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Palmer JPS, Gazêta GS, André MR, Fialho PA, Corrêa LL, Damasceno JAL, Israel CB, Pereira RR, da Silva Barbosa A. Piroplasmid Infections Among Domestic Dogs in the Mountain City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:1172-1191. [PMID: 38602588 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to analyze the frequency of the piroplasmids in blood from dogs and ticks recovered from these animals in Teresópolis city, located in the mountain region of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. In addition to the clinical and hematological profile. METHODS A total of 400 dogs attended in a veterinary clinic in this city between 2020 and 2021 were included. The blood was collected from the dogs, along with ticks and information on these dogs was obtained through a questionnaire applied to the owners. Thin-smear analyses and complete blood counts were performed. All forms characteristic of piroplasmids were measured and classified morphologically. The blood was also subjected to PCR assays based on the genes 18S rRNA and hsp70. In addition, the ixodid ticks were classified morphologically and subjected to PCR for piroplasmids research. The amplified products were sent for gene sequencing. RESULTS Piroplasmids were detected in 2.3% of the dogs. The variables statistically associated with infections in these animals were hemorrhage/bleeding, jaundice, anisocytosis, activated monocytes and macroplatelets (p ≤ 0.05). Piriform, ring-shaped, oval and aberrant structures were viewed in erythrocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, with lengths greater than and less than 2.5 µm. The nine positive samples from these dogs were characterized as due to Rangelia vitalii. However, one sequence from B. vogeli was detected in a single adult specimen of R. sanguineus. CONCLUSION Although circulation of two species of piroplasmids potentially infective for domestic dogs has been observed in the mountain city of Rio de Janeiro, infection due to R. vitalii was mostly seen in the dogs of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Siqueira Palmer
- Parasite Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
- National Reference Laboratory on Vectors of Rickettsioses, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foudation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Salles Gazêta
- National Reference Laboratory on Vectors of Rickettsioses, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foudation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Alves Fialho
- Parasite Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Laís Lisboa Corrêa
- Parasite Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Bistritschan Israel
- Clinic School of Veterinary Medicine Luiz Cataldi de Souza, Serra Dos Órgãos University Center, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, 25976-345, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rempto Pereira
- Clinic School of Veterinary Medicine Luiz Cataldi de Souza, Serra Dos Órgãos University Center, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, 25976-345, Brazil
| | - Alynne da Silva Barbosa
- Parasite Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil.
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de Oliveira CM, Yang TS, Duarte MA, Marr H, McManus CM, André MR, Birkenheuer AJ, Paludo GR. Canine piroplasmids: Molecular detection and laboratory characterization in dogs from Brasilia, Brazil, with the first molecular evidence of dog exposure to a novel opossum-associated Babesia sp. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102181. [PMID: 37084584 PMCID: PMC10698754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Canine piroplasmid infections can be caused by Babesia spp., Theileria spp. and Rangelia vitalii. In Brazil, canine babesiosis caused by Babesia vogeli is endemic and reported throughout the country. On the other hand, Rangeliosis caused by R. vitalii has only been described so far in the South and Southeast regions. Despite that, studies analyzing the laboratory and molecular characterization of these hemoprotozoa are still scarce. To investigate the occurrence, the laboratory features, the molecular characterization, and the diversity of piroplasmids from Midwestern Brazil, a survey was performed using blood samples obtained from 276 domestic dogs from Brasília, Federal District, Midwestern Brazil. A broad-range quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU4) was used to detect piroplasmid DNA. The overall molecular occurrence of piroplasmids was 11.2% (31/276), with 9.7% (27/276) of the sequences identified as Babesia vogeli (98-100% identity to B. vogeli isolate from the USA). Based on a partial 18S rRNA sequence pairwise alignment (-250 bp), 1.4% (4/276) of the sequences showed only 76.8% identity with B. vogeli but 100% identity with opossum-associated Babesia sp. (MW290046-53). These findings suggest the exposure of dogs from Brazil to a recently described Babesia sp. isolated from white-eared opossum. None of the analyzed dogs was positive for Theileria spp. or R. vitalii. Subsequently, all positive sequences were submitted to three additional PCR assays based on the 18S rRNA, cox-1, and cytb genes, aiming at performing a haplotype network analysis. Haplotype network using cox-1 sequences showed the presence of six different haplotypes of B. vogeli; one of them was shared with isolates from Brazil, the USA, and India. When including animals co-infected with other vector-borne diseases, piroplasmid-positive dogs had 2.3 times higher chance of having thrombocytopenia than the negative ones. The molecular results demonstrated that the compared Babesia vogeli sequences showed a low variability as well as evidence of exposure to a putative novel opossum-associated Babesia sp. in dogs from Midwestern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Manoel de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária (FAV/UnB), Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro - Asa Norte, CEP, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Tzushan Sharon Yang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Matheus Almeida Duarte
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária (FAV/UnB), Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro - Asa Norte, CEP, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Henry Marr
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Concepta Margaret McManus
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adam Joseph Birkenheuer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Giane Regina Paludo
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária (FAV/UnB), Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro - Asa Norte, CEP, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil.
