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Skliutė G, Staponkutė G, Skliutas E, Malinauskas M, Navakauskienė R. Molecular changes in endometrium origin stromal cells during initiation of cardiomyogenic differentiation induced with Decitabine, Angiotensin II and TGF- β1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16966. [PMID: 39043870 PMCID: PMC11266582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells' differentiation toward cardiac lineage is a complex process dependent on various alterations in molecular basis and regulation pathways. The aim of the study is to show that endometrium-derived stromal cells - menstrual, endometrial and endometriotic, could be an attractive source for examination of the mechanisms underlying cardiomyogenesis. After treatment with Decitabine, Angiotensin II and TGF-β1, cells demonstrated morphological dedifferentiation into early cardiomyocyte-like cells and expressed CD36, CD106, CD172a typically used to sort for human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. RT-qPCR revealed changed cells' genetic profiles, as majority of cardiac lineage differentiation related genes and cardiac ion channels (calcium, sodium, potassium) coding genes were upregulated after 6 and 13 days of exposure. Additionally, analysis of expression of various signaling proteins (FOXO1, PDGFB, TGFBR1, mTOR, VEGFA, WNT4, Notch1) coding genes showed differences between cell cultures as they seem to employ distinct signaling pathways through differentiation initiation. Early stages of differentiation had biggest impact on cardiomyogenesis related proteins (Nkx-2.5, EZH2, FOXO3a, H3K9Ac) levels, as we noticed after conducting Western blot and as expected, early cardiac transcription factor Nkx-2.5 was highly expressed and localized in nucleus of differentiating cells. These findings led us to assess endometrium origin stromal cells' potential to differentiate towards cardiomyogenic lineage and better understand the regulation of complex differentiation processes in ex vivo model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedrė Skliutė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Giedrė Staponkutė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Skliutas
- Faculty of Physics, Laser Research Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 10, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mangirdas Malinauskas
- Faculty of Physics, Laser Research Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 10, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Navakauskienė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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2
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Zhang P, Wang J, Wang X, Wang L, Xu S, Gong P. Protectin D1 Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:376-387. [PMID: 37580643 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury after the onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can be life-threatening, and there is no effective strategy for therapeutic intervention. Here, we studied the potential of protectin D1 in protecting from I/R-induced cardiac damages and investigated the underlying mechanisms. An in vivo rat model of I/R after AMI induction was established through the ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery to assess the cardiac functions and evaluate the protective effect of protectin D1. Protectin D1 protected against I/R-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the rat model, improved the cardiac function, and reduced the infarct size in myocardial tissues. The beneficial effect of protectin D1 was associated with the up-regulation of miRNA-210 and the effects on PI3K/AKT signaling and HIF-1α expression. Together, our data suggest that protectin D1 could serve as a potential cardioprotective agent against I/R-associated cardiac defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingsong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shouxian Chinese Medicine Hospital, Huainan, 232299, Anhui, China
| | - Li Wang
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Shihai Xu
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ping Gong
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Guo Y, Wang H, Lyu R, Wang J, Wang T, Shi J, Lyu L. Nanocarrier-Mediated Delivery of MicroRNAs for Fibrotic Diseases. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:53-67. [PMID: 37897655 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs that mediate the fibrotic process by regulating multiple targets. MicroRNA-based therapy can restore or inhibit miRNA expression and is expected to become an effective approach to prevent and alleviate fibrotic diseases. However, the safe, targeted, and effective delivery of miRNAs is a major challenge in translating miRNA therapy from bench to bedside. In this review, we briefly describe the pathophysiological process of fibrosis and the mechanism by which miRNAs regulate the progression of fibrosis. Additionally, we summarize the miRNA nanodelivery tools for fibrotic diseases, including chemical modifications and polymer-based, lipid-based, and exosome-based delivery systems. Further clarification of the role of miRNAs in fibrosis and the development of a novel nanodelivery system may facilitate the prevention and alleviation of fibrotic diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Rumin Lyu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingpei Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China.
