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Park KJ, Meißner T, Günther E, Schmalz G, Kottmann T, Krause F, Haak R, Ziebolz D. Arrest of root caries with an adjuvant chlorhexidine-fluoride varnish over a 12-months observation period: a QLF-analyzed, placebo-controlled, randomized, clinical trial (RCT). Odontology 2021; 110:193-202. [PMID: 34255238 PMCID: PMC8732822 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of an adjuvant chlorhexidine–fluoride varnish (Cervitec F) for prevention and arrest of root caries on elderly participants using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). 23 participants with two or three non-cavitated root carious lesions were included and assigned to three groups of different varnishes (CF: Cervitec F, P: placebo, DP: Duraphate). Agents were applied once to root surface at baseline and in follow-up after 3, 6 and 9 months. The lesions were assessed clinically and with QLF. QLF-images were analyzed regarding fluorescence loss (ΔF), lesion volume (ΔQ) and bacterial activity (ΔR) before (t0), after 14 days (t1), 6- (t2) and 12-months (t3). CF showed a significant difference between t0 and t3: ∆F (− 12.51 [15.41] vs. − 7.80 [16.72], p = 0.012), ∆Q (− 2339.97 (20,898.30) vs. − 751.82 (5725.35), p < 0.001), ∆R (23.80 [41.70] vs. 7.07 [37.50], p = 0.006). Independently of the varnish application, preventive care seems positively influence the root caries progress. Although within CF group the strongest effect was observed, no superiority of a specific varnish application was confirmed over a 12-months QLF observation period. Extra topical fluoride can help remineralise dentin lesions and QLF can be used as a measurement method to determine changes in the dentin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jin Park
- Department of CariologyEndodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Meißner
- Department of CariologyEndodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Günther
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of CariologyEndodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Felix Krause
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of CariologyEndodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of CariologyEndodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Huang Y, Song B, Zhou X, Chen H, Wang H, Cheng L. Dental Restorative Materials for Elderly Populations. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050828. [PMID: 33800358 PMCID: PMC7962827 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of dental caries, especially root caries, has risen in elderly populations in recent years. Specialized restorative materials are needed due to the specific site of root caries and the age-related changes in general and oral health in the elderly. Unfortunately, the restorative materials commonly used clinically cannot fully meet the requirements in this population. Specifically, the antibacterial, adhesive, remineralization, mechanical, and anti-aging properties of the materials need to be significantly improved for dental caries in the elderly. This review mainly discusses the strengths and weaknesses of currently available materials, including amalgam, glass ionomer cement, and light-cured composite resin, for root caries. It also reviews the studies on novel anti-caries materials divided into three groups, antimicrobial, remineralization, and self-healing materials, and explores their potential in the clinical use for caries in the elderly. Therefore, specific restorative materials for caries in the elderly, especially for root caries, need to be further developed and applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.H.); (B.S.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bingqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.H.); (B.S.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.H.); (B.S.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China;
| | - Haohao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.H.); (B.S.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.H.); (B.S.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (L.C.)
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Sánchez MC, Alonso-Español A, Ribeiro-Vidal H, Alonso B, Herrera D, Sanz M. Relevance of Biofilm Models in Periodontal Research: From Static to Dynamic Systems. Microorganisms 2021; 9:428. [PMID: 33669562 PMCID: PMC7922797 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilm modeling has improved in sophistication and scope, although only a limited number of standardized protocols are available. This review presents an example of a biofilm model, along with its evolution and application in studying periodontal and peri-implant diseases. In 2011, the ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) research group at the University Complutense of Madrid developed an in vitro biofilm static model using representative bacteria from the subgingival microbiota, demonstrating a pattern of bacterial colonization and maturation similar to in vivo subgingival biofilms. When the model and its methodology were standardized, the ETEP research group employed the validated in vitro biofilm model for testing in different applications. The evolution of this model is described in this manuscript, from the mere observation of biofilm growth and maturation on static models on hydroxyapatite or titanium discs, to the evaluation of the impact of dental implant surface composition and micro-structure using the dynamic biofilm model. This evolution was based on reproducing the ideal microenvironmental conditions for bacterial growth within a bioreactor and reaching the target surfaces using the fluid dynamics mimicking the salivary flow. The development of this relevant biofilm model has become a powerful tool to study the essential processes that regulate the formation and maturation of these important microbial communities, as well as their behavior when exposed to different antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Sánchez
