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Malhotra RK, Manoharan N, Deo SS, Bhatnagar S. Demographical and Epidemiological Contribution to Cancer Incidence in Delhi and Its Trends from 1991-2015. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:1213-1222. [PMID: 38679980 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.4.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer incidences are rising worldwide, and India ranked third globally in cancer incidence as of 2020, according to estimates from GLOBOCAN. The three components that contributed to changes in cancer incidence include cancer-related risk factors, population size, and population structure. The present study aim is to derive the contribution of these factors to cancer incidence and to evaluate their trend from 1991 to 2015. METHODS The Data were extracted from the Delhi population-based cancer registry published reports. This longstanding registry covers nearly 100% of the Delhi population. The secular trends of cancer incidence from 1991-2015 were assessed for all sites combined as well as top-five cancer sites among males and females. Joinpoint regression and Riskdiff software were performed to assess the trend among the components of cancer incidence change. RESULTS Both males and females exhibited nearly equal age-standardised incidence rates over 25 years. Albeit, an overall trend in age-standardised rate was not significant for both sexes (0.68% for males and -0.16% for females) when considering all cancer sites combined. Lung, prostate, oral, and gallbladder cancer exhibits a significant rising trend in the age-standardised rates in males while in females only breast and endometrial cancer showed a rising trend. The cancer counts surged by 252% in males and 208.5% in females from 1991 to 2015. The population size component contributed a 180% increase in males and a 170% increase in females, respectively. The site-specific risk changes were more than 100% for the prostate, oral, and gallbladder cancers in males and endometrial cancer in females. The population structure (aging) contributed to rising cancer incidence varying from 35% to 60% in both genders. CONCLUSION A significant contribution to new cancer cases was observed due to a demographical shift in both population size and structure, in addition to plausible cancer-specific risk factors. This transformation could surge a potential burden on the Delhi healthcare system. Persistent endeavours are essential to expand and enhance the existing cancer care infrastructure to meet the rising demand driven by aging and population growth. Implementing a stringent population policy can help to mitigate the impact of population growth on cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kumar Malhotra
- Delhi Cancer Registry Dr. BRA IRCH All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi, India
| | - N Manoharan
- Delhi Cancer Registry Dr. BRA IRCH All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi, India
| | - Sv Suryanarayana Deo
- Delhi Cancer Registry Dr. BRA IRCH All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi, India
| | - Sushma Bhatnagar
- Delhi Cancer Registry Dr. BRA IRCH All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi, India
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Novakova L, Hedström AK, Axelsson M, Brandt AF, Alfredsson L, Olsson T, Lycke J. Medically unexplained symptoms are common in women in tertiary neurological healthcare center: A survey cohort study of persons investigated for suspected multiple sclerosis. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3459. [PMID: 38451005 PMCID: PMC10918608 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant proportion of individuals with suspicious onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) does not fulfill the diagnostic criteria. Although some receive other diagnoses, many remain undiagnosed and lack healthcare follow-up. This study aimed to characterize persons with undetermined diagnosis (PwUD) through a questionnaire. METHODS Incident cases with suspected MS were consecutively admitted to a tertiary neurological healthcare center in a prospective cohort study. Those who remained undiagnosed after 40 months (mean, range 31-52) were considered PwUD. They completed a modified questionnaire, previously used in a population-based case-control study of incident MS cases. Their responses were compared with two control cohorts, persons with MS (PwMS) and healthy controls, randomly selected from national registries, matched by age, gender, and area of residence. RESULTS Out of 271 patients with suspected MS onset, 72 (20.3%) were PwUD with a female majority (79%). The response rate was 83% and 39% reported persisting MS-like symptoms. Compared to controls (n = 548) and PwMS (n = 277), fewer PwUD were currently smoking (p = .4 and p = .03), consumed less alcohol (p = .04 and p = .01), and had children (p = .02 and p = .002). PwUD reported occurrence of other autoimmune disease in 29%, higher compared to PwMS and controls (p < .001 and p < .001). CONCLUSIONS UD is common among persons investigated for suspected MS, in particular among female parents. Our data suggest that PwUD can be characterized as nonsmokers with low alcohol consumption and a higher prevalence of autoimmune disease, in particular thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Novakova
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Neurology, Region Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - Anna Karin Hedström
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Markus Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Neurology, Region Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - Anne Frandsen Brandt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Neurology, Region Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Jan Lycke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Neurology, Region Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
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Ramezanzadeh H, Khosravi N, Hosseininejad SM, Mahmoodi M, Zakariaei Z, Sadeghi M. Epidemiological Aspects of Opioid Poisoning in Northern Iran: A Registry-Based Clinical Study. Health Serv Insights 2024; 17:11786329241232300. [PMID: 38406177 PMCID: PMC10893883 DOI: 10.1177/11786329241232300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioids are a class of drugs that are commonly used to manage pain due to their analgesic and sedative effects. However, the high consumption of opioids in the community has led to an increase in the incidence of overdoses and poisonings caused by various types of these drugs, whether intentional or unintentional. Therefore, comprehending the epidemiological features of patients experiencing opioid poisoning is crucial. We decided to investigate various epidemiological aspects of patients with opioid poisoning in the Mazandaran province, located in northern Iran, during the period of 2020 to 2021. The present investigation was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study, wherein we collected data on patients registered in the Mazandaran Registry Center of Opioid Poisoning (MRCOP) who had a history of using any kind of opioid. We collected information on various parameters, including patient demographics, the type of opioid consumed, the mode of consumption, and clinical outcomes. A total of 240 patients were initially registered at the registry center. However, 17 cases were excluded with personal consent, and eventually, a total of 223 patients were included in the investigation. The majority of the patients 70.9% (n = 158) were male, and the average age was 34.4 ± 16.55 years. The most common cause of poisoning reported in our study was intentional, which was mainly due to a suicide attempt. Furthermore, the most prevalent type of opioid consumed was methadone. The most frequently observed symptoms of poisoning among the patients were drowsiness, a decreased level of consciousness, and reduced arterial oxygen saturation levels. Based on the results of our study, several factors were found to be significant in methadone poisoning, including addiction, age, gender, suicide attempt, and a history of psychiatric disorder. These findings highlight the need for public education and awareness campaigns on the risks associated with opioid use, particularly methadone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ramezanzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Navid Khosravi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Mahboobe Mahmoodi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zakaria Zakariaei
- Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Division, Mazandaran Registry Center for Opioids Poisoning, Orthopedic Research Centers, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Ojha AK, Albert V, Sharma S, Hallur V, Singh G, Pamidimukkala U, Singh KJ, Kaur H, Karuna T, Savio J, Nath R, Xess I, Gupta P, Shetty A, Das M. Pan-Indian Clinical Registry of Invasive Fungal Infections Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: Protocol for a Multicentric Prospective Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e54672. [PMID: 38363632 PMCID: PMC10907932 DOI: 10.2196/54672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal infections are now a great public health threat, especially in those with underlying risk factors such as neutropenia, diabetes, high-dose steroid treatment, cancer chemotherapy, prolonged intensive care unit stay, and so on, which can lead to mycoses with higher mortality rates. The rates of these infections have been steadily increasing over the past 2 decades due to the increasing population of patients who are immunocompromised. However, the data regarding the exact burden of such infection are still not available from India. Therefore, this registry was initiated to collate systematic data on invasive fungal infections (IFIs) across the country. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study is to create a multicenter digital clinical registry and monitor trends of IFIs and emerging fungal diseases, as well as early signals of any potential fungal outbreak in any region. The registry will also capture information on the antifungal resistance patterns and the contribution of fungal infections on overall morbidity and inpatient mortality across various conditions. METHODS This multicenter, prospective, noninterventional observational study will be conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research through a web-based data collection method from 8 Advanced Mycology Diagnostic and Research Centers across the country. Data on age, gender, clinical signs and symptoms, date of admission, date of discharge or death, diagnostic tests performed, identified pathogen details, antifungal susceptibility testing, outcome, and so on will be obtained from hospital records. Descriptive and multivariate statistical methods will be applied to investigate clinical manifestations, risk variables, and treatment outcomes. RESULTS These Advanced Mycology Diagnostic and Research Centers are expected to find the hidden cases of fungal infections in the intensive care unit setting. The study will facilitate the enhancement of the precision of fungal infection diagnosis and prompt treatment modalities in response to antifungal drug sensitivity tests. This registry will improve our understanding of IFIs, support evidence-based clinical decision-making ability, and encourage public health policies and actions. CONCLUSIONS Fungal diseases are a neglected public health problem. Fewer diagnostic facilities, scanty published data, and increased vulnerable patient groups make the situation worse. This is the first systematic clinical registry of IFIs in India. Data generated from this registry will increase our understanding related to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of fungal diseases in India by addressing pertinent gaps in mycology. This initiative will ensure a visible impact on public health in the country. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/54672.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saurabh Sharma
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinaykumar Hallur
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar (AIIMS, Bhubaneswar), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (AIIMS-New Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Kh Jitenkumar Singh
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Tadepalli Karuna
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal (AIIMS-Bhopal), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jayanthi Savio
- St John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Reema Nath
- Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Immaculata Xess
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (AIIMS-New Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Gupta
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Shetty
- Parmanand Deepchand Hinduja Hospital (PD Hinduja Hospital), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Kulkarni V, Liu D, Gamsarian V, Grewal T, Sivesind T. Risk Factors Associated With Burden of Disease of Psoriasis From 1990 to 2019: Epidemiological Analysis. JMIR Dermatol 2024; 7:e48749. [PMID: 38358797 PMCID: PMC10905350 DOI: 10.2196/48749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Liu
- University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Vahram Gamsarian
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Torunn Sivesind
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Cha S, Bell L, Williams CM. The Relationship between Mushroom Intake and Cognitive Performance: An Epidemiological Study in the European Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk Cohort (EPIC-Norfolk). Nutrients 2024; 16:353. [PMID: 38337638 PMCID: PMC10857520 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The previous literature suggests that regular consumption of edible mushrooms may confer neuroprotective cognitive health benefits. To further investigate the possible association between mushrooms and brain function during ageing, data from a population-based study of diet and chronic disease (EPIC-Norfolk cohort) were analysed. Changes in mushroom intake were measured using a food frequency questionnaire at three health check (HC) points over an 18-year period, with participants categorised based on their consumption frequency. Cognitive performance was assessed at the final health check (3HC) via a battery of validated tests assessing a range of different cognitive domains. The findings revealed a significant reduction in mushroom intake over time, with 4.12% of the cohort giving up mushrooms after previously consuming them. At 3HC, mushroom consumers displayed better cognitive performance than non-consumers across multiple cognitive domains. This relationship was observed to be dose-dependent, with those consuming 1 or more portions per week showing the highest cognitive scores. These findings suggest that regular mushroom consumption may be beneficial for cognitive function during aging. Further randomised controlled trials will be needed to confirm any potential benefits of mushrooms on long-term cognitive health, alongside public health initiatives to promote mushroom consumption in this older-adult demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire M. Williams
- School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights Road, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6ES, UK; (S.C.); (L.B.)
