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Wang X, Qiu T, Wu Y, Yang C, Li Y, Du G, He Y, Liu W, Liu R, Chen CH, Shi Y, Pan J, Zhou J, Jiang D, Chen C. Arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 methylates and stabilizes KLF5 via decreasing its phosphorylation and ubiquitination to promote basal-like breast cancer. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2931-2945. [PMID: 33972717 PMCID: PMC8481478 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is an oncogenic factor that is highly expressed in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) and promotes cell proliferation, survival, migration, stemness, and tumor growth; however, its posttranslational modifications are poorly defined. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is also an oncogene implicated in various carcinomas, including breast cancer. In this study, we found that PRMT5 interacts with KLF5 and catalyzes the di-methylation of KLF5 at Arginine 57 (R57) in a methyltransferase activity-dependent manner in BLBC cells. Depletion or pharmaceutical inhibition (using PJ-68) of PRMT5 decreased the expression of KLF5 and its downstream target genes in vitro and in vivo. PRMT5-induced KLF5R57me2 antagonizes GSK3β-mediated KLF5 phosphorylation and subsequently Fbw7-mediated KLF5 ubiquitination and coupled degradation. Functionally, PRMT5 promotes breast cancer stem cell maintenance and proliferation, at least partially, by stabilizing KLF5. PRMT5 and KLF5 protein levels were positively correlated in clinical BLBCs. Taken together, PRMT5 methylates KLF5 to prevent its phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation, and thus promotes breast cancer stem cell maintenance and proliferation. These findings suggest that PRMT5 is a potential therapeutic target for BLBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chuanyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Guangshi Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yaohui He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Huizi Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingxuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Dewei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Li J, Liu L, Zhou W, Cai L, Xu Z, Rane MJ. Roles of Krüppel-like factor 5 in kidney disease. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2342-2355. [PMID: 33523554 PMCID: PMC7933973 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a member of the Krüppel-like factors' (KLFs) family. KLF5 regulates a number of cellular functions, such as apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, KLF5 can play a role in many diseases, including, cancer, cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal disorders. An important role for KLF5 in the kidney was recently reported, such that KLF5 regulated podocyte apoptosis, renal cell proliferation, tubulointerstitial inflammation and renal fibrosis. In this review, we have summarized the available information in the literature with a brief description on how transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications of KLF5 modulate its function in a variety of organs including the kidney with a focus of its importance on the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases. Furthermore, we also have outlined the current and possible mechanisms of KLF5 activation in kidney diseases. These studies suggest a need for more systemic investigations, particularly for generation of animal models with renal cell-specific deletion or overexpression of KLF5 gene to examine direct contributions of KLF5 to various kidney diseases. This will promote further experimentation in the development of therapies to prevent or treat various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of NephrologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of RadiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Wen‐Qian Zhou
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- The Center of Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Zhong‐Gao Xu
- Department of NephrologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Madhavi J. Rane
- Department of MedicineDivision of NephrologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
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Stevenson BW, Gorman MA, Koach J, Cheung BB, Marshall GM, Parker MW, Holien JK. A structural view of PA2G4 isoforms with opposing functions in cancer. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16100-16112. [PMID: 32952126 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.014293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of proliferation-associated protein 2G4 (PA2G4), alternatively known as ErbB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1), in cancer has become apparent over the past 20 years. PA2G4 expression levels are correlated with prognosis in a range of human cancers, including neuroblastoma, cervical, brain, breast, prostate, pancreatic, hepatocellular, and other tumors. There are two PA2G4 isoforms, PA2G4-p42 and PA2G4-p48, and although both isoforms of PA2G4 regulate cellular growth and differentiation, these isoforms often have opposing roles depending on the context. Therefore, PA2G4 can function either as a contextual tumor suppressor or as an oncogene, depending on the tissue being studied. However, it is unclear how distinct structural features of the two PA2G4 isoforms translate into different functional outcomes. In this review, we examine published structures to identify important structural and functional components of PA2G4 and consider how they may explain its crucial role in the malignant phenotype. We will highlight the lysine-rich regions, protein-protein interaction sites, and post-translational modifications of the two PA2G4 isoforms and relate these to the functional cellular role of PA2G4. These data will enable a better understanding of the function and structure relationship of the two PA2G4 isoforms and highlight the care that will need to be undertaken for those who wish to conduct isoform-specific structure-based drug design campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A Gorman
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Koach
- Department of Pediatrics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belamy B Cheung
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica K Holien
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Science, College of Science, Engineering, and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Wang Y, Zhang P, Wang Y, Zhan P, Liu C, Mao JH, Wei G. Distinct Interactions of EBP1 Isoforms with FBXW7 Elicits Different Functions in Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1983-1996. [PMID: 28209614 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ErbB3 receptor-binding protein EBP1 encodes two alternatively spliced isoforms P48 and P42. While there is evidence of differential roles for these isoforms in tumorigenesis, little is known about their underlying mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that EBP1 isoforms interact with the SCF-type ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 in distinct ways to exert opposing roles in tumorigenesis. EBP1 P48 bound to the WD domain of FBXW7 as an oncogenic substrate of FBXW7. EBP1 P48 binding sequestered FBXW7α to the cytosol, modulating its role in protein degradation and attenuating its tumor suppressor function. In contrast, EBP1 P42 bound to both the F-box domain of FBXW7 as well as FBXW7 substrates. This adapter function of EBP1 P42 stabilized the interaction of FBXW7 with its substrates and promoted FBXW7-mediated degradation of oncogenic targets, enhancing its overall tumor-suppressing function. Overall, our results establish distinct physical and functional interactions between FBXW7 and EBP1 isoforms, which yield their mechanistically unique isoform-specific functions of EBP1 in cancer. Cancer Res; 77(8); 1983-96. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, PR China
| | - Pengju Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, PR China.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Panpan Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California.
| | - Guangwei Wei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, PR China.
