID: PMC5006312 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules typically 18-22 nucleotides long that can suppress the expression of their target genes. Several laboratories have attempted to identify miRNAs from the pig that are involved in Salmonella infection. These bioinformatics strategies using the newly available genomic sequence are generally successful. Here, we report an in silico identification of miRNAs in pig focusing on the Salmonella infection pathway, and further investigated the differential expression of those miRNAs by quantitative real-time PCR during pre- and post-natal stage of Salmonella inoculation from the peripheral blood of commercially breed pigs. We identified 29 miRNAs that have predicted targets in the Salmonella infection pathway and nine of them were not yet described in pig. In addition, the expression of nine selected miRNAs was validated in the peripheral blood by northern blotting. Through expression analyses, differences were found between pre- and post-natal stages of Salmonella inoculation for miR-221, miR-125b and miR-27b-all of them were suppressed 2 days after Salmonella inoculation. The predicted targets of those three miRNAs were validated by luciferase reporter assays. We show that FOS is a direct target of miR-221, miR-125b can suppress MAPK14, and miR-27b can target IFNG. These findings will be helpful in understanding the function and processing of these miRNAs in Salmonella infection. The miRNA differentially expressed in the peripheral blood of commercial breed pigs suggest that it can be used as genetic markers for salmonella infection resistance in pigs.
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7
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Yao M, Gao W, Tao H, Yang J, Liu G, Huang T. Regulation signature of miR-143 and miR-26 in porcine Salmonella infection identified by binding site enrichment analysis. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 291:789-99. [PMID: 26589421 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella infects many vertebrate species, and pigs colonized with Salmonella are typically Salmonella carriers. Transcriptomic analysis of the response to Salmonella infection in whole blood has been reported for the pig. The objective of this study is to identify the important miRNAs involved in Salmonella infection using binding site enrichment analysis. We predicted porcine microRNA (miRNA) binding sites in the 3' UTR of protein-coding genes for all miRNA families. Based on those predictions, we analyzed miRNA-binding sites for mRNAs expressed in peripheral blood to investigate the functional importance of miRNAs in Salmonella infection in pig. Enrichment analysis revealed that binding sites of five miRNAs (including miR-143, -9839, -26, -2483, and -4335) were significantly over represented for the differentially expressed gene sets. Real-time PCR results indicated that selected members of this miRNA group (miR-143, -26, and -4335) were differentially expressed in whole blood after Salmonella inoculation. The luciferase reporter assay showed that ATP6V1A and IL13RA1 were targets of miR-143 and that miR-26 regulates BINP3L and ARL6IP6. The results strongly suggest that miR-143 and miR-26 play important regulatory roles in the development of Salmonella infection in pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Weihua Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Hengxun Tao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Guoping Liu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.,Black Pig Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Tinghua Huang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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8
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Evangelopoulou G, Kritas S, Christodoulopoulos G, Burriel AR. The commercial impact of pig Salmonella spp. infections in border-free markets during an economic recession. Vet World 2015; 8:257-72. [PMID: 27047083 PMCID: PMC4774829 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.257-272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Salmonella, a group of important zoonotic pathogens, is having global economic and political importance. Its main political importance results from the pathogenicity of many of its serovars for man. Serovars Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are currently the most frequently associated to foodborne infections, but they are not the only ones. Animal food products contaminated from subclinically infected animals are a risk to consumers. In border free markets, an example is the EU, these consumers at risk are international. This is why, economic competition could use the risk of consumer infection either to restrict or promote free border trade in animals and their products. Such use of public health threats increases during economic recessions in nations economically weak to effectively enforce surveillance. In free trade conditions, those unable to pay the costs of pathogen control are unable to effectively implement agreed regulations, centrally decided, but leaving their enforcement to individual states. Free trade of animal food products depends largely on the promotion of safety, included in "quality," when traders target foreign markets. They will overtake eventually the markets of those ineffectively implementing agreed safety regulations, if their offered prices are also attractive for recession hit consumers. Nations unable to effectively enforce safety regulations become disadvantaged partners unequally competing with producers of economically robust states when it comes to public health. Thus, surveillance and control of pathogens like Salmonella are not only quantitative. They are also political issues upon which states base national trade decisions. Hence, the quantitative calculation of costs incurring from surveillance and control of animal salmonelloses, should not only include the cost for public health protection, but also the long term international economic and political costs for an individual state. These qualitative and qualitative costs of man and animal Salmonella infections should be calculated in the light of free trade and open borders. Understandably, accurate calculation of the economic and political costs requires knowledge of the many factors influencing nationally the quality and safety of pork products and internationally free trade. Thus, how Salmonella pig infections affect commerce and public health across open borders depends on a state's ability to accurately calculate costs for the surveillance and control of animal salmonelloses in general, and pig infections as a particular example.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Evangelopoulou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - S Kritas
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, MKD, Greece
| | - G Christodoulopoulos
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - A R Burriel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
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9
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Vieira-Pinto M, Tenreiro R, Aranha J, Martins C. Relationship between tonsils and mandibular lymph nodes concerning Salmonella sp. infection. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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11