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Onohuean H, Oosthuizen F. Multinational appraisal of the epidemiological distribution of opioid fatalities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1290461. [PMID: 38250280 PMCID: PMC10796457 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1290461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The global or multinational scientific evidence on the distribution of opioid fatality is unknown. Hence, the current study collects epidemiological characteristics to shed light on the ongoing global or multinational opioid crisis and to promote the development of public health prevention/management strategies. Method All documents on PRISMA standards were retrieved via electronic databases. Results Among the 47 articles relevant to our studies, which depict a total population size of 10,191 individuals, the prevalence of opioid fatal overdose was 15,022 (14.74%). Among the 47 articles, 14 of them reported the gender of the participants, with 22,125 (15.79%) male individuals and 7,235 (5.17%) female individuals, and the age distribution of the participants that was most affected by the overdose was as follows: 29,272 (31.13%) belonged to the 18-34-year-old age group and 25,316 (26.92%) belonged to the less than 18-year-old age group. Eighteen studies qualified for the meta-analysis of the multinational prevalence of fatal opioid overdose, depicting an overall pooled prevalence estimate of 19.66%, with 95% CIs (0.13-0.29), I2 = 99.76% determined using the random-effects model, and Q statistic of 7198.77 (p < 0.0001). The Egger test models of publication bias revealed an insubstantial level of bias (p = 0.015). The subgroup analysis of the study design (cohort or other) revealed that others have the highest prevalence estimate of 34.37, 95% CIs (0.1600-0.5901), I2 = 97.04%, and a sample size of less than 1,000 shows the highest prevalence of 34.66, 95% CIs (0.2039-0.5234), I2 = 97.82%, compared to that of more than 1,000 with a prevalence of 12.28, 95% CIs (0.0675-0.2131), I2 = 99.85%. The meta-regression analysis revealed that sample size (less-than or greater-than 1,000), (p = 0.0098; R2 = 3.83%) is significantly associated with the observed heterogeneity. Conclusion Research-based findings of fatal opioid overdose are grossly lacking in middle- and low-income nations. We established that there is a need for opioid fatality surveillance systems in developing nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Onohuean
- Biopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Frasia Oosthuizen
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Cikwanine JPB, Alumeti DM, John Mutendela K, Ise-Somo PK, Yoyu JT, Ciza PM, Raha M, Kalau WA. Epidemiological, clinical and prognosis aspects of acute generalized peritonitis in South-Kivu Province: descriptive observational study of 278 cases. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 47:1. [PMID: 38371644 PMCID: PMC10870158 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.1.38288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction the aim was to determine epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of acute generalized peritonitis (AGP). Methods we conducted an observational, cross-sectional and multicentre study over 2 years of 278 cases of acute generalized peritonitis operated in semi-urban and urban hospitals in South-Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Results the population of this study was young with a mean age was 28.9 ± 16.1 years with extremes of 1.3 years to 80 years with a sex ratio M: F of 0.8. Peritonitis aetiology was dominated by intestinal perforation 132 cases (47.4%), the admission time in 65, 5% was more than 72 hours. Acute abdominal pain was the most reason for consultation in 93.2% of cases, 11.9% of patients were in hypovolemic shock. In 40.6%, the treatment of patients consisted in intestinal resection with terminal anastomosis, or ileostomy in 32.7%. About the outcomes, 32.4% of the patients had a surgical reoperation and 15.8% of the digestive fistulas were reported. The average duration of the hospitalization was 23.4 ± 20.3 days. Morbidity rate was 14.7%. Conclusion the AGP remains one of the abdominal emergencies observed in different semi-urban and urban hospitals of the province of South-Kivu, causing some problems of medical and surgical management, starting from the delay of admission, the severity of the symptoms related to the etiology of the intestinal perforation. In all cases, AGP requires a well-executed resuscitation procedure and surgical technique to improve the prognosis and reduce mortality, which seems to be high in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Désiré Munyali Alumeti
- Department of Surgery, Evangelical University in Africa Panzi Hospital, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Prisca Kavira Ise-Somo
- Department of Surgery, Evangelical University in Africa Panzi Hospital, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jonathan Tunangoya Yoyu
- Department of Medical Works and Research, Progressive Medical Systems, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Maroyi Raha
- Department of Surgery, Evangelical University in Africa Panzi Hospital, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Willy Arung Kalau
- Department of Surgery, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Liu S, Lin Z, Wen S, Teng Y, Xie K, Huang Y. Epidemiological and CBCT characterizations of odontomas: A retrospective study of 87,590 subjects. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 38129744 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the epidemiological and three-dimensional (3D) radiological characterizations of odontomas, as well as the spatial relationship between odontomas and gubernaculum tracts (GT). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrieved the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of 87,590 patients. Dentition, location, type, diameter of the odontomas, width of the dental follicle (DF), the spatial relationship between the odontoma and GT, and the influence on adjacent teeth were evaluated. RESULTS Significant differences were found in age, dentition, location, Max/Min diameter, width of DF, impaction, retention, and root bending of adjacent teeth among different spatial relationships between the odontoma and GT (all p < 0.05), as well as in age, type and size, absence, impaction, malposition, and retention of adjacent teeth among different locations of odontomas (all p < 0.05). Compared to the odontomas without impaction, those with impaction had larger diameter (p < 0.05 in all directions). This statistically significant association was consistent for odontomas with malposition, while no similar result was observed in the maximum diameter. CONCLUSION Our findings provide the preliminary data for clinicians to comprehensively understand the incidence, radiographic characterizations and symptoms of odontoma in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zitong Lin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanhui Wen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuehui Teng
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaipeng Xie
- Department of Public Health, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhua Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zheng P, Wen Z, Liu Y, Wang Q. The spatiotemporal distribution and prognostic factors of Japanese encephalitis in Shanxi Province, China, 2005-2022. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1291816. [PMID: 38179427 PMCID: PMC10764619 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1291816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a naturally occurring localized disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus, which is spread by the Culex tritaeniorhynchus. China has a high rate of JE. Shanxi, located in North China, has a high prevalence of adult JE. Adult JE has more severe complications, mortality, and a higher disease burden, making it a public health issue. This retrospective study examined the dynamic epidemic changes, high-risk areas of JE, and clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of adult JE in Shanxi Province. The findings revealed that July to September was the primary epidemic season of JE and that JE cases were mainly in individuals over the age of 40. The incidence of JE from 2005 to 2022 demonstrated a positive spatial correlation with significant clustering characteristics, with high-incidence clusters in the south and southeast. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher cerebrospinal fluid pressure, higher white blood cell counts, higher neutrophil percentage, deep coma, and lower albumin were independent factors for poor prognosis of adult JE. The developed risk prediction model holds great promise in early prognosis assessment of patients, providing a basis for clinical decision-making and early clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiying Wen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qinying Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Magnusson BM, Koskinen LOD. Classification and Characterization of Traumatic Brain Injuries in the Northern Region of Sweden. J Clin Med 2023; 13:8. [PMID: 38202015 PMCID: PMC10780294 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of death and disability, the incidence of which in northern Sweden is not fully investigated. This study classifies and characterize epidemiological and demographic features of TBIs in a defined population in Umeå county, Sweden. Specifically, to evaluate frequencies of (1) intracranial lesions detected with computed tomography (CT), (2) need for emergency intervention, and (3) hospital admission, in minimal, mild, moderate, and severe TBI, respectively. METHODS The data were gathered from 4057 TBI patients visiting our emergency room (ER) during a two-year period (2015-2016), of whom 56% were men and approximately 95% had minimal TBIs (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), score 15). RESULTS Of all injuries, 97.8% were mild (GCS 14-15), 1.7% were moderate (GCS 9-13), and 0.5% were severe (GCS < 9). CT scans were performed on 46% of the patients, with 28% being hospitalized. A high annual TBI incidence of 1350 cases per 100,000 citizens was found. The mortality rate was 0.5% with the majority as expected in the elderly group (>80 years). CONCLUSIONS Minimal TBIs were not as mild as previously reported, with a relatively high frequency of abnormal CT findings and a high mortality rate. No emergency intervention was required in patients in the GCS 13-15 group with normal CT scans. These findings have implications for clinical practice in the ER with the suggestion to include biomarkers to reduce unnecessary CT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice M. Magnusson
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars-Owe D. Koskinen
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
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Tadesse BT, Khanam F, Ahmmed F, Liu X, Islam MT, Kim DR, Kang SS, Im J, Chowdhury F, Ahmed T, Aziz AB, Hoque M, Park J, Pak G, Jeon HJ, Zaman K, Khan AI, Kim JH, Marks F, Qadri F, Clemens JD. Association Among Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Status and Typhoid Risk in Urban Slums: Prospective Cohort Study in Bangladesh. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e41207. [PMID: 37983081 PMCID: PMC10696503 DOI: 10.2196/41207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Typhoid fever, or enteric fever, is a highly fatal infectious disease that affects over 9 million people worldwide each year, resulting in more than 110,000 deaths. Reduction in the burden of typhoid in low-income countries is crucial for public health and requires the implementation of feasible water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions, especially in densely populated urban slums. OBJECTIVE In this study, conducted in Mirpur, Bangladesh, we aimed to assess the association between household WASH status and typhoid risk in a training subpopulation of a large prospective cohort (n=98,087), and to evaluate the performance of a machine learning algorithm in creating a composite WASH variable. Further, we investigated the protection associated with living in households with improved WASH facilities and in clusters with increasing prevalence of such facilities during a 2-year follow-up period. METHODS We used a machine learning algorithm to create a dichotomous composite variable ("Better" and "Not Better") based on 3 WASH variables: private toilet facility, safe drinking water source, and presence of water filter. The algorithm was trained using data from the training subpopulation and then validated in a distinct subpopulation (n=65,286) to assess its sensitivity and specificity. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the protective effect of living in "Better" WASH households and in clusters with increasing levels of "Better" WASH prevalence. RESULTS We found that residence in households with improved WASH facilities was associated with a 38% reduction in typhoid risk (adjusted hazard ratio=0.62, 95% CI 0.49-0.78; P<.001). This reduction was particularly pronounced in individuals younger than 10 years at the first census participation, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.49 (95% CI 0.36-0.66; P<.001). Furthermore, we observed an inverse relationship between the prevalence of "Better" WASH facilities in clusters and the incidence of typhoid, although this association was not statistically significant in the multivariable model. Specifically, the adjusted hazard of typhoid decreased by 0.996 (95% CI 0.986-1.006) for each percent increase in the prevalence of "Better" WASH in the cluster (P=.39). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that existing variations in household WASH are associated with differences in the risk of typhoid in densely populated urban slums. This suggests that attainable improvements in WASH facilities can contribute to enhanced typhoid control, especially in settings where major infrastructural improvements are challenging. These findings underscore the importance of implementing and promoting comprehensive WASH interventions in low-income countries as a means to reduce the burden of typhoid and improve public health outcomes in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse
- Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Farhana Khanam
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Faisal Ahmmed
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Xinxue Liu
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Md Taufiqul Islam
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Deok Ryun Kim
- Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sophie Sy Kang
- Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Justin Im
- Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fahima Chowdhury
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnuva Ahmed
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Binte Aziz
- Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Masuma Hoque
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Juyeon Park
- Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gideok Pak
- Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon Jin Jeon
- Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Khalequ Zaman
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashraful Islam Khan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jerome H Kim
- Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Florian Marks
- Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Madagascar Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - John D Clemens
- Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Li Z, Xiong Y, Long J, Li T, Fu X, Yang S, Tian D, Zhao Y, Qi L. Resurgence of influenza during COVID-19 in Chongqing, China: A retrospective analysis. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29249. [PMID: 38009822 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the trends of influenza and the impact of public health and social measures (PHSMs) implemented during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period in Chongqing, China. Data from the China Influenza Surveillance Information System from January 2017 to June 2022 were extracted. Epidemiological characteristics (influenza-like illness [ILI] and ILI%) and virological characteristics (influenza positive rate and circulating (sub)types) of influenza were described and compared between the pre-COVID-19 period and the COVID-19 period. Our survey showed that the implementation of PHSMs during the COVID-19 period had a positive impact on reducing influenza transmission. However, influenza activity resurged in 2021-2022 as the PHSMs were eased. Children under 5 years old constituted the highest proportion of ILI cases. The overall influenza positive rate was 23.70%, with a higher rate observed during the pre-COVID-19 period (31.55%) compared to the COVID-19 period (13.68%). Influenza virus subtypes co-circulated and the predominant subtype varied each year, with influenza A subtypes predominated in 2018/2019, while influenza B/Victoria lineage dominated in 2020/2021. PHSMs are effective measures to mitigate the spread of influenza. The findings underscore the need for bolstering monitoring systems, advocating influenza vaccination, and implementing practical PHSMs to strengthen prevention and control measures against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhourong Li
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for High Pathogenic Microbes, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for High Pathogenic Microbes, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for High Pathogenic Microbes, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Fu
- Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dechao Tian
- Department of Biostatistics and Systems Biology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Qi
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for High Pathogenic Microbes, Chongqing, China
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Gandelin M, Tran PL, Chirpaz E, Jaffar-Bandjee MC, Traversier N, Machalek D, Bertolotti A. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections Among Participants Undergoing Chlamydia trachomatis Testing in Reunion Island (RUN-SurV-HPV Study): Protocol for a Prevalence Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e47379. [PMID: 37906221 PMCID: PMC10646676 DOI: 10.2196/47379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) induces various cancers, mainly cervical cancer but also anal and pharyngeal cancers. Reunion Island is a French department in the Indian Ocean. Due to the history of its settlement, the island's population has a wide variety of origins, and the population's sociodemographic characteristics differ from those of the French mainland. These characteristics make the island's population an original French population in its own right, particularly in terms of health. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Reunion Island are 10.4 per 100,000 and 4.4 per 100,000, respectively, both of which are much higher than those in mainland France. There is also a disparity in the prevalence of different HPV types, with types 33 and 52 being overrepresented and type 18 being underrepresented. However, vaccination and screening coverage in Reunion Island is low. It is important to understand the burden of infection and its risk factors in members of the young Reunionese population at risk of HPV infection to promote and evaluate the implementation of future vaccination and screening programs on a larger scale. OBJECTIVE The RUN-SurV-HPV study will have the following four objectives: (1) to describe the prevalence of HPV genotypes in a population at risk of sexually transmitted infections in Reunion Island; (2) to describe the prevalence of HPV genotypes by anatomical site, gender, and sexuality; (3) to describe the correlates and risk factors for HPV detection; and (4) to examine HPV genotypes between different anatomical sites. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses of 1200 routine vaginal, anal, pharyngeal, and urinary samples collected between October 2020 to December 2022 from female and male patients aged 16 to 30 years undergoing Chlamydia trachomatis testing at a sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing center at Reunion Island will be performed. The population included 333 women who all had vaginal and pharyngeal swabs, with 80 of them also having had an anal swab. There are 167 men who have sex with men who have had anal and pharyngeal swabs, and 120 men who have sex with women who have had a urine swab only. Results will be correlated with sociodemographic and clinical data collected routinely during the consultations. HPV detection and genotyping will be performed using the Anyplex II HPV28 detection assay (Seegene). RESULTS The first polymerase chain reactions should begin in November 2023. The first results should be submitted for publication in 2024. CONCLUSIONS The study will determine HPV prevalence by age, sex, male sexual preference, human immunodeficiency virus status, and STI co-infection. Collecting data from young patients not usually routinely screened for HPV infection will be a simple and reproducible way of better understanding local specificities, encouraging vaccination campaigns in the short-term, and evaluating their effectiveness in the future. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/47379.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Gandelin
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, Réunion
| | - Phuong Lien Tran
- Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, Réunion
| | - Emmanuel Chirpaz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1410, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, Réunion
- Registre des cancers de La Réunion, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, Réunion
| | | | - Nicolas Traversier
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Réunion, Saint Denis, Réunion
| | - Dorothy Machalek
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antoine Bertolotti
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, Réunion
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1410, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, Réunion
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Kattamis A, Voskaridou E, Delicou S, Klironomos E, Lafiatis I, Petropoulou F, Diamantidis MD, Lafioniatis S, Evliati L, Kapsali E, Karvounis‐Marolachakis K, Timotheatou D, Deligianni C, Viktoratos P, Kourakli A. Real-world complication burden and disease management paradigms in transfusion-related β-thalassaemia in Greece: Results from ULYSSES, an epidemiological, multicentre, retrospective cross-sectional study. EJHaem 2023; 4:569-581. [PMID: 37601860 PMCID: PMC10435690 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Patients with transfusion-dependent beta (β)-thalassaemia experience a broad range of complications. ULYSSES, an epidemiological, multicentre, retrospective cross-sectional study, aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of treatment and disease complications, capture disease management and identify predictors of complications in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia, treated in routine settings in Greece. Eligible patients were adults diagnosed with β-thalassaemia ≥12 months before enrolment and having received ≥6 red blood cell (RBC) units (excluding elective surgery) with no transfusion-free period ≥35 days in the 24 weeks before enrolment. Primary data were collected at a single visit and through chart review. Between Oct 21, 2019, and Jun 15, 2020, 201 eligible patients [median (interquartile range, IQR) age 45.7 (40.2-50.5) years; 75.6% > 40 years old; 64.2% female] were enrolled, a mean (standard deviation) of 42.9 (7.8) years after diagnosis. Median (IQR) age at diagnosis and RBC transfusion initiation were 0.8 (0.4-2.8) and 1.3 (1.0-5.0) years, respectively. From diagnosis to enrolment, patients had developed a median of six (range: 1-55) complications; 19.6% were grade ≥3. The most represented complications were endocrine/metabolic/nutrition disorders (91.5%), surgical/medical procedures (67.7%) and blood/lymphatic system disorders (64.7%). Real-world data generated by ULYSSES underscore the substantial complication burden of transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia patients, routinely managed in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Kattamis
- First Department of PediatricsThalassemia UnitNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Ersi Voskaridou
- Expertise Center in Rare Haematological Diseases‐HaemoglobinopathiesGeneral Hospital of Athens “Laikon”AthensGreece
| | - Sophia Delicou
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell UnitGeneral Hospital of Athens “Hippocrateion”AthensGreece
| | - Evangelos Klironomos
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell UnitGeneral Hospital of Heraklion “Venizelion”HeraklionGreece
| | - Ioannis Lafiatis
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell UnitGeneral Hospital of Mytilene “Vostanio”MytileneGreece
| | - Foteini Petropoulou
- Thalassemia UnitGeneral Hospital of Athens “Georgios Gennimatas”AthensGreece
| | - Michael D. Diamantidis
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease UnitGeneral Hospital of Larissa “Koutlimbaneio & Triantafylleio”LarissaGreece
| | - Stylianos Lafioniatis
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell UnitGeneral Hospital of Volos “Achilopouleio,”VolosGreece
| | - Loukia Evliati
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell UnitGeneral Hospital of Athens “Evaggelismos”AthensGreece
| | - Eleni Kapsali
- Department of HematologyUniversity Hospital of IoanninaIoanninaGreece
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra Kourakli
- Department of Internal MedicineHematology DivisionUniversity General Hospital of PatrasPatrasGreece
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Parker MA, Valdez D, Rao VK, Eddens KS, Agley J. Results and Methodological Implications of the Digital Epidemiology of Prescription Drug References Among Twitter Users: Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) Analyses. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e48405. [PMID: 37505795 PMCID: PMC10422173 DOI: 10.2196/48405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media is an important information source for a growing subset of the population and can likely be leveraged to provide insight into the evolving drug overdose epidemic. Twitter can provide valuable insight into trends, colloquial information available to potential users, and how networks and interactivity might influence what people are exposed to and how they engage in communication around drug use. OBJECTIVE This exploratory study was designed to investigate the ways in which unsupervised machine learning analyses using natural language processing could identify coherent themes for tweets containing substance names. METHODS This study involved harnessing data from Twitter, including large-scale collection of brand name (N=262,607) and street name (N=204,068) prescription drug-related tweets and use of unsupervised machine learning analyses (ie, natural language processing) of collected data with data visualization to identify pertinent tweet themes. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) with coherence score calculations was performed to compare brand (eg, OxyContin) and street (eg, oxys) name tweets. RESULTS We found people discussed drug use differently depending on whether a brand name or street name was used. Brand name categories often contained political talking points (eg, border, crime, and political handling of ongoing drug mitigation strategies). In contrast, categories containing street names occasionally referenced drug misuse, though multiple social uses for a term (eg, Sonata) muddled topic clarity. CONCLUSIONS Content in the brand name corpus reflected discussion about the drug itself and less often reflected personal use. However, content in the street name corpus was notably more diverse and resisted simple LDA categorization. We speculate this may reflect effective use of slang terminology to clandestinely discuss drug-related activity. If so, straightforward analyses of digital drug-related communication may be more difficult than previously assumed. This work has the potential to be used for surveillance and detection of harmful drug use information. It also might be used for appropriate education and dissemination of information to persons engaged in drug use content on Twitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Parker
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Danny Valdez
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Varun K Rao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Informatics, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Katherine S Eddens
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Jon Agley
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
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Zhu MH, Lin TN, Lin JH, Wen Q. Myopia among children and adolescents: an epidemiological study in Fuzhou City. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1161329. [PMID: 37384308 PMCID: PMC10293673 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1161329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide a reference for the prevention and control of myopia by analyzing and discussing the findings of an epidemiological survey of the prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents in Fuzhou City from 2019 to 2021. Methods Participants for this cross-sectional study were drawn from Gulou District and Minqing County in Fuzhou City using cluster random sampling to account for differences in population density, economic development, and other environmental variables. Results Myopia was more prevalent in 2020 than in 2019, but by 2021 it had dropped to about the same level as in 2019. Myopia was more prevalent among girls than boys during the course of the study period, with a three-year prevalence of 44.72% for boys and 52.16% for girls. Mild myopia accounted for 24.14% of all cases, followed by moderate myopia at 19.62%, and severe myopia at 4.58%. Students in urban regions had a prevalence of myopia equivalent to that of students in the suburbs, and this prevalence rose with age. Conclusion Myopia was quite prevalent among children and adolescents in Fuzhou City, and was shown to be steadily rising as students progressed through the school system. This suggests that all levels of government, educational institutions, medical facilities, and concerned parents in Fujian Province should focus on the issue of myopia and collaborate to reduce the risk factors for the development of myopia in school-aged participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-hong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huaqiao University Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Tai-nan Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Governmental Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Jing-hua Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Governmental Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Governmental Hospital, Fujian, China
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18
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Kaygusuz TÖ, Tartar AS, Balin ŞÖ, Akbulut A, Demirdağ K. Predictive epidemiological, clinical and laboratory parameters in the diagnosis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Biomark Med 2023; 17:533-540. [PMID: 37791843 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to determine predictive parameters that can be used in the differential diagnosis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) and other diseases with similar clinical and laboratory findings. Materials & methods: In this study, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory parameters of 107 CCHF-positive and 71 CCHF-negative patients were compared. Results: Alanine amino transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, red blood cell, hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly higher in CCHF-positive patients, whereas total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, international normalization ratio, white blood cell, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were higher in CCHF-negative patients. In binary logistic regression analysis, an increase in activated partial thromboplastin time level was identified as an independent predictor of having CCHF, while alanine amino transferase, white blood cell and C-reactive protein elevations were identified as independent predictors of not having CCHF. Conclusion: In endemic areas where PCR and serological tests are delayed, knowing the predictive parameters may be of vital importance in the early diagnosis of CCHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Türkkan Ö Kaygusuz
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ayşe S Tartar
