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Liu S, Kilonzo-Nthenge A, Nahashon SN, Pokharel B, Mafiz AI, Nzomo M. Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Foodborne Pathogens and Indicator Bacteria from Edible Offal and Muscle Meats in Nashville, Tennessee. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091190. [PMID: 32872118 PMCID: PMC7555593 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in retail edible offal and muscle meats in Nashville, Tennessee. A total of 348 retail meats (160 edible offal and 188 muscle) were analyzed for Salmonella enterica serovar, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, and enterococci. Bacteria was identified using biochemical and PCR methods. Salmonella enterica serovar (4.4% and 4.3%), Campylobacter (1.9% and 1.1%), E. coli (79.4% and 89.4%), and enterococci (88.1% and 95.7%) was detected in offal and muscle meats, respectively. Chicken liver (9.7%) was most frequently contaminated with Salmonella enterica serovar, followed by ground chicken (6.9%) and chicken wings (4.2%). No Salmonella enterica serovar was detected in beef liver, beef tripe, and ground beef. The prevalence of Campylobacter was 6.9%, 2.3%, and 1.4% in beef liver, ground beef, and ground chicken, respectively. None of the meats were positive for E. coli O157:H7. Resistance of isolates was significantly (p < 0.05) highest in erythromycin (98.3%; 99.1%), followed by tetracycline (94%; 98.3%), vancomycin (88.8%; 92.2%) as compared to chloramphenicol (43.1%; 53.9%), amoxicillin/clavulanic (43.5%; 45.7%), and ciprofloxacin (45.7%; 55.7%) in offal and muscle meats, respectively. Imipenem showed the lowest resistance (0%; 0.9%). A total of 41 multidrug-resistant patterns were displayed. Edible offal could be a source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Liu
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (S.L.); (S.N.N.); (B.P.); (A.I.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Agnes Kilonzo-Nthenge
- Department of Human Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(615)-963-5437; Fax: +1-(615)-963-5557
| | - Samuel N. Nahashon
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (S.L.); (S.N.N.); (B.P.); (A.I.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Bharat Pokharel
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (S.L.); (S.N.N.); (B.P.); (A.I.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Abdullah Ibn Mafiz
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (S.L.); (S.N.N.); (B.P.); (A.I.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Maureen Nzomo
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (S.L.); (S.N.N.); (B.P.); (A.I.M.); (M.N.)
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Walker LJ, Wallace RL, Smith JJ, Graham T, Saputra T, Symes S, Stylianopoulos A, Polkinghorne BG, Kirk MD, Glass K. Prevalence of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni in Retail Chicken, Beef, Lamb, and Pork Products in Three Australian States. J Food Prot 2019; 82:2126-2134. [PMID: 31729918 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of Campylobacter species in a variety of fresh and frozen meat and offal products collected from retail outlets in New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (Qld), and Victoria (Vic). A total of 1,490 chicken, beef, lamb, and pork samples were collected from Australian supermarkets and butcher shops over a 2-year sampling period (October 2016 to October 2018). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 90% of chicken meat and 73% of chicken offal products (giblet and liver), with significantly lower prevalence in lamb (38%), pork (31%), and beef (14%) offal (kidney and liver). Although retail chicken meat was frequently contaminated with Campylobacter, the level of contamination was generally low. Where quantitative analysis was conducted, 98% of chicken meat samples, on average, had <10,000 CFU Campylobacter per carcass, with 10% <21 CFU per carcass. Campylobacter coli was the most frequently recovered species in chicken meat collected in NSW (53%) and Vic (56%) and in chicken offal collected in NSW (77%), Qld (59%), and Vic (58%). In beef, lamb, and pork offal, C. jejuni was generally the most common species (50 to 86%), with the exception of pork offal collected in NSW, where C. coli was more prevalent (69%). Campylobacter prevalence was significantly higher in fresh lamb (46%) and pork (31%) offal than in frozen offal (17 and 11%, respectively). For chicken, beef, and pork offal, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was significantly higher on delicatessen products compared with prepackaged products. This study demonstrated that meat and offal products are frequently contaminated with Campylobacter. However, the prevalence is markedly different in different meats, and the level of chicken meat portion contamination is generally low. By identifying the types of meat and offal products types that pose the greatest risk of Campylobacter infection to consumers, targeted control strategies can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz J Walker
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-7604 [R.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-1310 [K.G.])
| | - Rhiannon L Wallace
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-7604 [R.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-1310 [K.G.])
| | - James J Smith
- Queensland Health, Food Safety Standards and Regulation, Health Protection Branch, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Trudy Graham
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Themy Saputra
- New South Wales Food Authority, Sydney, New South Wales 2127, Australia
| | - Sally Symes
- Department of Health and Human Services, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin G Polkinghorne
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-7604 [R.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-1310 [K.G.])
| | - Martyn D Kirk
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-7604 [R.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-1310 [K.G.])
| | - Kathryn Glass
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-7604 [R.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-1310 [K.G.])