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de Macedo LO, Bezerra-Santos MA, Filho CRCU, da Silva Sales KG, de Sousa-Paula LC, da Silva LG, Dantas-Torres F, do Nascimento Ramos RA, Otranto D. Vector-borne pathogens of zoonotic concern in dogs from a Quilombola community in northeastern Brazil. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3305-3311. [PMID: 36102968 PMCID: PMC9556415 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBPs) comprise a group of disease agents mainly transmitted by ticks, fleas, mosquitoes and sand flies. In this study, we assessed the presence of CVBPs in an Afro-descendent community (Quilombola) of northeastern, Brazil. Dog blood samples (n = 201) were collected and analyzed by rapid test for the detection of antibodies against Leishmania spp., Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), and antigens of Dirofilaria immitis. In addition, polymerase chain reactions were performed for Anaplasmataceae, Babesia spp., Hepatozoon spp., Rickettsia spp. and B. burgdorferi s.l. Overall, 66.7% of the dogs scored positive to at least one pathogen at serological and/or molecular methods. Antibodies against Ehrlichia spp. were the most frequently detected (57.2%; n = 115/201), followed by Anaplasma spp. (8.5%; n = 17/201), Leishmania spp. (8.5%; n = 17/201) and B. burgdorferi s.l. (0.5%; n = 1/201). For D. immitis, 11 out of 201 (5.5%) animals scored positive. At the molecular analysis, 10.4% (n = 21/201) of the samples scored positive for Babesia spp./Hepatozoon spp., followed by Anaplasmataceae (5.0%; n = 10/201) and Rickettsia spp. (3.0%; n = 6/201). All samples were negative for B. burgdorferi s.l. Our data demonstrated the presence of CVBPs in the studied population, with a high seropositivity for Ehrlichia spp. In addition, considering the detection of zoonotic pathogens in dogs and their relationship with people from Quilombola communities, effective control strategies are advocated for minimizing the risk of infection in this socially vulnerable human population and their pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Oliveira de Macedo
- Graduate Program in Animal Biosciences, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Roberto Cruz Ubirajara Filho
- Graduate Program in Animal Biosciences, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil
| | - Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva Sales
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Lucas C de Sousa-Paula
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Gomes da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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Dos Santos FB, Gazêta GS, Corrêa LL, Lobão LF, Palmer JPS, Dib LV, Damasceno JAL, Moura-Martiniano NO, Bastos OMP, Uchôa CMA, da Silva Barbosa A. Microscopic Detection, Hematological Evaluation and Molecular Characterization of Piroplasms from Naturally Infected Dogs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1548-1560. [PMID: 34129160 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the frequency of piroplasmids in the blood of dogs in Rio de Janeiro, compare the performance of microscopic techniques, assess the risk factors associated with infections and also molecularly and morphologically characterize the piroplasmids identified. METHODS In all, 407 blood samples were collected from dogs between 2018 and 2019. These were subjected to microscopic parasitological techniques for thin and thick smears, stained with Giemsa and using a rapid staining kit. The slides were read under an optical microscope and the protozoa were characterized morphometrically. In addition, the blood samples were subjected to molecular characterization for diagnosing piroplasmid species using primers that amplified the gene 18S rRNA. RESULTS Piroplasmids were detected in 38 (9.3%) samples. Of these, 33 samples presented nucleotide sequences compatible with Babesia vogeli. Most of the positive samples were young, male, defined breeds dogs that had been attended in clinics in São Gonçalo city. Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were the hematological alterations more observed in positive samples, but positive samples without alterations were also detected. The sex was the only variable that showed statistical differences. Males dogs being more often infected than females (p < 0.05). The microscope slides mostly showed piriform and oval merozoites measuring greater than 2.5 µm in length, which were compatible with B. vogeli. However, smaller forms were also identified, thus demonstrating the polymorphic nature of this parasite. CONCLUSION Babesia vogeli was detected in blood samples from dogs in the metropolitan cities of Rio de Janeiro by molecular techniques in different parasite morphotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Barbosa Dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Hernani Mello, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brasil
| | - Gilberto Salles Gazêta
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro), Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Laís Lisboa Corrêa
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Hernani Mello, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brasil
| | - Lucas Fernandes Lobão
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Hernani Mello, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brasil
| | - João Pedro Siqueira Palmer
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Hernani Mello, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brasil
| | - Laís Verdan Dib
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Hernani Mello, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brasil
| | - José André Lessa Damasceno