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Şafak Ö Balin
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Akbulut
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Kutbeddin Demirdağ
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Fink DS, Keyes KM, Branas C, Cerdá M, Gruenwald P, Hasin D. Understanding the differential effect of local socio-economic conditions on the relation between prescription opioid supply and drug overdose deaths in US counties. Addiction 2023; 118:1072-1082. [PMID: 36606567 PMCID: PMC10175115 DOI: 10.1111/add.16123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Both local socio-economic conditions and prescription opioid supply are associated with drug overdose deaths, which exhibit substantial geographical heterogeneity across the United States. We measured whether the associations of prescription opioid supply with drug overdose deaths vary by local socio-economic conditions. DESIGN Ecological county-level study, including 3109 US counties between 2006 and 2019 (n = 43 526 county-years) using annual mortality data. SETTING United States. CASES A total of 711 447 drug overdose deaths. MEASUREMENTS We modeled overdose counts using Bayesian hierarchical Poisson models, estimating associations between four types of drug overdose deaths (deaths involving any drugs, any opioid, prescription opioids only and heroin), prescription opioid supply and five socio-economic indicators: unemployment, poverty rate, income inequality, Rey index (components include mean household income, % high school graduates, % blue-collar workers and unemployment rate), and American human development index (HDI; an indicator of community wellbeing). FINDINGS Drug overdose deaths and all substance-specific overdose deaths were higher in counties with higher income inequality [adjusted odds ratios (aORs) = 1.09-1.13], Rey index (aORs = 1.15-1.21) and prescription opioid supply (aORs = 1.14-1.21), and lower in counties with higher HDI scores (aORs = 0.75-0.92). Poverty rate, income inequality and HDI scores were found to modify the effect of prescription opioid supply on heroin overdose deaths. The plot of the interactions showed that when disadvantage is high, increasing prescription opioid supply does not increase heroin overdose deaths. The less disadvantage there is, indicated by lower poverty rates, higher HDI scores and lower income inequality, the greater the effect of increasing prescription opioid supply relative to population size on heroin overdose deaths in US counties. CONCLUSIONS In the United States, prescription opioid supply is associated with higher drug overdose deaths; associations are stronger in counties with less disadvantage and less income inequality, but only for heroin overdose deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Fink
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Charles Branas
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Magdalena Cerdá
- Department of Population Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Gruenwald
- Prevention Research Centre, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Hasin
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Houngbégnon P, Nouatin O, Yadouléton A, Hounkpatin B, Fievet N, Atindégla E, Dechavanne S, Guichet E, Ayouba A, Pelloquin R, Maman D, Thaurignac G, Peeters M, Aviansou A, Sourakafou S, Delaporte E, Massougbodji A, Cottrell G. Interest of seroprevalence surveys for the epidemiological surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in African populations: Insights from the ARIACOV project in Benin. Trop Med Int Health 2023. [PMID: 37243412 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveys since the end of 2020 have disqualified the first misconception that Africa had been spared by the pandemic. Through the analysis of three SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveys carried out in Benin as part of the ARIACOV project, we argue that the integration of epidemiological serosurveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the national surveillance packages would be of great use to refine the understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. METHODS We carried out three repeated cross-sectional surveys in Benin: two in Cotonou, the economic capital in March and May 2021, and one in Natitingou, a semi-rural city in the north of the country in August 2021. Total and weighted-by-age-group seroprevalences were estimated and the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS In Cotonou, a slight increase in overall age-standardised SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence from 29.77% (95% CI: 23.12%-37.41%) at the first survey to 34.86% (95% CI: 31.57%-38.30%) at the second survey was observed. In Natitingou, the globally adjusted seroprevalence was 33.34% (95% CI: 27.75%-39.44%). A trend of high risk for SARS-CoV 2 seropositivity was observed in adults over 40 versus the young (less than 18 years old) during the first survey in Cotonou but no longer in the second survey. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that, however, rapid organisation of preventive measures aimed at breaking the chains of transmission, they were ultimately unable to prevent a wide spread of the virus in the population. Routine serological surveillance on strategic sentinel sites and/or populations could constitute a cost-effective compromise to better anticipate the onset of new waves and define public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Odilon Nouatin
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Anges Yadouléton
- Laboratoire des Fièvres Hémorragiques Virales et des Arbovirus du Bénin, Ministère de la Santé, Cotonou, Benin
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou, Université Nationale des Sciences Technologies, Ingénierie et Mathématiques, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | | | - Nadine Fievet
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Eloïc Atindégla
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Sébastien Dechavanne
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Emilande Guichet
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Ahidjo Ayouba
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Raphaël Pelloquin
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Guillaume Thaurignac
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Peeters
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Eric Delaporte
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Gilles Cottrell
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, MERIT, Paris, France
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21
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Hou S, Zhang N, Liu J, Li H, Liu X, Liu T. Epidemiological Characteristics and Risk Factors of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Yantai City, Shandong Province. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad141. [PMID: 37065987 PMCID: PMC10096902 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To better understand the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors associated with the incidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Yantai City, Shandong Province, China. Methods The SFTS data from 2010 to 2019 were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System, and visualization was performed using ArcGIS 10. A community-based, 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for SFTS in Yantai City. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect detailed information about the demographics and risk factors for SFTSV infection. Results A total of 968 laboratory-confirmed SFTS cases were reported, 155 (16.01%) of which were fatal. The SFTS epidemic curve revealed that most cases occurred from May to August, accounting for 77.27% of all studied cases. The SFTS cases were mainly distributed in Lai Zhou, Penglai, Zhaoyuan, Haiyang, and Qixia from 2010 to 2019 (accounting for 83.47% of all cases). No differences in demographics were observed between the cases and controls. In the multivariate analysis, presence of rats in the household (odds ratio [OR] = 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.94-4.30), bitten by the ticks 1 month before the onset of symptoms (OR = 15.97, 95% CI = 5.36-47.60), and presence of weeds and shrubs around the house (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.12-2.60) were found to be the risk factors for SFTS. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that ticks are important vectors of the SFTS virus. Education on SFTS prevention and personal hygiene should be imparted in high-risk populations, especially among outdoor workers living in SFTS-endemic areas, while vector management should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, Shandong Province, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Haiwen Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Zhaoyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, Shandong Province, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xiuwei Liu
- Correspondence: Xiuwei Liu, MM, Department of Infectious Disease Control, Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Fuhou Rd., Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, P. R. China (); Tao Liu, MM, Department of Infectious Disease Control, Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Fuhou Rd., Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, P. R. China (.)
| | - Tao Liu
- Correspondence: Xiuwei Liu, MM, Department of Infectious Disease Control, Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Fuhou Rd., Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, P. R. China (); Tao Liu, MM, Department of Infectious Disease Control, Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Fuhou Rd., Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, P. R. China (.)
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22
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Mausz J, Donnelly EA. Violence Against Paramedics: Protocol for Evaluating 2 Years of Reports Through a Novel, Point-of-Event Reporting Process. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e37636. [PMID: 36928257 PMCID: PMC10131719 DOI: 10.2196/37636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against paramedics has been described as a serious public health problem with the potential for significant physical and psychological harm, but the organizational culture within the profession encourages paramedics to consider violence as just "part of the job." Therefore, most incidents of violence are never formally documented. This limits the ability of researchers and policy makers to develop strategies that mitigate the risk and enhance paramedic safety. OBJECTIVE Following the development and implementation of a novel, point-of-event violence reporting process in February 2021, our objectives are to (1) estimate the prevalence of violence and generate a descriptive profile for incidents of reported violence; (2) identify potentially high-risk service calls based on characteristics of calls that are generally known to the responding paramedics at the point of dispatch; and (3) explore underpinning themes, including intolerance based on gender, race, and sexual orientation, that contribute to incidents of violence. METHODS Our work is situated in a single paramedic service in Ontario, Canada. Using a convergent parallel mixed methods approach, we will retrospectively review 2 years of quantitative and qualitative data gathered from the External Violence Incident Report (EVIR) system from February 1 2021 through February 28, 2023. The EVIR is a point-of-event reporting mechanism embedded in the electronic patient care record (ePCR) developed through an extensive stakeholder engagement process. When completing an ePCR, paramedics are prompted to file an EVIR if they experienced violence on the call. Our methods include using descriptive statistics to estimate the prevalence of violence and describe the characteristics of reported incidents (Objective 1), logistic regression modeling to identify high-risk service calls (Objective 2), and qualitative content analysis of incident report narratives to identify underpinning themes that contribute to violence (Objective 3). RESULTS As of January 1, 2023, 377 paramedics-approximately 1 in 5 active-duty paramedics in the service-have filed a total of 975 violence reports. Early analysis suggests 40% of reports involved a physical assault on the reporting paramedic. Our team is continuing to collect data with more fulsome analyses beginning in March 2023. Our findings will provide much-needed epidemiological data on the prevalence of violence against paramedics in a single paramedic service, its contributing themes, and potential risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings will contribute to a growing body of literature demonstrating that violence against paramedics is a complex problem that requires a nuanced understanding of its scope, risk factors, and contributing circumstances. Collectively, our research will inform larger, multisite prospective studies already in the planning stage and inform organizational strategies to mitigate the risk of harm from violence. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/37636.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Mausz
- Peel Regional Paramedic Services, Brampton, ON, Canada
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23
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Liu J, Chen Z, Hu L, Song Z, Mo R, Tsang LSL, Liu Y, Huang X, Gong Z, Lin Z, Yang Y. Investigation of Nagashima-type palmoplantar keratoderma in China: A cross-sectional study of 234 patients. J Dermatol 2023; 50:375-382. [PMID: 36317385 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nagashima-type palmoplantar keratoderma (NPPK) is the most prevalent hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) in China, but there is a paucity of epidemiological data on the Chinese population. To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics, evaluate the demographic distribution, and estimate the burden of disease of NPPK. A total of 234 Chinese patients with NPPK were enrolled from two medical centers and an online PPK support group. Next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to screen out and confirm pathogenic mutations in SERPINB7. Clinical features and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated using self-completed questionnaires. In total, 14 pathogenic mutations were identified in SERPINB7 from the cohort. The top four recurrent mutations were c.796C>T (355, 75.9%), c.522dupT (66, 14.1%), c.650_653delCTGT (24, 5.1%), and c.455G>T (12, 2.6%), accounting for 97.6% of Chinese NPPK patients. Other mutations (11, 2.4%) include c.455-1G>T, c.336+2T>G, c.635delG and seven novel mutations c.2T>C, c.434delG, c.455-16A>G, c.656T>C, c.745-553T>G, c.832C>T, c.1036G>T. The estimated prevalence of NPPK in China was found to be 0.975/10 000 based on Chinese databases. Clinically, there were no apparent genotype-phenotype correlations in NPPK patients. Pediatric patients mainly presented with palmoplantar peeling, while adults presented with scale (p < 0.001). The most common comorbidities in NPPK patients were onychomycosis (40.0%), eczema (36.8%), and tinea pedis (30.3%). As for burden of disease, NPPK patients' QOL was decreased by a moderate degree. In this study, pathogenic mutations' allele frequencies in SERPINB7 were updated, and prevalence of NPPK in China was estimated. This large-scale cohort study provides evidence-based recommendations for patient management. Identification of new mutations are important for timely diagnosis of NPPK. Palmoplantar peeling in children can be used as a hallmark for early recognition of NPPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Linghan Hu
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongya Song
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Mo
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Lemuel Shui-Lun Tsang
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yihe Liu
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuoqing Gong
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimiao Lin
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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24
