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Traore KA, Aboubacar-Paraiso AR, Bouda SC, Ouoba JB, Kagambèga A, Roques P, Barro N. Characteristics of Nontyphoid Salmonella Isolated from Human, Environmental, Animal, and Food Samples in Burkina Faso: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:556. [PMID: 38927222 PMCID: PMC11200751 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the world's leading causes of zoonotic and foodborne illnesses. Recently, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most critical challenges to public health and food safety. Herein, we employed a meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence and spatiotemporal distribution of serovars and antimicrobial resistance in NTS in Burkina Faso. To find eligible articles, a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, African Journals Online, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the gray literature (university libraries) in Burkina was conducted for the period from 2008 to 2020. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and assessed for risk of bias. To assess the temporal and spatial relationships between serotypes and resistant strains from humans, animals, food, and the environment, a random-effects statistical model meta-analysis was carried out using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.0 program. The NTS prevalence rates were 4.6% (95% CI: 3-7) and 20.1% (95% CI: 6.6-47.4) in humans and animals, respectively, and 16.8% (95% CI: 10.5-25.8) and 15.6% (95% CI: 8.2-27.5) in food and the environment, respectively. Most NTS serovars were S. Derby, reported both in food and animals, and S. Typhimurium, reported in humans, while S. Croft II, S. Jodpur II, and S. Kentucky were the most prevalent in the environment. NTS isolates were highly resistant to erythromycin, amoxicillin, cefixime, and cephalothin, with a pooled prevalence of multidrug resistance of 29% (95% CI: 14.5-49.5). The results of this review show a high diversity of Salmonella serotypes, as well as high antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates from animal, human, food, and environmental samples in Burkina, calling for a consolidated "One Health" approach to better understand the drivers of pathogen emergence, spread, and antimicrobial resistance, as well as the formulation of intervention measures needed to limit the risk associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Abdoulaye Traore
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (UJKZ), Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (A.R.A.-P.)
- Laboratoire Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (LaSVT), Université Norbert ZONGO (UNZ), Koudougou BP 376, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul Rachid Aboubacar-Paraiso
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (UJKZ), Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (A.R.A.-P.)
| | - Soutongnooma Caroline Bouda
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (UJKZ), Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (A.R.A.-P.)
| | - Jean Bienvenue Ouoba
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (UJKZ), Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (A.R.A.-P.)
- Centre Universitaire de Manga (CUM), Université Norbert ZONGO (UNZ), Koudougou BP 376, Burkina Faso
| | - Assèta Kagambèga
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (UJKZ), Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (A.R.A.-P.)
- Department of Biology, Institute of Sciences (IDS), Ouagadougou 1757, Burkina Faso
| | - Pierre Roques
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Guinée (IPGui), Conakry 4416, Guinea;
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (UJKZ), Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (A.R.A.-P.)
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Kabeta T, Tolosa T, Duchateau L, Van Immerseel F, Antonissen G. Prevalence and serotype of poultry salmonellosis in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Avian Pathol 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38639048 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2344549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS The pooled sample prevalence of poultry salmonellosis in Africa is high (14.4%).The highest PPE was recorded in meat and meat products.Salmonella serotypes of zoonotic importance were found in all sample types.Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium are common serotypes spreading in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadele Kabeta
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology, and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tadele Tolosa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Biometrics Research Group, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology, and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gunther Antonissen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology, and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Asati DA, Abdulai PM, Boateng KS, Appau AAA, Ofori LA, Agyekum TP. Food safety knowledge and practices among raw meat handlers and the microbial content of raw meat sold at Kumasi Abattoir Butchery Shops in Kumasi, Ghana. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:975. [PMID: 38584288 PMCID: PMC11000319 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foodborne diseases affect nearly 600 million people each year, that is, one in every ten people, and their outbreaks are most common in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Africa. This study investigated the food safety practices among raw meat handlers and the microbial quality of the meat from the butchery shops in Kumasi Abattoir, Ghana. METHODS This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study and collected quantitative data on factors associated with food safety and hygienic practices among raw meat handlers and the microbial quality of the raw meat using a structured questionnaire and standard laboratory methods, respectively. The study used all 50 beef vending shops in the butchery for questionnaire aspect and fresh beef samples were obtained from 10 vendors in the butchery shop. Appropriate methods were followed to analyse questionnaire data and meat samples. RESULTS Most of the butchers (72%) were between the ages of 31 and 45, and they were predominantly Muslims (68%). Most of the respondents (48%) had basic education. All the respondents had food safety certificates from the local authority but needed adequate knowledge of meat safety. Most respondents (90%) handled meat and money with the same bare hands, thus contaminating the meat. The study showed that the maximum Total Viable Count (TVC), Total Staphylococcus Count (TSC), and Total Escherichia coli Count (TEC) were 5.60, 4.39 and 5.13 cfu/g, respectively. The study also revealed that all the meat samples were Salmonella species-free. CONCLUSIONS Microorganisms in raw beef indicate a public health hazard. It gives a signal of a possible occurrence of food-borne intoxication and infection if not controlled. Environmental health officers in the Greater Kumasi area should organize food safety training and educate raw meat handlers on the importance of food safety and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Azeko Asati
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Prosper Manu Abdulai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kofi Sekyere Boateng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Public Health Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurship, Asante Mampong, Ghana
| | - Abigail Abena Anokyewaa Appau