- Centro de Diagnóstico Veterinário, Rua General Silvestre Rocha, 131, Icaraí, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24220-170, Brazil
| | - Nicole Oliveira Moura-Martiniano
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro), Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Otilio Machado Pereira Bastos
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Hernani Mello, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brasil
| | - Claudia Maria Antunes Uchôa
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Hernani Mello, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brasil
| | - Alynne da Silva Barbosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Hernani Mello, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brasil.
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmoses e outras Protozooses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz, RJ), Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, Brasil.
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Santos FBD, Gazeta GS, Correa LL, Lobão LF, Palmer JP, Dib LV, Damasceno JAL, Moura-Martiniano NO, Bastos OMP, Uchôa CMA, Barbosa ADS. Molecular evaluation of piroplasms and hematological changes in canine blood stored in a clinical laboratory in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:e012420. [PMID: 32756775 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Piroplasm species were analyzed by molecular tools in total 31 blood samples from positive dogs, previously checked by stained slides, stored until DNA extraction between 2016 to 2018 in the laboratory Clinical Analyzes in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. The piroplasms were identified by PCR, targeting the 18S rRNA gene and sequencing. From the total number of samples only 24 (77.4%) were positive and show adequate nucleotide sequences for interpretation with identity between 93%-100% with Babesia vogeli in compared to the sequences isolated of infected dogs from other states in Brazil deposited on GenBank. Most of dogs infected with B. vogeli had anemia (62.5%) and thrombocytopenia (95.8%). The findings of this study are compatible with previous reports in the literature and highlight B. vogeli as the most incriminated species in canine piroplasmosis in Brazil, and thrombocytopenia the hematological alteration most frequently identified in this infection. It is important to note that this is the first study involving the molecular characterization of piroplasms in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, based on PCR followed by sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Barbosa Dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Gilberto Salles Gazeta
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Laís Lisboa Correa
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lucas Fernandes Lobão
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - João Pedro Palmer
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Laís Verdan Dib
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.,Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Nicole Oliveira Moura-Martiniano
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Otilio Machado Pereira Bastos
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Claudia Maria Antunes Uchôa
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alynne da Silva Barbosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.,Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Panti-May JA, Rodríguez-Vivas RI. Canine babesiosis: A literature review of prevalence, distribution, and diagnosis in Latin America and the Caribbean. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 21:100417. [PMID: 32862915 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution and global significance. Traditionally, canine babesiosis was caused by B. canis (large Babesia) and B. gibsoni (small Babesia) based on cytological examination of stained blood smears. Currently, molecular techniques have demonstrated that several Babesia species infect dogs: B. canis, B. vogeli, and B. rossi (large forms) and B. gibsoni, B. conradae, and B. vulpes (small forms). In this study, we compiled and reviewed currently available data on Babesia infections in dogs in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as on distribution of Babesia species with respect to prevalence, geographic location, and methods of detection. Forty-three studies on canine babesiosis published from 2005 to 2019 were included. The publications retrieved reported three species of Babesia (B. vogeli, B. gibsoni, and B. caballi) based on molecular confirmation of the species. Babesia vogeli was reported in Mexico, Costa Rica, Granada, Haiti, Nicaragua, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela. In contrast, B. gibsoni was recorded in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Brazil. Babesia caballi was found in a dog from Brazil. Babesia prevalence in dogs varied considerably based on parasite species and geographic location, with values close zero to 26.2%. Besides molecular techniques such as PCR, studies included examination of blood smears by microscopy and/or serologic tests. Few countries in the region, e.g., Brazil and Costa Rica, possess profound data availability, whereas the majority of them have scarce information or no data. A deeper understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of Babesia spp. in dogs is needed for the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alonso Panti-May
