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Mohamed F, Ruiz Rodriguez LG, Zorzoli A, Dorfmueller HC, Raya RR, Mozzi F. Genomic diversity in Fructobacillus spp. isolated from fructose-rich niches. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281839. [PMID: 36795789 PMCID: PMC9934391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fructobacillus genus is a group of obligately fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) that requires the use of fructose or another electron acceptor for their growth. In this work, we performed a comparative genomic analysis within the genus Fructobacillus by using 24 available genomes to evaluate genomic and metabolic differences among these organisms. In the genome of these strains, which varies between 1.15- and 1.75-Mbp, nineteen intact prophage regions, and seven complete CRISPR-Cas type II systems were found. Phylogenetic analyses located the studied genomes in two different clades. A pangenome analysis and a functional classification of their genes revealed that genomes of the first clade presented fewer genes involved in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen compounds. Moreover, the presence of genes strictly related to the use of fructose and electron acceptors was variable within the genus, although these variations were not always related to the phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Mohamed
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Azul Zorzoli
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Helge C. Dorfmueller
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Raúl R. Raya
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Mozzi
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Huerta-González L, López-Valdez F, Luna-Suárez S. The potential use of acylglycerols on the thermal inactivation of lactic acid bacteria for the manufacture of long-life fermented products. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:283. [PMID: 36435751 PMCID: PMC9701366 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of acylglycerols on the thermal inactivation of lactic acid bacteria used in the production of fermented products was studied. The starting point was the observation of an increase in thermal sensitivity in the presence of an emulsifier based on mono- and diacylglycerols in the culture medium. Analysis of the emulsifier showed that monoacylglycerols were the compounds responsible for this effect, with monopalmitin being the main contributor. Monostearin, on the other hand, showed significantly less potentiating effect. Interestingly, monoacylglycerols showed a greater bactericidal effect when used individually than when used in combination. On the other hand, the rate of thermal inactivation observed in reconstituted skim milk emulsions was lower than in peptone water emulsions, showing that the presence of proteins and colloidal particles increased the resistance of bacteria to heat treatment. With respect to pH values, a reduction in pH from 6.6 to 5.5 promoted an increase in the rate of thermal death. However, at pH = 5.5, the enhancing bactericidal effect was only detectable when the heat treatment was performed at low temperatures but not at high temperatures. This finding is of interest, since it will allow the design of moderate heat treatments, combining the use of temperature with the addition of acylglycerols, to prolong the shelf life of products fermented with lactic acid bacteria, and minimizing the destruction of desirable compounds that were obtained by the fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Huerta-González
- Food Biotechnology & Agricultural Biotechnology Labs. Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIBA-IPN). Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, 90700, México.
| | - Fernando López-Valdez
- Food Biotechnology & Agricultural Biotechnology Labs. Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIBA-IPN). Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, 90700, México
| | - Silvia Luna-Suárez
- Food Biotechnology & Agricultural Biotechnology Labs. Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIBA-IPN). Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, 90700, México
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Abstract
Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) are heterofermentative and related to the genera Fructilactobacillus, Convivina, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus and Weissella. Although they generally prefer fructose above glucose, obligate heterofermentative species will ferment glucose in the presence of external electron acceptors such as pyruvate and fructose. Little is known about the presence of FLAB in the human gut, let alone probiotic properties. In this review we discuss the possible role FLAB may have in the human gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) and highlight the advantages and disadvantages these bacteria may have in individuals with a diet high in fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - A Endo
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
