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Kim J, Ndegwa E. One Health Landscape of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Isolated from Virginia between 2007-2021. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:504. [PMID: 38927171 PMCID: PMC11201128 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria has become a critical global One Health issue, mainly attributed to the extensive use of antimicrobial agents in human and agricultural settings. Regional and local AMR surveillance data is essential for implementing awareness and mitigation strategies. This article assesses AMR frequency in 1604 bacterial isolates consisting of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp. isolated from diverse sources in Virginia, including farm animals, wildlife, environment, and food samples from 2007 to 2021. The results are based on the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assessment method of susceptibility to select antimicrobial agents, spanning nine distinct categories approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. Streptomycin (STR) and tetracycline (TCY) exhibited the highest frequency of resistance in E. coli (39.1%) and Salmonella (25.2%), respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was evident in 6.6% of E. coli and 10.9% of Salmonella isolates. Notably, 51% of E. coli and 36% of Salmonella isolates demonstrated resistance to more than one antimicrobial. None of the tested antimicrobials guaranteed effectiveness against the bacteria isolated from the surveyed sources and regions. The study found heightened MDR and distinct AMR patterns in bacteria isolated from food products compared to other sampled sources. These findings are vital for comprehending the current AMR landscape, prompting the development of strategies to mitigate the emergence of AMR bacteria, and advocating prudent antimicrobial use from a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Kim
- Columbia College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Eunice Ndegwa
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, 1 Hayden Drive, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
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Datta S, Ishikawa M, Chudhakorn S, Charaslertrangsi T. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Characteristics of Escherichia coli in Selected Vegetables and Herbs in Bangkok, Thailand. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100229. [PMID: 38246524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Raw vegetables and herbs are exposure sources of foodborne pathogens. This study examined the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in five types of fresh vegetables and herbs: spearmint (Mentha spicata), leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Produce samples (n = 300) were acquired from local open markets and supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand. Each produce sample was preenriched in buffered peptone water and then enriched in E. coli broth. A loopful of the second enrichment was transferred onto selective media for subsequent confirmation and biochemical tests. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test was employed to assess E. coli susceptibility to selected antibiotics (twelve antibiotics of seven classes). The latex agglutination test was performed to serotype the isolates for O157 and H7 antigens. A commercial test kit was used to determine the presence of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). For all samples, the prevalence of E. coli was found to be 32.0% (96/300), whereby produce from supermarkets had a higher prevalence than those from local markets at 40.7% (61/150) and 23.3% (35/150), respectively. Among different types of produce, leaf lettuce had the highest E. coli prevalence at 36.7% (22/60), followed by cucumber and spearmint, coriander, and Chinese cabbage, at 35.0% (21/60), 35.0% (21/60), 35.0% (21/60), and 18.3% (11/60), respectively. Of the positive isolates, 27.1% (26/96) showed multidrug resistance. All isolates (100%) showed resistance to penicillin but varying resistant characteristics for tetracycline, ampicillin, and amoxicillin, with resistance rates of 31.3% (30/96), 31.3% (30/96), and 31.3% (30/96), respectively. Two of the 96 isolates (1.1%) were positive for the O157 antigen but negative for the H7 antigen. No STEC was observed. This study established baseline information regarding the prevalence of E. coli and its antimicrobial resistance profile in produce in Bangkok, Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopanant Datta
- Undergraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Mahidol University International College, Phuttamonthon 4 Rd, Salaya Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Marisa Ishikawa
- Undergraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Mahidol University International College, Phuttamonthon 4 Rd, Salaya Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Siriyakorn Chudhakorn
- Undergraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Mahidol University International College, Phuttamonthon 4 Rd, Salaya Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Tumnoon Charaslertrangsi