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, km 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida 97135, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Roger Iván Rodríguez-Vivas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, km 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida 97135, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Badawi NM, Yousif AA. Babesia canis spp. in dogs in Baghdad Province, Iraq: First molecular identification and clinical and epidemiological study. Vet World 2020; 13:579-585. [PMID: 32367967 PMCID: PMC7183455 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.579-585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate babesiosis in dogs of different breeds and ages and of both sexes in Baghdad Province by molecular detection of Babesia canis using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing followed by phylogenetic analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples were collected from 310 dogs of different ages and breeds, and of both sexes in different areas of Baghdad Province from December 2018 to September 2019; during clinical examinations, body temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, and signs of diseases were recorded. PCR was used to amplify a specific 450-bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene of B. canis. PCR products were sequenced, and MEGA 6.0 software was used for analysis. Chi-square and odds ratio tests were used to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of babesiosis. RESULTS Clinical signs of babesiosis included paleness or icterus of the mucus membranes, tick infestation, and febrile illness during the acute and subacute phase. The prevalence of infection with B. canis was 5.1%, with the higher prevalence in male dogs and in dogs <3 years of age. Huskies were more likely to be infected than other dogs. Infection prevalence was highest in April and June and was higher in spring and summer than in winter. Using sequence data, 14 isolates of Babesia canis canis and one isolate of each Babesia canis rossi and Babesia canis vogeli were identified. Phylogenetic analyses of B. canis canis revealed that three shared clades and several isolated lineages were similar to other isolates (97-99% similarity), whereas B. canis vogeli and B. canis rossi showed similarities of 98% and 99% with isolates from other geographical regions. CONCLUSION This study provides the first molecular record and phylogenic analysis of B. canis in dogs in Iraq, and it will be valuable for confirming clinical signs and studying epidemiological risk factors of babesiosis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseir Mohammed Badawi
- Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Afaf Abdulrahman Yousif
- Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Diversity of piroplasmids among wild and domestic mammals and ectoparasites in Pantanal wetland, Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:245-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Caetano RL, Vizzoni VF, Bitencourth K, Carriço C, Sato TP, Pinto ZT, De Oliveira SV, Amorim M, Voloch CM, Gazeta GS. Ultrastructural Morphology and Molecular Analyses of Tropical and Temperate "Species" of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae) in Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1201-1212. [PMID: 28399274 PMCID: PMC5850649 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) complex (Acari:Ixodidae) is composed of species with intra- and interspecific morphological variation that make their diagnosis difficult. In the present study, male specimens of the R. sanguineus complex were collected from dogs in six districts of three regions of Brazil and submitted to molecular and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Analysis of COX1 gene, 12S rDNA, and D-loop rDNA shows that ticks classified as R. sanguineus form two different clades. Morphological comparisons using SEM found adult males to exhibit morphological differences in Haller's organ, festoons, and adanal, spiracular, and genital plates, with the last having potential usefulness in distinguishing male specimens of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Leal Caetano
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Avenida Brasil, 4365, CEP 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (; ; ; ; ; ; )
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Avenida Brasil, 4365, CEP 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Estácio de Sá (UNESA), Rua Bingen, 50 – Bingen, CEP 25660-004, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Vinicius Figueiredo Vizzoni
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Avenida Brasil, 4365, CEP 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Karla Bitencourth
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Avenida Brasil, 4365, CEP 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (; ; ; ; ; ; )
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Avenida Brasil, 4365, CEP 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cesar Carriço
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Avenida Brasil, 4365, CEP 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Tayra Pereira Sato
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Avenida Brasil, 4365, CEP 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (; ; ; ; ; ; )
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, MG, Brazil
| | - Zeneida Teixeira Pinto
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Educação em Ambiente e Saúde, Avenida Brasil, 4365, CEP 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ()
| | - Stefan Vilges De Oliveira
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde (SVS/MS), Unidade técnica de vigilância de zoonoses, SCS - Quadra 04 Bloco “A” Edifício Principal - 3º Andar, CEP: 70.304-000, DF, Brazil ()
| | - Marinete Amorim
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Avenida Brasil, 4365, CEP 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Carolina Moreira Voloch