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Features of illnesses caused by five species ofCampylobacter, Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) – 2010–2015. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 146:1-10. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817002370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) conducts population-based surveillance forCampylobacterinfection. For 2010 through 2015, we compared patients withCampylobacter jejuniwith patients with infections caused by otherCampylobacterspecies.Campylobacter colipatients were more often >40 years of age (OR = 1·4), Asian (OR = 2·3), or Black (OR = 1·7), and more likely to live in an urban area (OR = 1·2), report international travel (OR = 1·5), and have infection in autumn or winter (OR = 1·2).Campylobacter upsaliensispatients were more likely female (OR = 1·6), Hispanic (OR = 1·6), have a blood isolate (OR = 2·8), and have an infection in autumn or winter (OR = 1·7).Campylobacter laripatients were more likely to be >40 years of age (OR = 2·9) and have an infection in autumn or winter (OR = 1·7).Campylobacter fetuspatients were more likely male (OR = 3·1), hospitalized (OR = 3·5), and have a blood isolate (OR = 44·1). International travel was associated with antimicrobial-resistantC. jejuni(OR = 12·5) andC. coli(OR = 12) infections. Species-level data are useful in understanding epidemiology, sources, and resistance of infections.
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Premarathne JMKJK, Anuar AS, Thung TY, Satharasinghe DA, Jambari NN, Abdul-Mutalib NA, Huat JTY, Basri DF, Rukayadi Y, Nakaguchi Y, Nishibuchi M, Radu S. Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance against Tetracycline in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in Cattle and Beef Meat from Selangor, Malaysia. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2254. [PMID: 29255448 PMCID: PMC5722848 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen frequently associated with human bacterial gastroenteritis in the world. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter spp. in the beef food system in Malaysia. A total of 340 samples consisting of cattle feces (n = 100), beef (n = 120) from wet markets and beef (n = 120) from hypermarkets were analyzed for Campylobacter spp. The overall prevalence of Campylobacter was 17.4%, consisting of 33% in cattle fecal samples, 14.2% in raw beef from wet market and 7.5% in raw beef from the hypermarket. The multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified 55% of the strains as C. jejuni, 26% as C. coli, and 19% as other Campylobacter spp. A high percentage of Campylobacter spp. were resistant to tetracycline (76.9%) and ampicillin (69.2%), whilst low resistance was exhibited to chloramphenicol (7.6%). The MAR Index of Campylobacter isolates from this study ranged from 0.09 to 0.73. The present study indicates the potential public health risk associated with the beef food system, hence stringent surveillance, regulatory measures, and appropriate interventions are required to minimize Campylobacter contamination and prudent antibiotic usage that can ensure consumer safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasekara M. K. J. K. Premarathne
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Food Safety Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
- Department of Livestock and Avian Science, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya, Sri Lanka
| | - Aimi S. Anuar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Food Safety Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Tze Young Thung
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Food Safety Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Dilan A. Satharasinghe
- Institute of Bio Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Nuzul Noorahya Jambari
- Food Safety Research Center (FOSREC), Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Noor-Azira Abdul-Mutalib
- Food Safety Research Center (FOSREC), Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - John Tang Yew Huat
- Faculty of Food Technology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Dayang F. Basri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yaya Rukayadi
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Food Safety Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Son Radu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Food Safety Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
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Van TTH, Gor MC, Anwar A, Scott PC, Moore RJ. Campylobacter hepaticus, the cause of spotty liver disease in chickens, is present throughout the small intestine and caeca of infected birds. Vet Microbiol 2017; 207:226-230. [PMID: 28757028 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spotty liver disease (SLD) causes significant egg production losses and mortality in chickens and is therefore a disease of concern for some sectors of the poultry industry. Although the first reports of the disease came from the United States in the 1950s it is only recently that the organism that causes the disease was identified, isolated, and characterised as a new bacterial species, Campylobacter hepaticus. The first isolations of C. hepaticus were from the livers and bile of SLD affected birds. Isolates could only be recovered from samples that had a monoculture of C. hepaticus in the tissues, as a selective culturing method has not yet been developed. In non-selective growth conditions the slow growing C. hepaticus is quickly outgrown by many other members of the chicken microbiota. Therefore, it is currently not possible to use a culturing approach to evaluate C. hepaticus carriage in tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), that also carry complex microbial populations. As it is suspected that birds become infected via the faecal-oral route it is important that pathogen carriage in the GIT is investigated. In the present study, a specific and sensitive quantitative real-time PCR assay, based on the glycerol kinase gene of C. hepaticus, was developed. The assay facilitated the detection and quantification of C. hepaticus in tissue samples from clinical cases of SLD. It was shown that in infected birds C. hepaticus colonises the small intestine, increasing in abundance from duodenum to ileum, and is at highest levels within the ceaca. C. hepaticus was also readily detected in cloacal swabs, indicating that thecl-oral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Mian-Chee Gor
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Arif Anwar
- Scolexia Pty. Ltd., Moonee Ponds, Victoria 3039, Australia
| | - Peter C Scott
- Scolexia Pty. Ltd., Moonee Ponds, Victoria 3039, Australia; Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Robert J Moore