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Linda Aurelia Ofori
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Thomas Peprah Agyekum
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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Emamjomeh M, Mohd Hashim A, Abdul-Mutalib NA, Khairil Mokhtar NF, Mustapha NA, Maeda T, Amin-Nordin S. Profiling bacterial communities and foodborne pathogens on food-associated surface following contact with raw beef, chicken and pork using 16S amplicon metagenomics. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Resistance Genes, Plasmids, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), and Phenotypic Resistance of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) Isolated from Slaughtered Chickens in Burkina Faso. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060782. [PMID: 35740187 PMCID: PMC9219948 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in developing countries increases risks to the health of both such countries' residents and the global community due to international travel. It is consequently necessary to investigate antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in countries such as Burkina Faso, where surveillance data are not available. To study the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella, 102 Salmonella strains isolated from slaughtered chickens were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to obtain information on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and other genetic factors. Twenty-two different serotypes were identified using WGS, the most prevalent of which were Hato (28/102, 27.5%) and Derby (23/102, 22.5%). All strains analyzed possessed at least one and up to nine AMR genes, with the most prevalent being the non-functional aac(6')-Iaa gene, followed by aph(6)-Id. Multi-drug resistance was found genotypically in 36.2% of the isolates for different classes of antibiotics, such as fosfomycin and β-lactams, among others. Plasmids were identified in 43.1% of isolates (44/102), and 25 plasmids were confirmed to carry AMR genes. The results show that chicken can be considered as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains. Due to the prevalence of these drug-resistant pathogens and the potential for foodborne illnesses, poultry processing and cooking should be performed with attention to prescribed safe handling methods to avoid cross-contamination with chicken products.
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Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella Species Isolated from Retail Beef in Selected KwaZulu-Natal Municipality Areas, South Africa. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Salmonellosis and antimicrobial resistance caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella are public health concerns. This study aimed at determining prevalence, serovars, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella from beef products. Four-hundred beef samples from 25 retail outlets in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were analyzed for Salmonella using standard methods, confirmation with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight and serotyping according to the White–Kauffmann–Le Minor scheme. The Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial resistance against Cefotaxime, Kanamycin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin Cefoxitin and Tetracycline. A polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect invA, agfA, lpfA, hilA, sivH, sefA, sopE, and spvC virulence genes. Salmonella was observed in 1.25% (5/400) of the samples. Four serovars (Enteritidis, Hadar, Heidelberg, Stanley) were identified. Almost all Salmonella were susceptible to all antimicrobials except S. Enteritidis isolate that was resistant to Tetracycline, Ampicillin and Amoxicillin. All Salmonella isolates carried at least two virulence factors. The findings indicate low Salmonella prevalence in meat from selected KZN retail beef; however, routine surveillance to monitor risk associated with virulence factors is required to mitigate potential outbreaks. The resistant S. Enteritidis highlights a need to routinely monitor antimicrobial resistance in order to enhance human health.
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Vidal PO, DE Cassia Vieira Cardoso R, Nunes IL, DA Silva Lima WK. Quality and Safety of Fresh Beef in Retail: A Review. J Food Prot 2022; 85:435-447. [PMID: 34818412 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to review the scientific literature on the quality and safety of beef sold in retail, methodologies used for quality evaluation, and proposed interventions for the sector. Bibliographical research was performed to identify scientific articles using the electronic databases Ovid, PubMed, Scielo, LILACS, Scopus, and Embase. Thirty-three articles were included in the review. Given the different dimensions of the studies, the results were organized into three categories, according to the following approaches: food, environment, and handlers; consumers and selection criteria; and intervention strategies for the retail sector. The applied methodological strategies revealed inadequate conditions and neglect in several processing and operation stages that are fundamental to the maintenance of quality standards. The results confirm a worrying scenario and the presence of risks to consumers. Based on the studies evaluated, it is necessary to emphasize consumer concern about the importance of the integrated information chain-all stages involved in the production process and meat distribution for retail meat stores. The reported conditions from different studies indicate the need for interventions with a view to prevention of health risks, continued training of food handlers, and transformation of evidenced realities. In this context, it is possible to point out the predominance of diagnostic studies, in contrast with interventional studies focused on the training and qualification of food handlers. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Permínio Oliveira Vidal
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), Avenida Carlos Amaral 1015, Cajueiro 44574-490, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ryzia DE Cassia Vieira Cardoso
- Department of Food Science, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Itacorobi 88034-000, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Itaciara Larroza Nunes
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Itacorobi 88034-000, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Karine DA Silva Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Basílio da Gama s/n, Canela 40110-907, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Kagambèga A, Belem S, McMillan EA, Hiott LM, Ramadan H, Soro DK, Sharma P, Gupta SK, Barro N, Jackson CR, Frye JG. Genome analysis of Salmonella strains isolated from imported frozen fish in Burkina Faso. ANN MICROBIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-021-01642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Fish is an excellent source of protein and vitamins for humans, but improperly handled, fish can expose consumers to pathogenic bacteria. This study was aimed to isolate and characterize the genomes of Salmonella strains isolated from imported fish sold in the open market in Ouagadougou.
Methods
One hundred and fifty-nine fish were collected from open markets and were cultured for Salmonella. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution. Whole-genome sequencing was done to further study antibiotic resistance genes, plasmid replicons, and MSLT types. Serotyping was done using SeqSero 2.
