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Ristori CA, Rowlands REG, Martins CG, Barbosa ML, Dos Santos LF, Jakabi M, de Melo Franco BDG. Assessment of Consumer Exposure to Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Meat Products at Retail in the City of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:447-453. [PMID: 28475359 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat products may be vehicles of bacterial pathogens to humans, and Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are the most relevant. The aim of this study was to generate data on prevalence of these three pathogens in 552 samples of meat products (hot dogs, pork sausages, raw ground beef, and raw chicken legs) sold at retail in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Salmonella spp. was detected in 5.8% (32/552) of samples, comprising pork sausages 62.5% (20/32) and chicken legs 37.5% (12/32). The counts of Salmonella spp. were low, ranging from < 0.3 to 9.3 × 10 most probable number per gram and the most frequent serovars were Salmonella Typhimurium (28.1%), Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- (15.6%), Salmonella Enteritidis (12.5%), Salmonella Derby, and Salmonella Brandenburg (9.4%). Campylobacter spp. was detected in 33 samples (6.0%), comprising chicken legs (82%) and ground beef (18%). All samples were negative for STEC. These results suggest that meat products when subjected to inadequate cooking and/or cross-contamination with other products ready for consumption can lead to occurrence of outbreaks, highlighting the risks associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Luisa Barbosa
- 1 Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food Center Adolfo Lutz Institute , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Miyoko Jakabi
- 1 Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food Center Adolfo Lutz Institute , Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Rowlands REG, Ristori CA, Ikuno AA, Barbosa ML, Jakabi M, Franco BDGDM. Prevalence of drug resistance and virulence features in Salmonella spp. isolated from foods associated or not with salmonellosis in Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2015; 56:461-7. [PMID: 25351537 PMCID: PMC4296863 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000600001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is the most common etiological agent of cases and outbreaks of foodborne diarrheal illnesses. The emergence and spread of Salmonella spp., which has become multi-drug resistant and potentially more pathogenic, have increased the concern with this pathogen. In this study, 237 Salmonella spp., associated or not with foodborne salmonellosis in Brazil, belonging mainly to serotype Enteritidis, were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of the virulence genes spvC, invA, sefA and pefA. Of the isolates, 46.8% were sensitive to all antimicrobials and 51.9% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Resistance to more than one antimicrobial agent was observed in 10.5% of the strains. The highest rates of resistance were observed for streptomycin (35.9%) and nalidixic acid (16.9%). No strain was resistant to cefoxitin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem. The invA gene was detected in all strains. Genes spvC and pefA were found in 48.1% and 44.3% of strains, respectively. The gene sefA was detected in 31.6% of the strains and only among S. Enteritidis. Resistance and virulence determinants were detected in Salmonella strains belonging to several serotypes. The high rates of antibiotic-resistance in strains isolated from poultry products demonstrate the potential risk associated with the consumption of these products and the need to ensure good food hygiene practices from farm to table to reduce the spread of pathogens relevant to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice A Ikuno
- Immunology Laboratory, Biologico Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Miyoko Jakabi
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rowlands REG, Ristori CA, Lopes GISL, Paula AMRD, Sakuma H, Grigaliunas R, Lopreato Filho R, Gelli DS, Eduardo MBDP, Jakabi M. Botulism in Brazil, 2000-2008: epidemiology, clinical findings and laboratorial diagnosis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2011; 52:183-6. [PMID: 21748224 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652010000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulism is a rare and potentially lethal illness caused by Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin. We describe the findings of a laboratorial investigation of 117 suspected cases of botulism reported to the surveillance system in Brazil from January 2000 to October 2008. Data on the number and type of samples analyzed, type of toxins identified, reporting of the number of botulism cases and transmission sources are discussed. A total of 193 clinical samples and 81 food samples were analyzed for detection and identification of the botulism neurotoxin. Among the clinical samples, 22 (11.4%) presented the toxin (nine type A, five type AB and eight with an unidentified type); in food samples, eight (9.9%) were positive for the toxin (five type A, one type AB and two with an unidentified type). Of the 38 cases of suspected botulism in Brazil, 27 were confirmed by a mouse bioassay. Laboratorial botulism diagnosis is an important procedure to elucidate cases, especially food-borne botulism, to confirm clinical diagnosis and to identify toxins in food, helping sanitary control measures.