| | - Lechun Lyu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Zhu W, Wang Q, Zhang J, Sun L, Hong X, Du W, Duan R, Jiang J, Ji Y, Wang H, Han B. Exosomes derived from mir-214-3p overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells promote myocardial repair. Biomater Res 2023; 27:77. [PMID: 37563655 PMCID: PMC10413540 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Exosomes are known as nanovesicles that are naturally secreted, playing an essential role in stem-mediated cardioprotection. This study mainly focused on investigating if exosomes derived from miR-214 overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show more valid cardioprotective ability in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its potential mechanisms. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from control MSCs (Ctrl-Exo) and miR-214 overexpressing MSCs (miR-214OE-Exo) and then they were delivered to cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells in vitro under hypoxia and serum deprivation (H/SD) condition or in vivo in an acutely infarcted Sprague-Dawley rat heart. Regulated genes and signal pathways by miR-214OE-Exo treatment were explored using western blot analysis and luciferase assay. RESULTS IN VITRO: , miR-214OE-Exo enhanced migration, tube-like formation in endothelial cells. In addition, miR-214OE-Exo ameliorated the survival of cardiomyocytes under H/SD. In the rat AMI model, compared to Ctrl-Exo, miR-214OE-Exo reduced myocardial apoptosis, and therefore reduced infarct size and improved cardiac function. Besides, miR-214OE-Exo accelerated angiogenesis in peri-infarct region. Mechanistically, we identified that exosomal miR-214-3p promoted cardiac repair via targeting PTEN and activating p-AKT signal pathway. CONCLUSION Exosomes derived from miR-214 overexpressing MSCs have greatly strengthened the therapeutic efficacy for treatment of AMI by promoting cardiomyocyte survival and endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Division of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Bing Han
- Division of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Holland A, Enrick M, Diaz A, Yin L. Is miR-21 A Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DISCOVERY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 2:26-36. [PMID: 37799562 PMCID: PMC10552863 DOI: 10.53941/ijddp.0201003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
microRNA-21 (miR-21) serves a multitude of functions at the molecular level through its regulation of messenger RNA. Previous research has sparked interest in the role of miR-21 as a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases. miR-21 expression contributes to the differentiation, proliferation, and maturation of many cell types, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and endothelial progenitor cells. The function of miR-21 depends upon its expression level in the specific cell types and downstream targets, which determine cell fate. Under pathological conditions, the expression level of miR-21 is altered, leading to abnormal gene regulation of downstream signaling and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Agomirs or antagomirs can be introduced into the respective tissue type to reverse or stop the progression of the disease. Exosomes in the extracellular vesicles, which mediate many cellular events with high biocompatibility, have a high potential of efficiently delivering miR-21 to their targeted cells. The critical role of miR-21 in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is indisputable, but there are controversial reports on the function of miR-21 in the same disease. This discrepancy sparks interest in better understanding the role of miR-21 in different tissues under different stages of various diseases and the mechanism of how miR-21 inhibitors work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette Holland
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Ohio 44272, USA
| | - Molly Enrick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Ohio 44272, USA
| | - Arianna Diaz
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Ohio 44272, USA
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Ohio 44272, USA
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Cho SW, Kim HK, Sung JH, Kim Y, Kim JH, Han J. Mitochondrial energy metabolic transcriptome profiles during cardiac differentiation from mouse and human pluripotent stem cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:357-365. [PMID: 36039736 PMCID: PMC9437366 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.5.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous myofibril and mitochondrial development is crucial for the cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Specifically, mitochondrial energy metabolism (MEM) development in cardiomyocytes is essential for the beating function. Although previous studies have reported that MEM is correlated with cardiac differentiation, the process and timing of MEM regulation for cardiac differentiation remain poorly understood. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis of cells at specific stages of cardiac differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and human induced PSCs (hiPSCs). We selected MEM genes strongly upregulated at cardiac lineage commitment and in a time-dependent manner during cardiac maturation and identified the protein-protein interaction networks. Notably, MEM proteins were found to interact closely with cardiac maturation-related proteins rather than with cardiac lineage commitment-related proteins. Furthermore, MEM proteins were found to primarily interact with cardiac muscle contractile proteins rather than with cardiac transcription factors. We identified several candidate MEM regulatory genes involved in cardiac lineage commitment (Cck, Bdnf, Fabp4, Cebpα, and Cdkn2a in mESC-derived cells, and CCK and NOS3 in hiPSC-derived cells) and cardiac maturation (Ppargc1α, Pgam2, Cox6a2, and Fabp3 in mESC-derived cells, and PGAM2 and SLC25A4 in hiPSC-derived cells). Therefore, our findings show the importance of MEM in cardiac maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Cardiac & Vascular Center, Goyang 10380, Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Sung
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
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Jayawardena E, Medzikovic L, Ruffenach G, Eghbali M. Role of miRNA-1 and miRNA-21 in Acute Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Their Potential as Therapeutic Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031512. [PMID: 35163436 PMCID: PMC8836257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of death. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by decreased blood flow to the coronary arteries, resulting in cardiomyocytes death. The most effective strategy for treating an MI is early and rapid myocardial reperfusion, but restoring blood flow to the ischemic myocardium can induce further damage, known as ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Novel therapeutic strategies are critical to limit myocardial IR injury and improve patient outcomes following reperfusion intervention. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that have been implicated in attenuating IR injury pathology in pre-clinical rodent models. In this review, we discuss the role of miR-1 and miR-21 in regulating myocardial apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the whole heart as well as in different cardiac cell types with special emphasis on cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells. We also examine therapeutic potential of miR-1 and miR-21 in preclinical studies. More research is necessary to understand the cell-specific molecular principles of miRNAs in cardioprotection and application to acute myocardial IR injury.
