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Lazo-Láscarez S, Gutiérrez LZ, Duarte-Martínez F, Romero Zúñiga JJ, Arias Echandi ML, Muñoz-Vargas L. Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Broiler Chicken at Three Levels of the Poultry Production Chain in Costa Rica. J Food Prot 2021; 84:2143-2150. [PMID: 34324670 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Campylobacter spp. are considered the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis, one of the four main causes of diarrheal disease worldwide, and they are one of the main foodborne pathogens causing hospitalizations and deaths. Here, 148 strains of Campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry at farms, processing plants, and retail stores in Costa Rica were examined for resistance to six antibiotics. An agar dilution test was used to determine the MIC and susceptibility profiles against doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. In addition, a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis was carried out to determine the genotype relatedness of a representative subset of the isolates. Approximately 136 (92%) of the 148 analyzed isolates showed resistance to the tested drugs. Nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin were the antibiotics for which resistance occurred most frequently (91.2, 85.8, and 85.8%, respectively), followed by doxycycline (25.0%), chloramphenicol (5.4%), and erythromycin (2.7%). The profile conferring only resistance to quinolones was the most frequently found, and only 2.0% of the isolates showed resistance to quinolones and macrolides simultaneously. Results showed a high frequency of resistant Campylobacter spp. strains and evidenced the distribution, selection, and circulation of resistant strains along the poultry chain from farms to consumers. Cross-contamination and resistance seem to play important roles in the dissemination of these strains at specific points of the poultry chain, even when control measures are being taken. The establishment of effective surveillance and control strategies represents an essential tool for foodborne diseases mitigation. The rational use of antibiotics, especially those still showing efficacy, should be a priority in both human and veterinary medicine to contain the progress of this phenomenon and its consequences. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Duarte-Martínez
- National Reference Centre for Microbiological Food Safety, Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education in Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Tres Ríos, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | | | - María Laura Arias Echandi
- Food and Water Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Microbiology and Tropical Disease Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San José 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Lohendy Muñoz-Vargas
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
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Asmai R, Karraouan B, Es-Soucratti K, En-Nassiri H, Bouchrif B, Karib H, Triqui R. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter coli isolated from broiler farms in the Marrakesh Safi region, Morocco. Vet World 2020; 13:1892-1897. [PMID: 33132602 PMCID: PMC7566245 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1892-1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Campylobacteriosis is a common foodborne disease epidemiologically linked to the consumption of poultry products. However, other sources, such as raw or contaminated milk, contaminated water or ice, contact with infected livestock, and pets, are reported. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and resistance to microbial resistance of Campylobacter coli in broiler farms in the region of Marrakesh Safi, Morocco. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted between May and December 2017 and involved 35 broiler farms. One hundred and five cloacal swabs were collected from the eight provinces in the region of Marrakesh Safi, Morocco. Bacteriology method NM ISO/TS 10272-3: 2013 was used to isolate and identify Campylobacter spp. Molecular identification (polymerase chain reaction) was used for confirmation. A disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar was used for susceptibility testing. Five antibiotic agents, including first-line drugs, were evaluated. RESULTS Among 105 samples, 71.4% (75/105) were positive for Campylobacter spp. test and 56% (42/75) of isolates belonged to the species coli. Susceptibility profiles showed that 95.2% of C. coli strains were resistant to ampicillin, 92.8% to erythromycin and tetracycline, 85.7% to ciprofloxacin, and 7.1% to gentamicin. CONCLUSION This study underlines the need to strengthen implementation of specific control procedures to decrease contamination of poultry meat with Campylobacter spp. and to reduce the use of antibiotics in the poultry sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Asmai
- Unité HIDAOA, Departement de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, B.P. 6202, Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Khadija Es-Soucratti
- Department of Biology, Ain Chock Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Houda En-Nassiri
- Department of Biology, Ain Chock Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Hakim Karib
- Unité HIDAOA, Departement de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, B.P. 6202, Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Réda Triqui
- Unité HIDAOA, Departement de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, B.P. 6202, Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, Morocco