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (H.R.-V.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Alonso-Español
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (H.R.-V.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Honorato Ribeiro-Vidal
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (H.R.-V.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Bettina Alonso
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (H.R.-V.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (H.R.-V.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (H.R.-V.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
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Miranda ML, Silva BNS, Salomão KB, de Oliveira AB, Gabbai-Armelin PR, Brighenti FL. Effect of arginine on microorganisms involved in dental caries: a systematic literature review of in vitro studies. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:696-709. [PMID: 32752889 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1802587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to discuss the effects of arginine on caries-related microorganisms in different in vitro biofilm models. The eligibility criteria were in vitro studies that evaluated the effect of arginine at different concentrations on caries-related microorganisms using biofilm models. Eighteen studies published between 2012 and 2019 were included. Different bacterial species were studied. Seventeen studies (94.4%) achieved a low risk of bias and only one showed a medium risk of bias. The studies showed that arginine is a promising approach for the ecological management of dental caries. The focus of this review was to evaluate the effects of arginine on microorganisms involved in the mechanism of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lins Miranda
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Bianca Núbia Souza Silva
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Karina Borges Salomão
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Analú Barros de Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Gabbai-Armelin
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Göstemeyer G, Schulze F, Paris S, Schwendicke F. Arrest of Root Carious Lesions via Sodium Fluoride, Chlorhexidine and Silver Diamine Fluoride In Vitro. MATERIALS 2017; 11:ma11010009. [PMID: 29271891 PMCID: PMC5793507 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the root carious lesion arrest of chlorhexidine (CHX) and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) varnishes and/or sodium fluoride rinses (NaF) in vitro. BACKGROUND Effective and easily applicable interventions for treating root carious lesions are needed, as these lesions are highly prevalent amongst elderly individuals. METHODS In 100 bovine dentin samples, artificial root carious lesions were induced using acetic acid and a continuous-culture Lactobacillus rhamnosus biofilm model. One quarter of each induced lesion was excavated and baseline dentinal bacterial counts assessed as Colony-Forming-Units (CFU) per mg. Samples were allocated to one of four treatments (n = 25/group): (1) untreated control; (2) 38% SDF or (3) 35% CHX varnish, each applied once, plus 500 ppm daily NaF rinse in the subsequent lesion progression phase; and (4) daily NaF rinses only. Samples were re-transferred to the biofilm model and submitted to a cariogenic challenge. After six days, another quarter of each lesion was used to assess bacterial counts and the remaining sample was used to assess integrated mineral loss (ΔZ) using microradiography. RESULTS ΔZ did not differ significantly between control (median (25th/75th percentiles): 9082 (7859/9782) vol % × µm), NaF (6704 (4507/9574) and SDF 7206 (5389/8082)) (p < 0.05/Kruskal-Wallis test). CHX significantly reduced ΔZ (3385 (2447/4496)) compared with all other groups (p < 0.05). Bacterial numbers did not differ significantly between control (1451 (875/2644) CFU/µg) and NaF (750 (260/1401)) (p > 0.05). SDF reduced bacterial counts (360 (136/1166)) significantly compared with control (p < 0.05). CHX reduced bacterial counts (190 (73/517)) significantly compared with NaF and control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CHX varnish plus regular NaF rinses arrested root carious lesions most successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Göstemeyer
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Felix Schulze
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Paris
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany.
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Experimental Models of Oral Biofilms Developed on Inert Substrates: A Review of the Literature. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7461047. [PMID: 27699173 PMCID: PMC5028824 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7461047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The oral ecosystem is a very complex environment where more than 700 different bacterial species can be found. Most of them are organized in biofilm on dental and mucosal surfaces. Studying this community is important because a rupture in stability can lead to the preeminence of pathogenic microorganisms, causing dental decay, gingivitis, or periodontitis. The multitude of species complicates biofilm analysis so its reproduction, collection, and counting are very delicate. The development of experimental models of dental biofilms was therefore essential and multiple in vitro designs have emerged, each of them especially adapted to observing biofilm formation of specific bacteria within specific environments. The aim of this review is to analyze oral biofilm models.