Result
Out of the 159 fish samples analyzed, 30 (18.9%) were found to be contaminated with Salmonella. Among the isolated Salmonella strains, six different serotypes, Nima, Liverpool, Kokomlemle, Teshie, Derby, and Tennessee, were found using SeqSero2. Salmonella Tennessee was the predominant serotype. All the isolates possessed at least one resistance gene. The aac6-Iaa aminoglycoside resistance gene was the most prevalent gene found in the strains. The gene fosA7 was detected in three strains. All the S. Nima isolates were of Multilocus Sequence Type (MLST) 8086, S. Teshie isolate was ST 530; Liverpool was ST 1959; Derby was ST 7880; Kokomlemle was ST 2696. The Tennessee isolates gave two different STs including ST 8395 and 8398.
Conclusion
The presented results highlight the prevalence of Salmonella on imported fish purchased from the open markets. More attention should be paid regarding fish selling conditions in the country to prevent the potential health risk for consumers.
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Compaoré MKA, Bazie BSR, Nikiema MEM, Dakené VM, Dembélé R, Kpoda DS, Kabré E, Barro N. Assessment of the sanitary quality of ready to eat sesame, a low moisture street food from Burkina Faso. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:207. [PMID: 34238245 PMCID: PMC8268584 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial contamination of edible low moisture food poses a significant public health risk for human. In this study, the microbial quality of sweet dehulled sesame seed croquettes, salted dehulled sesame seed and the raw sesame seed, sold under ambient conditions were examined. The samples were collected in the cities of Burkina Faso. The first type is sweet dehulled sesame seed croquettes (n1 = 25); the second type is salted dehulled sesame seed (n2 = 25) and the third type is raw sesame seed (n3 = 25). Assessment of the microbial quality was based on the total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, the thermotolerant coliforms, the yeasts and moulds, the E. coli, and the Salmonella spp. using ISO methods. RESULTS The results showed the presence of microorganisms varying from <1.0 to 1.72 × 105 CFU g- 1 for thermotolerant coliforms, from <1.0 to 6,12 × 106 CFU g- 1 for the total mesophilic aerobic flora and from <1.0 to 8.10 × 105 CFU g- 1 for yeasts and moulds. The higher contaminations rates were mostly observed in raw sesame seed samples. No E coli or Salmonella pathogens were detected. Based on international standards of dehydrated food, 50.67% of the ready to eat sesame are satisficing while 17.33% are acceptable and 32% are not satisficing. CONCLUSION Attention should be emphasized on the processing practices, especially in crowded places where RTE sesames seeds are mostly sold. The high numbers of all microbial groups in these sesame seed samples suggested that the production of RTE sesame seed should be improved by better hygiene. This study highlights also that RTE sesame seed might harbor a wide range of microorganisms when processes are weak of hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muller K A Compaoré
- Laboratoire de Biologie moléculaire, d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), École Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph KI- ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP), 09 BP 24, Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso.
| | - Bazoin Sylvain Raoul Bazie
- Laboratoire de Biologie moléculaire, d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), École Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph KI- ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP), 09 BP 24, Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso
| | - Marguerite E M Nikiema
- Laboratoire de Biologie moléculaire, d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), École Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph KI- ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Virginie Marie Dakené
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP), 09 BP 24, Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biotechnologie, Technologie Alimentaire et Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - René Dembélé
- Laboratoire de Biologie moléculaire, d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), École Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph KI- ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (UFR/SAT), Université de Dédougou, BP 176, Dédougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Dissinviel Stéphane Kpoda
- Université Joseph KI- ZERBO, Centre Université de Ziniaré, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Elie Kabré
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP), 09 BP 24, Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratoire de Biologie moléculaire, d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), École Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph KI- ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
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Nikiema MEM, Pardos de la Gandara M, Compaore KAM, Ky Ba A, Soro KD, Nikiema PA, Barro N, Sangare L, Weill FX. Contamination of street food with multidrug-resistant Salmonella, in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253312. [PMID: 34138936 PMCID: PMC8211238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal infections are a global public health problem. In Burkina Faso, West Africa, exposure to Salmonella through the consumption of unhygienic street food represents a major risk of infection requiring detailed evaluation. Methods Between June 2017 and July 2018, we sampled 201 street food stalls, in 11 geographic sectors of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. We checked for Salmonella contamination in 201 sandwiches (one per seller), according to the ISO 6579:2002 standard. All Salmonella isolates were characterized by serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing was performed on a subset of isolates, to investigate their phylogenetic relationships and antimicrobial resistance determinants. Results The prevalence of Salmonella enterica was 17.9% (36/201) and the Salmonella isolates belonged to 16 different serotypes, the most frequent being Kentucky, Derby and Tennessee, with five isolates each. Six Salmonella isolates from serotypes Brancaster and Kentucky were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Whole-genome sequencing revealed that four of these MDR isolates belonged to the emergent S. enterica serotype Kentucky clone ST198-X1 and to an invasive lineage of S. enterica serotype Enteritidis (West African clade). Conclusion This study reveals a high prevalence of Salmonella spp. in sandwiches sold in Ouagadougou. The presence of MDR Salmonella in food on sale detected in this study is also matter of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite E. M. Nikiema
- Laboratoire d’Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus transmissibles par les Aliments, Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie (EDST), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre National de Référence des Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (MEMN); (FXW)
| | - Maria Pardos de la Gandara
- Centre National de Référence des Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Kiswensida A. M. Compaore
- Laboratoire d’Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus transmissibles par les Aliments, Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie (EDST), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Absétou Ky Ba
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/SDS)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Santé (EDSS), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Karna D. Soro
- Laboratoire d’Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus transmissibles par les Aliments, Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie (EDST), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Philippe A. Nikiema