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Es-Soucratti K, Hammoumi A, Bouchrif B, Asmai R, En-Nassiri H, Karraouan B. Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from poultry in Casablanca-Settat, Morocco. Ital J Food Saf 2020; 9:8692. [PMID: 32300573 PMCID: PMC7154602 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2020.8692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis and Campylobacter spp. resistance to antibiotics represents a serious worldwide public health problem thermophilic Campylobacters, in particular, are major causes of gastroenteritis in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chicken droppings, of commercial poultry in the city of Casablanca, Morocco. Between February and September 2017, 140 samples of chicken droppings were collected and analyzed by classical bacteriology methods for isolation and identification according to Moroccan Standard NM ISO/TS 10272-3 (2013), followed by molecular identification (PCR: polymerase chain reaction). Among the 140 samples, 102 (73%) were positive by Campylobacter spp. tests and 38 (27.14 %) were negative to Campylobacter spp. Among the positive colonies, 41 (40, 2%) were C. jejuni. Of the 41 C. jejuni isolates, resistance was detected to tetracycline (100%), erythromycin (97%), ampicillin (85%), ciprofloxacin (77%), amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (61.4%), and gentamicin (12.0%). In conclusion, the data obtained in the current study demonstrate that the majority of C. jejuni isolates evaluated were resistant to antimicrobials of the cycline, macrolide, and fluoroquinolone families, and all of the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin. Fluoroquinolone is the drug of choice for treating Campylobacter infections. These results underline the need for prudent use of antibiotics in poultry production to minimize the spread of antibioticresistant Campylobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Es-Soucratti
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Pharmacology, Biotechnology and Environment, Hassan II University of Casablanca.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Hygiene, Products and Environment, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abderrahman Hammoumi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Pharmacology, Biotechnology and Environment, Hassan II University of Casablanca
| | - Brahim Bouchrif
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Hygiene, Products and Environment, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Rajaa Asmai
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Hygiene, Products and Environment, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Houda En-Nassiri
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Pharmacology, Biotechnology and Environment, Hassan II University of Casablanca.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Hygiene, Products and Environment, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Karraouan
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Hygiene, Products and Environment, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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Sibanda N, McKenna A, Richmond A, Ricke SC, Callaway T, Stratakos AC, Gundogdu O, Corcionivoschi N. A Review of the Effect of Management Practices on Campylobacter Prevalence in Poultry Farms. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2002. [PMID: 30197638 PMCID: PMC6117471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry is frequently associated with campylobacteriosis in humans, with Campylobacter jejuni being the most usual Campylobacter associated with disease in humans. Far-reaching research on Campylobacter was undertaken over the past two decades. This has resulted in interventions being put in place on farms and in processing plants. Despite these interventions, coupled with increased media coverage to educate the consumer on Campylobacter prevalence and campylobacteriosis, human health incidents are still high. Recent research is now shifting toward further understanding of the microorganisms to challenge interventions in place and to look at further and more relevant interventions for the reduction in human incidents. Farm practices play a key role in the control of colonization within poultry houses and among flocks. Prevalence at the farm level can be up to 100% and time of colonization may vary widely between flocks. Considerable research has been performed to understand how farm management and animal health practices can affect colonization on farms. This review will focus on farm practices to date as a baseline for future interventions as the microorganism becomes better understood. Further research is required to understand the chicken microbiome and factors influencing vertical transmission. The persistence of Campylobacter in animal and environmental reservoirs within and around farms requires further investigation to tailor farm practices toward preventing such reservoirs. IMPLICATIONS This review gives an overview of farm practices and their effect on Campylobacter prevalence in poultry. Various elements of farm practices have been captured in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nompilo Sibanda
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Moy Park, Ltd., Craigavon, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron McKenna
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Moy Park, Ltd., Craigavon, United Kingdom
| | | | - Steven C. Ricke
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Todd Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Alexandros Ch. Stratakos
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Woźniak-Biel A, Bugla-Płoskońska G, Kielsznia A, Korzekwa K, Tobiasz A, Korzeniowska-Kowal A, Wieliczko A. High Prevalence of Resistance to Fluoroquinolones and Tetracycline Campylobacter Spp. Isolated from Poultry in Poland. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:314-322. [PMID: 28628752 PMCID: PMC5905868 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. is a major cause of foodborne diseases in humans, particularly when transmitted by the handling or consumption of undercooked poultry meat. Most Campylobacter infections are self-limiting, but antimicrobial treatment (e.g., fluoroquinolones and macrolides) is necessary in severe or prolonged cases. The indiscriminate use of these drugs, both in clinical medicine and animal production, has a major impact on public health. The aim of the present study was to identify Campylobacter strains, isolated from turkey and broilers, using both PCR and the matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) methods to reveal the accuracy of identification, as well to evaluate the antimicrobial and genetic resistance of the investigated strains. MALDI-TOF and PCR methods were used to show differences, if any, in the specificity of that test. In this study, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry gave the same results as multiplex PCR, in all cases. The highest rate of resistance (i.e., 100% of turkey and broiler strains) was detected against ciprofloxacin, whereas 58.1% of turkey and 78.6% of broiler strains were resistant to tetracycline. Multidrug-resistant isolates were not found in the study. All ciprofloxacin-resistant strains had a mutation in the gyrA gene, at the Thr-86 position. The presence of the tetO gene was found in 71% of turkey and in 100% of broiler strains. All resistant to tetracycline strains included tetO gene. Additionally, in five turkey and three broiler strains, susceptible to tetracycline, tetO gene was present. These results indicate the high prevalence of Campylobacter strains, which are phenotypically and genetically resistant to fluoroquinolones and tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Woźniak-Biel
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Gabriela Bugla-Płoskońska
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alicja Kielsznia
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamila Korzekwa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Tobiasz
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Korzeniowska-Kowal
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alina Wieliczko
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Kottawatta KSA, Van Bergen MAP, Abeynayake P, Wagenaar JA, Veldman KT, Kalupahana RS. Campylobacter in Broiler Chicken and Broiler Meat in Sri Lanka: Influence of Semi-Automated vs. Wet Market Processing on Campylobacter Contamination of Broiler Neck Skin Samples. Foods 2017; 6:E105. [PMID: 29186018 PMCID: PMC5742773 DOI: 10.3390/foods6120105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Broiler meat can become contaminated with Campylobacter of intestinal origin during processing. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler flocks and meat contamination at retail shops, and determine the influence of semi-automated and wet market processing on Campylobacter contamination of neck skin samples. Samples were collected from semi-automated plants (n = 102) and wet markets (n = 25). From each batch of broilers, pooled caecal samples and neck skin samples were tested for Campylobacter. Broiler meat purchased from retail outlets (n = 37) was also tested. The prevalence of Campylobacter colonized broiler flocks was 67%. The contamination of meat at retail was 59%. Both semi-automated and wet market processing resulted to contaminate the broiler neck skins to the levels of 27.4% and 48%, respectively. When Campylobacter-free broiler flocks were processed in semi-automated facilities 15% (5/33) of neck skin samples became contaminated by the end of processing whereas 25% (2/8) became contaminated after wet market processing. Characterization of isolates revealed a higher proportion of C. coli compared to C. jejuni. Higher proportions of isolates were resistant to important antimicrobials. This study shows the importance of Campylobacter in poultry industry in Sri Lanka and the need for controlling antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kottawattage S A Kottawatta
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - Preeni Abeynayake
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Kees T Veldman
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruwani S Kalupahana
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka.
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Frasão BS, Côrtes LR, Nascimento ER, Cunha NC, Almeida VL, Aquino MHC. Detecção de resistência às fluoroquinolonas em Campylobacter isolados de frangos de criação orgânica. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000700003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo Estudos têm revelado que a resistência às quinolonas em cepas de Campylobacter está relacionada à presença da mutação Treonina-86 para Isoleucina. Com o objetivo de investigar a presença dessa mutação em cepas de Campylobacter sensíveis e resistentes à ciprofloxacina e enrofloxacina, o conteúdo cecal de 80 frangos de corte de criação orgânica, abatidos sob Serviço de Inspeção Estadual (S.I.E.) do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foram coletados e investigados para a presença de Campylobacter. A determinação da resistência à ciprofloxacina e enrofloxacina foi feita pela técnica de difusão em disco e de diluição em ágar para determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM). A detecção da mutação na Região Determinante de Resistencia às Quinolonas (RDRQ) no gene gyrA foi realizada através de sequenciamento. Campylobacter foi isolado a partir de 100% das amostras avaliadas, sendo 68,75% correspondente à C. jejuni e 31,25% à C. coli. No teste de difusão em disco, 100% das cepas foram resistentes à ciprofloxacina e 56,25% das cepas foram resistentes à enrofloxacina. No teste de diluição em ágar, todas as cepas foram resistentes à ciprofloxacina apresentando CIM variando de ≥ 16-64μg/mL, e resistência ou resistência intermediaria à enrofloxacina foi detectada em 42,50% (CIM ≥ 4-32μg/mL) e 38,75% (CIM = 2μg/mL) das cepas, respectivamente. A mutação Tre-86-Ile, foi observada em 100% das cepas analisadas. Além dessa mutação, foram observadas outras mutações não silenciosas (Val-73-Glu, Ser-114-Leu, Val-88-Asp, Ala-75-Asp, Ser-119-Gli, Arg-79-Lis) e mutações silenciosas (His-81-His, Ser-119-Ser, Ala-120-Ala, Fen-99-Fen, Ala-122-Ala, Gli-74-Gli, Ile-77-Ile, Ala-91-Ala, Leu-92-Leu, Val-93-Val, Ile-106-Ile, Tre-107-Tre, Gli-113-Gli, Ile-115-Ile, Gli-110-Gli). A observação de que cepas sensíveis à enrofloxacina pelos testes fenotípicos apresentavam a substituição Tre-86 para Ile sugere que outros mecanismos podem contribuir para a resistência à enrofloxacina em Campylobacter.