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Mozaffari S, Heibati B, Jaakkola MS, Lajunen TK, Kalteh S, Alimoradi H, Nazari M, Karimi A, Jaakkola JJK. Effects of occupational exposures on respiratory health in steel factory workers. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1082874. [PMID: 36866091 PMCID: PMC9971494 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1082874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The steel factory work environment contains various chemical exposures that can affect indoor air quality and have impact on respiratory health of the workers. Aims The objective of this study was to assess potential effects of occupational exposures in steel factory workers in Iran on the respiratory symptoms, occurrence and the lung function levels. Method This was a cross-sectional study of 133 men working in a steel factory forming the exposed group and 133 male office workers forming the reference group from a steel company in Iran. The participants filled in a questionnaire and underwent spirometry. Work history was used both as dichotomous (exposed/reference) and a quantitative measure of exposure, the latter measured as duration of exposure in the specified work (in years) for the exposed group and zero for the reference group. Results Multiple linear regression and Poisson regression were used to adjust for confounding. In Poisson regression analyses, an increased prevalence ratio (PR) of all respiratory symptoms was observed in the exposed group. Lung function parameters were significantly reduced in the exposed group (p < 0.001). There was a dose-response relation between duration of occupational exposures and reduction in the predicted value of FEV1/FVC level (0.177, 95% CI -0.198 to -0.156) in all models. Conclusion The results of these analyses showed that occupational exposures in steel factory work increase the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and reduce lung function. Safety training and workplace conditions were found to need improvement. In addition, use of proper personal protective equipment is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Mozaffari
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Heibati
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maritta S. Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina K. Lajunen
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Safa Kalteh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Alimoradi
- Esfahan Steel Company and Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahsa Nazari
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Karimi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Ali Karimi ✉
| | - Jouni J. K. Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Atmospheric Composition Research Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland,Jouni J. K. Jaakkola ✉
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Passos-Castilho AM, Udhesister STP, Fontaine G, Jeong D, Dickie M, Lund C, Russell R, Kronfli N. The 11th Canadian Symposium on Hepatitis C Virus: 'Getting back on track towards hepatitis C elimination'. Can Liver J 2023; 6:56-69. [PMID: 36908576 PMCID: PMC9997521 DOI: 10.3138/canlivj-2022-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects approximately 204,000 Canadians. Safe and effective direct-acting antiviral therapies have contributed to decreased rates of chronic HCV infection and increased treatment uptake in Canada, but major challenges for HCV elimination remain. The 11th Canadian Symposium on Hepatitis C Virus took place in Ottawa, Ontario on May 13, 2022 as a hybrid conference themed 'Getting back on track towards hepatitis C elimination.' It brought together research scientists, clinicians, community health workers, patient advocates, community members, and public health officials to discuss priorities for HCV elimination in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which had devastating effects on HCV care in Canada, particularly on priority populations. Plenary sessions showcased topical research from prominent international and national researchers, complemented by select abstract presentations. This event was hosted by the Canadian Network on Hepatitis C (CanHepC), with support from the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and in partnership with the Canadian Liver Meeting. CanHepC has an established record in HCV research and in advocacy activities to address improved diagnosis and treatment, and immediate and long-term needs of those affected by HCV infection. The Symposium addressed the remaining challenges and barriers to HCV elimination in priority populations and principles for meaningful engagement of Indigenous communities and individuals with living and lived experience in HCV research. It emphasized the need for disaggregated data and simplified pathways for creating and monitoring interventions for equitably achieving elimination targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Passos-Castilho
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sasha Tejna Persaud Udhesister
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montré (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Fontaine
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dahn Jeong
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melisa Dickie
- Community Health Programming, CATIE, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Rodney Russell
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Nadine Kronfli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Lu S, Wang L, Luo W, Wang G, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Gao H, Fu C, Ren J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Analysis of the epidemiological status, microbiology, treatment methods and financial burden of hematogenous osteomyelitis based on 259 patients in Northwest China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1097147. [PMID: 36686458 PMCID: PMC9846127 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1097147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of hematogenous osteomyelitis is on the rise, and the prognosis is poor. There has been no large-scale epidemiological analysis of hematogenous osteomyelitis in the world, and the treatment method is still controversial. Methods A retrospective case study method was used to collect and analyze clinical data obtained from patients with hematogenous osteomyelitis in a tertiary hospital in Northwest China from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2020. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological status, microbiological characteristics, treatment and financial burden of hematogenous osteomyelitis in Northwest China to explore the therapeutic effects of different treatment methods, elucidate the epidemiological characteristics of hematogenous osteomyelitis and to provide a basis for the choice of treatment. Results We included 259 patients with hematogenous osteomyelitis, including 96 patients with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and 163 patients with chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis. The cause of the disease was not obvious in most patients, the sex ratio of males to females was 1.98, and the three most common infected sites were the tibia, femur and phalanx. Regarding preoperative serum inflammatory markers, the rate of positivity for ESR was the highest at 67.58%. Among pathogenic microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common. Regarding the financial burden, the median total cost per patient was 25,754 RMB, and medications accounted for the largest proportion of the main costs. Conclusions The most common pathogen associated with HO infection was MSSA. Oxacillin has good PK and PD and is recommended as the first-line drug. Some blood-borne bone infections may lead to complications, such as pulmonary infection through bacteremia, which requires early detection to avoid a missed diagnosis. Regarding surgical intervention, debridement plus absorbable calcium sulfate bone cement and calcium sulfate calcium phosphate bone cement exclusion have achieved good therapeutic effects, but they are worthy of further in-depth research. Regarding the financial burden, the median total cost per patient was 25,754 RMB. The financial burden of blood-borne osteomyelitis was lower than that of traumatic osteomyelitis. Among the main costs, drugs accounted for the largest proportion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaikun Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Linhu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunyan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Congxiao Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Rajab BS. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological, Clinical, and Imaging Features. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e250822208003. [PMID: 36028969 PMCID: PMC10201901 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220825153725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic review was performed to deliver a critical view of clinical and research practice on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Saudi Arabia. Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched for original articles reporting clinical and/or imaging findings among HCM patients in Saudi Arabia. Of 559 records identified, 3 studies and 1 abstract were included, involving 169 patients. METHODS The mean age ranged between 40and 56 years, up to 93.3% were males. A family history of HCM was reported in one study (5%), and sudden cardiac death was investigated in two studies (9% and 13%). Dyspnea was the most frequent symptom (60-68.7%) reported, followed by chest pain (12.5%-73.3%). RESULTS Regarding complications, atrial fibrillation was reported among 0-25% of the patients, mitral regurgitations among 13.3-50%, and ventricular tachycardia among 5-12.5%. Imaging parameters were inadequately documented and suggested a high prevalence of left atrial enlargement, SVI + RV5 > 35 mm, blocks, and asymmetric septal hypertrophy. CONCLUSION The ejection fraction was reported by two studies with a mean±SD of 68±13% and 77.2±8.07%. The researchers stress the paucity, low quality, and disparity in time of original studies about HCM in Saudi Arabia and recommend conducting national multicenter studies, with appropriate design, notably using screening-based recruitment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodour S. Rajab
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia
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Das S, Bandyopadhyay S, Sawant S, Chaudhuri S. The epidemiological and mycological profile of superficial mycoses in india from 2015 to 2021: A systematic review. Indian J Public Health 2023; 67:123-135. [PMID: 37039217 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_987_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The epidemiological and mycological patterns of superficial mycoses across various geographic regions of India across the last few years are changing. Objective This study was performed to evaluate the epidemiological and mycological profile of superficial mycoses in India between 2015 and 2021. Methods In this systematic review, the PubMed database was searched for all observational studies published between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2021, which had evaluated the clinico-mycological profile of superficial mycoses among outpatients from various parts of India. Descriptive statistics was used to represent the results. Results Forty studies (21 from the north, three from the northeast, five from the east, seven from the south, one from the west, and three from multiple regions of India) were included. Male patients and those of the age group of 21-40 years were most commonly affected. The proportion of dermatophytes as causative organisms was consistently high across all regions and throughout the study period (23.6%-100%). Among dermatophytes, the proportion of Trichophyton mentagrophyte (14.0%-97.2%) and Trichophyton rubrum (0%-69.1%) was consistently high across all regions. The prevalence of T. mentagrophyte showed a rising trend, while that T. rubrum showed a declining trend from 2015 to 2021. Conclusions The epidemiological and mycological pattern of superficial mycoses showed a fairly similar trend across various regions of India from 2015 to 2021. Dermatophytes were the main causative agents of superficial mycoses; the most common species were T. mentagrophyte and T. rubrum. A rising trend of T. Mentagrophyte infection was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saibal Das
- Scientist D (Medical), Indian Council of Medical Research - Centre for Ageing and Mental Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Doctoral Student, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanjib Bandyopadhyay
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanket Sawant
- Independent Pharmacologist, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sirshendu Chaudhuri
- Assistant Professor, Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Gu L, Lou L, Zhang J, Zhang K. The clinical characteristics and risk factors for severe COVID-19 in patients with COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1061879. [PMID: 36619998 PMCID: PMC9817148 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1061879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Under the wave of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant Omicron epidemic, the number of infectious cases has increased dramatically in Jilin Province, China since March 2022.The clinical features and severity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in tuberculosis (TB) patients are not yet clear. Methods Data were obtained from 153 patients with the Omicron variant and TB coinfection and 153 non-TB COVID-19 patients who had been hospitalized at Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital from March to June 2022. Results Among these coinfection patients, 17 patients showed COVID-19-related pneumonia on chest imaging and 11 were diagnosed with severe COVID-19. The median duration of SARS-CoV-2 clearance was 13 days. The negative conversion time was associated with age, COVID-19-related pneumonia and antibody IgG. A higher white blood cell count, a lower lymphocyte percentage, a higher CRP level, and a higher D-dimer level were found in the severe group. Age and increased PCT were individual risk factors for the severity of COVID-19. Compared with the non-TB patients, the coinfection patients had higher severity of COVID-19 and the elder coinfection patients had a longer negative conversion time. Conclusion This study found an association between age, pneumonia, antibody IgG and RNA negative conversion time in COVID-19 and TB coinfection patients, and age and increased PCT were risk factors for the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Gu
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lixin Lou
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, China,Jian Zhang,
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Kaiyu Zhang,
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Albalawi O, Almubark R, Almarshad A, Alqahtani AS. The Prevalence of Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies and High Levels of Non-Essential Heavy Metals in Saudi Arabian Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10. [PMID: 36553939 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the micronutrient status of a population is of high national priority, as it critically impacts public health, limited data is available for quantifying the micronutrient status in Saudi Arabia. We aimed to provide comprehensive, epidemiological, descriptive data regarding micronutrient levels in Saudi adults. This cross-sectional study included 3432 adults aged ≥18 years (mean age, 37.7 ± 11.7 years; women, 51.2%) across all 13 Saudi administrative regions (March 2019-November 2021). Laboratory data for 14 micronutrients (8 vitamins, 4 minerals, and 2 nonessential heavy metals) were characterized using descriptive analysis. Vitamin D deficiency (64.3%) was the most prevalent, followed by vitamin B2 (44.9%) and A (9.6%) deficiencies. Among minerals, iron deficiency was the most prevalent (23.2%), followed by zinc (15.3%) and copper (8.7%) deficiencies. Most Saudi adults exhibited normal arsenic (99.7%) and mercury (99.9%) levels. Men exhibited significantly higher vitamin B2, B9, and D deficiencies than women, while women exhibited higher vitamin A, B12, iron, and zinc deficiencies than men. Younger adults demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of vitamin D and iron deficiencies, whereas older adults exhibited a higher prevalence of vitamin B1 and magnesium deficiencies. As micronutrient deficiencies are a public health concern, health policies and programs need to be developed and implemented to address them.