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Singh N, Hussain A, Kumar Singh S. Morphological transitions of Bacillus subtilis in the presence of food-grade lipidic nanoemulsions. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1223-1230. [PMID: 32147836 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to study the antibacterial activity of food-grade lipidic nanoemulsion (noncationized/cationized) against Bacillus subtilis (BS). Bactericidal activity was ascertained by studying the morphological transitions on BS using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphological changes were witnessed by cell wall breakage, oozing out of cellular contents, loss of cell turgidity and contour. Furthermore, aggregation of cationic nanoemulsion (CaNM) was preferentially observed at apical side of BS construing comparatively more electrostatic attraction between electronegative apical side and CaNM. Resistance response of BS exhibited by apical cell-wall thickening was not able to protect the bacteria due to leakage of cellular content. AFM corroborated its importance in bacteriology, wherein the fragmented cell wall can be "piece-by-piece" identified and sutured back to its appropriate vacant places, thereby, completing the cell wall contour of the ghost cell. Such postmortem analysis of bacterial cell using AFM studies can throw light toward mechanism of cell fragmentation of bacterial cells. SEM study also demonstrated the deformed, fragmented, and amorphous nature of BS construing the bactericidal effect of prepared nanoemulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Singh
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Technology, University Polytechnic, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Endo A, Maeno S, Tanizawa Y, Kneifel W, Arita M, Dicks L, Salminen S. Fructophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria, a Unique Group of Fructose-Fermenting Microbes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e01290-18. [PMID: 30054367 PMCID: PMC6146980 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01290-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) are a recently discovered group, consisting of a few Fructobacillus and Lactobacillus species. Because of their unique characteristics, including poor growth on glucose and preference of oxygen, they are regarded as "unconventional" lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Their unusual growth characteristics are due to an incomplete gene encoding a bifunctional alcohol/acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (adhE). This results in the imbalance of NAD/NADH and the requirement of additional electron acceptors to metabolize glucose. Oxygen, fructose, and pyruvate are used as electron acceptors. FLAB have significantly fewer genes for carbohydrate metabolism than other LAB, especially due to the lack of complete phosphotransferase system (PTS) transporters. They have been isolated from fructose-rich environments, including flowers, fruits, fermented fruits, and the guts of insects that feed on plants rich in fructose, and are separated into two groups on the basis of their habitats. One group is associated with flowers, grapes, wines, and insects, and the second group is associated with ripe fruits and fruit fermentations. Species associated with insects may play a role in the health of their host and are regarded as suitable vectors for paratransgenesis in honey bees. Besides their impact on insect health, FLAB may be promising candidates for the promotion of human health. Further studies are required to explore their beneficial properties in animals and humans and their applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Endo
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shintaro Maeno
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Wolfgang Kneifel
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Masanori Arita
- National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Leon Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Yoon BK, Jackman JA, Valle-González ER, Cho NJ. Antibacterial Free Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides: Biological Activities, Experimental Testing, and Therapeutic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29642500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041114.pmid:29642500;pmcid:pmc5979495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial lipids such as fatty acids and monoglycerides are promising antibacterial agents that destabilize bacterial cell membranes, causing a wide range of direct and indirect inhibitory effects. The goal of this review is to introduce the latest experimental approaches for characterizing how antimicrobial lipids destabilize phospholipid membranes within the broader scope of introducing current knowledge about the biological activities of antimicrobial lipids, testing strategies, and applications for treating bacterial infections. To this end, a general background on antimicrobial lipids, including structural classification, is provided along with a detailed description of their targeting spectrum and currently understood antibacterial mechanisms. Building on this knowledge, different experimental approaches to characterize antimicrobial lipids are presented, including cell-based biological and model membrane-based biophysical measurement techniques. Particular emphasis is placed on drawing out how biological and biophysical approaches complement one another and can yield mechanistic insights into how the physicochemical properties of antimicrobial lipids influence molecular self-assembly and concentration-dependent interactions with model phospholipid and bacterial cell membranes. Examples of possible therapeutic applications are briefly introduced to highlight the potential significance of antimicrobial lipids for human health and medicine, and to motivate the importance of employing orthogonal measurement strategies to characterize the activity profile of antimicrobial lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyeong Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore.
| | - Joshua A Jackman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Elba R Valle-González
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore.