- Biological Sciences Program, Science Division, Mahidol University International College, Phuttamonthon 4 Rd, Salaya Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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Amarasekara NR, Swamy AS, Paudel SK, Jiang W, Li K, Shen C, Zhang Y. Hypervirulent clonal complex (CC) of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh produce from urban communities. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1307610. [PMID: 38348192 PMCID: PMC10859469 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1307610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to determine the prevalence and virulome of Listeria in fresh produce distributed in urban communities. Methods A total of 432 fresh produce samples were collected from farmer's markets in Michigan and West Virginia, USA, resulting in 109 pooled samples. Listeria spp. were isolated and L. monocytogenes was subjected to genoserogrouping by PCR and genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and core-genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) were conducted for clonal identification. Results Forty-eight of 109 samples (44.0%) were contaminated with Listeria spp. L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a and 4b were recovered from radishes, potatoes, and romaine lettuce. Four clonal complexes (CC) were identified and included hypervirulent CC1 (ST1) and CC4 (ST219) of lineage I as well as CC7 (ST7) and CC11 (ST451) of lineage II. Clones CC4 and CC7 were present in the same romaine lettuce sample. CC1 carried Listeria pathogenicity island LIPI-1 and LIPI-3 whereas CC4 contained LIPI-1, LIPI-3, and LIPI-4. CC7 and CC11 had LIPI-1 only. Discussion Due to previous implication in outbreaks, L. monocytogenes hypervirulent clones in fresh produce pose a public health concern in urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amrita Subramanya Swamy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sumit Kumar Paudel
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Davis College, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - KaWang Li
- Davis College, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Cangliang Shen
- Davis College, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Blanco-Lizarazo CM, Sierra-Cadavid A. Prevalence of Escherichia coli generic and pathogenic in pork meat: systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:247. [PMID: 37428340 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to analyze scientific information regarding the prevalence of generic and pathogenic E. coli in the production and supply chain of pork meat, considering different types of samples, places of sampling, and pathotypes using a systematic review and meta-analysis tools. The meta-analysis for the prevalence of generic and pathogenic E. coli was conducted by estimating the effects within subgroups. Data subsets were analyzed using the DerSimonian-Laird method for binary random effects. The average prevalence of generic E. coli in different types of pork meat samples was determined to be 35.6% (95% CI 19.3-51.8), with no significant differences observed between pork meat and carcasses. Conversely, the average prevalence of E. coli pathotypes in samples related to the supply chain of pork meat was found to be 4.7% (95% CI 3.7-5.7). In conclusion, these findings suggest the possibility of establishing an objective threshold for E. coli prevalence as a benchmark for comparison within the meat industry. By utilizing this data, it becomes possible to propose a standardized limit that can serve as a reference point for evaluating and improving processes in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla María Blanco-Lizarazo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Cárnico CI+D, Industria de Alimentos Zenú, Carrera 64 C # 104-03, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Andrea Sierra-Cadavid
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Cárnico CI+D, Industria de Alimentos Zenú, Carrera 64 C # 104-03, Medellín, Colombia
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Antimicrobial Resistant Pathogens Detected in Raw Pork and Poultry Meat in Retailing Outlets in Kenya. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030613. [PMID: 36978480 PMCID: PMC10044985 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing proof of bacterial resistance to antibiotics all over the world, and this puts the effectiveness of antimicrobials that have been essential in decreasing disease mortality and morbidity at stake. The WHO has labeled some classes of antimicrobials as vitally important to human health. Bacteria from animals are thought to be reservoirs of resistance genes that can be transferred to humans through the food chain. This study aimed to identify the resistance patterns of bacteria from pork and poultry meat samples purchased from leading retail outlets in Kenya. Of the 393 samples collected, 98.4% of pork and 96.6% of poultry were contaminated with high levels of bacteria. Among the 611 bacterial isolates recovered, 38.5% were multi-drug resistant. This resistance was noted for critically essential antimicrobials (according to the WHO) such as rifampicin (96%), ampicillin (35%), cefotaxime (9%), cefepime (6%), and ciprofloxacin (6%). Moreover, there was high resistance to key antimicrobials for veterinary medicine such as tetracycline (39%), sulfamethoxazole (33%), and trimethoprim (30%). It is essential to spread awareness about the judicious use of antibiotics and take preventive measures to reduce disease burden.