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Wang Y, Xiao S, Ren J, Zhang Y. Analysis of the epidemiological burden of acne vulgaris in China based on the data of global burden of disease 2019. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:939584. [PMID: 36267619 PMCID: PMC9577006 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.939584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, which has brought an increasing disease burden to patients and society. But there is no systematic study on the disease burden and social development of acne vulgaris in China. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological burden and trend of acne vulgaris in China from 1990 to 2019 based on the data in the global burden of disease 2019 (GBD 2019). The number of incidences/illnesses, age-standardized incidence/prevalence rates, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and DALY rate of acne vulgaris in China from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the GBD 2019 to evaluate the epidemiological trends and age-period-cohort trends. The associations between disease burden and social development degrees were analyzed using a sociodemographic index. In 2019, the age-standardized prevalence and incidence of acne vulgaris in China were both at low levels in the world. From 1990 to 2019, the prevalent cases and incident cases of acne vulgaris in China rose firstly and then fell (peaked in 2005 and 2003, respectively), and the age-standardized prevalence/incidence/DALY rates showed growth trends continuously. The prevalence of acne vulgaris peaked in the 15–19 age group while the incidence peak age was 10–14 years old and there was an obvious gender difference, females were higher than males. With the increase of sociodemographic index (SDI) value, the morbidity of acne vulgaris showed a linear growth trend (P < 0.05). From 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of acne vulgaris is increasing in China, which is correlated with social and medical development. Active research on the epidemiological data of acne vulgaris and its relationship with the level of social development is important for both the diagnosis and treatment of acne vulgaris and for the development of health policies.
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Gao L, Zheng C, Shi Q, Wang L, Tia A, Ngobeh J, Liu Z, Dong X, Li Z. Multiple introduced lineages and the single native lineage co-driving the four waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in West Africa. Front Public Health 2022; 10:957277. [PMID: 36187679 PMCID: PMC9521358 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.957277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a vast burden on public health and socioeconomics in West Africa, but the epidemic situation is unclear. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the positive rate, death rate, and diversity of SARS-CoV-2. As of March 31, 2022, a total of 894,813 cases of COVID-19 have been recorded, with 12,028 deaths, both of which were distributed in all 16 countries. There were four waves of COVID-19 during this period. Most cases were recorded in the second wave, accounting for 34.50% of total cases. These data suggest that although West Africa seems to have experienced a low and relatively slow spread of COVID-19, the epidemic was ongoing, evolving with each COVID-19 global pandemic wave. Most cases and most deaths were both recorded in Nigeria. In contrast, the fewest cases and fewest deaths were reported, respectively, in Liberia and Sierra Leone. However, high death rates were found in countries with low incidence rates. These data suggest that the pandemic in West Africa has so far been heterogeneous, which is closely related to the infrastructure of public health and socioeconomic development (e.g., extreme poverty, GDP per capita, and human development index). At least eight SARS-CoV-2 variants were found, namely, Delta, Omicron, Eta, Alpha, Beta, Kappa, Iota, and Gamma, which showed high diversity, implicating that multiple-lineages from different origins were introduced. Moreover, the Eta variant was initially identified in Nigeria and distributed widely. These data reveal that the COVID-19 pandemic in the continent was co-driven by both multiple introduced lineages and a single native lineage. We suggest enhancing the quarantine measures upon entry at the borders and implementing a genome surveillance strategy to better understand the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Canjun Zheng
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Freetown, Sierra Leone,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Alie Tia
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Jone Ngobeh
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Freetown, Sierra Leone,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhiguo Liu
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Xiaoping Dong
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Zhenjun Li
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Alshami ML, Aswad F, Abdullah B. A clinical and demographic analysis of oral pemphigus vulgaris: A retrospective cross-sectional study from 2001 to 2021. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e832. [PMID: 36172301 PMCID: PMC9470012 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune vesiculobullous mucocutaneous disorder with life-threatening consequences. Early detection and adequate care are crucial for a good prognosis. This study aimed to determine the demographic data, clinical features, and the prognosis of patients with oral pemphigus vulgaris. Materials and Methods From 2001 to 2021, all diagnosed oral pemphigus vulgaris cases were extracted. Each patient's demographic and clinical data were gathered. Patients were called via phone to assess the prognosis, treatment type, and specialty of the physician who provided the diagnosis and therapy. Results The majority of the patients had only oral lesions with higher prevalence in female who also expressed severe pain than male. Only 14 of 29 patients responded phone calls. Except for one, all patients were in active disease. More than half of those respondents said pemphigus negatively affects social behavior and food intake. Correct diagnosis and treatment were decided by dermatology, oral medicine, and maxillofacial surgery specialists. Conclusion Oral pemphigus vulgaris was prevalent in females. Severe pain was common in females and older people. Even with effective therapy, the prognosis was poor. Medical and dental professionals had little knowledge of pemphigus vulgaris. Patients frequently report poor quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fawaz Aswad
- Department of Oral DiagnosisUniversity of BaghdadBaghdadIraq
| | - Bashar Abdullah
- Department of Oral DiagnosisUniversity of BaghdadBaghdadIraq
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Cuccia AF, Peterson C, Melnyk BM, Boston-Leary K. Trends in mental health indicators among nurses participating in healthy nurse, healthy nation from 2017 to 2021. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2022; 19:352-358. [PMID: 35934812 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND American healthcare workers face unprecedented stress and trauma in the workplace during COVID-19, putting nurses at increased risk for poor mental health. Examining trends of mental health from before and during COVID-19 can illuminate the toll of the pandemic on nurses well-being. METHODS Nurses enrolled in Healthy Nurse, Healthy Nation receive a prompt to take an annual survey (n = 24,289). Mental health was assessed by active diagnoses of anxiety and depressive disorder, and feeling sad, down or depressed for two or more weeks in the past year. Logistic regression models were used to calculate predictive probabilities of health outcomes in year 4 (May 1, 2020 - April 30, 2021) compared to years 1-3 (each from May 1 to April 30), controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and nurse type. Models were also stratified by work setting and nurse type. RESULTS In year 4, nurses had a 19.8% probability of anxiety disorder, significantly higher than year 3 (16.3%, p < .001), year 2 (13.7%, p < .001), and year 1 (14.0%, p < .001). Similarly, nurses had a 16.7% probability of depression disorder in year 4, significantly higher than year 2 (12.9%, p < .001) and year 1 (13.9%, p < .01). Year 4 nurses had a 34.4% probability of feeling sad, down or depressed for two weeks, significantly higher than previous years (year 1 = 26.8%, year 2 = 25.9%, year 3 = 29.7%, p < .001). Trends in probabilities of mental health indicators were similar among each nurse type and work setting. Nurses in medical/surgical work settings and those with licensed practical nurse and licensed vocational nurse titles consistently had the highest probability of poor mental health. LINKING ACTION TO EVIDENCE In 2020-2021, nurses faced challenges unlike any experienced in previous years. Unsurprisingly, nurses reported increased instances of poor mental health indicators. Positive disruptive strategies are needed to systemically change organizational culture and policy to prioritize and support nurses' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison F Cuccia
- Nursing Programs Department, American Nurses Association, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Department of Prevention and Community Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute of Public Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Cheryl Peterson
- Nursing Programs Department, American Nurses Association, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Katie Boston-Leary
- Nursing Programs Department, American Nurses Association, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Zhao Y, Tie P, Bai Y, Wang L, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Qi X, Zheng C, Zhou XN. Epidemiological Characteristics of Visceral Leishmaniasis - Shanxi Province, China, 1950-2019. China CDC Wkly 2022; 4:614-617. [PMID: 35919480 PMCID: PMC9339365 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2022.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most serious form of leishmaniasis. In recent years, reported cases of VL have been gradually increasing in Shanxi Province, China. What is added by this report? The report describes the epidemiology of VL from 1950 to 2019 in Shanxi Province and the recent trend of VL reemergence. What are the implications for public health practice? Measures to prevent and control VL, such as health education, improving clinical diagnostics, strengthening epidemiological investigation capacity for VL cases, monitoring surveillance, and use of other evidence-based preventive measures, should be undertaken in Shanxi Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingze Zhao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Tie
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yongfei Bai
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Zheng
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Qi
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Canjun Zheng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Ebbehoj A, Søndergaard E, Jepsen P, Stochholm K, Svane HML, Madsen M, Poulsen PL, Jørgensen JOL. The Socioeconomic Consequences of Cushing's Syndrome: A Nationwide Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2921-e2929. [PMID: 35311897 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The long-term somatic and psychiatric consequences of Cushing's syndrome are well-described, but the socioeconomic consequences are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We studied employment status, educational level, risk of depression, and other socioeconomic outcomes of Cushing's syndrome in the years before diagnosis and after surgery. DESIGN Nationwide register-based cohort study. METHODS We used a validated algorithm to identify 424 patients operated for adrenal (n = 199) or pituitary Cushing's syndrome (n = 225) in Denmark from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 2017. We obtained socioeconomic registry data from 10 years before diagnosis (year -10) to 10 years after surgery (year +10) and included a sex- and age-matched reference population. We identified prognostic factors for returning to work using modified Poisson regression. RESULTS Compared to the reference population, the patients' employment was permanently reduced from year -6 [relative risk (RR) 0.92, 95% CI 0.84-0.99] to year +10 (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.57-0.76). Sick leave (RR 2.15, 95% CI 1.40-3.32) and disability pension (RR 2.60, 95% CI 2.06-3.27) were still elevated in year +10. Annual income, education, parenthood, relationship status, and risk of depression were also negatively impacted, but parenthood and relationship status normalized after surgery. Among patients, negative predictors of full-time employment after surgery included female sex, low education, comorbidity, and depression. CONCLUSION Cushing's syndrome negatively affects a wide spectrum of socioeconomic variables many years before diagnosis of which only some normalize after treatment. The data underpin the importance of early diagnosis and continuous follow-up of Cushing's syndrome and, not least, the pervasive health threats of glucocorticoid excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ebbehoj
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Jepsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kirstine Stochholm
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Madsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Løgstrup Poulsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Rubio Granda A, Fernández Miaja M, Delgado Nicolás S, Fernández Ibáñez A, Llaneza Velasco ME, Alonso Álvarez MA. [Clinical and epidemiologic description of a severe outbreak of Salmonellosis in an urban nursery school]. Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35:265-272. [PMID: 35429965 PMCID: PMC9134884 DOI: 10.37201/req/134.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We describe clinically and epidemiologically an outbreak of gastrointestinal infection by Salmonella enterica ser. (serotype) Enteritidis in an urban infant school, which led to high morbidity and significant social alarm. The immediate communication, as well as the adequate study of the outbreak, in both aspects, allowed identifying the pathogen and establishing control measures in a reasonable period of time. Controversial aspects such as the indication of antibiotherapy or the moment of closing the center are discussed. METHODS We retrospectively collected clinical, analytical and epidemiological information and we reviewed the methodology of the outbreak study and its results. RESULTS A total of 57 children (3-45 months), were affected and had microbiological confirmation. Diarrhea and fever were the main symptoms. 74% went to the hospital and 37% were admitted (mean stay 3.3 days). Factors associated with admission were: dehydration, significant elevation of acute phase reactants and coagulopathy. Twelve patients received parenteral cefotaxime. There were 2 complications: 1 bacteremia and 1 readmission. The initial suspicion of the origin of the outbreak was food, but the analysis of the control samples was negative. Five workers were positive (2 symptomatic). Epidemiologic Surveillance concluded that the probable origin of the outbreak was an asymptomatic carrier and improper diapers handling. The center was closed for 8 days. Cleaning and disinfection measures were carried out, as well as instruction on diaper changing, and the carriers were followed. CONCLUSIONS Clustering in time and space of cases should be reported immediately for early control of the outbreak. Children may present severe forms of Salmonella gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Fernández Miaja
- María Fernández Miaja. Área de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Avenida de Roma, s/n 33011. Oviedo. Asturias. Spain.