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Inhibition of Cariogenic Plaque Formation on Root Surface with Polydopamine-Induced-Polyethylene Glycol Coating. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9060414. [PMID: 28773535 PMCID: PMC5456761 DOI: 10.3390/ma9060414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Root caries prevention has been a challenge for clinicians due to its special anatomical location, which favors the accumulation of dental plaque. Researchers are looking for anti-biofouling material to inhibit bacterial growth on exposed root surfaces. This study aimed to develop polydopamine-induced-polyethylene glycol (PEG) and to study its anti-biofouling effect against a multi-species cariogenic biofilm on the root dentine surface. Hydroxyapatite disks and human dentine blocks were divided into four groups for experiments. They received polydopamine-induced-PEG, PEG, polydopamine, or water application. Contact angle, quartz crystal microbalance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to study the wetting property, surface affinity, and an infrared spectrum; the results indicated that PEG was induced by polydopamine onto a hydroxyapatite disk. Salivary mucin absorption on hydroxyapatite disks with polydopamine-induced-PEG was confirmed using spectrophotometry. The growth of a multi-species cariogenic biofilm on dentine blocks with polydopamine-induced-PEG was assessed and monitored by colony-forming units, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that dentine with polydopamine-induced-PEG had fewer bacteria than other groups. In conclusion, a novel polydopamine-induced-PEG coating was developed. Its anti-biofouling effect inhibited salivary mucin absorption and cariogenic biofilm formation on dentine surface and thus may be used for the prevention of root dentine caries.
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Maske TT, Brauner KV, Nakanishi L, Arthur RA, van de Sande FH, Cenci MS. An in vitro dynamic microcosm biofilm model for caries lesion development and antimicrobial dose-response studies. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:339-348. [PMID: 26905384 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1130824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some dynamic biofilm models for dental caries development are limited as they require multiple experiments and do not allow independent biofilm growth units, making them expensive and time-consuming. This study aimed to develop and test an in vitro dynamic microcosm biofilm model for caries lesion development and for dose-response to chlorhexidine. Microcosm biofilms were grown under two different protocols from saliva on bovine enamel discs for up to 21 days. The study outcomes were as follows: the percentage of enamel surface hardness change, integrated hardness loss, and the CFU counts from the biofilms formed. The measured outcomes, mineral loss and CFU counts showed dose-response effects as a result of the treatment with chlorhexidine. Overall, the findings suggest that biofilm growth for seven days with 0.06 ml min(-1) salivary flow under exposure to 5% sucrose (3 × daily, 0.25 ml min(-1), 6 min) was suitable as a pre-clinical model for enamel demineralization and antimicrobial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Maske
- a Graduate Program in Dentistry , Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas-RS , Brazil
| | - K V Brauner
- a Graduate Program in Dentistry , Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas-RS , Brazil
| | - L Nakanishi
- a Graduate Program in Dentistry , Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas-RS , Brazil
| | - R A Arthur
- b Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre-RS , Brazil
| | - F H van de Sande
- a Graduate Program in Dentistry , Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas-RS , Brazil
- c School of Dentistry , IMED Faculdade Meridional , Passo Fundo-RS , Brazil
| | - M S Cenci
- a Graduate Program in Dentistry , Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas-RS , Brazil
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Barnabé M, Saraceni CHC, Dutra-Correa M, Suffredini IB. The influence of Brazilian plant extracts on Streptococcus mutans biofilm. J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 22:366-72. [PMID: 25466471 PMCID: PMC4245747 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nineteen plant extracts obtained from plants from the Brazilian Amazon showed activity against planktonic Streptococcus mutans, an important bacterium involved in the first steps of biofilm formation and the subsequent initiation of several oral diseases. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to verify whether plant extracts that showed activity against planktonic S. mutans could prevent the organization of or even disrupt a single-species biofilm made by the same bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plant extracts were tested on a single-bacteria biofilm prepared using the Zürich method. Each plant extract was tested at a concentration 5 times higher than its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Discs of hydroxyapatite were submersed overnight in brain-heart infusion broth enriched with saccharose 5%, which provided sufficient time for biofilm formation. The discs were then submersed in extract solutions for one minute, three times per day, for two subsequent days. The discs were then washed with saline three times, at ten seconds each, after each treatment. Supports were allowed to remain in the enriched medium for one additional night. At the end of the process, the bacteria were removed from the discs by vortexing and were counted. RESULTS Only two of 19 plant extracts showed activity in the present assay: EB1779, obtained from Dioscorea altissima, and EB1673, obtained from Annona hypoglauca. Although the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was first observed against planktonic S. mutans, influence over biofilm formation was not necessarily observed in the biofilm model. The present results motivate us to find new natural products to be used in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Barnabé
- School of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ivana Barbosa Suffredini