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Microbiological analysis and characterization of Salmonella and ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered from retail fresh vegetables in Shaanxi Province, China. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 387:110053. [PMID: 36521241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fresh vegetables are closely associated with foodborne disease outbreaks; however, systematic analysis of the microbiological quality of fresh vegetables and molecular information on foodborne pathogens in fresh produce are poorly reported in China. Here, we evaluated the epidemiological prevalence of coliforms via the most probable number method and characterized Salmonella and ciprofloxacin-resistant (CIPR) Escherichia coli isolates recovered from retail fresh vegetables in Shaanxi Province, China. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, serotype determination, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), antibiotic resistance encoding gene (ARG) annotation, virulence factor prediction, and functional classification were performed. Between October 2020 and September 2021, 576 samples (i.e., tomatoes, lettuces, spinaches, and cabbages) were found to be positive for coliforms, and the prevalence of coliforms showed a seasonal trend. Coliform counts of vegetables in supermarkets in Xi'an were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that in other cities. The detection rates of Salmonella and CIPRE. coli-positive vegetables were 1 % (6/576) and 0.7 % (4/576), respectively. All isolates exhibited resistance to ≥1 antibiotics, and 92.9 % (13/14) were multidrug-resistant. One extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing CIPRE. coli isolate in spinach was resistant to not only three third-generation cephalosporins but also to two polymyxins. Among nine Salmonella isolates, five different serovars (S. Enteritidis, S. Indiana, monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium, S. Agona, and S. Gallinarum), four sequence types (STs; ST11, ST13, ST17, and ST34), and seven core genome STs (cgSTs) were identified. Five CIPRE. coli strains were assigned to three serovars (O101:H4, O8:H18, and O11:H25), three STs (ST44, ST48, and ST457), and four cgSTs. Coexisting amino acid mutations of Thr57Ser/Ser80Arg in ParC and Ser83Phe/Asp87Gly in GyrA in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) might be causes for nalidixic acid resistance. Eight definite virulence profiles in eight serovars were identified. Notably, cdtB and pltA only encoded typhoid toxins and were just detected from S. Typhoid isolates were also detected from S. Indiana and monophasic S. Typhimurium, which are closely associated with swine food chain were first detected in fresh vegetables. In conclusion, our findings suggest that coliform contamination on fresh vegetables is prevalent in this province. Most Salmonella and CIPRE. coli isolates were phenotypically and genetically diverse and could resist multiple antibiotics by carrying multiple ARGs and virulence genes.
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Accelerating the Detection of Bacteria in Food Using Artificial Intelligence and Optical Imaging. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0182822. [PMID: 36533914 PMCID: PMC9888199 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01828-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In assessing food microbial safety, the presence of Escherichia coli is a critical indicator of fecal contamination. However, conventional detection methods require the isolation of bacterial macrocolonies for biochemical or genetic characterization, which takes a few days and is labor-intensive. In this study, we show that the real-time object detection and classification algorithm You Only Look Once version 4 (YOLOv4) can accurately identify the presence of E. coli at the microcolony stage after a 3-h cultivation. Integrating with phase-contrast microscopic imaging, YOLOv4 discriminated E. coli from seven other common foodborne bacterial species with an average precision of 94%. This approach also enabled the rapid quantification of E. coli concentrations over 3 orders of magnitude with an R2 of 0.995. For romaine lettuce spiked with E. coli (10 to 103 CFU/g), the trained YOLOv4 detector had a false-negative rate of less than 10%. This approach accelerates analysis and avoids manual result determination, which has the potential to be applied as a rapid and user-friendly bacterial sensing approach in food industries. IMPORTANCE A simple, cost-effective, and rapid method is desired to identify potential pathogen contamination in food products and thus prevent foodborne illnesses and outbreaks. This study combined artificial intelligence (AI) and optical imaging to detect bacteria at the microcolony stage within 3 h of inoculation. This approach eliminates the need for time-consuming culture-based colony isolation and resource-intensive molecular approaches for bacterial identification. The approach developed in this study is broadly applicable for the identification of diverse bacterial species. In addition, this approach can be implemented in resource-limited areas, as it does not require expensive instruments and significantly trained human resources. This AI-assisted detection not only achieves high accuracy in bacterial classification but also provides the potential for automated bacterial detection, reducing labor workloads in food industries, environmental monitoring, and clinical settings.