- Laboratório de Biologia Evolutiva Teórica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Genética, Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco s/n CCS, Bloco A, A2-097, Ilha do Fundão - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21941-901, Brazil ()
| | - Gilberto Salles Gazeta
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Avenida Brasil, 4365, CEP 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (; ; ; ; ; ; )
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Modrý D, Beck R, Hrazdilová K, Baneth G. A Review of Methods for Detection of Hepatozoon Infection in Carnivores and Arthropod Vectors. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:66-72. [PMID: 28055571 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne protists of the genus Hepatozoon belong to the apicomplexan suborder Adeleorina. The taxonomy of Hepatozoon is unsettled and different phylogenetic clades probably represent evolutionary units deserving the status of separate genera. Throughout our review, we focus on the monophyletic assemblage of Hepatozoon spp. from carnivores, classified as Hepatozoon sensu stricto that includes important pathogens of domestic and free-ranging canine and feline hosts. We provide an overview of diagnostic methods and approaches from classical detection in biological materials, through serological tests to nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). Critical review of used primers for the 18S rDNA is provided, together with information on individual primer pairs. Extension of used NAATs target to cover also mitochondrial genes is suggested as a key step in understanding the diversity and molecular epidemiology of Hepatozoon infections in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Modrý
- 1 Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology , Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic .,3 CEITEC-VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Relja Beck
- 4 Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute , Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristýna Hrazdilová
- 3 CEITEC-VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gad Baneth
- 5 Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University , Rehovot, Israel
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da Costa AP, Costa FB, Labruna MB, Silveira I, Moraes-Filho J, Soares JF, Spolidorio MG, Guerra RDMSNDC. A serological and molecular survey of Babesia vogeli, Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia spp. among dogs in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:28-35. [PMID: 25909250 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612015008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated exposure and infection by tick-borne agents (Babesia vogeli, Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia spp.) in 172 dogs in rural areas and 150 dogs in urban areas of the municipality of Chapadinha, state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil, using molecular and serological methods. Overall, 16.1% of the sampled dogs (52/322) were seroreactive to B. vogeli, with endpoint titers ranging from 40 to 640. For E. canis, 14.6% of the dogs (47/322) were seroreactive, with endpoint titers from 80 to 163,840. Antibodies reactive to at least one of the five species of Rickettsia were detected in 18.9% of the dogs (61/322), with endpoint titers ranging from 64 to 4,096. High endpoint titers were observed for Rickettsia amblyommii. Three (0.9%) and nine (2.8%) canine blood samples were PCR-positive for Babesia spp. and E. canis. The ticks collected from urban dogs were all Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, whereas the rural dogs were infested by R. sanguineus s.l, Amblyomma cajennense sensu lato and Amblyomma ovale. One A. ovale tick was found to be infected by Rickettsia bellii. This study provides an epidemiological background for controlling and preventing canine tick-borne diseases in a neglected region of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Pereira da Costa
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Francisco Borges Costa
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Iara Silveira
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Jonas Moraes-Filho
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - João Fábio Soares
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Mariana Granziera Spolidorio
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Takeet MI, Oyewusi AJ, Abakpa SAV, Daramola OO, Peters SO. Genetic diversity among Babesia rossi detected in naturally infected dogs in Abeokuta, Nigeria, based on 18S rRNA gene sequences. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:192-198. [PMID: 28030336 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adequate knowledge of the genetic diversity among Babesia species infecting dogs is necessary for a better understanding of the epidemiology and control of canine babesiosis. Hence, this study determined the genetic diversity among the Babesia rossi detected in dogs presented for routine examination in Veterinary Hospitals in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Blood were randomly collected from 209 dogs. Field-stained thin smears were made and DNA extracted from the blood. Partial region of the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was amplified, sequenced and analysed. Babesia species was detected in 16 (7.7%) of the dogs by microscopy. Electrophoresed PCR products from 39 (18.66%) dogs revealed band size of 450 bp and 2 (0.95%) dogs had band size of 430 bp. The sequences obtained from 450 bp amplicon displayed homology of 99.74% (387/388) with partial sequences of 18S rRNA gene of Babesia rossi in the GeneBank. Of the two sequences that had 430 bp amplicon, one was identified as T. annulata and second as T. ovis. A significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of B. rossi was detected by PCR compared to microscopy. The mean PCV of Babesia infected dogs was significantly (p<0.05) lower than non-infected dogs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed minimal diversity among B. rossi with the exception of one sequence that was greatly divergent from the others. This study suggests that more than one genotype of B. rossi may be in circulation among the dog population in the study area and this may have potential implication on clinical outcome of canine babesiosis.