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Dall M, Kiblböck S, Müllegger D, Fellinger J, Hofer J, Kapplmüller R, Breitwieser S, Schossleitner K, Weber C, Zöhrer R, Holzinger D. Understanding the Impact of Child, Intervention, and Family Factors on Developmental Trajectories of Children with Hearing Loss at Preschool Age: Design of the AChild Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:1508. [PMID: 35329833 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with hearing loss and their families represent a large variety with regard to their auditory, medical, psychological, and family resource characteristics. Despite recent advances, developmental outcomes are still below average, with a significant proportion of variety remaining unexplained. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies including the whole diversity of children with hearing loss. The AChild study (Austrian Children with Hearing Impairment—Longitudinal Databank) uses an epidemiological longitudinal design including all children living in Upper and Lower Austria with a permanent uni- or bilateral hearing loss below the age of 6 years, irrespective of additional disabilities, family language, and family resources. The demographic characteristics of the first 126 children enrolled in the study showed that about half of the children are either children with additional disabilities (31%) and/or children not growing up with the majority language (31.7%) that are usually excluded from comprehensive longitudinal studies. AChild aims for a characterization of the total population of young children with hearing loss including developmental outcomes. Another goal is the identification of early predictors of developmental trajectories and family outcomes. In addition to child-related predictors the examination of family–child transactions malleable by family-centred early intervention is of particular interest. The study is designed as participatory including parent representation atall stages. Measures have been chosen, following other large population-based studies in order to gain comparability and to ensure international data pooling.
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Sebastiani G, Patel K, Ratziu V, Feld JJ, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Pinzani M, Petta S, Berzigotti A, Metrakos P, Shoukry N, Brunt EM, Tang A, Cobbold JF, Ekoe JM, Seto K, Ghali P, Chevalier S, Anstee QM, Watson H, Bajaj H, Stone J, Swain MG, Ramji A. Current considerations for clinical management and care of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Insights from the 1st International Workshop of the Canadian NASH Network (CanNASH). Can Liver J 2022; 5:61-90. [PMID: 35990786 PMCID: PMC9231423 DOI: 10.3138/canlivj-2021-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 8 million Canadians. NAFLD refers to a disease spectrum ranging from bland steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Nearly 25% of patients with NAFLD develop NASH, which can progress to liver cirrhosis and related end-stage complications. Type 2 diabetes and obesity represent the main risk factors for the disease. The Canadian NASH Network is a national collaborative organization of health care professionals and researchers with a primary interest in enhancing understanding, care, education, and research around NAFLD, with a vision of best practices for this disease state. At the 1st International Workshop of the CanNASH network in April 2021, a joint event with the single topic conference of the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver (CASL), clinicians, epidemiologists, basic scientists, and community members came together to share their work under the theme of NASH. This symposium also marked the initiation of collaborations between Canadian and other key opinion leaders in the field representative of international liver associations. The main objective is to develop a policy framework that outlines specific targets, suggested activities, and evidence-based best practices to guide provincial, territorial, and federal organizations in developing multidisciplinary models of care and strategies to address this epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Sebastiani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Keyur Patel
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Massimo Pinzani
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine - Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Berzigotti
- Hepatology, University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Metrakos
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Naglaa Shoukry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - An Tang
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Québec, Canada
| | - Jeremy F Cobbold
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jean-Marie Ekoe
- Montreal Institute for Clinical Research, Division of Endocrinology and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karen Seto
- Canadian Liver Foundation, Markham, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Ghali
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Quentin M Anstee
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Harpreet Bajaj
- LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Stone
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark G Swain
- Calgary Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alnoor Ramji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Yang K, Deng J, Wang L, Jiang S, Lu R, Liu Z, Tuo X. Tracing Management and Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Close Contacts in Cities Around Chengdu, China. Front Public Health 2022; 9:645798. [PMID: 34976905 PMCID: PMC8714902 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.645798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Close contacts have become a potential threat to the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study was to understand the epidemiological characteristics of close contacts of confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19 in the surrounding cities of Chengdu, China, so as to provide a basis for the management strategy of close contacts. Methods: Close contacts were determined through epidemiological investigation of indicated cases, and relevant information was entered in the “Close Contact Information Management System.” Retrospective data of close contacts from January 22 to May 1, 2020 were collected and organized. Meanwhile, the contact mode, isolation mode, and medical outcome of close contacts were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 986 close contacts were effectively traced, with an average age of (36.69 ± 16.86) years old, who were mainly distributed in cities of eastern Chengdu. The frequency of contact was mainly occasional contact, 80.42% of them were relatives and public transportation personnel. Besides, the time of tracking close contacts and feedback was (10.64 ± 5.52) and (7.19 ± 6.11) days, respectively. A total of seven close contacts were converted to confirmed cases. Conclusions: Close contacts of COVID-19 have a risk of invisible infection. Early control of close contacts may be helpful to control the epidemic of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Emergency and Business Management Office, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Emergency and Business Management Office, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Emergency and Business Management Office, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Lu
- Emergency and Business Management Office, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chenghua District, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Tuo
- Emergency and Business Management Office, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
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Su Y, Meng X, D'Arcy C. Does Gender Moderate the Relationship Between Chronic Pain and Substance Use Disorder? Insights From a National Canadian Population Survey. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:799655. [PMID: 35308886 PMCID: PMC8924112 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.799655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though it has been shown that men have a higher lifetime prevalence of substance use disorder and a lower prevalence of chronic pain than women, there is little research to date focusing on gender differences in the relationship between chronic pain and substance use disorder. This study examined whether gender moderates the relationship of chronic pain and substance use disorder. We also sought to examine the gender differences in the associations between specific pain types-arthritis, migraine, and back pain, and substance use disorder. METHODS The data were drawn from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (CCHS-MH 2012) with individuals aged 20 years and older living in the 10 Canadian provinces (N = 23,089). A two-level logistic mixed effects model was used to account for provincial differences. RESULTS Our findings indicated gender moderated the association between arthritis as well as migraine, and substance use disorder. However, no moderation effect of gender on the relationship between back pain and substance use disorder was found. Specifically, the strength of the association between arthritis and substance use disorder was stronger among men (ORinteraction = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.73), whereas the strength of the association between migraine and substance use disorder was stronger among women (ORinteraction = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.79). In addition, geographical location was found to explain a small proportion (2.3%-2.4%) of the overall variance in SUD. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that gender moderated the relations between arthritis as well as migraine, and substance use disorder, respectively. Treatment programs for pain and substance misuse might benefit from an approach tailored to gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill, University and the Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill, University and the Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carl D'Arcy
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Elawad M, Al-Thubyani D, Almhdawi A, Al Brakati E, Al Hatami F, Ahmed OB. An Epidemiological Study of COVID-19 Cases in Al-Leith, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2021; 13:e20457. [PMID: 34956802 PMCID: PMC8675106 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Ever since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in December 2019, more than 0.550 million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the number is on the rise. In this study, we aimed to perform an epidemiological analysis of COVID-19 cases in Al-Leith, KSA. Methods A community-based descriptive study was carried out to assess the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Al-Leith, KSA. The relevant data were collected using a questionnaire designed for this study, which included questions on basic information and characteristics in addition to data on COVID-19. Data were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics software (IBM, Armonk, NY). Results The significant findings were as follows: people aged between 26-40 years were more affected (55.7%) than other age groups, and more than half (74.1%) of COVID-19 patients were female; most of them were employed (85, 48,9%), and most of those got infected through direct contact (137, 78.7%) with other infected people. About 163 (93.7%) cases were asymptomatic, and 168 (96.6%) cases were notified to the health authorities. The findings also illustrated that 78 (44.8%) COVID-19 cases suffered from psychological impact due to infection; 83 (47.7%) cases had at least one case in the family before they became infected. The majority of cases (93.7%) suffered from symptomatic COVID-19. A considerable number of COVID-19 patients did not follow precautions before and after infection. Conclusions The study concluded that various age groups were susceptible to developing COVID-19, and direct contact was the main mode of transmission. Moreover, a considerable number of infected people did not adhere to precautionary measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elawad
- Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Leith, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Omar B Ahmed
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
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Ajikah LB, Alebiosu OS, Orijemie EA, Onah D. A review of aeropalynology research in Nigeria: implication on public health and environmental research collaboration. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2021; 49:31-8. [PMID: 34761653 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v49i6.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeropalynology is a branch of palynology that studies the content of atmospheric pollen grains and spores. The amount, concentration, and distribution of these aerospora are influenced by the seasonal flowering of parent plants and variations in climatic conditions as well as local and regional variabilities. Atmospheric pollen grains and spores are diverse and have been identified as major biological particles that trigger immune cells to release inflammatory chemical mediators, inducing respiratory-linked and allergic conditions, such as pollinosis, among susceptible individuals. OBJECTIVE The burden of these allergic conditions on patients, families, healthcare systems, and governments has risen globally, thereby affecting developing countries, including Nigeria, wherein the financial and infrastructural institutions are not effective enough to mitigate these challenges. Avoidance of allergenic aerospora is an effective mode of addressing pollinosis with its associated conditions. However, there is a need to ascertain the atmospheric quantity, diversity, and pattern of occurrence of allergenic pollen/spores. RESULTS In this paper, we reviewed published articles on aeropalynology in Nigeria with attention to the design and duration of the study and the used equipment. We further investigated whether identification and quantification of allergy-causing palynomorphs was part of published articles' foci. CONCLUSION The availability of such data/information is crucial for reducing epidemiological uncertainties, enhancing the diagnosis of allergic conditions, and securing a robust set of mitigation strategies and/or effective treatment of these conditions in Nigeria.