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Seo DW, Yum SJ, Lee HR, Kim SM, Jeong HG. Microbiota Analysis and Microbiological Hazard Assessment in Chinese Chive ( Allium tuberosum Rottler) Depending on Retail Types. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:195-204. [PMID: 34949749 PMCID: PMC9628847 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2112.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler) has potential risks associated with pathogenic bacterial contamination as it is usually consumed raw. In this study, we investigated the microbiota of Chinese chives purchased from traditional markets and grocery stores in March (Spring) and June (Summer) 2017. Differences in bacterial diversity were observed, and the microbial composition varied across sampling times and sites. In June, potential pathogenic genera, such as Escherichia, Enterobacter, and Pantoea, accounted for a high proportion of the microbiota in samples purchased from the traditional market. A large number of pathogenic bacteria (Acinetobacter lwoffii, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Serratia marcescens) were detected in the June samples at a relatively high rate. In addition, the influence of the washing treatment on Chinese chive microbiota was analyzed. After storage at 26°C, the washing treatment accelerated the growth of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) because it caused dynamic shifts in Chinese chive indigenous microbiota. These results expand our knowledge of the microbiota in Chinese chives and provide data for the prediction and prevention of food-borne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-jin Yum
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Heoun Reoul Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gon Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-42-821-6726 E-mail:
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Sacher-Pirklbauer A, Klein-Jöbstl D, Sofka D, Blanc-Potard AB, Hilbert F. Phylogenetic Groups and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli from Different Meat Species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121543. [PMID: 34943755 PMCID: PMC8698590 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli isolated from meat of different animal species may harbour antimicrobial resistance genes and may thus be a threat to human health. The objectives of this study were to define antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from pork, beef, chicken- and turkey meat and analyse whether their resistance genotypes associated with phylogenetic groups or meat species. A total number of 313 E. coli samples were isolated using standard cultural techniques. In 98% of resistant isolates, a dedicated resistance gene could be identified by PCR. Resistance genes detected were tet(A) and tet(B) for tetracycline resistance, strA and aadA1 for streptomycin resistance, sulI and sulII for resistance against sulphonamides, dfr and aphA for kanamycin resistance and blaTEM for ampicillin resistance. One stx1 harbouring E. coli isolated from pork harboured the tet(A) gene and belonged to phylogenetic group B2, whilst another stx1 positive isolate from beef was multi-resistant and tested positive for blaTEM,aphA, strA–B, sulII, and tet(A) and belonged to phylogenetic group A. In conclusion, the distribution of resistance elements was almost identical and statistically indifferent in isolates of different meat species. Phylogenetic groups did not associate with the distribution of resistance genes and a rather low number of diverse resistance genes were detected. Most E. coli populations with different resistance genes against one drug often revealed statistically significant different MIC values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Sacher-Pirklbauer
- Institute of Food Safety, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.-P.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniela Klein-Jöbstl
- Section of Herd Management, Clinic for Ruminats, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Dmitrij Sofka
- Institute of Food Safety, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.-P.); (D.S.)
| | - Anne-Béatrice Blanc-Potard
- Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions (LPHI), Université Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France;
- CNRS, UMR 5235, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Friederike Hilbert
- Institute of Food Safety, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.-P.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-125-0773-316
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Kim C, Fatani A, Almuqati R, Rahemi A, Abujamous A, Wynn C, Nartea T, Ndegwa E, Rutto L, Dhakal R. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens in value‐added commodities procured from farmers' markets in Central Virginia. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chyer Kim
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Abeer Fatani
- Department of Biology Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Rehab Almuqati
- Department of Biology Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Alireza Rahemi
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Abeer Abujamous
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Crystal Wynn
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Theresa Nartea
- Cooperative Extension Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Eunice Ndegwa
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Laban Rutto
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Ramesh Dhakal
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
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Macieira A, Barbosa J, Teixeira P. Food Safety in Local Farming of Fruits and Vegetables. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189733. [PMID: 34574658 PMCID: PMC8469988 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The world’s population will be around 9 billion people by 2050. Humans need to feed in order to survive and thus the high demographic growth may impact the sustainability of our food systems. Sustainable food production practices such as local farming have been explored. Consumption of vegetables and fruits has been increasing due to their health benefits, but this increase is also related to a significant number of foodborne outbreaks. Foodborne outbreaks pose a threat to public health and the economy on a local and national scale. Food safety begins on the farm and proceeds over the supply chain. Thus, to provide safe products, food producers must follow specific procedures to avoid food hazards along the supply chain. This work aimed to present the importance of food safety in vegetables and fruits in local farming, as this form of production and consumption has increased in several countries of the northern hemisphere and as these are considered a form of providing more sustainable food products.
