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Riesenberger B, Rodriguez M, Marques L, Cervantes R, Gomes B, Dias M, Pena P, Ribeiro E, Viegas C. Filling the Knowledge Gap Regarding Microbial Occupational Exposure Assessment in Waste Water Treatment Plants: A Scoping Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1144. [PMID: 38930526 PMCID: PMC11205677 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are crucial in the scope of European Commission circular economy implementation. However, bioaerosol production may be a hazard for occupational and public health. A scoping review regarding microbial contamination exposure assessment in WWTPs was performed. METHODS This study was performed through PRISMA methodology in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. RESULTS 28 papers were selected for data extraction. The WWTPs' most common sampled sites are the aeration tank (42.86%), sludge dewatering basin (21.43%) and grit chamber. Air sampling is the preferred sampling technique and culture-based methods were the most frequently employed assays. Staphylococcus sp. (21.43%), Bacillus sp. (7.14%), Clostridium sp. (3.57%), Escherichia sp. (7.14%) and Legionella sp. (3.57%) were the most isolated bacteria and Aspergillus sp. (17.86%), Cladosporium sp. (10.71%) and Alternaria sp. (10.71%) dominated the fungal presence. CONCLUSIONS This study allowed the identification of the following needs: (a) common protocol from the field (sampling campaign) to the lab (assays to employ); (b) standardized contextual information to be retrieved allowing a proper risk control and management; (c) the selection of the most suitable microbial targets to serve as indicators of harmful microbial exposure. Filling these gaps with further studies will help to provide robust science to policy makers and stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Riesenberger
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Rodriguez
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Liliana Marques
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Renata Cervantes
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, REAL, CCAL, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bianca Gomes
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Dias
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, REAL, CCAL, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pena
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, REAL, CCAL, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Edna Ribeiro
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Viegas
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, REAL, CCAL, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
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Huynh-Phuoc V, Ly TQ, Purbiantoro W, Ngo HVT, Afonso F, Vu NU, Cheng TC. Bacillus safensis isolated from white-leg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei in Taiwan with antagonistic activity against common Vibrio pathogens. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Strains Associated with Two 2020 Welder Anthrax Cases in the United States Belong to Separate Lineages within Bacillus cereus sensu lato. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080856. [PMID: 36014977 PMCID: PMC9413466 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthrax-causing members of Bacillus cereus sensu lato (s.l.) pose a serious threat to public health. While most anthrax-causing strains resemble B. anthracis phenotypically, rare cases of anthrax-like illness caused by strains resembling “B. cereus” have been reported. Here, whole-genome sequencing was used to characterize three B. cereus s.l. isolates associated with two 2020 welder anthrax cases in the United States, which resembled “B. cereus” phenotypically. Comparison of the three genomes sequenced here to all publicly available, high-quality B. cereus s.l. genomes (n = 2890 total genomes) demonstrated that genomes associated with each case effectively belonged to separate species at the conventional 95% average nucleotide identity prokaryotic species threshold. Two PubMLST sequence type 78 (ST78) genomes affiliated with a case in Louisiana were most closely related to B. tropicus and possessed genes encoding the Bps exopolysaccharide capsule, as well as hemolysin BL (Hbl) and cytotoxin K (CytK). Comparatively, a ST108 genome associated with a case in Texas was most closely related to B. anthracis; however, like other anthrax-causing strains most closely related to B. anthracis, this genome did not possess Bps-, Hbl-, or CytK-encoding genes. Overall, results presented here provide insights into the evolution of anthrax-causing B. cereus s.l.