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
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Ristori CA, Rowlands REG, Martins CG, Barbosa ML, Dos Santos LF, Jakabi M, de Melo Franco BDG. Assessment of Consumer Exposure to Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Meat Products at Retail in the City of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:447-453. [PMID: 28475359 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat products may be vehicles of bacterial pathogens to humans, and Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are the most relevant. The aim of this study was to generate data on prevalence of these three pathogens in 552 samples of meat products (hot dogs, pork sausages, raw ground beef, and raw chicken legs) sold at retail in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Salmonella spp. was detected in 5.8% (32/552) of samples, comprising pork sausages 62.5% (20/32) and chicken legs 37.5% (12/32). The counts of Salmonella spp. were low, ranging from < 0.3 to 9.3 × 10 most probable number per gram and the most frequent serovars were Salmonella Typhimurium (28.1%), Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- (15.6%), Salmonella Enteritidis (12.5%), Salmonella Derby, and Salmonella Brandenburg (9.4%). Campylobacter spp. was detected in 33 samples (6.0%), comprising chicken legs (82%) and ground beef (18%). All samples were negative for STEC. These results suggest that meat products when subjected to inadequate cooking and/or cross-contamination with other products ready for consumption can lead to occurrence of outbreaks, highlighting the risks associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Luisa Barbosa
- 1 Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food Center Adolfo Lutz Institute , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Miyoko Jakabi
- 1 Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food Center Adolfo Lutz Institute , Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Narvaez-Bravo C, Taboada EN, Mutschall SK, Aslam M. Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter spp. isolated from retail meats in Canada. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 253:43-47. [PMID: 28477522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is an important zoonotic pathogen found in livestock and can cause illness in humans following consumption of raw and undercooked meat products. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in retail meat (poultry, turkey, pork and beef) purchased in Alberta, Canada and to assess antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness of recovered Campylobacter strains with previously isolated strains from clinical and environmental sources. A Comparative Genomic Fingerprinting (CGF) method was used for assessing genetic relatedness of isolates. A total of 606 samples comprising 204, 110, 145 and 147 samples of retail chicken, turkey, ground beef and pork, respectively, were obtained. Campylobacter was isolated from 23.5% (48/204) of chicken samples and 14.2% (8/110) of turkey samples. Pork and beef samples were negative for Campylobacter. Campylobacter jejuni was the most common (94.6%) spp. found followed by C. coli (5.4%). Resistance to tetracycline was found in 48.1% of isolates, followed by resistance to ciprofloxacin (5.5%), nalidixic acid (5.5%), azithromycin (1.78%), and erythromycin (1.78%). All isolates were susceptible to clindamycin, florfenicol, gentamicin and telithromycin. Tetracycline resistance was attributable to the presence of the tetO gene. CGF analysis showed that Campylobacter isolated from poultry meat in this study were genetically related to clinical isolates recovered from human infections and to those isolated from animals and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mueen Aslam
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada.
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Olkkola S, Kovanen S, Roine J, Hänninen ML, Hielm-Björkman A, Kivistö R. Population Genetics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Canine Campylobacter Isolates Collected before and after a Raw Feeding Experiment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132660. [PMID: 26172151 PMCID: PMC4501809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing numbers of consumers have become interested in feeding raw food for their pet dogs as opposed to commercial dry food, in the belief of health advantages. However, raw meat and internal organs, possibly contaminated by pathogens such as Campylobacter spp., may pose a risk of transmission of zoonoses to the pet owners. Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans but C. upsaliensis has also been associated with human disease. In this study we investigated the effect of different feeding strategies on the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in Finnish dogs. We further characterized the isolates using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), whole-genome (wg) MLST and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Dogs were sampled before and after a feeding period consisting of commercial raw feed or dry pellet feed. Altogether 56% (20/36) of the dogs yielded at least one Campylobacter-positive fecal sample. C. upsaliensis was the major species detected from 39% of the dogs before and 30% after the feeding period. Two C. jejuni isolates were recovered, both from raw-fed dogs after the dietary regimen. The isolates represented the same genotype (ST-1326), suggesting a common infection source. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between the feeding strategies and Campylobacter spp. carriage. The global genealogy of MLST types of dog and human C. upsaliensis isolates revealed weakly clonal population structure as most STs were widely dispersed. Major antimicrobial resistance among C. upsaliensis isolates was against streptomycin (STR MIC > 4 mg/l). Apart from that, all isolates were highly susceptible against the antimicrobials tested. Mutations were found in the genes rpsL or rpsL and rsmG in streptomycin resistant isolates. In conclusion, increasing trend to feed dogs with raw meat warrants more studies to evaluate the risk associated with raw feeding of pets in transmission of zoonoses to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Olkkola
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Kovanen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Roine
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Hänninen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Hielm-Björkman
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rauni Kivistö
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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