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in up to 90% of the human genome through interactions with messenger RNA (mRNA). The expression of miRNAs varies and changes in diseased and healthy states, including all stages of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). These changes in expression make miRNAs an attractive potential therapeutic target. Herein, we review the differences in miRNA expression prior to ischemia (including remote ischemic conditioning and ischemic pre-conditioning), the changes during ischemia-reperfusion, and the changes in miRNA expression after IRI, with an emphasis on inflammatory and fibrotic pathways. Additionally, we review the effects of manipulating the levels of certain miRNAs on changes in infarct size, inflammation, remodeling, angiogenesis, and cardiac function after either ischemia-reperfusion or permanent coronary ligation. Levels of target miRNA can be increased using molecular mimics ("agomirs"), or can be decreased by using "antagomirs" which are antisense molecules that act to bind and thus inactivate the target miRNA sequence. Other non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, also regulate gene expression and have a role in the regulation of IRI pathways. We review the mechanisms and downstream effects of the miRNAs that have been studied as therapy in both permanent coronary ligation and ischemia-reperfusion models.
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Qin W, Zhang L, Li Z, Xiao D, Zhang Y, Yang H, Zhang H, Xu C, Zhang Y. Metoprolol protects against myocardial infarction by inhibiting miR-1 expression in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 72:76-83. [PMID: 31702064 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metoprolol is regarded as a first-line medicine for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of miR-1 in the pharmacological function of metoprolol. METHODS In vivo MI model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation. The effects of metoprolol on infarct size and cardiac dysfunction were determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and cardiac echocardiography, respectively. In vitro oxidative stress cardiomyocyte model was established by H2 O2 treatment. The effect of metoprolol on the expression of miR-1 and connexin43 (Cx43) was quantified by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. The intercellular communication was evaluated by lucifer yellow dye diffusion. KEY FINDINGS Left anterior descending ligation-induced MI injury was markedly attenuated by metoprolol as shown by reduced infarct size and better cardiac function. Metoprolol reversed the up-regulation of miR-1 and down-regulation of Cx43 in MI heart. Moreover, in H2 O2 -stimulated cardiomyocytes, overexpression of miR-1 abolished the effects of metoprolol on Cx43 up-regulation and increased intercellular communication, indicating that miR-1 may be a necessary mediator for the cardiac protective function of metoprolol. CONCLUSIONS Metoprolol relieves MI injury via suppression miR-1, thus increasing its target protein Cx43 and improving intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Longyin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhange Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoqian Xu
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Song SY, Yoo J, Go S, Hong J, Sohn HS, Lee JR, Kang M, Jeong GJ, Ryu S, Kim SHL, Hwang NS, Char K, Kim BS. Cardiac-mimetic cell-culture system for direct cardiac reprogramming. Theranostics 2019; 9:6734-6744. [PMID: 31660065 PMCID: PMC6815967 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cardiovascular diseases often cause substantial heart damage and even heart failure due to the limited regenerative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes. The direct cardiac reprogramming of fibroblasts could be a promising therapeutic option for these patients. Although exogenous transcriptional factors can induce direct cardiac reprogramming, the reprogramming efficiency is too low to be used clinically. Herein, we introduce a cardiac-mimetic cell-culture system that resembles the microenvironment in the heart and provides interactions with cardiomyocytes and electrical cues to the cultured fibroblasts for direct cardiac reprogramming. Methods: Nano-thin and nano-porous membranes and heart like electric stimulus were used in the cardiac-mimetic cell-culture system. The human neonatal dermal fibroblasts containing cardiac transcription factors were plated on the membrane and cultured with the murine cardiomyocyte in the presence of the electric stimulus. The reprogramming efficiency was evaluated by qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Results: Nano-thin and nano-porous membranes in the culture system facilitated interactions between fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes in coculture. The cellular interactions and electric stimulation supplied by the culture system dramatically enhanced the cardiac reprogramming efficiency of cardiac-specific transcriptional factor-transfected fibroblasts. Conclusion: The cardiac-mimetic culture system may serve as an effective tool for producing a feasible number of reprogrammed cardiomyocytes from fibroblasts.