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Carroll LM, Pierneef R, Mathole A, Atanda A, Matle I. Genomic Sequencing of Bacillus cereus Sensu Lato Strains Isolated from Meat and Poultry Products in South Africa Enables Inter- and Intranational Surveillance and Source Tracking. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0070022. [PMID: 35475639 PMCID: PMC9241823 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00700-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Bacillus cereus sensu lato species complex, also known as the B. cereus group, vary in their ability to cause illness but are frequently isolated from foods, including meat products; however, food safety surveillance efforts that use whole-genome sequencing (WGS) often neglect these potential pathogens. Here, we evaluate the surveillance and source tracking potential of WGS as applied to B. cereus sensu lato by (i) using WGS to characterize B. cereus sensu lato strains isolated during routine surveillance of meat products across South Africa (n = 25) and (ii) comparing the genomes sequenced here to all publicly available, high-quality B. cereus sensu lato genomes (n = 2,887 total genomes). Strains sequenced here were collected from meat products obtained from (i) retail outlets, processing plants, and butcheries across six South African provinces (n = 23) and (ii) imports held at port of entry (n = 2). The 25 strains sequenced here were partitioned into 15 lineages via in silico seven-gene multilocus sequence typing (MLST). While none of the South African B. cereus sensu lato strains sequenced here were identical to publicly available genomes, six MLST lineages contained multiple strains sequenced in this study, which were identical or nearly identical at the whole-genome scale (≤3 core single nucleotide polymorphisms). Five MLST lineages contained (nearly) identical genomes collected from two or three South African provinces; one MLST lineage contained nearly identical genomes from two countries (South Africa and the Netherlands), indicating that B. cereus sensu lato can spread intra- and internationally via foodstuffs. IMPORTANCE Nationwide foodborne pathogen surveillance programs that use high-resolution genomic methods have been shown to provide vast public health and economic benefits. However, Bacillus cereus sensu lato is often overlooked during large-scale routine WGS efforts. Thus, to our knowledge, no studies to date have evaluated the potential utility of WGS for B. cereus sensu lato surveillance and source tracking in foodstuffs. In this preliminary proof-of-concept study, we applied WGS to B. cereus sensu lato strains collected via South Africa's national surveillance program of domestic and imported meat products, and we provide strong evidence that B. cereus sensu lato can be disseminated intra- and internationally via the agro-food supply chain. Our results showcase that WGS has the potential to be used for source tracking of B. cereus sensu lato in foods, although future WGS and metadata collection efforts are needed to ensure that B. cereus sensu lato surveillance initiatives are on par with those of other foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Carroll
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rian Pierneef
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Aletta Mathole
- Bacteriology Division, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Abimbola Atanda
- Bacteriology Division, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Itumeleng Matle
- Bacteriology Division, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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Fuchs E, Raab C, Brugger K, Ehling-Schulz M, Wagner M, Stessl B. Performance Testing of Bacillus cereus Chromogenic Agar Media for Improved Detection in Milk and Other Food Samples. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030288. [PMID: 35159440 PMCID: PMC8834558 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the performance of four alternative selective chromogenic B. cereus agar was compared to the reference mannitol-yolk polymyxin (MYP) agar (ISO 7932) using inclusion and exclusion test strains (n = 110) and by analyzing naturally contaminated milk and other food samples (n = 64). Subsequently, the panC group affiliation and toxin gene profile of Bacillus cereus senso lato (s.l.) isolates were determined. Our results corroborate that the overall best performing media CHROMagar™ B. cereus (93.6% inclusivity; 82.7% exclusivity) and BACARA® (98.2% inclusivity, 62.7% exclusivity) are more sensitive and specific compared to Brilliance™ B. cereus, MYP and ChromoSelect Bacillus Agar. Both media allow unequivocal detection of B. cereus with low risks of misidentification. Media containing ß-D-glucosidase for the detection of presumptive B. cereus may form atypical colony morphologies resulting in a false negative evaluation of the sample. Naturally contaminated samples presented high numbers of background flora, while numbers of presumptive B. cereus were below the detection limit (<10 CFU g−1 or mL−1). Recovery after freezing resulted in the highest detection of B. cereus s.l. on BACARA® (57.8%), CHROMagar™ B. cereus (56.3%) and MYP agar (54.7%). The panC/toxin profile combination IV/A was the most abundant (33.0%), followed by III/F (21.7%) and VI/C (10.4%). More panC and toxin combinations were present in 15.6% of samples when reanalyzed after freezing. In order to improve detection and confirmation of B. cereus s.l. in food samples, we recommend the parallel use of two complementary selective media followed by molecular characterization (e.g., panC typing combined with toxin gene profiling). When determining psychrotolerant or thermophilic members of the B. cereus group, the selective agar media should additionally be incubated at appropriate temperatures (5 °C, ≥45 °C). If high-risk toxin genes (e.g., ces or cytK-1) are detected, the strain-specific ability to produce toxin should be examined to decisively assess risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fuchs
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (E.F.); (C.R.); (M.W.)
| | - Christina Raab
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (E.F.); (C.R.); (M.W.)
| | - Katharina Brugger
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Functional Microbiology Group, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Martin Wagner
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (E.F.); (C.R.); (M.W.)
- Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation (FFOQSI GmbH), 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (E.F.); (C.R.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Fan X, Baik J, Gurtler JB. Thermal Reduction of Bacillus spp. in Naturally Contaminated Mesquite Flour with Two Different Water Activities. J Food Prot 2021; 84:490-496. [PMID: 33125042 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mesquite flour with endogenous high sugar content is often contaminated with Bacillus cereus. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the thermal resistance of Bacillus spp. in naturally contaminated mesquite flour. Flours with and without adjusted water activity (aw) were treated at various temperatures (100 to 140°C) and times (up to 2 h). Total mesophilic bacteria and Bacillus spp. were enumerated using tryptic soy agar and Brilliance Bacillus cereus Agar, respectively. Results revealed that naturally contaminated Bacillus spp. and other mesophilic bacteria in mesquite flour (aw = 0.34) were highly resistant to heat. To reduce the initial populations (4.75 log CFU/g) of Bacillus spp. to nondetectable levels (<1.18 log CFU/g), thermal treatments of 120°C for 2 h were required. D100°C-values for total mesophilic bacteria were 5.6-fold higher than those of Bacillus spp. With increasing treatment temperature, the difference in D-value between total mesophilic bacteria and Bacillus spp. became smaller. When the aw of flour was adjusted from 0.34 to 0.71, the D-values for Bacillus decreased significantly. Treatment at 100°C for 1 h reduced Bacillus spp. populations to nondetectable levels. Our results demonstrate that naturally present Bacillus spp. in flour are highly resistant to heat, whereas increasing the aw increased their heat sensitivity. The high thermal resistance of microbes in mesquite flour warrants further investigations. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetong Fan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-7522 [X.F.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.])
| | - Jessica Baik
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-7522 [X.F.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.])
| | - Joshua B Gurtler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-7522 [X.F.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.])
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Ricci A, Martelli F, Razzano R, Cassi D, Lazzi C, Neviani E, Bernini V. Service temperature preservation approach for food safety: Microbiological evaluation of ready meals. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Kewcharoen W, Srisapoome P. Probiotic effects of Bacillus spp. from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on water quality and shrimp growth, immune responses, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (AHPND strains). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:175-189. [PMID: 31499198 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), a serious disease caused by some Vibrio spp., impacts the Pacific white shrimp industry worldwide, especially in Thailand. To effectively overcome this problem, efficacious probiotic candidates were isolated from shrimp farms near coastal areas. The isolated Bacillus probiotics were screened for their ability to control pathogenic Vibrio spp. and various V. parahaemolyticus AHPND (VPAHPND) strains. Among the obtained probiotics, Bacillus subtilis AQAHBS001, which broadly inhibited various strains of VPAHPND, was evaluated on a laboratory scale in water-soluble and feed applications of viable probiotic. The water addition of 1 × 103-1 × 105 CFU/mL of this probiotic effectively reduced total ammonia but did not improve shrimp growth and resistance to VPAHPND. However, feed supplemented with the selected probiotic at 1 × 107 and 1 × 109 CFU/kg diet and provided to shrimp continuously for 5 weeks efficiently improved growth, as indicated by significant final weight gain, average daily growth, specific growth rates and feed conversion ratios. Additionally, this probiotic significantly elevated immune responses through phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency and enhanced the expression of the prophenoloxidase, lysozyme, and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor genes. Furthermore, B. subtilis AQAHBS001 obviously improved midgut characteristics by increasing microvilli and intestinal wall thickness. Finally, this probiotic evidently improved resistance to VPAHPND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werasan Kewcharoen