- Center for Research in Biodiversity, Extraction Laboratory, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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A biofilm cariogenic challenge model for dentin demineralization and dentin bonding analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:1047-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Azevedo MS, van de Sande FH, Maske TT, Signori C, Romano AR, Cenci MS. Correlation between the cariogenic response in biofilms generated from saliva of mother/child pairs. BIOFOULING 2014; 30:903-909. [PMID: 25184431 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.948868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to correlate the cariogenic responsiveness of biofilms generated from the saliva of mothers and children. The mother-child pairs were classified according to the children's caries levels: caries-free, early childhood caries (ECC) or severe ECC. Microcosm biofilms were grown on enamel discs for 10 days. Factors under evaluation were caries experience levels, inoculum source (mothers and children) and growth conditions including cariogenic challenge (growth medium provided with and without sucrose) and no cariogenic challenge (growth medium sucrose-free). Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and Tukey's test, and the Spearman correlation test. Regular sucrose exposure resulted in a higher surface hardness change (%SHC). The correlation between biofilms formed from saliva of mother-child pairs was significant regarding pH, total aciduric microorganisms and lactobacilli counts under cariogenic challenge. Biofilm growth originating from mother-child pairs under regular sucrose exposure promoted the same cariogenic response independently of caries experience and the microbiological profile of the donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Azevedo
- a Graduate Program in Dentistry , Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
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Krzyściak W, Jurczak A, Kościelniak D, Bystrowska B, Skalniak A. The virulence of Streptococcus mutans and the ability to form biofilms. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:499-515. [PMID: 24154653 PMCID: PMC3953549 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-1993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In some diseases, a very important role is played by the ability of bacteria to form multi-dimensional complex structure known as biofilm. The most common disease of the oral cavity, known as dental caries, is a top leader. Streptococcus mutans, one of the many etiological factors of dental caries, is a microorganism which is able to acquire new properties allowing for the expression of pathogenicity determinants determining its virulence in specific environmental conditions. Through the mechanism of adhesion to a solid surface, S. mutans is capable of colonizing the oral cavity and also of forming bacterial biofilm. Additional properties enabling S. mutans to colonize the oral cavity include the ability to survive in an acidic environment and specific interaction with other microorganisms colonizing this ecosystem. This review is an attempt to establish which characteristics associated with biofilm formation--virulence determinants of S. mutans--are responsible for the development of dental caries. In order to extend the knowledge of the nature of Streptococcus infections, an attempt to face the following problems will be made: Biofilm formation as a complex process of protein-bacterium interaction. To what extent do microorganisms of the cariogenic flora exemplified by S. mutans differ in virulence determinants "expression" from microorganisms of physiological flora? How does the environment of the oral cavity and its microorganisms affect the biofilm formation of dominant species? How do selected inhibitors affect the biofilm formation of cariogenic microorganisms?
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Affiliation(s)
- W Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, UJCM 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland,
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Antibacterial effects of silver diamine fluoride on multi-species cariogenic biofilm on caries. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2013; 12:4. [PMID: 23442825 PMCID: PMC3599989 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-12-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has clinical success in arresting dentin caries, this study aimed to investigate its mechanism of action. Methods Using a computer-controlled artificial mouth, we studied the effect of 38% SDF on cariogenic biofilms and dentin carious lesions. We used five common cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Actinomyces naeslundii) to form a cariogenic biofilm that generated carious lesions with a depth of approximately 70 um on human dentin blocks. We applied 38% SDF to the lesions in the test group and water to those in the control group. The blocks were incubated in the artificial mouth for 21 days before evaluation. Microbial kinetics, architecture, viability and distribution were evaluated every 7 days using colony forming unit (CFU), scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The physical properties of the carious lesions were evaluated with microhardness testing, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). Results The CFU results revealed fewer colony forming units in the test group compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy showed less bacterial growth in the test group, and confluent cariogenic biofilm in the control group (p < 0.01). The microhardness and weight percentages of calcium and phosphorus in the test group from the outermost 50mum were higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). EDS showed that calcium and phosphous were higher in outer 50 mum in test groups than in the control FTIR revealed less exposed collagen I in the test lesions compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusions 38% SDF inhibits multi-species cariogenic biofilm formation on dentin carious lesions and reduces the demineralization process.
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