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11
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Narayanan A, Srinaath N, Rohini M, Selvamurugan N. Regulation of Runx2 by MicroRNAs in osteoblast differentiation. Life Sci 2019; 232:116676. [PMID: 31340165 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most dynamic organs in the body that continuously undergoes remodeling through bone formation and resorption. A cascade of molecules and pathways results in the osteoblast differentiation that is attributed to osteogenesis, or bone formation. The process of osteogenesis is achieved through participation of the Wnt pathway, FGFs, BMPs/TGF-β, and transcription factors such as Runx2 and Osx. The activity and function of the master transcription factor, Runx2, is of utmost significance as it can induce the function of osteoblast differentiation markers. A number of microRNAs [miRNAs] have been recently identified in the regulation of Runx2 expression/activity, thus affecting the process of osteogenesis. miRNAs that target Runx2 corepressors favor osteogenesis, while miRNAs that target Runx2 coactivators inhibit osteogenesis. In this review, we focus on the regulation of Runx2 by miRNAs in osteoblast differentiation and their potential for treating bone and bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Narayanan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Srinaath
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Rohini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Song Y, Zhang C, Zhang J, Jiao Z, Dong N, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang L. Localized injection of miRNA-21-enriched extracellular vesicles effectively restores cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2346-2360. [PMID: 31149048 PMCID: PMC6531307 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), a main cause of heart failure, leads to irreversible cardiomyocytes loss and cardiac function impairment. Current clinical treatments for MI are largely ineffective as they mostly aim to alleviate symptoms rather than repairing the injured myocardium. Thus, development of more effective therapies is compelling. This study aims to investigate whether the extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying specific anti-apoptotic miRNA can be efficiently internalized into myocardium to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes. Methods: EVs were isolated from HEK293T cells overexpressing miRNA-21 (miR21-EVs) and identified. The RNase resistant rate of miR21-EVs was calculated by real-time PCR and compared with liposomes and polyethylenimine (PEI). Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used for visualizing the cellular internalization of miR21-EVs in primary cultured mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes (CMs), H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The effect of miR21-EVs on the expression of PDCD4, a pro-apoptotic protein that plays an important role in regulating myocardial apoptosis, was also evaluated in these three cell types by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. In vivo, miR21-EVs was directly injected into the infarct zone following ligation of the left anterior descending of coronary artery in mice. The miR21-EVs distribution and blood vessel (capillary and arteriole) density were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of miRNA-21 was also carried out to confirm the miR21-EVs distribution in vitro and in vivo. The protein level of PDCD4 in myocardium was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The anti-apoptotic effect of miR21-EVs in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells were measured using TUNEL staining. Four weeks after injection, the cardiac histological and functional recovery was evaluated by histochemistry staining and echocardiography, respectively. Results: In contrast to liposomes and PEI, EVs significantly inhibited miRNA-21 degradation. MiR21-EVs efficiently delivered miRNA-21 into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells within 4 hours. Exogenous miRNA-21 in turn significantly reduced PDCD4 expression and attenuated cell apoptosis in vitro. Consistently and importantly, in a preclinical MI animal model, miRNA-21-loaded EVs effectively sent miRNA-21 into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, drastically inhibited cell apoptosis and led to significant cardiac function improvement. Conclusion: Our results suggest the cell-derived, genetically engineered EVs may be used therapeutically for the delivery of miRNAs for the rescue of MI and may benefit patients in the future.
