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Serrano AI, Aragoneses J, Suárez A, Rodríguez C, Aragoneses JM. Dental injury offenses and compensation imposed by Spanish courts, before and during Covid-19. A cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16653. [PMID: 37789176 PMCID: PMC10547675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries to the dentofacial region caused by third parties can affect physiological, sensory and esthetic functions with legal repercussions. The personal and social circumstances generated by Covid-19 and the governmental measures taken to control it, have increased the risk factors for violence and with it, the resulting injury rate. The aim of the present investigation was to compare the amount of civil liability for dental injury crimes agreed by Spanish courts, in certain Autonomous Communities, before and during the pandemic situation caused by Covid-19. For this purpose, a analytic cross-sectional study was carried out by analyzing sentences from the database of the Judicial Documentation Center. A comparison of means (one-way ANOVA) was used on the amount of compensation between the different years, and between the Autonomous Communities of Madrid, Catalonia Cataluña, Andalusia, the Canary Islands and the Valencian Community. It was observed that the year 2020 stood out for the increase in the number of cases of dental injury offenses. For its part, the Autonomous Community of Andalusia showed the highest amount of compensation during the pandemic, although the highest number of cases corresponded to the Community of Madrid. The statistical analysis yielded a probability of more than 0.05, which eliminated the possibility of significant differences in each of the comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Serrano
- Centro de Estudios Garrigues, Avenida Fernando Alonso nº 8, Alcobendas, Spain
| | - Javier Aragoneses
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Suárez
- Department of Preclinical Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cinthia Rodríguez
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Federico Henriquez y Carvajal, 10106, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
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Juncar M, Tent PA, Juncar RI, Harangus A, Mircea R. An epidemiological analysis of maxillofacial fractures: a 10-year cross-sectional cohort retrospective study of 1007 patients. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:128. [PMID: 33731083 PMCID: PMC7968332 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological data is providing vital indicators for organizing the financial resources related to a particular type of trauma, estimating expenses and training of dental practioners and ambulatory medical staff for collaboration with a certain pattern of patients. Knowing the etiology and epidemiology of a certain pathology is significant for approaching its means of prevention.
Methods
A 10-year retrospective statistical analysis of 1007 patients with maxillofacial fractures treated in a University Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Romania was performed. The data were extracted from patients’ medical records. Statistical analysis was performed. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The incidence of maxillofacial fractures was high among patients in the 20–29 age group (35.9%). Male patients (90.57%, M:F = 9.6:1), having a low level of education (46.60%) and living in urban areas (53.50%) were more affected. The main cause of maxillofacial fractures was interpersonal violence (59.37%), both in the mandibular and midface topographic regions (p = 0.001, p = 0.002). In urban areas, fractures caused by interpersonal violence and road traffic accidents were predominant, while in rural areas, most of the fractures were due to interpersonal violence, domestic accidents, work accidents and animal attacks (p = 0.001). Conclusions Interpersonal violence is the main cause of maxillofacial fractures having epidemic proportions. Male patients aged 20–29 years with a low level of education represent the major risk category. Considering the wide area of interpersonal aggression, both the medical staff in the hospital and in the dental offices must be educated in order to collaborate with possible violent patients. Dentists must be prepared to work on a post-traumatic dento-periodontal field. Taking all measures to prevent inter-human aggression is imperative and will lead to a major decrease in maxillofacial fractures and an overall increase of oral health in a population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01503-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Juncar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oradea, Romania, Str. Piața 1 Decembrie, no.10, 410073, Oradea, Romania
| | - Paul Andrei Tent
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oradea, Romania, Str. Piața 1 Decembrie, no.10, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Raluca Iulia Juncar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oradea, Romania, Str. Piața 1 Decembrie, no.10, 410073, Oradea, Romania
| | - Antonia Harangus
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rivis Mircea
- Discipline of Oral Surgery, 2nd Department of Dental Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041, Timisoara, Romania
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National Disparities in Insurance Coverage of Comprehensive Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Care. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e3237. [PMID: 33299703 PMCID: PMC7722556 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Comprehensive craniomaxillofacial trauma care includes correcting functional deficits, addressing acquired deformities and appearance, and providing psychosocial support. The aim of this study was to characterize insurance coverage of surgical, medical, and psychosocial services indicated for longitudinal facial trauma care and highlight national discrepancies in policy. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of insurance coverage was performed for treatment of common functional, appearance, and psychosocial facial trauma sequelae. Policies were scored for coverage (3), case-by-case coverage (2), no mention (1), and exclusion (0). The sum of points determined coverage scores for functional sequelae, acquired-appearance sequelae, and psychosocial sequelae, the sum of which generated a Comprehensive Coverage Score. Results: Medicaid earned lower comprehensive coverage scores and lower coverage scores for psychosocial sequelae than did private insurance (P = 0.02, P = 0.02). Medicaid CCSs were lowest in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Missouri. Private insurance CCSs and psychosocial sequelae were highest in Colorado and Delaware, and lowest in Wisconsin. Coverage scores for functional sequelae and for acquired-appearance sequelae were similar for Medicaid and private policies. Medicaid coverage scores were higher in states that opted into Medicaid expansion (P = 0.04), states with Democrat governors (P = 0.02), states with mandated paid leave (P = 0.01), and states with >40% total population living >400% above federal poverty (P = 0.03). Medicaid comprehensive coverage scores and coverage scores for psychosocial sequelae were lower in southeastern states. Private insurance coverage scores for functional sequelae and for ASCSs were lower in the Midwest. Conclusions: Insurance disparities in comprehensive craniomaxillofacial care coverage exist, particularly for psychosocial services. The disparities correlate with current state-level geopolitics. There is a uniform need to address national and state-specific differences in coverage from both Medicaid and private insurance policies.