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Leão C, Clemente L, Moura L, Seyfarth AM, Hansen IM, Hendriksen RS, Amaro A. Emergence and Clonal Spread of CTX-M-65-Producing Escherichia coli From Retail Meat in Portugal. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:653595. [PMID: 34354678 PMCID: PMC8329498 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.653595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and dissemination of resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins among Enterobacteriaceae from different sources impose a global public health threat. Here, we characterized by whole-genome sequencing four Escherichia coli strains harboring the blaCTX–M–65 gene identified among 49 isolates from beef and pork collected at retail. The genomic content was determined using the Center for Genomic Epidemiology web tools. Additionally, the prediction and reconstruction of plasmids were conducted, the genetic platform of the blaCTX–M–65 genes was investigated, and phylogenetic analysis was carried out using 17 other genomes with the same sequence type and harboring the blaCTX–M–65 gene. All strains harbored blaCTX–M–65, blaOXA–1, and blaTEM–1B, and one also carried the blaSHV–12 gene. Other resistance genes, namely, qnrS2, aac(6′)-Ib-c, dfrA14, sul2, tetA, and mphA, were present in all the genomes; the mcr-1.1 gene was identified in the colistin-resistant strains. They belong to sequence type 2179, phylogenetic group B1, and serotype O9:H9 and carried plasmids IncI, IncFIC(FII), and IncFIB. All strains share an identical genetic environment with IS903 and ISEcp1 flanking the blaCTX–M–65 gene. It seems likely that the blaCTX–M–65 gene is located in the chromosome in all isolates based on deep in silico analysis. Our findings showed that the strains are clonally related and belong to two sub-lineages. This study reports the emergence of CTX-M-65-producing E. coli in Portugal in food products of animal origin. The chromosomal location of the blaCTX–M–65 gene may ensure a stable spread of resistance in the absence of selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Leão
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal.,MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Évora, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Clemente
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal.,Faculty of Veterinary Science, CIISA- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Moura
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anne Mette Seyfarth
- EURL-AR, European Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Food Institute, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Inge M Hansen
- EURL-AR, European Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Food Institute, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rene S Hendriksen
- EURL-AR, European Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Food Institute, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ana Amaro
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal
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A Systematic Review of Listeria Species and Listeria monocytogenes Prevalence, Persistence, and Diversity throughout the Fresh Produce Supply Chain. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061427. [PMID: 34202947 PMCID: PMC8234284 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an increasing food safety concern throughout the produce supply chain as it has been linked to produce associated outbreaks and recalls. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic literature review to investigate Listeria species and L. monocytogenes prevalence, persistence, and diversity at each stage along the supply chain. This review identified 64 articles of 4863 candidate articles obtained from four Boolean search queries in six databases. Included studies examined naturally detected/isolated Listeria species and L. monocytogenes in fresh produce-related environments, and/or from past fresh produce associated outbreaks or from produce directly. Listeria species and L. monocytogenes were detected in each stage of the fresh produce supply chain. The greatest prevalence of Listeria species was observed in natural environments and outdoor production, with prevalence generally decreasing with each progression of the supply chain (e.g., packinghouse to distribution to retail). L. monocytogenes prevalence ranged from 61.1% to not detected (0.00%) across the entire supply chain for included studies. Listeria persistence and diversity were also investigated more in natural, production, and processing environments, compared to other supply chain environments (e.g., retail). Data gaps were identified for future produce safety research, for example, in the transportation and distribution center environment.
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14
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Glaize A, Young M, Harden L, Gutierrez-Rodriguez E, Thakur S. The effect of vegetation barriers at reducing the transmission of Salmonella and Escherichia coli from animal operations to fresh produce. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 347:109196. [PMID: 33906045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the recent outbreaks of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in fresh produce in the United States, the transfer of foodborne pathogens between animal feeding operations and fresh produce continues to be a considerable risk. The purpose of this study was to determine if the establishment of a vegetation barrier (VB) on small-scale sustainable farms could prevent the transmission of Salmonella and E. coli to nearby fresh produce fields. A 5-layer VB (31 × 49 m) was constructed between a dairy farm, a poultry farm, and a nearby produce field. Fresh produce (i.e., romaine lettuce and tomato), animal feces, and environmental (i.e., air, soil, and barrier) samples were collected for 15 months from 2018 to 2019. Four replicates of soil and fresh produce samples were taken from three plots located 10 m, 61 m, and 122 m away from the respective animal locations and processed for Salmonella and E. coli. Air and vegetative strip samples were sampled at 15-day intervals. Multiple colonies were processed from each positive sample, and a total of 143 positive Salmonella (n = 15) and E. coli (n = 128) isolates were retrieved from the soil, produce, air, and fecal samples. Interestingly, 18.2% of the Salmonella and E. coli isolates (n = 26) were recovered from fresh produce (n = 9) samples. Surprisingly, Salmonella isolates (n = 9) were only found in fecal (n = 3) samples collected from the dairy pasture. Data analysis suggests that the VB is an effective tool at reducing the transmission of E. coli and Salmonella from animal farms to fresh produce fields. However, based on phenotypic and genotypic testing, it is clear that fecal samples from animal farms are not the only source of pathogen contamination. This indicates that the environment (e.g., soil and wind), as well as the initial setup of the farm (e.g., proximity to service roads and produce plot placement), can contribute to the contamination of fresh produce. Our study recommends the need for more effective bioremediation and prevention control measures to use in conjunction with VBs to reduce pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanna Glaize