- Laboratoire d’Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus transmissibles par les Aliments, Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie (EDST), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratoire d’Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus transmissibles par les Aliments, Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie (EDST), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Lassana Sangare
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/SDS)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Santé (EDSS), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - François-Xavier Weill
- Centre National de Référence des Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (MEMN); (FXW)
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Hedgehogs as a Potential Source of Zoonotic Pathogens-A Review and an Update of Knowledge. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061754. [PMID: 34208276 PMCID: PMC8230866 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Up to date studies indicate that wild hedgehogs may act as carriers and/or hosts for bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens with zoonotic potential, posing a significant threat to humans. The same applies to domestic hedgehogs, which are increasingly kept as pets. Considering the potential risk of infection to humans through close contact with hedgehogs or the contaminated environment they inhabit, current data on the prevalence of various zoonotic pathogens in these animals is desirable. Abstract Hedgehogs are small insectivorous mammals common across Europe, Asia, and Africa. The increased encroachment of humans into hedgehog habitats has disrupted the human-animal-environment interface. With growing interest in the zoonotic diseases of wildlife species, more studies have been devoted to this subject in the last few years. These papers provide information about known and new emerging diseases. Here we review the current knowledge regarding bacterial, viral, protozoic, and mycotic pathogens with zoonotic potential and assess the importance of hedgehogs as their carriers. Both wild and pet hedgehogs were included in the review. Data from several countries and various hedgehog species were included. The study shows the importance of hedgehogs as carriers of zoonotic diseases and reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens in varied habitats.
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Kagambèga A, Hiott LM, Boyle DS, McMillan EA, Sharma P, Gupta SK, Ramadan H, Cho S, Humayoun SB, Woodley TA, Barro N, Jackson CR, Frye JG. Serotyping of sub-Saharan Africa Salmonella strains isolated from poultry feces using multiplex PCR and whole genome sequencing. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:29. [PMID: 33468047 PMCID: PMC7814607 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica remains a leading cause of food-borne diseases worldwide. Serotype information is important in food safety and public health activities to reduce the burden of salmonellosis. In the current study, two methods were used to determine serotypes of 111 strains of Salmonella isolated from poultry feces in Burkina Faso. First, Salmonella Multiplex Assay for Rapid Typing (SMART) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to determine the serovars of the S. enterica isolates. Second, serovar prediction based on whole genome sequencing (WGS) data was performed using SeqSero 2.0. Results Among the 111 Salmonella isolates, serotypes for 17 (15.31%) isolates were identified based on comparison to a panel of representative SMART codes previously determined for the 50 most common serovars in the United States. Forty-four (44) new SMART codes were developed for common and uncommon serotypes. A total of 105 (94.59%) isolates were serotyped using SeqSero 2.0 for serovar prediction based on WGS data. Conclusion We determined that SeqSero 2.0 was more comprehensive for identifying Salmonella serotypes from Burkina Faso than SMART PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assèta Kagambèga
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, GA, USA. .,Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'épidémiologie et de surveillance des bactéries et virus transmissibles par les aliments (LaBESTA)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. .,Institut des Sciences, Ministère des enseignement supérieur, de la recherche scientifique et de l'innovation, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Lari M Hiott
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A McMillan
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sushim K Gupta
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, GA, USA.,Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Sohyun Cho
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Shaheen B Humayoun
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Tiffanie A Woodley
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'épidémiologie et de surveillance des bactéries et virus transmissibles par les aliments (LaBESTA)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Charlene R Jackson
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan G Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA, ARS, Athens, GA, USA
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Salamandane C, Fonseca F, Afonso S, Lobo ML, Antunes F, Matos O. Handling of Fresh Vegetables: Knowledge, Hygienic Behavior of Vendors, Public Health in Maputo Markets, Mozambique. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6302. [PMID: 32872524 PMCID: PMC7504209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In developing countries, markets are the main supply of horticultural products to populations, but this can pose a public health challenge due to the risk of the fecal-oral transmission of gut pathogens. This transmission is strongly associated with inadequate public sanitation or low standards of personal and domestic hygiene, and their prevalence can cause gastrointestinal diseases, which are the third leading cause of death in Mozambique. This study aims at assessing the risk for public health of horticultural products supply chain, from the farmers-vendors to the consumers, in municipal markets in Maputo-City, Mozambique. Surveys (75) were conducted on vendors and an observational analysis was performed in the markets under study. The results showed that 62% of the vendors had access to water from boreholes or artisanal sources and the issue "access to water" was significantly different between markets (p = 0.004). Of the vendors who wash their products (53.3%), only 7.5% use tap-water for this purpose, with the difference in attitudes being statistically significant between vendors in the markets (p = 0.035). The majority (60.4%) said that vegetables and fruits can cause diseases due to pesticides and only 31.3% believe that the diseases may be related to poor hygiene. Despite the vendors' low knowledge of Good Hygiene Practices (GHP), we noticed that women have better practical assimilation of GHP when compared to men (p = 0.008). Although Maputo's markets are struggling to achieve quality hygiene standards in a reliable and sustainable manner, their resources are limited and significantly different (p = 0.044) from market to market, and this problem remains a concern for the public-health authorities of the city. In conclusion, the provision of adequate drinking water and sewage disposal systems, together with education for health of vendors, can reduce the risk of contamination of fresh food by the more common organisms causing diarrhea in children, including intestinal parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Salamandane
- Medical Parasitology Unit, Group of Opportunistic Protozoa/HIV and Other Protozoa, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1700-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.S.); (M.L.L.)