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Prevalence, seasonality and antibiotic susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. isolates of retail broiler meat in Iran. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolated from poultry meat in Khorasan province, Iran. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wieczorek K, Kania I, Osek J. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry carcasses in Poland. J Food Prot 2013; 76:1451-5. [PMID: 23905805 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry carcasses at slaughter in Poland. For the isolated strains, resistance to selected antibiotics and the associated genetic determinants were identified. A total of 498 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 802 poultry samples during the 2-year study period. Strains were identified to species with the PCR method; 53.6% of the strains were Campylobacter jejuni and 46.4% were Campylobacter coli. A high percentage of the tested Campylobacter strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid (74.1 and 73.5%, respectively) followed by tetracycline (47.4%) and streptomycin (20.5%). Only one C. jejuni and two C. coli isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Seventy-nine (15.9%) of the 498 strains were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics examined. Higher levels of resistance, irrespective of the antimicrobial agent tested, were found within the C. coli group. Almost all strains resistant to quinolones (99.5%) and to tetracycline (99.6%) carried the Thr-86-to-Ile mutation in the gyrA gene and possessed the tet(O) marker, respectively. All isolates resistant to erythromycin had the A2075G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. These results reveal that poultry carcasses in Poland are a reservoir of potentially pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains for humans, which may pose a public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Wieczorek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
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11
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Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms among Campylobacter. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:340605. [PMID: 23865047 PMCID: PMC3707206 DOI: 10.1155/2013/340605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are recognized as the most common causative agents of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world. Humans most often become infected by ingesting contaminated food, especially undercooked chicken, but also other sources of bacteria have been described. Campylobacteriosis is normally a self-limiting disease. Antimicrobial treatment is needed only in patients with more severe disease and in those who are immunologically compromised. The most common antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of Campylobacter infections are macrolides, such as erythromycin, and fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin. Tetracyclines have been suggested as an alternative choice in the treatment of clinical campylobacteriosis but in practice are not often used. However, during the past few decades an increasing number of resistant Campylobacter isolates have developed resistance to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials such as macrolides, aminoglycosides, and beta-lactams. Trends in antimicrobial resistance have shown a clear correlation between use of antibiotics in the veterinary medicine and animal production and resistant isolates of Campylobacter in humans. In this review, the patterns of emerging resistance to the antimicrobial agents useful in treatment of the disease are presented and the mechanisms of resistance to these drugs in Campylobacter are discussed.
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Noormohamed A, Fakhr MK. A higher prevalence rate of Campylobacter in retail beef livers compared to other beef and pork meat cuts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:2058-68. [PMID: 23698698 PMCID: PMC3709364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10052058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in retail beef, beef livers, and pork meats purchased from the Tulsa (OK, USA) area and to further characterize the isolates obtained through antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A total of 97 chilled retail beef (50 beef livers and 47 other cuts), and 100 pork samples were collected. The prevalence of Campylobacter in beef livers was 39/50 (78%), while no Campylobacter was isolated from the other beef cuts. The prevalence in pork samples was 2/100 (2%). A total of 108 Campylobacter isolates (102 beef livers isolates and six pork isolates) were subjected to antimicrobial resistance profiling against sixteen different antimicrobials that belong to eight different antibiotic classes. Of the six pork Campylobacter coli isolates, four showed resistance to all antimicrobials tested. Among the beef liver isolates, the highest antibiotic resistances were to tetracyclines and β-lactams, while the lowest resistances were to macrolides, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, and phenicols. Resistances to the fluoroquinolone, macrolide, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, β-lactam, lincosamide, and phenicol antibiotic classes were significantly higher in Campylobacter coli than Campylobacter jejuni isolates. Multidrug Resistance (MDR) among the 102 Campylobacter (33 Campylobacter jejuni and 69 Campylobacter coli) beef liver isolates was significantly higher in Campylobacter coli (62%) than Campylobacter jejuni (39%). The high prevalence of Campylobacter in retail beef livers and their antimicrobial resistance raise concern about the safety of these retail products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesa Noormohamed
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA.
