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Patterns of enteric infections in a population-wide cohort study of sequelae, British Columbia, Canada. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 151:e7. [PMID: 36515015 PMCID: PMC9990383 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822001911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed patterns of enteric infections caused by 14 pathogens, in a longitudinal cohort study of sequelae in British Columbia (BC) Canada, 2005-2014. Our population cohort of 5.8 million individuals was followed for an average of 7.5 years/person; during this time, 40 523 individuals experienced 42 308 incident laboratory-confirmed, provincially reported enteric infections (96.4 incident infections per 100 000 person-years). Most individuals (38 882/40 523; 96%) had only one, but 4% had multiple concurrent infections or more than one infection across the study. Among individuals with more than one infection, the pathogens and combinations occurring most frequently per individual matched the pathogens occurring most frequently in the BC population. An additional 298 557 new fee-for-service physician visits and hospitalisations for enteric infections, that did not coincide with a reported enteric infection, also occurred, and some may be potentially unreported enteric infections. Our findings demonstrate that sequelae risk analyses should explore the possible impacts of multiple infections, and that estimating risk for individuals who may have had a potentially unreported enteric infection is warranted.
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Fukuda A, Nakamura H, Umeda K, Yamamoto K, Hirai Y, Usui M, Ogasawara J. OUP accepted manuscript. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2022; 4:dlac031. [PMID: 35350135 PMCID: PMC8952253 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiromi Nakamura
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Umeda
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Yamamoto
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Hirai
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Usui
- Food Microbiology and Food Safety Unit, Division of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Jun Ogasawara
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
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Carol M, Guadalupe-Fernández V, Rius C, Soldevila N, Razquin E, Guix S, Dominguez A. A Waterborne Gastroenteritis Outbreak Caused by a GII Norovirus in a Holiday Camp in Catalonia (Spain), 2017. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091792. [PMID: 34578373 PMCID: PMC8473012 DOI: 10.3390/v13091792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
On 2 February 2017, Epidemiological Surveillance Services were notified of an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) among schoolchildren who had taken part of a school trip from 30 January to 3 February 2017 at a holiday camp in Catalonia. A retrospective cohort study was performed to identify the causative agent, estimate the magnitude of the outbreak and identify its source, as well as to determine the route of transmission. Data collected by standardised questionnaires identified 41 episodes of AGE among 174 individuals who attended the camp. Cases had mainly symptoms of abdominal pain (73.8%), nausea (64.3%), vomiting (54.8%), diarrhoea (45.2%) and headache (42.9%). Consumption of water was associated with gastroenteritis (crude RR: 1.72, 95%CI: 1.01–2.92; adjusted RR: 1.88, 95%CI 1.03–3.56). NoV GII was detected in faeces (5 out of 13) and water samples. Additionally, faecal indicator bacteria and protozoa were detected in water samples. The outbreak showed a high attack rate and was caused by a natural water fountain not properly treated and not monitored for safety quality. There could have been a discharge of wastewater at a point close to the fountain; however, the source of contamination of the water could not be identified. Health education may be useful to eliminate risks associated with the consumption of untreated water from natural fountains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Carol
- Sub-Directorate General of Surveillance and Response to Public Health Emergencies, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Generalitat of Catalonia, 08005 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Víctor Guadalupe-Fernández
- Sub-Directorate General of Surveillance and Response to Public Health Emergencies, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Generalitat of Catalonia, 08005 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Rius
- Epidemiological Service of Public Health Agency of Barcelona (ASPB), 08023 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Soldevila
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Efrén Razquin
- Laboratory of Barcelona Public Health Agency (ASPB), 08001 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Susana Guix
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Section of Microbiology, Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), School of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Angela Dominguez
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (A.D.)
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Shigemura H, Maeda T, Nakayama S, Ohishi A, Carle Y, Ookuma E, Etoh Y, Hirai S, Matsui M, Kimura H, Sekizuka T, Kuroda M, Sera N, Inoshima Y, Murakami K. Transmission of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella harboring a bla CMY-2-carrying IncA/C 2 plasmid chromosomally integrated by ISEcp1 or IS26 in layer breeding chains in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1345-1355. [PMID: 34275958 PMCID: PMC8498838 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Salmonella is a public health concern in the egg production industry. ESC-resistant
Salmonella often acquires the bla gene via insertion sequences (ISs). Therefore, this study aimed to assess antimicrobial resistance in
Salmonella from Japanese layer breeding chains and egg processing chains, and determine the genetic profiles of IS-like elements in ESC-resistant
Salmonella. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 224 isolates from 49 facilities involving layer breeder farms, hatcheries, pullet-rearing farms, and
layer farms in breeding chains along with egg processing chains. ESC-resistant Salmonella strains were whole-genome sequenced. Among them, 40 (17.9%) were resistant to at
least streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cefpodoxime, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and/or kanamycin despite lacking resistance to azithromycin and meropenem.
Moreover, 15 were ESC-resistant Salmonella harboring blaCMY-2 (Salmonella enterica serovar Ohio, n=12; S.
Braenderup, n=1; untypeable with O7:b:-, n=1) and blaCTX-M-14 (S. Cerro, n=1). IncA/C2 plasmids containing ISEcp1,
IS26, and multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (including blaCMY-2) were identified in S. Ohio isolates from pullet-rearing
and layer farms belonging to the same company. Chromosomal integration of partial or whole IncA/C2 plasmids was seen with two S. Ohio isolates via
ISEcp1 or IS26, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance genes such as blaCMY-2 might be transmitted among the upper and the
lower levels of layer breeding chains via the replicon type IncA/C2 plasmids containing ISEcp1 and IS26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shigemura
- Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Takashi Maeda
- MP AGRO Co., Ltd., 2-44-3 Hoshikuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0132, Japan
| | - Shiko Nakayama
- Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Akira Ohishi
- Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Yuki Carle
- Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Eiko Ookuma
- Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Etoh
- Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Hirai
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Mari Matsui
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba-cho, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0006, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sera
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Teikyo University Fukuoka Campus, 6-22 Misaki-machi, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-8505, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Koichi Murakami
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
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