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Morgan Young
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Lyndy Harden
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Eduardo Gutierrez-Rodriguez
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, USA
| | - Siddhartha Thakur
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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15
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Kim C, Almuqati R, Fatani A, Rahemi A, Kaseloo P, Wynn C, Nartea T, Ndegwa E, Rutto L. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens in select fresh produce procured from farmers' markets in Central Virginia. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chyer Kim
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Rehab Almuqati
- Department of Biology Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Abeer Fatani
- Department of Biology Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Alireza Rahemi
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Paul Kaseloo
- Department of Biology Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Crystal Wynn
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Theresa Nartea
- Cooperative Extension Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Eunice Ndegwa
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Laban Rutto
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
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Richter L, Plessis ED, Duvenage S, Korsten L. High prevalence of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from fresh vegetables sold by selected formal and informal traders in the most densely populated Province of South Africa. J Food Sci 2020; 86:161-168. [PMID: 33294974 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated fresh produce has increasingly been implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks. As microbiological safety surveillance in South Africa is limited, a total of 545 vegetable samples (spinach, tomato, lettuce, cucumber, and green beans) were purchased from retailers, street traders, trolley vendors and farmers' markets. Escherichia coli, coliforms and Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated and the prevalence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes determined. E. coli isolates were characterized phenotypically (antibiotic resistance) and genotypically (diarrheagenic virulence genes). Coliforms, E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae counts were mostly not significantly different between formal and informal markets, with exceptions noted on occasion. When compared to international standards, 90% to 98% tomatoes, 70% to 94% spinach, 82% cucumbers, 93% lettuce, and 80% green bean samples, had satisfactory (≤ 100 CFU/g) E. coli counts. Of the 545 vegetable samples analyzed, 14.86% (n = 81) harbored E. coli, predominantly from leafy green vegetables. Virulence genes (lt, st, bfpA, eagg, eaeA, stx1, stx2, and ipaH) were not detected in the E. coli isolates (n = 67) characterized, however 40.30% were multidrug-resistant. Resistance to aminoglycosides (neomycin, 73.13%; gentamycin, < 10%), penicillins (ampicillin, 38.81%; amoxicillin, 41.79%; augmentin, < 10%), sulfonamides (cotrimoxazole, 22.39%), tetracycline (19.4%), chloramphenicol (11.94%), cephalosporins (cefepime, 34.33%), and carbapenemases (imipenem, < 10%) were observed. This study highlights the need for continued surveillance of multidrug resistant foodborne pathogens in fresh produce retailed formally and informally for potential consumer health risks. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The results indicate that the microbiological quality of different vegetables were similar per product type, regardless of being purchased from formal retailers or informal street traders, trolley vendors or farmers' markets. Although no pathogenic bacteria (diarrheagenic E. coli, Salmonella spp. or L. monocytogenes) were isolated, high levels of multidrug-resistance was observed in the generic E. coli isolates. These findings highlight the importance of microbiological quality surveillance of fresh produce in formal and informal markets, as these products can be a reservoir of multidrug resistant bacteria harboring antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, potentially impacting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loandi Richter
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Department of Science and Innovation, National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Erika Du Plessis
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Stacey Duvenage
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Department of Science and Innovation, National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Department of Science and Innovation, National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Cape Town, South Africa
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17
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Cha MH, Ryu JG, Chi YM, Woo GJ. Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Fresh Produce and Agricultural Environments in Korea. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1115-1124. [PMID: 32083678 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-19-483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to characterize Escherichia coli strains and evaluate the spread of antimicrobial resistance among these strains from fresh produce and farm environments in Korea. We then conducted phenotypic and genetic studies on antimicrobial-resistant isolates. We determined the genetic epidemiological characteristics of isolates that produced extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and confirmed plasmid transfer in isolates that carried blaCTX-M-type genes. E. coli strains were isolated from 8 samples of fresh produce and 152 samples from the farm environment collected from May 2014 to June 2016. Cephalosporin resistance was the most prevalent (61.8%) type of resistance among the isolates. Five ESBL-producing strains with high genetic homology with E. coli of human or livestock origin were identified. Lateral transfer of plasmids harboring blaCTX-M-type genes to transconjugants was successful. Two isolates from Chinese cabbage and from water samples collected from a nearby stream harbored the ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-55-orf477 operon and were confirmed as sequence type 1196 and the same type of plasmid replicon, suggesting that cross-contamination was highly likely. A high-risk clone of sequence type 69 (clonal complex 69) isolates was also recovered from the farm environment. This study provides genetic evidence that antimicrobial resistance factors in E. coli from farm environments originate in the clinic or in livestock, highlighting the fact that good agricultural practices in farming are important to inhibit the spread of antimicrobial resistance to bacteria on fresh produce. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hyeok Cha