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13
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Silva J, Leite D, Fernandes M, Mena C, Gibbs PA, Teixeira P. Campylobacter spp. as a Foodborne Pathogen: A Review. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:200. [PMID: 21991264 PMCID: PMC3180643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is well recognized as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrheal disease worldwide. Symptoms can range from mild to serious infections of the children and the elderly and permanent neurological symptoms. The organism is a cytochrome oxidase positive, microaerophilic, curved Gram-negative rod exhibiting corkscrew motility and is carried in the intestine of many wild and domestic animals, particularly avian species including poultry. Intestinal colonization results in healthy animals as carriers. In contrast with the most recent published reviews that cover specific aspects of Campylobacter/campylobacteriosis, this broad review aims at elucidating and discussing the (i) genus Campylobacter, growth and survival characteristics; (ii) detection, isolation and confirmation of Campylobacter; (iii) campylobacteriosis and presence of virulence factors; and (iv) colonization of poultry and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Silva
- CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica PortuguesaPorto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Leite
- CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica PortuguesaPorto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Fernandes
- CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica PortuguesaPorto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Mena
- CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica PortuguesaPorto, Portugal
| | | | - Paula Teixeira
- CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica PortuguesaPorto, Portugal
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14
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Bardoň J, Kolář M, Karpíšková R, Hricová K. Prevalence of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in broilers at retail in the Czech Republic and their antibiotic resistance. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Chen X, Naren GW, Wu CM, Wang Y, Dai L, Xia LN, Luo PJ, Zhang Q, Shen JZ. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates in broilers from China. Vet Microbiol 2010; 144:133-9. [PMID: 20116182 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in broiler chickens were determined in Shandong Province, China. In total, 275 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 767 broiler cecal samples, including 208 Campylobacter jejuni, 53 Campylobacter coli, and 14 unidentified Campylobacter isolates. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of 11 antimicrobial agents were determined using the agar dilution method recommended by CLSI. More than 98% of the tested Campylobacter isolates were resistant to quinolones (nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) and tetracyclines (tetracycline and doxycycline). The C. jejuni isolates also exhibited a high rate of resistance to phenicol antibiotics and a moderate rate of resistance to macrolides and gentamicin. On the contrary, the C. coli isolates showed a high-level resistance to macrolides and gentamicin and little resistance to phenicol antibiotics. The vast majority of the Campylobacter isolates were classified as multidrug resistant. These findings reveal a broad extent of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates from poultry in China and underline the need for prudent use of antibiotics in poultry production to minimize the spread of antibiotic resistant Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- National Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Residue, Key Laboratory of Development and Evaluation of the Chemical and Herbal Drugs for Animal Use, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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16
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Bardon J, Kolar M, Cekanova L, Hejnar P, Koukalova D. Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and its resistance to antibiotics in poultry in the Czech Republic. Zoonoses Public Health 2008; 56:111-6. [PMID: 18771516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp., in particular Campylobacter jejuni, are among the most frequently identified pathogens, found to be causing human gastrointestinal infections in Europe, with the Czech Republic being no exception. The presented work aimed at assessing results of the first nationwide monitoring of prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks in the Czech Republic, including a comparison of antibiotic resistance of C. jejuni isolates collected from poultry and the human community. The monitoring was carried out in poultry slaughterhouses in 2006 and 2007. From broilers, cloacal swabs were collected and examined. The human isolates of C. jejuni were acquired from rectal swabs in community patients with diarrhoeal diseases. Suspected isolates of both animal and human origin were confirmed by the PCR methods. Antibiotic resistance to selected anti-microbial agents was tested by the microdilution method. In the monitored period, the prevalence of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in broilers in the Czech Republic reached almost 50%. In 2006, C. jejuni was detected in 46% and Campylobacter coli in 3% of the tested samples. In 2007, C. jejuni was found in 43% and C. coli in 2% of the samples. The results of anti-microbial susceptibility testing of C. jejuni showed higher resistance in animals when compared with humans. The only exception was tetracycline with higher resistance in isolates of human origin. The highest resistance detected was to quinolone antibiotics. Resistance to oxolinic acid was 77% in animal and 60% in human isolates, to ciprofloxacin 72% in isolates from poultry and 55% in those from humans. In ampicillin, 26% of poultry isolates and 16% of human isolates were resistant. Moreover, 9% of animal isolates demonstrated resistance to streptomycin, undetected in human isolates. In erythromycin, resistance was found in 6% of poultry and 1% of human isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bardon
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, State Veterinary Institute Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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