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Economia e Gestão, 1700-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde (FCS), Universidade Lúrio, Nampula 4250, Mozambique
| | - Filipa Fonseca
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Economia e Gestão, 1700-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sónia Afonso
- Parasitology Department of Veterinary Faculty, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 3453, Mozambique;
| | - Maria Luisa Lobo
- Medical Parasitology Unit, Group of Opportunistic Protozoa/HIV and Other Protozoa, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1700-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.S.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Francisco Antunes
- Environmental Health Institute, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1700-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Olga Matos
- Medical Parasitology Unit, Group of Opportunistic Protozoa/HIV and Other Protozoa, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1700-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.S.); (M.L.L.)
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Birgen BJ, Njue LG, Kaindi DWM, Ogutu FO, Owade JO. Quantitative versus qualitative risk assessment of meat and its products: what is feasible for Sub-Saharan African countries? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:106-118. [PMID: 32847381 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1812505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prevalent risks in meat value-chains of sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are increasingly attributed to microbial rather than chemical hazards. Resource constraints and lack of capacity has limited the utilization of risk assessment tools in the instituting of food controls to mitigate the risks. The review sought to bring to light the focus of risk assessment studies in SSA while generating evidence of feasible options to further the contribution of this component in risk mitigation. The informal street vending sector emerges as a priority in the meat value chain with a vendor population that are unwilling to abandon it. Campylobacter and Staphylococcus aureus are prevalent risks that have bedeviled this sector. However, limited risk assessment studies with capacity to inform proper food controls for the sector have been done. Evidence in place indicate that the incorporation of qualitative aspects in quantitative approaches serve as less-costly and effective ways of generating risk estimates. Limitations of capacity and gaps in epidemiological data are also circumvented. Considering that the street-vending sector is robust and its dynamics of operation are not fully in the picture of policy actors; incorporation of a participatory approach that combines qualitative and quantitative aspects of risk assessment is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice J Birgen
- Elimu Millers Department, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.,Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lucy G Njue
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dasel W M Kaindi
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick O Ogutu
- Food Technology Division, Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute, GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joshua O Owade
- Food Technology Division, Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute, GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
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Vidal Junior PO, Menezes ACR, de Souza LMP, Guimarães AG, Cardoso RDCV. Trade and safety issues of raw beef from the countryside of Bahia state, Brazil. J Public Health Res 2020; 9:1752. [PMID: 33014913 PMCID: PMC7499098 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2020.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brazil is one of the world's largest meat exporters. However, there is a paradox in this situation due to existing non-inspected meat trade and technical-sanitary failures in retail marketing. Design and methods: This study aimed at characterizing the issues of trade, food safety and quality of raw beef in the street market of a municipality in the state of Bahia. An exploratory, quantitative and census study was carried out, at 17 raw beef vending locations. A questionnaire was administered and meat samples were collected (n=34), which were submitted to a physicochemical assessment, color analysis and microbiological analyses. Results: Meat sellers were between 20 and 64 years of age, predominantly males (82.4%), with limited education and without professional training (64.7%). Medians for temperature and pH in the small butcher shops samples were 18.10ºC and 5.75 respectively, and 21.80ºC and 5.50, in small supermarkets samples. The difference in pH was significant (p<0.05). The filtration test suggested quality changes in 17.65% of the samples. No frauds were detected. Total coliform count medians were 4.90 and 4.78 log CFU/g, for the samples taken from butcher shops and supermarkets, respectively. E. coli was identified in approximately 40.0% of the samples. Salmonella spp. were confirmed in two samples collected in the butcher shops. There was a significant association between inadequate storage conditions and microorganism counts (p<0.02). Conclusions: The results evidenced a meat supply with preservation failures and non-compliance with hygiene requirements, constituting a consumers' health hazard, not in line with an agroexporting country model.