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore.
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Yoon BK, Jackman JA, Valle-González ER, Cho NJ. Antibacterial Free Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides: Biological Activities, Experimental Testing, and Therapeutic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1114. [PMID: 29642500 PMCID: PMC5979495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial lipids such as fatty acids and monoglycerides are promising antibacterial agents that destabilize bacterial cell membranes, causing a wide range of direct and indirect inhibitory effects. The goal of this review is to introduce the latest experimental approaches for characterizing how antimicrobial lipids destabilize phospholipid membranes within the broader scope of introducing current knowledge about the biological activities of antimicrobial lipids, testing strategies, and applications for treating bacterial infections. To this end, a general background on antimicrobial lipids, including structural classification, is provided along with a detailed description of their targeting spectrum and currently understood antibacterial mechanisms. Building on this knowledge, different experimental approaches to characterize antimicrobial lipids are presented, including cell-based biological and model membrane-based biophysical measurement techniques. Particular emphasis is placed on drawing out how biological and biophysical approaches complement one another and can yield mechanistic insights into how the physicochemical properties of antimicrobial lipids influence molecular self-assembly and concentration-dependent interactions with model phospholipid and bacterial cell membranes. Examples of possible therapeutic applications are briefly introduced to highlight the potential significance of antimicrobial lipids for human health and medicine, and to motivate the importance of employing orthogonal measurement strategies to characterize the activity profile of antimicrobial lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyeong Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore.
| | - Joshua A Jackman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Elba R Valle-González
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore.
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore.
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Kim S, Rhee M. Highly enhanced bactericidal effects of medium chain fatty acids (caprylic, capric, and lauric acid) combined with edible plant essential oils (carvacrol, eugenol, β-resorcylic acid, trans -cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and vanillin) against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Upadhyay A, Upadhyaya I, Karumathil DP, Yin HB, Nair MS, Bhattaram V, Chen CH, Flock G, Mooyottu S, Venkitanarayanan K. Control of Listeria monocytogenes on skinless frankfurters by coating with phytochemicals. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Upadhyay A, Upadhyaya I, Kollanoor-Johny A, Ananda Baskaran S, Mooyottu S, Karumathil D, Venkitanarayanan K. Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters by plant-derived antimicrobials alone or in combination with hydrogen peroxide. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 163:114-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Comparison of antibacterial effect of seven 1-monoglycerides on food-borne pathogens or spoilage bacteria. ACTA VET BRNO 2011. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201180010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare under the same conditionsin vitrothe inhibitory effects of seven 1-monoglycerides (MAG) containing fatty acids with a medium chain on ten strains of food-borne pathogens or spoilage gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella entericaser.Enteritidis andPseudomonas aeruginosa) and on their growth indicatos. The inhibitory effect of MAGs (monocaprylin, monocaprin, monolaurin, monomyristin, monopalmitin, MAG of undecanoic and 10-undecenoic acids) at a concentration of 25 – 1500 mg·l-1was observed. Growth of bacteria in the presence of MAG was studied by means of optical density of bacteria for 24 h. The data were modelled through a Gompertz equation and the lag-time, the maximum specific growth rate and the maximal value reached were calculated. MAGs inhibited mainly the growth of gram-positive bacteria, which was shown by the extended lag-time, decrease in specific growth rate and decrease in cell density. Inhibitory effects of tested MAGs could be ranked from point of view of the minimum inhibitory concentration: MAG-C12:0 > MAG-C11:0 > MAG-C10:0 > MAG-C14:0 > MAG-C11:1 > MAG-C8:0 > MAG-C16:0.In vitro, no significant inhibitory effects of 1-monoglycerides, with the exception of the highest concentrations applied, on the growth of gram-negative bacteria were detected. The main contribution of this study is to compare the effects of several MAG containing fatty acids with a medium chain under the same conditions on the growth indicators of bacteria.
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