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Huang TH, Uthe JJ, Bearson SMD, Demirkale CY, Nettleton D, Knetter S, Christian C, Ramer-Tait AE, Wannemuehler MJ, Tuggle CK. Distinct peripheral blood RNA responses to Salmonella in pigs differing in Salmonella shedding levels: intersection of IFNG, TLR and miRNA pathways. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28768. [PMID: 22174891 PMCID: PMC3236216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomic analysis of the response to bacterial pathogens has been reported for several species, yet few studies have investigated the transcriptional differences in whole blood in subjects that differ in their disease response phenotypes. Salmonella species infect many vertebrate species, and pigs colonized with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) are usually asymptomatic, making detection of these Salmonella-carrier pigs difficult. The variable fecal shedding of Salmonella is an important cause of foodborne illness and zoonotic disease. To investigate gene pathways and biomarkers associated with the variance in Salmonella shedding following experimental inoculation, we initiated the first analysis of the whole blood transcriptional response induced by Salmonella. A population of pigs (n = 40) was inoculated with ST and peripheral blood and fecal Salmonella counts were collected between 2 and 20 days post-inoculation (dpi). Two groups of pigs with either low shedding (LS) or persistent shedding (PS) phenotypes were identified. Global transcriptional changes in response to ST inoculation were identified by Affymetrix Genechip® analysis of peripheral blood RNA at day 0 and 2 dpi. ST inoculation triggered substantial gene expression changes in the pigs and there was differential expression of many genes between LS and PS pigs. Analysis of the differential profiles of gene expression within and between PS and LS phenotypic classes identified distinct regulatory pathways mediated by IFN-γ, TNF, NF-κB, or one of several miRNAs. We confirmed the activation of two regulatory factors, SPI1 and CEBPB, and demonstrated that expression of miR-155 was decreased specifically in the PS animals. These data provide insight into specific pathways associated with extremes in Salmonella fecal shedding that can be targeted for further exploration on why some animals develop a carrier state. This knowledge can also be used to develop rational manipulations of genetics, pharmaceuticals, nutrition or husbandry methods to decrease Salmonella colonization, shedding and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hua Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jolita J. Uthe
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shawn M. D. Bearson
- National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture- Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | | | - Dan Nettleton
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Susan Knetter
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Curtis Christian
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | | | - Christopher K. Tuggle
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Scientific Opinion on a Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment of Salmonella in slaughter and breeder pigs. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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13
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Influence of a probiotic strain of Enterococcus faecium on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 infection in a porcine animal infection model. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:2621-8. [PMID: 19270131 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01515-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of probiotic Enterococcus spp. in different hosts, such as mice and humans, have previously been reported in several studies. However, studies of large domestic animals, as well as challenge studies with pathogenic microorganisms, are very rare. Here, we investigated the influence of oral treatment of pigs with the probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 infections in weaning piglets. Clinical symptoms, fecal excretion, the organ distribution of Salmonella, and the humoral immune response (immunoglobulin G [IgG], IgM, and IgA levels) in serum were examined. A pool of 89 piglets was randomly divided into probiotic and control groups. The probiotic group received a feed supplement containing E. faecium starting on day 14 postpartum prior to challenge with Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104 at 28 days postpartum. After challenge with Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104, piglets in both groups showed no severe clinical signs of salmonellosis. However, fecal excretion and colonization of Salmonella in organs were significantly greater in piglets fed E. faecium. Likewise, the humoral immune response against Salmonella (serum IgM and IgA levels) was significantly greater in the probiotic group animals than in control animals. The results of this study suggest that E. faecium NCIMB 10415 treatment enhanced the course of infection in weaning piglets challenged with Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104. However, the probiotic treatment also appeared to result in greater production of specific antibodies against Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104.
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Sternberg S, Johnsson A, Aspan A, Bergström K, Kallay TB, Szanto E. Outbreak of Salmonella
Thompson infection in a Swedish dairy herd. Vet Rec 2008; 163:596-9. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.163.20.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sternberg
- National Veterinary Institute; SE-751 89 Uppsala Sweden
| | - A. Johnsson
- Flackarp Veterinary Practice; Flackarp 4 SE-245 61 Staffanstorp Sweden
| | - A. Aspan
- National Veterinary Institute; SE-751 89 Uppsala Sweden
| | - K. Bergström
- National Veterinary Institute; SE-751 89 Uppsala Sweden
| | - T. B. Kallay
- AnalyCen Nordic; Box 9024 SE-201 09 Kristianstad Sweden
| | - E. Szanto
- Swedish Board of Agriculture; SE-551 82 Jönköping Sweden
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15
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Molecular typing and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Choleraesuis isolates from diseased pigs in Japan. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 33:109-19. [PMID: 18809209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) isolates derived from diseased pigs in Japan during 2001 and 2005 were analyzed for biotype, based on H(2)S production and dulcitol fermentation, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profile, and antimicrobial resistance profile. S. Choleraesuis biotype Choleraesuis (biotype Choleraesuis) was classified into one genotype, while varietas Kunzendorf (var. Kunzendorf) was classified into two genotypes. The isolates of var. Kunzendorf belonging to one genotype were isolated in a limited area of Japan. Variation in the antimicrobial resistance pattern was observed in isolates of both biotypes Choleraesuis and var. Kunzendorf. We have also shown that the PFGE profile was associated with the biotype and isolation region of each isolate.