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Thomas KM, de Glanville WA, Barker GC, Benschop J, Buza JJ, Cleaveland S, Davis MA, French NP, Mmbaga BT, Prinsen G, Swai ES, Zadoks RN, Crump JA. Prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in African food animals and meat: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 315:108382. [PMID: 31710971 PMCID: PMC6985902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter and Salmonella, particularly non-typhoidal Salmonella, are important bacterial enteric pathogens of humans which are often carried asymptomatically in animal reservoirs. Bacterial foodborne infections, including those derived from meat, are associated with illness and death globally but the burden is disproportionately high in Africa. Commercial meat production is increasing and intensifying in many African countries, creating opportunities and threats for food safety. METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched six databases for English language studies published through June 2016, that reported Campylobacter or Salmonella carriage or infection prevalence in food animals and contamination prevalence in food animal products from African countries. A random effects meta-analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate the species-specific prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter and assess relationships between sample type and region and the detection or isolation of either pathogen. RESULTS Seventy-three studies reporting Campylobacter and 187 studies reporting Salmonella across 27 African countries were represented. Adjusted prevalence calculations estimate Campylobacter detection in 37.7% (95% CI 31.6-44.3) of 11,828 poultry samples; 24.6% (95% CI 18.0-32.7) of 1975 pig samples; 17.8% (95% CI 12.6-24.5) of 2907 goat samples; 12.6% (95% CI 8.4-18.5) of 2382 sheep samples; and 12.3% (95% CI 9.5-15.8) of 6545 cattle samples. Salmonella were detected in 13.9% (95% CI 11.7-16.4) of 25,430 poultry samples; 13.1% (95% CI 9.3-18.3) of 5467 pig samples; 9.3% (95% CI 7.2-12.1) of 2988 camel samples; 5.3% (95% CI 4.0-6.8) of 72,292 cattle samples; 4.8% (95% CI 3.6-6.3) of 11,335 sheep samples; and 3.4% (95% CI 2.2-5.2) of 4904 goat samples. 'External' samples (e.g. hide, feathers) were significantly more likely to be contaminated by both pathogens than 'gut' (e.g. faeces, cloaca) while meat and organs were significantly less likely to be contaminated than gut samples. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated widespread prevalence of Campylobacter species and Salmonella serovars in African food animals and meat, particularly in samples of poultry and pig origin. Source attribution studies could help ascertain which food animals are contributing to human campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis and direct potential food safety interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Thomas
- Centre for International Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Good Samaritan Foundation, Moshi, United Republic of Tanzania.
| | - William A de Glanville
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Joram J Buza
- School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Sarah Cleaveland
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret A Davis
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Nigel P French
- mEpiLab, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, New Zealand
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Good Samaritan Foundation, Moshi, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Gerard Prinsen
- School of People, Environment and Planning, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Emmanuel S Swai
- State Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Ruth N Zadoks
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John A Crump
- Centre for International Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Afnabi RB, Sambo JJN, Mouiche MMM, Namegni RSP. Hazard assessment of Staphylococcus with positive coagulase in meat produced and distributed in the Northern regions of Cameroon. Vet World 2019; 12:466-471. [PMID: 31089319 PMCID: PMC6487253 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.466-471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Staphylococcus with positive coagulase (SPC) is a major problem for beef consumers in the northern part of Cameroon. For this purpose, the SPC concentrations in beef produced and supplied in the northern regions were determined, as well as the resistance profile of these bacteria to antibiotics. Materials and Methods: A total of 125 samples were obtained by the wet and dry swabbing method in traditional slaughterhouses and butcheries to evaluate the SPC concentration in meat, and then, 102 SPC isolations were collected to determine the antibiotic resistance profile. Results: The distribution of concentration of the SPC indicated no significant differences of bacterial evidence in almost all the slaughterhouses except the one in Manwi (with 2.66 log CFU/cm²) and the density in SPC is higher than that one in Guider (1.99 log CFU/cm²). The assessment of density in SPC among the selected slaughterhouse highlighted a superiority of the SPC concentrations in the Ngaoundere butcheries (3.83 log CFU/cm²) in comparison with those of other towns. At the level of the slaughterhouses, a higher proportion of resistance to Penicillin G was recorded than Gentamicin. Some butcheries recorded that all SPC reacted to Kanamycin, whereas they were more resistant to Penicillin G. Conclusion: These results reveal that the SPC found in meat poses a threat to meat consumers in the northern part of Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Bakari Afnabi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Ngaoundere University, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, P.O. Box: 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Jean Jacques Nenba Sambo
- Division of Microbiology, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, P.O. Box: 65, Wakwa, Cameroon
| | - Moctar Mohamed Mouliom Mouiche
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ngaoundere University, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, P.O. Box: 454, Ngaoundere Cameroon
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18
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The diversity of beef safety: A global reason to strengthen our current systems. Meat Sci 2017; 132:59-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Paudyal N, Anihouvi V, Hounhouigan J, Matsheka MI, Sekwati-Monang B, Amoa-Awua W, Atter A, Ackah NB, Mbugua S, Asagbra A, Abdelgadir W, Nakavuma J, Jakobsen M, Fang W. Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in food from selected African countries - A meta-analysis. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 249:35-43. [PMID: 28271855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Food safety information in the African region is insufficient and fragmented due to lack of surveillance, documentation and reporting, thereby resulting in inefficient utilization of resources, duplication of activities, and lack of synergy among the countries of the region. This paper reviews the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in seven African countries (Benin, Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan and Uganda) from papers in regional or international journals published between January 2000 and December 2015. One hundred and sixteen publications that dealt with food microbiology were reviewed for general analysis, while 66 papers on contamination of pathogenic bacteria were used for meta-analysis of prevalence. The food items were split into two categories: raw foods and ready-to-eat (RTE) foods (including street food and beverages) for meta-analysis. Majority of the reviewed studies (67.2%, 78/116) dealt with food of animal origin: 38.8% for meat and eggs, 17.2% for dairy products and 11.2% for aquatic products. Only 8.6% examined foods of plant origin (fruits and vegetables). The remaining 24.1% was the composite RTE food and beverages. Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were the most frequently reported organisms in those studies. Although the data were highly heterogeneous, a striking feature is high prevalence of the major pathogens in RTE foods, almost as high as in raw foods. E. coli averaged at 37.6% in raw foods and 31.6% in RTE foods. The corresponding prevalence for Salmonella was 19.9% vs 21.7%; S. aureus, 27.8% vs 25.1% and L. monocytogenes, 19.5% vs 6.7%. The average prevalence of foodborne pathogens in these countries was 34.2% (29.0-39.3%). Differences in food types as well as non-uniform protocols for sampling and identification might have contributed to high heterogeneity (I2 >97%) although some high prevalence data could be factual with extensive varieties of raw and RTE foods. Need for improved hygienic practices in handling of raw or RTE foods are suggested. Implementation of surveillance programs that use uniform laboratory protocols across the region could give homogeneous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Paudyal
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Victor Anihouvi
- Faculty of Agronomic Science, University of Abomey-Calavi, Jerico, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Joseph Hounhouigan
- Faculty of Agronomic Science, University of Abomey-Calavi, Jerico, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | | | - Wisdom Amoa-Awua
- Food Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana
| | - Amy Atter
- Food Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nina Bernice Ackah
- Food Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Mbugua
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Agnes Asagbra
- Biotechnology Department of the Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Nigeria
| | | | - Jesca Nakavuma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mogens Jakobsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Chae SJ, Yun YS, Yoo CK, Chung GT, Lee DY. First Report of SalmonellaSerotype Tilene Infection in Korea. ANNALS OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.5145/acm.2016.19.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Chae
- Division of Enteric Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Research Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Yun
- Division of Enteric Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Research Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Cheon-Kwon Yoo
- Division of Enteric Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Research Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Gyung Tae Chung
- Division of Enteric Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Research Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Deog-Yong Lee
- Division of Enteric Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Research Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
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Traoré O, Nyholm O, Siitonen A, Bonkoungou IJO, Traoré AS, Barro N, Haukka K. Prevalence and diversity of Salmonella enterica in water, fish and lettuce in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:151. [PMID: 26228572 PMCID: PMC4521495 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the prevalence, serotypes and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of Salmonella enterica in environment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A total of 476 samples, consisting of 36 samples of tap water, 51 samples of well water, 87 samples of channel water, 44 samples of reservoir water, 238 samples of fish, and 20 samples of lettuce were examined using standard bacteriological procedures for Salmonella. RESULTS Salmonella were isolated from 98 samples. Salmonella were rare in drinking water, since they were not found at all from the tap water, and only in 2 % of well water. Salmonella were more common in the water of reservoir of Tanghin (15 %), reservoir of Yamtenga (20 %), and in the water channels in the city (from 20 to 31 %). Salmonella were commonly isolated from the fish (24 %) caught from the reservoir of Tanghin and from the lettuce (50 %) irrigated with water from Tanghin. The Salmonella isolates were found to represent 50 different serotypes. The 11 most common serotypes were Salmonella Bredeney and S. Colindale (both 8.2 %), S. Muenster (6.1 %), S. Korlebu (5.1 %), S. Eastbourne and S. Poona (both 4.1 %), and S. Agona, S. Derby, S. Drac, S. Senftenberg, S. Waycross (each 3.1 %), accounting for 51.3 % of all the isolates. In general, the Salmonella strains were sensitive to the antimicrobials tested, but two strains were resistant to streptomycin and many more intermediate to streptomycin or sulphonamide. CONCLUSION This study highlights the common prevalence of Salmonella and the high diversity of Salmonella serotypes in aquatic environment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Therefore, various human activities linked to water and consumption of water-related products, such as fish and lettuce, can lead to human Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Traoré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des bactéries et virus transmis par les aliments, CRSBAN/Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, UFR SVT-Université de Ouagadougou, 03 B.P. 7021, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso.
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, 09 B.P. 24, Ouagadougou, 09, Burkina Faso.
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Outi Nyholm
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anja Siitonen
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Alfred S Traoré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des bactéries et virus transmis par les aliments, CRSBAN/Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, UFR SVT-Université de Ouagadougou, 03 B.P. 7021, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des bactéries et virus transmis par les aliments, CRSBAN/Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, UFR SVT-Université de Ouagadougou, 03 B.P. 7021, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Kaisa Haukka
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Kagambèga A, Lienemann T, Aulu L, Traoré AS, Barro N, Siitonen A, Haukka K. Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella enterica from the feces of cattle, poultry, swine and hedgehogs in Burkina Faso and their comparison to human Salmonella isolates. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:253. [PMID: 24215206 PMCID: PMC3828578 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production and wild animals are major sources of human salmonellosis and animals raised for food also play an important role in transmission of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella strains to humans. Furthermore, in sub-Saharan Africa non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes are common bloodstream isolates in febrile patients. Yet, little is known about the environmental reservoirs and predominant modes of transmission of these pathogens. The purpose of this study was to discover potential sources and distribution vehicles of Salmonella by isolating strains from apparently healthy slaughtered food animals and wild hedgehogs and by determining the genetic relatedness between the strains and human isolates. For this purpose, 729 feces samples from apparently healthy slaughtered cattle (n = 304), poultry (n = 350), swine (n = 50) and hedgehogs (n = 25) were examined for the presence of Salmonella enterica in Burkina Faso. The isolates were characterized by serotyping, antimicrobial-susceptibility testing, phage typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with XbaI and BlnI restriction enzymes. RESULTS Of the 729 feces samples, 383 (53%) contained Salmonella, representing a total of 81 different serotypes. Salmonella was present in 52% of the cattle, 55% of the poultry, 16% of the swine and 96% of the hedgehog feces samples. Antimicrobial resistance was detected in 14% of the isolates. S. Typhimurium isolates from poultry and humans (obtained from a previous study) were multiresistant to the same antimicrobials (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides and trimethoprim), had the same phage type DT 56 and were closely related in PFGE. S. Muenster isolates from hedgehogs had similar PFGE patterns as the domestic animals. CONCLUSIONS Based on our results it seems that production and wild animals can share the same Salmonella serotypes and potentially transmit some of them to humans. As the humans and animals often live in close vicinity in Africa and the hygiene control of the meat retail chain is defective, high Salmonella carriage rates of the animals can pose a major public health risk in Burkina Faso. This underlines the necessity for a joint and coordinated surveillance and monitoring programs for salmonellosis in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assèta Kagambèga
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
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Kagambèga A, Martikainen O, Siitonen A, Traoré AS, Barro N, Haukka K. Prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli virulence genes in the feces of slaughtered cattle, chickens, and pigs in Burkina Faso. Microbiologyopen 2012; 1:276-84. [PMID: 23170227 PMCID: PMC3496972 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of the virulence genes specific for five major pathogroups of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in primary cultures from feces of animals slaughtered for human consumption in Burkina Faso. For the study, 704 feces samples were collected from cattle (n = 304), chickens (n = 350), and pigs (n = 50) during carcass processing. The presence of the virulence-associated genes in the mixed bacterial cultures was assessed using 16-plex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Virulence genes indicating presence of DEC were detected in 48% of the cattle, 48% of the chicken, and 68% of the pig feces samples. Virulence genes specific for different DECs were detected in the following percentages of the cattle, chicken, and pig feces samples: Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) in 37%, 6%, and 30%; enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) in 8%, 37%, and 32%; enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) in 4%, 5%, and 18%; and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) in 7%, 6%, and 32%. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) virulence genes were detected in 1% of chicken feces samples only. The study was the first of its kind in Burkina Faso and revealed the common occurrence of the diarrheal virulence genes in feces of food animals. This indicates that food animals are reservoirs of DEC that may contaminate meat because of the defective slaughter and storage conditions and pose a health risk to the consumers in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assèta Kagambèga
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland ; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance bactéries et virus transmis par les aliments; CRSBAN, Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, UFR-SVT/Université de Ouagadougou 03 B.P. 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
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24
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Kagambèga A, Barro N, Traoré AS, Siitonen A, Haukka K. Characterization of Salmonella enterica and detection of the virulence genes specific to diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from poultry carcasses in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:589-93. [PMID: 22551070 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred chicken carcasses purchased from three markets selling poultry in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, between June 2010 and October 2010 were examined for their microbiological quality. The presence of Salmonella was investigated using standard bacteriological procedures, and the isolates obtained were serotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The presence of virulence-associated genes of the five main pathogroups of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli-Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli, and enteroinvasive E. coli-was investigated using 16-plex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the mixed bacterial cultures from the poultry samples. Of the 100 chicken carcasses studied, 57 were contaminated by Salmonella; 16 different serotypes were identified, the most frequent being Salmonella Derby, found in 28 samples. Four Salmonella strains were resistant to tetracycline, and two were resistant to streptomycin. Based on the PCR detection of the virulence genes, in total, 45 carcasses were contaminated by three pathogroups of E. coli: STEC, EPEC, or EAEC. The STEC and EPEC virulence genes were detected on six and 39 carcasses, respectively. EAEC virulence genes were only detected in combination with those of EPEC (on 11 carcasses) or STEC (on two carcasses). The STEC-positive carcasses contained the genes stx(1), stx(2), eaeA, escV, and ent in different combinations. None of the EPEC-positive carcasses contained the bfp gene, indicating that only atypical EPEC was present. EAEC virulence genes detected were aggR and/or pic. The high proportion of chicken carcasses contaminated by Salmonella and diarrheagenic E. coli indicates a potential food safety risk for consumers and highlights the necessity of public awareness of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assèta Kagambèga
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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25
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Kagambèga A, Martikainen O, Lienemann T, Siitonen A, Traoré AS, Barro N, Haukka K. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli detected by 16-plex PCR in raw meat and beef intestines sold at local markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 153:154-8. [PMID: 22130499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the prevalence of five major Escherichia coli pathogroups in raw meats and beef intestines sold at the local markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. One hundred and twenty samples (36 beef, 36 beef intestine, 24 mutton and 24 chicken samples) were purchased from four markets between October 2008 and February 2009. Fifteen virulence genes specific for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) were examined using 16-plex PCR for mixed bacterial cultures derived from the samples. One or more diarrheagenic E. coli pathogroup was detected in 51 (43%) of all the 120 samples: in 16 (44%) beef, 19 (53%) beef intestine, 9 (38%) mutton and in 7 (29%) chicken samples. Thirty three (28%) samples were positive for stx(1) and/or stx(2) indicating presence of STEC. EPEC virulence markers (eae, escV and/or ent and/or bfp and/or EHEC-hlyA) were detected in 14 (12%) stx-negative samples. ETEC virulence markers (elt and/or estIb and/or estIa) were detected in 10 (8%) samples and EAEC virulence markers (pic or aggR) in 5 (4%) samples. No EIEC was detected. The results show that in Burkina Faso the microbiological quality of retail meat is alarmingly poor due to the common occurrence of diarrheagenic E. coli bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assèta Kagambèga
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
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