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Evaluation, Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gee Ryu
- Microbial Safety Team, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Chi
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Jo Woo
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Evaluation, Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Li K, Chiu YC, Jiang W, Jones L, Etienne X, Shen C. Comparing the Efficacy of Two Triple-Wash Procedures With Sodium Hypochlorite, a Lactic–Citric Acid Blend, and a Mix of Peroxyacetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide to Inactivate Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Surrogate Enterococcus faecium on Cucumbers and Tomatoes. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Boundy-Mills K, McCluskey K, Elia P, Glaeser JA, Lindner DL, Nobles DR, Normanly J, Ochoa-Corona FM, Scott JA, Ward TJ, Webb KM, Webster K, Wertz JE. Preserving US microbe collections sparks future discoveries. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 129:162-174. [PMID: 31758754 PMCID: PMC7383923 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Collections of micro‐organisms are a crucial element of life science research infrastructure but are vulnerable to loss and damage caused by natural or man‐made disasters, the untimely death or retirement of personnel, or the loss of research funding. Preservation of biological collections has risen in priority due to a new appreciation for discoveries linked to preserved specimens, emerging hurdles to international collecting and decreased funding for new collecting. While many historic collections have been lost, several have been preserved, some with dramatic rescue stories. Rescued microbes have been used for discoveries in areas of health, biotechnology and basic life science. Suggestions for long‐term planning for microbial stocks are listed, as well as inducements for long‐term preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Boundy-Mills
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K McCluskey
- Department of Plant Pathology, Fungal Genetics Stock Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - P Elia
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS Rhizobium Germplasm Resource Collection, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - J A Glaeser
- Center for Forest Mycology Research, USDA-Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D L Lindner
- Center for Forest Mycology Research, USDA-Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D R Nobles
- UTEX Culture Collection of Algae, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - J Normanly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - F M Ochoa-Corona
- National Institute for Microbial Forensics & Food and Agricultural Biosecurity, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - J A Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T J Ward
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - K M Webb
- Soil Management and Sugar Beet Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - K Webster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - J E Wertz
- E. coli Genetic Stock Center, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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20
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Khouryieh M, Khouryieh H, Daday JK, Shen C. Consumers' perceptions of the safety of fresh produce sold at farmers’ markets. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Son SH, Seo KW, Kim YB, Jeon HY, Noh EB, Lee YJ. Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Edible Offal in Korea. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1183-1190. [PMID: 31233359 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Edible offal is significantly contaminated by antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli. E. coli from edible offal is harboring various antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. Improvements in hygienic conditions of edible offal production is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyun Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-1133 [H.Y.J.])
| | - Kwang Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-1133 [H.Y.J.])
| | - Yeong Bin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-1133 [H.Y.J.])
| | - Hye Young Jeon
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-1133 [H.Y.J.])
| | - Eun Bi Noh
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-1133 [H.Y.J.])
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-1133 [H.Y.J.])
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22
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Li K, Khouryieh H, Jones L, Etienne X, Shen C. Assessing farmers market produce vendors’ handling of containers and evaluation of the survival of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes on plastic, pressed-card, and wood container surfaces at refrigerated and room temperature. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Hamid H, Shi HQ, Ma GY, Fan Y, Li WX, Zhao LH, Zhang JY, Ji C, Ma QG. Influence of acidified drinking water on growth performance and gastrointestinal function of broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3601-3609. [PMID: 29860532 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ban on the use of antibiotic feed additives as growth promoters compelled the researchers for exploring the future utility of other alternatives. This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of acidified drinking water on growth performance, gastrointestinal pH, digestive enzymes, intestinal histomorphology, and cecum microbial counting of the broiler chicken. A total of 540 one-day-old male broilers (Arbor Acre) were randomly assigned to 5 treatments, with 6 replicates of 18 chicks per replicate. Broilers received diets and water as follows: NC (negative control, basal diet, normal water), PC (positive control, basal diet + 8 ppm colistin sulfate + 8 ppm enduracidin, normal water), A1 (basal diet, continuous supply of acidified water during whole experiment period), A2 (basal