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Ribeiro CM, Matos AC, Azzolini T, Bones ER, Wasnieski EA, Richini-Pereira VB, Lucheis SB, Vidotto O. Molecular epidemiology of Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis and Babesia vogeli in stray dogs in Paraná, Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Hemoparasitic infections are tick-borne diseases, which affect animals and humans. Considering the importance of canine hemoparasitic infections in veterinary clinics, this study aimed to determine the occurrence of Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis and Babesia vogeli in blood samples from 182 dogs not domiciled in the city of Pato Branco, southwestern region of Paraná State, Brazil, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of A. platys and B. vogeli was 32.9% and 10.9% respectively, and A. platys infection prevailed (p<0.001). The number of dogs positive for A. platys was larger in Winter (p<0.05). All blood samples were negative for E. canis. In the dogs, infestation by Amblyomma cajennense predominated over that by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (p<0.001); but there was no significant association between PCR and the variables presence of ticks, sex and age. Dogs infected by A. platys and B. vogeli showed thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia and leukocytosis; but there was no correlation between such hematological changes and infection by hemoparasites. This appears to be the first molecular study that demonstrates the existence of A. platys and B. vogeli in dogs from the southwestern region of Paraná.
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Augustine S, Sabu L, Lakshmanan B. Molecular identification of Babesia spp. in naturally infected dogs of Kerala, South India. J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:459-462. [PMID: 28615859 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine babesiosis is a tick borne haemoprotozoan disease caused by large and small intraerythrocytic apicomplexan piroplasms of the genus Babesia spp. The clinical manifestations of the disease vary from inapparent subclinical form to hyperacute shock related haemolytic crisis. Microscopic examination of blood smears from suspected dogs revealed Babesia canis and B. gibsoni in 3.45 and 25.86 % of samples respectively. A seminested PCR based on previously published species specific primers targeting the 18S rRNA gene was utilized to identify the Babesia species infecting dogs of Kerala at the sub species level. The study revealed 57.5 % prevalence of Babesia spp. among dogs. This report also presents the first molecular evidence of Babesia canis vogeli and B. gibsoni among naturally infected dogs in Kerala, South India. Molecular survey revealed a high prevalence of B. gibsoni infections when compared with B. canis vogeli infections among canines of the state. Preliminary survey of the tick population revealed the presence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. haemaphysaloides and Haemaphysalis bispinosa in infected animals. Further studies need be directed towards utilizing the PCR protocol for confirming the vectors of these species in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Augustine
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala 680 651 India
| | - Lucy Sabu
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala 680 651 India
| | - Bindu Lakshmanan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala 680 651 India
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Araujo AC, Silveira JA, Azevedo SS, Nieri-Bastos FA, Ribeiro MF, Labruna MB, Horta MC. Babesia canis vogeli infection in dogs and ticks in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:This study aimed to report the prevalence of Babesia canis vogeli in dogs and ticks in the urban and rural areas of Petrolina, Pernambuco. Serum and peripheral blood samples of 404 dogs were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and by blood smears, respectively. The presence of tick infestation was evaluated, and some specimens were submitted to DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of antibodies anti-B. canis vogeli was determinate in 57.9% (234/404) of dogs. The direct detection of Babesia spp was obtained in 0.5% (2/404) dogs by visualization of intraerythrocytic forms. Infestation by Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato was observed in 54.5% (220/404) of dogs in both urban and rural areas. DNA of Babesia canis vogeli were obtained by PCR in 6% individual (3/50) and 8.7% of pool of ticks (7/80). The risk factors for the presence of anti-B. canis vogeli antibodies, as determined through the application of logistic regression models (P<0.05), were the following: medium breed size variables (P<0.001); contact with areas of forest (P=0.021); and access on the street (P=0.046). This study describes, for the first time, the confirmation of infection of B. canis vogeli in dogs and ticks in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil.