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Gazova A, Kyselovič J, Valášková S, Raganová A, Zemková E, Labudová J, Rupčík Ľ, Kyselovičová O. Selective muscle microRNAs as novel biomarkers of aerobic or anaerobic exercise capacity. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.18.03840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Specific Cell (Re-)Programming: Approaches and Perspectives. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 163:71-115. [PMID: 29071403 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many disorders are manifested by dysfunction of key cell types or their disturbed integration in complex organs. Thereby, adult organ systems often bear restricted self-renewal potential and are incapable of achieving functional regeneration. This underlies the need for novel strategies in the field of cell (re-)programming-based regenerative medicine as well as for drug development in vitro. The regenerative field has been hampered by restricted availability of adult stem cells and the potentially hazardous features of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Moreover, ethical concerns and legal restrictions regarding the generation and use of ESCs still exist. The establishment of direct reprogramming protocols for various therapeutically valuable somatic cell types has overcome some of these limitations. Meanwhile, new perspectives for safe and efficient generation of different specified somatic cell types have emerged from numerous approaches relying on exogenous expression of lineage-specific transcription factors, coding and noncoding RNAs, and chemical compounds.It should be of highest priority to develop protocols for the production of mature and physiologically functional cells with properties ideally matching those of their endogenous counterparts. Their availability can bring together basic research, drug screening, safety testing, and ultimately clinical trials. Here, we highlight the remarkable successes in cellular (re-)programming, which have greatly advanced the field of regenerative medicine in recent years. In particular, we review recent progress on the generation of cardiomyocyte subtypes, with a focus on cardiac pacemaker cells. Graphical Abstract.
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Vandergriff A, Huang K, Shen D, Hu S, Hensley MT, Caranasos TG, Qian L, Cheng K. Targeting regenerative exosomes to myocardial infarction using cardiac homing peptide. Theranostics 2018; 8:1869-1878. [PMID: 29556361 PMCID: PMC5858505 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cardiac stem cell-derived exosomes have been demonstrated to promote cardiac regeneration following myocardial infarction in preclinical studies. Recent studies have used intramyocardial injection in order to concentrate exosomes in the infarct. Though effective in a research setting, this method is not clinically appealing due to its invasive nature. We propose the use of a targeting peptide, cardiac homing peptide (CHP), to target intravenously-infused exosomes to the infarcted heart. Methods: Exosomes were conjugated with CHP through a DOPE-NHS linker. Ex vivo targeting was analyzed by incubating organ sections with the CHP exosomes and analyzing with fluorescence microscopy. In vitro assays were performed on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cells. For the animal study, we utilized an ischemia/reperfusion rat model. Animals were treated with either saline, scramble peptide exosomes, or CHP exosomes 24 h after surgery. Echocardiography was performed 4 h after surgery and 21 d after surgery. At 21 d, animals were sacrificed, and organs were collected for analysis. Results: By conjugating the exosomes with CHP, we demonstrate increased retention of the exosomes within heart sections ex vivo and in vitro with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. In vitro studies showed improved viability, reduced apoptosis and increased exosome uptake when using CHP-XOs. Using an animal model of ischemia/reperfusion injury, we measured the heart function, infarct size, cellular proliferation, and angiogenesis, with improved outcomes with the CHP exosomes. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a novel method for increasing delivery of for treatment of myocardial infarction. By targeting exosomes to the infarcted heart, there was a significant improvement in outcomes with reduced fibrosis and scar size, and increased cellular proliferation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Vandergriff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Deliang Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Michael Taylor Hensley
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Thomas G. Caranasos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ke Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Targeting miRNA for Therapy of Juvenile and Adult Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1056:47-59. [PMID: 29754174 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74470-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), a multifactorial disease often diagnosed with high blood glucose levels, is rapidly increasing in the world. Association of DM with multi-organ dysfunction including cardiomyopathy makes it a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. There are two major types of DM: type 1 DM (T1D) and type 2 DM (T2D). T1D is diagnosed by reduced levels of insulin and high levels of glucose in the blood. It is caused due to pancreatic beta cell destruction/loss, and mostly found in juveniles (juvenile DM). T2D is diagnosed by increased levels of insulin and glucose in the blood. It is caused due to insulin receptor dysfunction, and mostly found in the adults (adult DM). Both T1D and T2D impair cardiac muscle function, which is referred to as diabetic cardiomyopathy. We and others have reported that miRNAs, a novel class of tiny non-coding regulatory RNAs, are differentially expressed in the diabetic heart and they contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Here, we elaborated the biogenesis of miRNA, how miRNA regulates a gene, cardioprotective roles of different miRNAs including miRNAs present in exosomes, underlying molecular mechanisms by which miRNA ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy, and the role of miRNA as a potential therapeutic target for juvenile and adult diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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17
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(Re-)programming of subtype specific cardiomyocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:142-167. [PMID: 28916499 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) possess a highly restricted intrinsic regenerative potential - a major barrier to the effective treatment of a range of chronic degenerative cardiac disorders characterized by cellular loss and/or irreversible dysfunction and which underlies the majority of deaths in developed countries. Both stem cell programming and direct cell reprogramming hold promise as novel, potentially curative approaches to address this therapeutic challenge. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has introduced a second pluripotent stem cell source besides embryonic stem cells (ESCs), enabling even autologous cardiomyocyte production. In addition, the recent achievement of directly reprogramming somatic cells into cardiomyocytes is likely to become of great importance. In either case, different clinical scenarios will require the generation of highly pure, specific cardiac cellular-subtypes. In this review, we discuss these themes as related to the cardiovascular stem cell and programming field, including a focus on the emergent topic of pacemaker cell generation for the development of biological pacemakers and in vitro drug testing.