diet, intermittent acidification of water during 0 to 14 d, 22 to 28 d, and 36 to 42 d), and A3 [basal diet, intermittent acidification of water (24 h/d from 0 to 14 d and from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm on d 15 to 42)]. During the entire period, the acidified groups (A1, A2, and A3) and PC group showed improve on weight gain, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio compared to NC group (P < 0.05). The pH in crop, proventriculus and ileum at 43 d declined by 0.04, 1.03, 1.23; 0.55, 0.69, 0.70; and 0.63, 0.74, 1.21 in A1, A2, and A3 group, respectively. There was a significant decline of lipase activity in the PC and acidified groups compared to NC group. The A2 group had higher villus height in jejunum than NC group. The PC and acidified groups reduced (P < 0.05) the total aerobic bacteria count of cecum when contrasted to NC group. Therefore, we conclude that acidified drinking water can improve growth performance, compensate for gastric acidity, and control pathogenic bacteria in broilers and may be considered as a potential alternative to improve production parameters. Discontinuous supply of acidified water had the same or even better influence on broilers compared to continuous supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hamid
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - H Q Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - G Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - W X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - L H Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - J Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - C Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Q G Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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24
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Roth L, Simonne A, House L, Ahn S. Microbiological analysis of fresh produce sold at Florida farmers’ markets. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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25
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Choi Y, Lee S, Lee H, Lee S, Kim S, Lee J, Ha J, Oh H, Lee Y, Kim Y, Yoon Y. Rapid Detection of Escherichia coli in Fresh Foods Using a Combination of Enrichment and PCR Analysis. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:829-834. [PMID: 30206442 PMCID: PMC6131372 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the minimum enrichment time for different types of food matrix (pork, beef, and fresh-cut lettuce) in an effort to improve Escherichia coli detection efficiency. Fresh pork (20 g), beef (20 g), and fresh-cut lettuce (20 g) were inoculated at 1, 2, and 3 Log CFU/g of Escherichia coli. Samples were enriched in filter bags for 3 or 5 h at 44.5°C, depending on sample type. E. coli cell counts in the samples were enriched in E. coli (EC) broth at 3 or 5 h. One milliliter of the enriched culture medium was used for DNA extraction, and PCR assays were performed using primers specific for uidA gene. To detect E. coli (uidA) in the samples, a 3-4 Log CFU/mL cell concentration was required. However, E. coli was detected at 1 Log CFU/g in fresh pork, beef, and fresh-cut lettuce after 5, 5, and 3-h enrichment, respectively. In conclusion, 5-h enrichment for fresh meats and 3-h enrichment for fresh-cut lettuce in EC broth at 44.5°C, and PCR analysis using uidA gene-specific primers were appropriate to detect E. coli rapidly in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukyung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Sujung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Soomin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Jimyeong Ha
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Hyemin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Yewon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
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26
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Park JH, Kim YJ, Seo KH. Spread of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli harboring integron via swine farm waste water treatment plant. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 149:36-42. [PMID: 29145163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that release treated wastewater into the environment have emerged as a major threat to public health. In this study, we investigated Escherichia coli load and antibiotic-resistance profiles across different treatment processes at a swine farm WWTP. The frequency of the detection of class 1 and 2 integrons, and their association with antibiotic resistance, were also analyzed. Samples were obtained at each of five sampling sites that represented each processing step within the WWTP. The largest decrease in E. coli load was observed during the anaerobic digestion step (from 4.86 to 2.89log CFU/mL). Isolates resistant to β-lactam antibiotics were efficiently removed after a series of treatment steps, whereas the proportions of isolates resistant to non-β-lactam antibiotics and multidrug-resistant strains were maintained across treatments. The occurrence of integron-positive strains was not significantly different at the various sampling sites (43.4-70%; p>0.05). Of the class 1 integron-positive isolates, 17.9% harbored the integron-associated gene cassettes aadA2, aadA12, aadA22, and dfrA15. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a class 1 integron containing the aadA12 gene cassette from a swine farm and the presence of a class 1 integron containing dfrA15 in E. coli. This suggests that novel antibiotic-resistance gene cassette arrays could be generated in swine farm WWTPs. Moreover, 75% of integron-positive strains were categorized as multidrug resistant, whereas only 15.4% of integron-negative strains were multidrug resistant (p<0.05), indicating that integrons may be responsible for mediating resistance in WWTPs. With regard to the occurrence of multidrug-resistant, integron-positive E. coli recovered from the final effluent, our results highlighted the potential risks associated with wastewater discharge from swine farm WWTPs in terms of the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyeong Park
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Ji Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Jin SA, Heo Y, Lin LK, Deering AJ, Chiu GTC, Allebach JP, Stanciu LA. Gold decorated polystyrene particles for lateral flow immunodetection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li K, Weidhaas J, Lemonakis L, Khouryieh H, Stone M, Jones L, Shen C. Microbiological quality and safety of fresh produce in West Virginia and Kentucky farmers’ markets and validation of a post-harvest washing practice with antimicrobials to inactivate Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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