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El-Dakhly KM, Goto M, Noishiki K, El-Nahass ES, Sakai H, Yanai T, Takashima Y. Distribution patterns of Babesia gibsoni infection in hunting dogs from nine Japanese islands. J Parasitol 2014; 101:160-6. [PMID: 25419881 DOI: 10.1645/14-564.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine babesiosis constitutes a major global veterinary medical problem caused by tick-borne hemoparasites Babesia gibsoni and Babesia canis. Babesia gibsoni induces more severe clinical signs and is mainly transmitted by the ixodid Haemaphysalis longicornis. In Japan, B. gibsoni is primarily found in the western districts, with few records in the eastern parts. The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate distribution patterns of B. gibsoni infection in 9 Japanese islands and peninsulas using direct microscopy and PCR. Therefore, 196 hunting dogs were randomly sampled during the period from March to September 2011. Ages and sexes of dogs were identified. Direct microscopy of Giemsa-stained blood smear revealed pear-shaped piroplasms of B. gibsoni in 3 (1.6%) dogs. PCR was done initially with the universal primer set (B18S-F and B18S-R) amplifying the 1,665-bp portion of the 18S rRNA gene, followed by the specific primer set (Bg18F1 and Bg18R2) amplifying 2,363-bp fragments of the same gene. Accordingly, 84 (42.9%) and 8 (4.1%) dogs were positive, respectively. The current investigation shows that canine babesiosis was recorded in all islands except for Sado Island, Atsumi Peninsula, and Tanegashima Island. The highest infection rate was detected in the main island of Okinawa, while the lowest was on Ishigaki Island. Both sexes were non-significantly infected. However, the diversity of infection in islands was significantly different (P < 0.05). Although B. gibsoni has been previously found in western and eastern Japan, the present work highlights the prevalence of infection in many Japanese districts, including islands and peninsulas, giving realistic data that can facilitate treatment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Mohamed El-Dakhly
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62515, Egypt
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Canine babesiosis in northwestern India: molecular detection and assessment of risk factors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:741785. [PMID: 25013798 PMCID: PMC4075080 DOI: 10.1155/2014/741785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, a total of 214 blood samples from dogs in and around Ludhiana, Punjab (India), suspected for canine babesiosis were examined with conventional and molecular assays. Examination of Giemsa-stained peripheral thin blood smears revealed an overall prevalence of 7.47% (16/214) for canine babesiosis encompassing 0.93% (2/214) of large Babesia and 6.54% (14/214) of Babesia gibsoni. However, molecular diagnosis revealed 15.42% (33/214) samples positive for B. gibsoni infection as evident by the presence of 671 bp amplicon. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the prevalence of B. gibsoni was associated with various risk factors, namely, age (P < 0.001; OR: 0.398; CI 95%: 0.080–1.799), sex (P = 0.022; OR: 0.849; CI 95%: 0.403–1.791), breed of host (P = 0.371; OR: 3.345; CI 95%: 1.045–10.710), and season (P = 0.230; OR: 2.143; CI 95%: 0.788–5.830). The prevalence of B. gibsoni was higher in summer as compared to winter season and in younger dogs, while breed and sex of the host were not significantly associated with the occurrence of the disease.