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Garcia JR, Campbell PF, Kumar G, Langberg JJ, Cesar L, Wang L, García AJ, Levit RD. A Minimally Invasive, Translational Method to Deliver Hydrogels to the Heart Through the Pericardial Space. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2017; 2:601-609. [PMID: 30062173 PMCID: PMC6058920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials are a new treatment strategy for cardiovascular diseases but are difficult to deliver to the heart in a safe, precise, and translatable way. We developed a method to deliver hydrogels to the epicardium through the pericardial space. Our device creates a temporary compartment for hydrogel delivery and gelation using anatomic structures. The method minimizes risk to patients from embolization, thrombotic occlusion, and arrhythmia. In pigs there were no clinically relevant acute or subacute adverse effects from pericardial hydrogel delivery, making this a translatable strategy to deliver biomaterials to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R. Garcia
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Gautam Kumar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Cardiology, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jonathan J. Langberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Liliana Cesar
- T3 Labs-Translational, Testing and Training Laboratories, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lanfang Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrés J. García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rebecca D. Levit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Affiliation(s)
- Alayn Govea
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Randall J. Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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20
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Rangrez AY, Hoppe P, Kuhn C, Zille E, Frank J, Frey N, Frank D. MicroRNA miR-301a is a novel cardiac regulator of Cofilin-2. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183901. [PMID: 28886070 PMCID: PMC5590826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calsarcin-1 deficient mice develop dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) phenotype in pure C57BL/6 genetic background (Cs1-ko) despite severe contractile dysfunction and robust activation of fetal gene program. Here we performed a microRNA microarray to identify the molecular causes of this cardiac phenotype that revealed the dysregulation of several microRNAs including miR-301a, which was highly downregulated in Cs1-ko mice compared to the wild-type littermates. Cofilin-2 (Cfl2) was identified as one of the potential targets of miR-301a using prediction databases, which we validated by luciferase assay and mutation of predicted binding sites. Furthermore, expression of miR-301a contrastingly regulated Cfl2 expression levels in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCM). Along these lines, Cfl2 was significantly upregulated in Cs1-ko mice, indicating the physiological association between miR-301a and Cfl2 in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that Cfl2 activated serum response factor response element (SRF-RE) driven luciferase activity in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and in C2C12 cells. Similarly, knockdown of miR301a activated, whereas, its overexpression inhibited the SRF-RE driven luciferase activity, further strengthening physiological interaction between miR-301a and Cfl2. Interestingly, the expression of SRF and its target genes was strikingly increased in Cs1-ko suggesting a possible in vivo correlation between expression levels of Cfl2/miR-301a and SRF activation, which needs to be independently validated. In summary, our data demonstrates that miR-301a regulates Cofilin-2 in vitro in NRVCM, and in vivo in Cs1-ko mice. Our findings provide an additional and important layer of Cfl2 regulation, which we believe has an extended role in cardiac signal transduction and dilated cardiomyopathy presumably due to the reported involvement of Cfl2 in these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Phillip Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elisa Zille
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johanne Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
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Pinti MV, Hathaway QA, Hollander JM. Role of microRNA in metabolic shift during heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 312:H33-H45. [PMID: 27742689 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00341.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is an end point resulting from a number of disease states. The prognosis for HF patients is poor with survival rates precipitously low. Energy metabolism is centrally linked to the development of HF, and it involves the proteomic remodeling of numerous pathways, many of which are targeted to the mitochondrion. microRNAs (miRNA) are noncoding RNAs that influence posttranscriptional gene regulation. miRNA have garnered considerable attention for their ability to orchestrate changes to the transcriptome, and ultimately the proteome, during HF. Recently, interest in the role played by miRNA in the regulation of energy metabolism at the mitochondrion has emerged. Cardiac proteome remodeling during HF includes axes impacting hypertrophy, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and metabolic fuel