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Lopes Sá CD, Silva PGDB, Correia ADM, Soares ECS, Bezerra TP, Melo RB, Bitú HDS, Costa FWG. Maxillofacial and dental-related injuries from a Brazilian forensic science institute: Victims and perpetrators characteristics and associated risk factors. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e736-e744. [PMID: 32913570 PMCID: PMC7474940 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trauma due to external causes represents one of the greatest challenges for public health services in different regions around the world. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of facial trauma, associated risk factors, and classification of body injuries in individuals who underwent forensic examination in a Brazilian center. Material and Methods Data were collected at the Ceará State Forensic Medicine unit in a 12-year period. Sociodemographic data related to the etiological agent and lesions resulting from the bodily injury were recorded. Results Among 1,031 physical injury exams, physical aggression (p<0.001), male victims aged between 21 and 30 years (p<0.001), salaried workers (p<0.001), and soft tissue and dentoalveolar injuries were significant findings. Regarding aggression, domestic violence was prevalent (p<0.001), perpetrated by the victim's partner (p<0.001), using a blunt instrument during the aggression (p<0.001), and directly associated with soft tissue injury (p<0.001). In traffic accidents, the most common type was motorcycle accident (p<0.001), on weekdays (p=0.036), at nighttime (p=0.134), showing a significant association with bone fractures (p=0.001). Conclusions Oral and maxillofacial injuries obtained from a Brazilian forensic science center were significantly associated with sociodemographic and etiological factors. Key words:Forensic dentistry, facial trauma, violence, public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos-Diego Lopes Sá
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Adjunct Professor, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Paulo-Goberlânio-de Barros Silva
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Adjunct Professor, Division of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University Center UNICHRISTUS, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Adriana-de Moraes Correia
- DDS, MSc. Postgraduate student, Division of Dental Forensic Science, School of Dentistry, University Center UNICHRISTUS, Fortaleza, Brazil. Forensic Odontologist, Perícia Forense do Estado do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. Professor, Division of Dental Forensic Science, School of Dentistry, University Center UNICHRISTUS, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Eduardo-Costa-Studart Soares
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Full Professor, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Tácio-Pinheiro Bezerra
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Professor, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Division of Dental Forensic Science, University Center UNICHRISTUS, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Radamés-Bezerra Melo
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Adjunct Professor, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Heide-Dos Santos Bitú
- DDS, Postgraduate student, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Fábio-Wildson-Gurgel Costa
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Adjunct Professor, Division of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Ţent PA, Juncar RI, Juncar M. Epidemiological Analysis of Zygomatic Bone Fractures in North-Western Romanian Population: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. In Vivo 2020; 34:2049-2055. [PMID: 32606181 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Midface fractures represent a challenge for medical practitioners due to the severe esthetic and functional consequences. This study aimed to determine the causes and to provide a demographic analysis of zygomatic bone fractures in our geographical area, with a view to implementing the necessary prevention methods, training the medical staff for a certain type of patients and decreasing the required costs. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective statistical epidemiological analysis of 242 patients with zygomatic bone fractures over a 10-year period was performed. RESULTS The most affected age group was 20-29 years (27.27%). The most affected were men (n=211, 87.19%) from urban areas (n=140, 57.85%), and without education (n=122, 50.41%). The most frequent cause was interpersonal violence (54.04%), followed by falls (17.36%) and road traffic accidents (16.53%). CONCLUSIONS Interpersonal violence as a cause of zygomatic bone fractures is currently reaching epidemic proportions. Taking legal measures to prevent aggression is a public health emergency that would considerably decrease the incidence of these fractures in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Andrei Ţent
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Raluca-Iulia Juncar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Mihai Juncar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Lian T, Fu Y, Sun M, Yin M, Zhang Y, Huang L, Huang J, Xu Z, Mao C, Ni J, Liu G. Effect of temperature on accidental human mortality: A time-series analysis in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province in China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8410. [PMID: 32439880 PMCID: PMC7242478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Health-risk assessments of temperature are central to determine total non-accidental human mortality; however, few studies have investigated the effect of temperature on accidental human mortality. We performed a time-series study combined with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to quantify the non-linear and delayed effects of daily mean temperature on accidental human mortality between 2013 and 2017 in Shenzhen, China. The threshold for effects of temperature on accidental human mortality occurred between 5.6 °C and 18.5 °C. Cold exposures, but not hot exposures, were significantly associated with accidental human mortality. All of the observed groups were susceptible to cold effects, with the strongest effects presented in females (relative risk [RR]: 3.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.44-6.84]), followed by poorly educated people (RR: 2.63, 95% CI [1.59-4.36]), males (RR: 1.79, 95% CI [1.10-2.92]), and well-educated people (RR: 1.20, 95% CI [0.58-2.51]). Pooled estimates for cold effects at a lag of 0-21 days (d) were also stronger than hot effects at a lag of 0-2 d. Our results indicate that low temperatures increased the risk of accidental human mortality. Females and poorly educated people were more susceptible to the low temperatures. These findings imply that interventions which target vulnerable populations during cold days should be developed to reduce accidental human mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Lian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Avenue Songshanhu District, Dongguan, 523000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingbin Fu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Road, Longzhu Avenue Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingwei Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Avenue Songshanhu District, Dongguan, 523000, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingjuan Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Avenue Songshanhu District, Dongguan, 523000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Avenue Songshanhu District, Dongguan, 523000, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Avenue Songshanhu District, Dongguan, 523000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxiao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Avenue Songshanhu District, Dongguan, 523000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziqian Xu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Road, Longzhu Avenue Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jindong Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Avenue Songshanhu District, Dongguan, 523000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Road, Longzhu Avenue Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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