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Dantas-Torres F, Otranto D. Dogs, cats, parasites, and humans in Brazil: opening the black box. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:22. [PMID: 24423244 PMCID: PMC3914713 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs and cats in Brazil serve as primary hosts for a considerable number of parasites, which may affect their health and wellbeing. These may include endoparasites (e.g., protozoa, cestodes, trematodes, and nematodes) and ectoparasites (i.e., fleas, lice, mites, and ticks). While some dog and cat parasites are highly host-specific (e.g., Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Felicola subrostratus for cats, and Angiostrongylus vasorum and Trichodectes canis for dogs), others may easily switch to other hosts, including humans. In fact, several dog and cat parasites (e.g., Toxoplasma gondii, Dipylidium caninum, Ancylostoma caninum, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Toxocara canis) are important not only from a veterinary perspective but also from a medical standpoint. In addition, some of them (e.g., Lynxacarus radovskyi on cats and Rangelia vitalii in dogs) are little known to most veterinary practitioners working in Brazil. This article is a compendium on dog and cat parasites in Brazil and a call for a One Health approach towards a better management of some of these parasites, which may potentially affect humans. Practical aspects related to the diagnosis, treatment, and control of parasitic diseases of dogs and cats in Brazil are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife Pernambuco 50670420, Brazil.
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Babesia infection in naturally exposed pet dogs from a north-eastern state (Assam) of India: detection by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. J Parasit Dis 2013; 38:389-93. [PMID: 25320489 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to detect Babesia infections in pet dogs of a north-eastern state of India. The diagnostic efficacy of Babesia infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has been compared with microscopy examination. For this, a total of 111 blood samples of pet dogs presented at clinical complex of the College of Veterinary Science, Guwahati, Assam with clinical signs suspected for Babesia infection subjected to the study. A total of 44 (39.63 %) dogs were diagnosed as positive for Babesia infections after microscopic examination. Among these, Babesia canis infection was diagnosed in 5 dogs (4.50 %) and B. gibsoni infection in 39 (35.13 %) dogs microscopically in Giemsa stained blood smears. Molecular diagnosis using PCR detected 63 (56.75 %) dogs positive for Babesia infection. Single infection with B. canis was found in 9 (8.10 %) dogs while B. gibsoni alone was detected in 3 (2.70 %) dogs. Mixed infections by both these species were detected in 51 (45.94 %) dogs. Overall, PCR detected 54 (48.64 %) dogs as B. gibsoni and 60 (54.05 %) dogs as B. canis positive.
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Morphological, morphometric, and molecular characterization of Hepatozoon spp. (Apicomplexa, Hepatozoidae) from naturally infected Caudisona durissa terrifica (Serpentes, Viperidae). Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1393-401. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Spolidorio MG, Labruna MB, Machado RZ, Moraes-Filho J, Zago AM, Donatele DM, Pinheiro SR, Silveira I, Caliari KM, Yoshinari NH. Survey for tick-borne zoonoses in the state of Espirito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 83:201-6. [PMID: 20595502 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood samples collected from 201 humans, 92 dogs, and 27 horses in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil, were tested by polymerase chain reaction, indirect immunofluorescence assays, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tick-borne diseases (rickettsiosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, borreliosis, babesiosis). Our results indicated that the surveyed counties are endemic for spotted fever group rickettsiosis because sera from 70 (34.8%) humans, 7 (7.6%) dogs, and 7 (25.9%) horses were reactive to at least one of the six Rickettsia species tested. Although there was evidence of ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis) and babesiosis (Babesia canis vogeli, Theileria equi) in domestic animals, no human was positive for babesiosis and only four individuals were serologically positive for E. canis. Borrelia burgdorferi-serologic reactive sera were rare among humans and horses, but encompassed 51% of the canine samples, suggesting that dogs and their ticks can be part of the epidemiological cycle of the causative agent of the Brazilian zoonosis, named Baggio-Yoshinari Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Spolidorio
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 17 (LIM17), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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