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Li F, Hunt K, Van Hoorde K, Butler F, Jordan K, Tobin JT. Occurrence and identification of spore-forming bacteria in skim-milk powders. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Carroll LM, Wiedmann M, Mukherjee M, Nicholas DC, Mingle LA, Dumas NB, Cole JA, Kovac J. Characterization of Emetic and Diarrheal Bacillus cereus Strains From a 2016 Foodborne Outbreak Using Whole-Genome Sequencing: Addressing the Microbiological, Epidemiological, and Bioinformatic Challenges. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:144. [PMID: 30809204 PMCID: PMC6379260 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bacillus cereus group comprises multiple species capable of causing emetic or diarrheal foodborne illness. Despite being responsible for tens of thousands of illnesses each year in the U.S. alone, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is not yet routinely employed to characterize B. cereus group isolates from foodborne outbreaks. Here, we describe the first WGS-based characterization of isolates linked to an outbreak caused by members of the B. cereus group. In conjunction with a 2016 outbreak traced to a supplier of refried beans served by a fast food restaurant chain in upstate New York, a total of 33 B. cereus group isolates were obtained from human cases (n = 7) and food samples (n = 26). Emetic (n = 30) and diarrheal (n = 3) isolates were most closely related to B. paranthracis (group III) and B. cereus sensu stricto (group IV), respectively. WGS indicated that the 30 emetic isolates (24 and 6 from food and humans, respectively) were closely related and formed a well-supported clade distinct from publicly available emetic group III genomes with an identical sequence type (ST 26). The 30 emetic group III isolates from this outbreak differed from each other by a mean of 8.3 to 11.9 core single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), while differing from publicly available emetic group III ST 26 B. cereus group genomes by a mean of 301.7-528.0 core SNPs, depending on the SNP calling methodology used. Using a WST-1 cell proliferation assay, the strains isolated from this outbreak had only mild detrimental effects on HeLa cell metabolic activity compared to reference diarrheal strain B. cereus ATCC 14579. We hypothesize that the outbreak was a single source outbreak caused by emetic group III B. cereus belonging to the B. paranthracis species, although food samples were not tested for presence of the emetic toxin cereulide. In addition to showcasing how WGS can be used to characterize B. cereus group strains linked to a foodborne outbreak, we also discuss potential microbiological and epidemiological challenges presented by B. cereus group outbreaks, and we offer recommendations for analyzing WGS data from the isolates associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Carroll
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Manjari Mukherjee
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - David C. Nicholas
- New York State Department of Health, Corning Tower, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Lisa A. Mingle
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Nellie B. Dumas
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jocelyn A. Cole
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jasna Kovac
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Hsieh YH, Simpson S, Kerdahi K, Sulaiman IM. A Comparative Evaluation Study of Growth Conditions for Culturing the Isolates of Campylobacter spp. Curr Microbiol 2017; 75:71-78. [PMID: 28887647 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the leading causes of foodborne travelers' diarrhea worldwide. Although a large number cases of campylobacteriosis go undiagnosed or unreported, it is considered as the second most common foodborne illness in the USA affecting over 1.3 million individuals every year. Of various Campylobacter species, C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari have been accounted for causing more than 99% of human infections. Thus, there is a need to have efficient isolation method to protect public health on food safety and monitoring the burden of campylobacteriosis. Nevertheless, it is a challenging task as the exposure of environmental stress during isolation process makes Campylobacter species less culturable. Sixteen Campylobacter spp. were used to evaluate the current protocols used in Campylobacter isolation. For optimal recovery, a range of growth media (Bolton, Columbia, Muller Hinton, CVA Campy and mCCDA), incubation temperatures, and additional supplements (including antibiotics) were tested. Blood agars without antibiotics were sufficient for the initial recovery. Afterward, the isolates could grow on agars without any supplements, and in some cases growth was observed in the presence of antibiotics. Incubation at 37 °C was found to be the optimal temperature for the recovery and the growth of most species. Additionally, a food adulteration study was also carried out by artificially contaminating three food matrices that included egg, milk, and infant cereal, with two isolates of C. jejuni and C. coli. Results of this study should provide the insight for culturing and isolation of Campylobacter from food and other sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsin Hsieh
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Southeast Food and Feed Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA
| | - Steven Simpson
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Southeast Food and Feed Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA
| | - Khalil Kerdahi
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Southeast Food and Feed Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA
| | - Irshad M Sulaiman
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Southeast Food and Feed Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA.
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