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Pan S, Shu H, Wang Y, Li R, Zhou T, Yu Y, Xu J, Xiong W, Yang X, Zhang J, Yuan Y, Yuan S, Shang Y. The Abnormal Imaging of SARS-CoV-2: A Predictive Measure of Disease Severity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:694754. [PMID: 34676222 PMCID: PMC8524080 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.694754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and evaluate whether CT scans, especially at a certain CT level, could be used to predict the severity of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. In total 118 confirmed patients had been enrolled. All data including epidemiological, clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and images were collected and analyzed when they were administrated for the first time. All patients were divided into two groups. There were 106 severe/critical patients and 12 common ones. A total of 38 of the patients were women. The mean age was 50.5 ± 11.5 years. Overall, 80 patients had a history of exposure. The median time from onset of symptoms to administration was 8.0 days. The main symptoms included fever, cough, anorexia, fatigue, myalgia, headaches, and chills. Lymphocytes and platelets decreased and lactate dehydrogenase increased with increased diseased severity (P < 0.05). Calcium and chloride ions were decreased more significantly in severe/critical patients than in common ones (P < 0.05). The main comorbidities were diabetes, chronic cardiovascular disease, and chronic pulmonary disease, which occurred in 47 patients. In all 69 patients had respiratory failure, which is the most common SARS-CoV-2 complication, and liver dysfunction presented in 37 patients. Nine patients received mechanical ventilation therapy. One patient received continuous blood purification and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (EMCO) treatments. The average stay was 18.1 ± 10.8 days. Four patients died. The median of the radiographic score was four in common, and five in the severe/critical illness, which was a significant difference between the two groups. The radiographic score was in negative correlation with OI (ρ = −0.467, P < 0.01). The OI in severe/critically ill cases decreased significantly as the disease progressed, which was related to the lesion area in the left lung and right lungs (ρ = 0.688, R = 0.733). OI, the lesion area in the left lung and right lungs, lymphocytes, etc. were associated with different degrees of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (P < 0.05). The lesion area in both lungs were possible predictive factors for severe/critical cases. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia showed obvious clinical manifestations and laboratory result changes. Combining clinical features and the quantity of the lesion area in the fourth level of CT could effectively predict severe/critical SARS-CoV-2 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangwen Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaqing Shu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiqian Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiying Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gareh A, Saleh AA, Moustafa SM, Tahoun A, Baty RS, Khalifa RMA, Dyab AK, Yones DA, Arafa MI, Abdelaziz AR, El-Gohary FA, Elmahallawy EK. Epidemiological, Morphometric, and Molecular Investigation of Cystic Echinococcosis in Camel and Cattle From Upper Egypt: Current Status and Zoonotic Implications. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:750640. [PMID: 34671663 PMCID: PMC8521178 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.750640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis has been considered one of the major parasitic zoonoses which is associated with severe economic losses. The present study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence, organ distribution, cyst fertility, and viability of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered camels and cattle from various abattoirs in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. The work also involved morphological, morphometric, and molecular identification of the parasite. The occurrence of hydatid cysts was investigated in total number of 100 lungs of camels and 574 liver and lungs of cattle admitted to three slaughterhouses at Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Moreover, several individual variable factors, including organ involvement, age, sex, and hydatid cyst characteristics, were studied to identify their possible association with the occurrence of the disease. Genomic DNA was extracted from the hydatid cysts, followed by molecular identification of the parasite through amplification of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Hydatid cysts were found in 6 camels (6%) out of 100 inspected camels, while 5 hydatid cysts (0.87%) were detected in a total number of 574 cattle examined. The parasite was detected exclusively in lungs of camels, while lungs were the main organ infected by the parasite in cattle and one hydatid cyst was found in the liver (0.17%). In camel, 66.7, 16.65, and 16.65%of detected cysts were fertile, sterile, and calcified, respectively, while in cattle, these percentages were 60, 20, and 20%, respectively. None of the studied variable factors were significantly associated with the occurrence of the disease in camels, with the exception that all cysts were found in the lung. Conversely, we found a significant association (P < 0.05) between the age and sex of the slaughtered cattle and the occurrence of hydatid cysts. In this respect, the rate of infection was higher in female cattle and those cattle more than 5 years (P < 0.05). The morphological, morphometric, and molecular studies confirmed the presence of the parasite. Taken together, our results concluded that camels and cattle play a potential role in maintaining the transmission cycle of this zoonotic parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gareh
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Amira A Saleh
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar M Moustafa
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Amin Tahoun
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Roua S Baty
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat M A Khalifa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K Dyab
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Yones
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Amer R Abdelaziz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Fatma A El-Gohary
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Shi C, Wang L, Lv D, Wang G, Mengist HM, Jin T, Wang B, Huang Y, Li Y, Xu Y. Epidemiological, Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients with Brucella Infection in Anhui Province, China. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:2741-2752. [PMID: 34295167 PMCID: PMC8291626 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s319595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is currently one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases caused by Brucella genus, and the Brucella melitensis is the major pathogen. The number of people infected with Brucella has gradually increased in Anhui Province. Purpose To retrospectively evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data of brucellosis patients in Anhui Province. Patients and Methods A total of 109 brucellosis patients were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2012 to March 2021. Data from all patients were retrieved from the hospital’s electronic medical system. The final results were grouped and compared according to the presence or absence of bacteremic brucellosis and three phases of brucellosis. Results The most common symptoms among all 109 brucellosis patients were fever (89.0%), followed by chills (52.3%), arthralgia (48.6%), and weight loss (30.3%), and laboratory results presented with anemia (65.1%), elevate of C-reactive protein (CRP) (91.7%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (86.2%), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (40.4%), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (43.1%). The percentage of fever (96.1%), arthralgia (58.8%), anorexia (35.3%), leukopenia (31.4%), and the AST (51.0%) were higher in bacteremic than nonbacteremic group. Additionally, the median level of LDH (332.0 mg/L, IQR, 209.0–553.0) was higher in bacteremic than nonbacteremic group. Nevertheless, the albumin (36.0 mg/L, IQR, 33.9–38.2) was lower in the bacteremic group. The percentage of fever (94.9%) and the median LDH level (316.0 U/L (IQR,218.0–517.5)) in the acute phase of brucellosis were higher than the percentage of fever (72.0%) and the median LDH level (209.0 U/L (IQR,162.0–276.0)) in the subacute phase of brucellosis. Conclusion Brucellosis has become an important public health issue in Anhui Province. Brucellosis is a disease with diverse clinical manifestations. Our data showed that unexplained fever, arthralgia, and elevated AST and LDH should be considered as a diagnosis of bacteremia brucellosis for early treatment intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixiao Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianzi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
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Liu J, Chen D, Huang Y, Bigambo FM, Chen T, Wang X. Effect of Maternal Triclosan Exposure on Neonatal Birth Weight and Children Triclosan Exposure on Children's BMI: A Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health 2021; 9:648196. [PMID: 34307271 PMCID: PMC8298024 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.648196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Triclosan (TCS) is an environmental chemical with endocrine disrupting effects and can enter the body through the skin or oral mucosa. Human data about the effect of TCS exposure during pregnancy on neonatal birth weight and TCS exposure during childhood on children's growth are scarce. Objectives: To investigate the association between maternal urinary TCS level and neonatal birth weight, as well as children's urinary TCS level and children's body mass index (BMI). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Finally, seven epidemiological articles with 5,006 participants from September 25, 2014 to August 10, 2018 were included in the meta-analysis to identify the relationship between maternal exposure to TCS and neonatal birth weight. On the other hand, three epidemiological articles with 5,213 participants from July 22, 2014 to September 1, 2017 were included in another meta-analysis to identify the relationship between children's exposure to TCS and children's BMI. We used Stata 16.0 to test the heterogeneity among the studies and calculating the combined effect value 95% confidence interval (CI) of the selected corresponding models. Results: TCS exposure during pregnancy was not significant associated with neonatal birth weight. The results of forest plots were as follows: ES (Estimate) = 0.41 (95% CI: −11.97–12.78). Children's urinary TCS level was also irrelevant associated with children's BMI: ES = 0.03 (95% CI: −0.54–0.60). Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that there was no significant association between maternal TCS level and neonatal birth weight, also there has no relationship between children's urinary TCS level and children's BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqiu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Francis Manyori Bigambo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Althaqafi A, Farahat F, Alsaedi A, Alshamrani M, Alsaeed MS, AlhajHussein B, El-Kafrawy SA, Azhar EI. Molecular Detection of Influenza A and B Viruses in Four Consecutive Influenza Seasons 2015-16 to 2018-19 in a Tertiary Center in Western Saudi Arabia. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 11:208-215. [PMID: 33969948 PMCID: PMC8242120 DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.210427.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Influenza infection poses a significant public health threat. The core for disease prevention and control relies on strengthened surveillance activities, particularly in Saudi Arabia, the country that hosts the largest annual mass gathering event worldwide. This study aimed to assess the molecular and seasonal pattern of influenza virus subtypes in western Saudi Arabia to inform policy decisions on influenza vaccine. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, western Saudi Arabia. Medical records and surveillance database of laboratory-confirmed influenza cases were reviewed from October 2015 to 2019. A panel of real-time polymerase chain reactions was performed to detect influenza A and B. Extracted RNA from a subset of positive samples was used to determine influenza A subtypes and influenza B lineages. Results: This study included a total of 1928 patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza infections. Influenza peaks were observed in October each season, with variant predominant strains. Influenza virus subtypes co-circulate with no reports of co-infection. Influenza A(H3N2) was reported in 42% of the cases, then influenza B (30.7%) and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (27.3%). Healthcare workers represented 9.4% of the cases. One-third of the cases (30.4%) were admitted to the hospital with a median admission duration of 4 days. The influenza B viruses were subtyped in 218 cases. Victoria lineage was predominant (64.1%) in 2015 and 2016; however, Yamagata was predominant in the next two consecutive seasons (94.4% and 85.4%, respectively). Conclusion: The burden due to influenza B may be underestimated with an observed vaccine mismatch. A quadrivalent influenza vaccine is recommended to reduce the health impact associated with influenza B infections. Molecular surveillance of the influenza viruses should be enhanced continuously for a better understanding of the influenza activity and assessment of vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakeem Althaqafi
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayssal Farahat
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Alsaedi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alshamrani
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moneerah S Alsaeed
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baraa AlhajHussein
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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49
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Barrios-Cárdenas AL, Lazo-Vera JO. [ Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of Achilles tendon rupture]. Acta Ortop Mex 2021; 35:252-256. [PMID: 34921533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rupture of the Achilles tendon is one of the most frequent of the lower limb, the increase in its incidence invites to evaluate its associated characteristics that act as triggers or as risk factors. METHODS Descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study, based on clinical history data, using mean, standard deviation and percentages. RESULTS We evaluated 49 patients: males 83.7%, administrative profession 46.9%, sport injury 61.2% (soccer 38.8%). 75.5% were acute injuries, affecting the left tendon (57.1%). The most referred symptom is sudden pain (95.9%) and the most common sign is Thompson's (89.8%). Ultrasonography was used in 42.9%. 95.5% received treatment by open surgery and spinal anesthesia 85.1%. Intraoperatively they reported complete rupture 95.7%, at 2-5 cm insertion 66%, 98% of them had no associated injuries. The repair was simple tenorrhaphy with Kessler's point (51%) and Vycril as suture material (95.7%). Immobilization was performed with warm-pedium plaster (98%) for a period of 6-8 weeks (91.9%). Surgical waiting was 3.6 days and hospital stay 4.9 days. CONCLUSIONS Achilles tendon rupture occurred more frequently in sedentary males between 29-48 years, acute presentation in sports activity, affecting the left tendon. Most were complete ruptures located between 2-5 cm from its insertion, performing simple tenorrhaphy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J O Lazo-Vera
- Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional San Agustín Arequipa-Perú
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50
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Tarapore P, Ouyang B. Perfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Male Reproductive Health: Do PFOA and PFOS Increase Risk for Male Infertility? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18073794. [PMID: 33916482 PMCID: PMC8038605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are manmade synthetic chemicals which have been in existence for over 70 years. Though they are currently being phased out, their persistence in the environment is widespread. There is increasing evidence linking PFAS exposure to health effects, an issue of concern since PFAS such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) bioaccumulate in humans, with a half-life of years. Many epidemiological studies suggest that, worldwide, semen quality has decreased over the past several decades. One of the most worrying effects of PFOS and PFOA is their associations with lower testosterone levels, similar to clinical observations in infertile men. This review thus focuses on PFOS/PFOA-associated effects on male reproductive health. The sources of PFAS in drinking water are listed. The current epidemiological studies linking increased exposure to PFAS with lowered testosterone and semen quality, and evidence from rodent studies supporting their function as endocrine disruptors on the reproductive system, exhibiting non-monotonic dose responses, are noted. Finally, their mechanisms of action and possible toxic effects on the Leydig, Sertoli, and germ cells are discussed. Future research efforts must consider utilizing better human model systems for exposure, using more accurate PFAS exposure susceptibility windows, and improvements in statistical modeling of data to account for the endocrine disruptor properties of PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pheruza Tarapore
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Center of Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-513-558-5148
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Center of Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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