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Bordini MEB, Asturiano Ristori C, Jakabi M, Gelli DS. Incidence, internalization and behavior of Salmonella in mangoes, var. Tommy Atkins. Food Control 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jakabi M, Gelli DS, Torre JCMD, Rodas MAB, Franco BDGM, Destro MT, Landgrafi M. Inactivation by ionizing radiation of Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella infantis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters (Crassostrea brasiliana). J Food Prot 2003; 66:1025-9. [PMID: 12801004 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-66.6.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation is considered one of the most efficient technological processes for the reduction of microorganisms in food. It can be used to improve the safety of food products, and to extend their shelf lives. Oysters are considered one of the most important vehicles for pathogenic bacteria because of their feeding characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a gamma radiation process on high levels of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Infantis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus incorporated by oysters (Crassostrea brasiliana), as well as the effects of the process on the survival of the oysters and on their sensory attributes. The oysters were exposed to gamma radiation (60Co) in doses ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 kGy. A dose of 3.0 kGy was generally sufficient to reduce the level of Salmonella serotypes by 5 to 6 log10 units. A dose of 1.0 kGy was sufficient to produce a 6-log10 reduction in the level of V. parahaemolyticus. The highest irradiation dose did not kill the oysters or affect their sensory attributes. Hence, a dose of 3.0 kGy can be considered effective in inactivating Salmonella and V. parahaemolyticus in oysters without changing their odor, flavor, or appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoko Jakabi
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 14, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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Gelli DS, Jakabi M, Souza AD. Botulism: a laboratory investigation on biological and food samples from cases and outbreaks in Brazil (1982-2001). Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2002; 44:321-4. [PMID: 12532215 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652002000600005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory investigation of botulism from 1982 to 2001 confirmed the occurrence of eight positive outbreaks/cases of botulism in Brazil. From those, type A botulism was observed in seven of them. Biological material of one case (serum and feces) was positive in the first step of the bioassay, but the amount of sample was not sufficient for typification. One of the outbreaks that occurred in 2001 was negative for botulinum toxin in samples of serum, gastric washing and feces, collected eight days before the onset of the symptoms in the affected person who was clinically diagnosed as presenting the disease. Other two cases presenting compatible clinical diagnoses presented negative results. However, in those cases, the collection of samples was (1) after antiserum administration or (2) later than eight days of the onset of symptoms. Investigation was performed by mouse bioassay, as described in the Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods (compiled by American Public Health Association--APHA)11, using specific antiserum from Centers for Disease Control (CDC), USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilma Scala Gelli
- Food Microbiology Section, Central Laboratory, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effect of ionizing irradiation by 60Co on Vibrio cholerae O1, El-Tor, Ogawa, non-toxigenic, incorporated in live oysters Crassostrea brasiliana. METHODS Samples of oysters were selected from Cananéia town in the South coast of S. Paulo state, Brazil, contaminated with Vibrio cholerae and irradiated with 60Co at 0.5 and 1.0 kGy dosages. RESULTS Showed significant reductions of the initial number of V. cholerae, ranging from 3.4 x10(7) to 10(3) and 10(2), respectively. The D10 values related with the respective doses of irradiation were 0.173 and 0.235. CONCLUSION Considering a 6 value as safety factor, it is concluded that 1.41 kGy irradiation dosage is necessary to eliminate a high number of V. cholerae viable cells in oysters. Controls were used in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R de Moraes
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Franco BD, Gomes TA, Jakabi M, Marques LR. Use of probes to detect virulence factor DNA sequences in Escherichia coli strains isolated from foods. Int J Food Microbiol 1991; 12:333-8. [PMID: 1677256 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1605(91)90147-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli strains were isolated from 96 food samples (32 milks, 4 dairy products, 36 raw meats, 7 meat products, 7 sandwiches and 10 ready-to-eat meals). A total of 306 colonies was submitted to hybridization assays with DNA probes for the following virulence factors: heat-labile toxins (LT-I and LT-II), heat-stable toxins (ST-h and ST-p). Shiga-like toxins (SLT-I and SLT-II), adherence factor of enteropathogenic E. coli (EAF) and invasive factor (INV). Six colonies isolated from 4 food samples hybridized with the probes for LT-II (3 colonies isolated from a milk sample), SLT-I and SLT-II (1 colony isolated from raw bovine meat) or EAF (2 colonies isolated from two raw chicken meat samples).
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Franco
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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