transition. Although it is established that the pathological environment of hypoxia and hemodynamic stress significantly contribute to the HF phenotype, it remains unclear as to the mechanistic underpinnings driving proteome remodeling. The aim of this review is to present evidence highlighting the role played by miRNA in these processes as a means for linking pathological stimuli with proteomic alteration. The differential expression of proteins of substrate transport, glycolysis, β-oxidation, ketone metabolism, the citric acid cycle (CAC), and the electron transport chain (ETC) are paralleled by the differential expression of miRNA species that modulate these processes. Identification of miRNAs that translocate to cardiomyocyte mitochondria (miR-181c, miR-378) influencing the expression of the mitochondrial genome-encoded transcripts as well as suggested import modulators are discussed. Current insights, applications, and challenges of miRNA-based therapeutics are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark V Pinti
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Bioenergentics Working Group, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Quincy A Hathaway
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Bioenergentics Working Group, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - John M Hollander
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Bioenergentics Working Group, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Yan W, Chen ZY, Chen JQ, Chen HM. BMP2 promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells into dopaminergic neurons in vitro via miR-145-mediated upregulation of Nurr1 expression. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3689-3699. [PMID: 27725851 PMCID: PMC5040669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural stem cells (NSCs) are pluripotent and self-renewing cells which could differentiate into diverse types of neural cells, such as dopaminergic (DA) neurons, the loss of which is the typical characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to examine the molecular mechanisms of BMP2-mediating NSCs differentiation into DA neurons. METHODS Different concentrations of BMP2 were used to induce the differentiation of NSCs into DA neurons, which were characterized by the number and the neurite lengths of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+ and dopamine transporter (DAT)+ neurons by immunocytochemistry. qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to explore the expression of miR-145 and Nurr1. The methylation level of miR-145 promoter was examined by DNA methylation analyses. The regulation of miR-145 on Nurr1 was detected by Dual-Luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS The number of TH+ and DAT+ neurons were significantly increased in NSCs treated with 20 and 100 ng/ml of BMP2, as well as the neurite lengths of TH+ and DAT+ neurons. The reduced level of miR-145 and up-regulated Nurr1 were observed in NSCs induced by BMP2. The hypermethylation level of miR-145 promoter down-regulated the expression of miR-145 in NSCs pretreated with BMP2, which was regulated by DNMT3b. Luciferase reporter assay showed that Nurr1 was a direct target of miR-145. miR-145 overexpression restrained the differentiating effect of BMP2. Moreover, overexpression of Nurr1 abrogated this effect of miR-145 overexpression. CONCLUSION Our results showed that BMP2 promoted the differentiation of NSCs into DA neurons in vitro and miR-145 and Nurr1 were involved in the neurotrophic effects of BMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yan
- Neurological Department of Internal Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Chen
- Neurological Department of Internal Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- Neurological Department of Internal Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Hui-Min Chen
- Neurological Department of Internal Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital Ningbo 315000, China
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Mallone A, Weber B, Hoerstrup SP. Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies: Update and Future Outlook. Transfus Med Hemother 2016; 43:291-296. [PMID: 27721705 DOI: 10.1159/000447749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the effort of improving treatment for cardiovascular disease (CVD), scientists struggle with the lack of the regenerative capacities of finally differentiated cardiovascular tissues. In this context, the advancements in regenerative medicine contributed to the development of cell-based therapies as well as macro- and micro-scale tissue-engineering technologies. The current experimental approaches focus on different regenerative strategies including a broad spectrum of techniques such as paracrine-based stimulation of autologous cardiac stem cells, mesenchymal cell injections, 3D microtissue culture techniques and vascular tissue-engineering methods. These potential next-generation strategies are leading the way to a revolution in addressing CVD, and numerous studies are now undertaken to assess their therapeutic value. With this review, we provide an update on the current research directions, on their major challenges, limitations, and achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mallone
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Weber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
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