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16
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Österberg J, Wallgren P. Effects of a challenge dose of Salmonella
Typhimurium or Salmonella
Yoruba on the patterns of excretion and antibody responses of pigs. Vet Rec 2008; 162:580-6. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.18.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Österberg
- National Veterinary Institute; SE-751 89 Uppsala Sweden
| | - P. Wallgren
- National Veterinary Institute; SE-751 89 Uppsala Sweden
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17
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Scherer K, Szabó I, Rösler U, Appel B, Hensel A, Nöckler K. Time course of infection with Salmonella typhimurium and its influence on fecal shedding, distribution in inner organs, and antibody response in fattening pigs. J Food Prot 2008; 71:699-705. [PMID: 18468022 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.4.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This is the first longitudinal study conducted over the entire 5-month fattening period in pigs to investigate the infection dynamics of Salmonella Typhimurium and the association between antibody response and the prevalence of these bacteria in feces. A total of 16 weaning pigs were infected with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 followed by clinical examination and blood and fecal sampling until slaughter 138 days postinoculation. To investigate fecal shedding rates and distribution patterns of Salmonella in internal organs regarding premortem stress, one group of swine was transported before slaughter; the other group was slaughtered without being transported. A positive correlation between bacteremia-associated fever and fecal shedding rate was observed, although 69% (11 of 16) of infected pigs had no diarrhea. All animals excreted Salmonella Typhimurium at high levels within 2 weeks postinoculation; thereafter, the number of positive pigs declined and Salmonella shedding became intermittent. In contrast, the proportion of pigs that tested seropositive was higher over the entire fattening period (except during the first 3 weeks postinoculation), revealing the advantage of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Salmonella screening on herd level. Concerning the distribution in internal organs and cross-contamination during slaughter, the highest level of Salmonella was detected in tonsils and jejunal and ileocecal lymph nodes, whereas salmonellae could not be detected in muscle, spleen, and liver. No specific influence of transport-induced stress on Salmonella shedding rates in feces and distribution patterns in organs was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Scherer
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Division of Biological Safety, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany.
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Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, Maes D, Van Immerseel F, Ducatelle R, Pasmans F. Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in pigs: a closer look at epidemiology, pathogenesis and control. Vet Microbiol 2008; 130:1-19. [PMID: 18243591 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Contaminated pork is an important source of Salmonella infections in humans. The increasing multiple antimicrobial resistance associated with pork-related serotypes such as Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Derby may become a serious human health hazard in the near future. Governments try to anticipate the issue of non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in pork by starting monitoring programmes and coordinating control measures worldwide. A thorough knowledge of how these serotypes interact with the porcine host should form the basis for the development and optimisation of these monitoring and control programmes. During recent years, many researchers have focussed on different aspects of the pathogenesis of non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in pigs. The present manuscript reviews the importance of pigs and pork as a source for salmonellosis in humans and discusses commonly accepted and recent insights in the pathogenesis of non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in pigs, with emphasis on Salmonella Typhimurium, and to relate this knowledge to possible control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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19
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Harakeh S, Yassine H, El-Fadel M. Antimicrobial-resistant patterns of Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains in the aquatic Lebanese environments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2006; 143:269-77. [PMID: 16413640 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to be conducted in Lebanon on the isolation and molecular characterization and the antimicrobial resistance profile of environmental pathogenic bacterial strains. Fifty-seven samples of seawater, sediment, crab, and fresh water were collected during the spring and summer seasons of 2003. The isolation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella using appropriate selective media revealed that 94.7% of the tested samples were contaminated with one or both of the tested bacteria. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was then used to identify the species of both bacteria using various sets of primers. Many pathogenic E. coli isolates were detected by PCR out of which two were identified as O157:H7 E. coli. Similarly, the species of many of the Salmonella isolates was molecularly identified. The confirmed isolates of Salmonella and E. coli were then tested using the disk diffusion method for their susceptibility to four different antimicrobials revealing high rates of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Harakeh
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Namimatsu T, Asai T, Osumi T, Imai Y, Sato S. Prevalence of the virulence plasmid in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from pigs. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:187-8. [PMID: 16520545 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the prevalence of the virulence plasmid in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from pigs in Japan, a total of 106 porcine isolates were subjected to PCR amplification for the detection of the virulence plasmid. Out of the isolates of S. Typhimurium, 38 (35.8%) harbored the virulence plasmid. The presence of the virulence plasmid was widely observed in the isolates from systemically infected pigs (92.0%, 23/25), compared with diarrheic (18.8%, 12/64) and apparently healthy pigs (17.6%, 3/17) (P<0.01).
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Abstract
Pigs were exposed to various levels of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium by either intranasal inoculation or by subjecting them to a contaminated environment. More than 10(3) salmonellae were required to induce acute Salmonella infection. These results indicate that intervention against acute Salmonella infection in lairage may be more readily achieved than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Loynachan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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