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Jiang W, Zheng B, Zhang XH, Yue LY, Liu C, Ma D, Yang Z, Wen JK. Tongxinluo inhibits neointimal formation by regulating the expression and post-translational modification of KLF5 in macrophages. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:4778-4790. [PMID: 27904679 PMCID: PMC5126321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia is a common pathological characteristic in diverse vascular remodeling diseases. The inflammatory response that follows vascular injury plays an important role in intimal hyperplasia. Tongxinluo (TXL), a traditional Chinese medicine, can ameliorate neointimal formation via suppressing vascular inflammatory response induced by vascular injury. However, the mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory and anti-intimal hyperplasia of TXL are still not fully understood. The aim of present study was to examine whether the expression and post-translational modification of KLF5 were involved in the vasoprotective effects of TXL. In vivo, TXL inhibited neointimal formation induced by carotid artery injury. In vitro, TNF-α treatment of macrophages resulted in the increased proliferation and migration, but the effects of TNF-α on macrophages were blocked by TXL treatment. Next, KLF5 expression was up-regulated by carotid artery injury in vivo, as well as by exposure of macrophages to TNF-α in vitro, whereas TXL treatment abrogated the up-regulation of KLF5 by TNF-α or vascular injury. Intimal hyperplasia was strongly reduced in macrophage-specific KLF5 knockout (KLF5ly-/-) mice, indicating that TXL inhibits intimal hyperplasia by suppression of KLF5 expression. Furthermore, besides down-regulating KLF5 expression in macrophages, TXL also regulated KLF5 stability by ubiquitination and sumoylation of KLF5. Finally, TNF-α induced KLF5 sumoylation via PI3K/Akt signaling, whereas TXL inhibited Akt phosphorylation induced by TNF-α. We conclude that the multiple ingredients in TXL may act on different targets, which in turn generates a range of actions that manifest as a comprehensively vasoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Ling-Yan Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Chan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Dong Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Jin-Kun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
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Abstract
Rapidly accumulating data indicate that F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (Fbxw7) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancers and regulates a network of crucial oncoproteins. These studies have generated important new insights into tumorigenesis and may soon enable therapies targeting the Fbxw7 pathway. We searched PubMed, Embase, and ISI Web of Science databases (1973-2015, especially recent 5 years) for articles published in the English language using the key words "Fbxw7," "Fbw7," "hCDC4," and "Sel-10," and we reviewed recent developments in the search for Fbxw7. Fbxw7 coordinates the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of several critical cellular regulators, thereby controlling essential processes, such as cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis. Fbxw7 contains 3 isoforms (Fbxw7α, Fbxw7β, and Fbxw7γ), and they are differently regulated in subtract recognition. Besides those, Fbxw7 activity is controlled at different levels, resulting in specific and tunable regulation of the abundance and activity of its substrates in a variety of human solid tumor types, including glioma malignancy, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, melanoma as well as colorectal, lung, breast, gastric, liver, pancreatic, renal, prostate, endometrial, and esophageal cancers. Fbxw7 is strongly associated with tumorigenesis, and the mechanisms and consequences of Fbxw7 deregulation in cancers may soon enable the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- From the Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute (JC, Z-QL); and Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China (JC, M-HG)
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Vriend J, Ghavami S, Marzban H. The role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in cerebellar development and medulloblastoma. Mol Brain 2015; 8:64. [PMID: 26475605 PMCID: PMC4609148 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar granule cells precursors are derived from the upper rhombic lip and migrate tangentially independent of glia along the subpial stream pathway to form the external germinal zone. Postnatally, granule cells migrate from the external germinal zone radially through the Purkinje cell layer, guided by Bergmann glia fibers, to the internal granular cell layer. Medulloblastomas (MBs) are the most common malignant childhood brain tumor. Many of these tumors develop from precursor cells of the embryonic rhombic lips. Four main groups of MB are recognized. The WNT group of MBs arise primarily from the lower rhombic lip and embryonic brainstem. The SHH group of MBs originate from cerebellar granule cell precursors in the external germinal zone of the embryonic cerebellum. The cellular origins of type 3 and type 4 MBs are not clear. Several ubiquitin ligases are revealed to be significant factors in development of the cerebellum as well as in the initiation and maintenance of MBs. Proteasome dysfunction at a critical stage of development may be a major factor in determining whether progenitor cells which are destined to become granule cells differentiate normally or become MB cells. We propose the hypothesis that proteasomal activity is essential to regulate the critical transition between proliferating granule cells and differentiated granule cells and that proteasome dysfunction may lead to MB. Proteasome dysfunction could also account for various mutations in MBs resulting from deficiencies in DNA checkpoint and repair mechanisms prior to development of MBs. Data showing a role for the ubiquitin ligases β-TrCP, FBW7, Huwe1, and SKP2 in MBs suggest the possibility of a classification of MBs based on the expression (over expression or under expression) of specific ubiquitin ligases which function as oncogenes, tumor suppressors or cell cycle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rm129, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rm129, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Hassan Marzban
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rm129, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.
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Maehara O, Sato F, Natsuizaka M, Asano A, Kubota Y, Itoh J, Tsunematsu S, Terashita K, Tsukuda Y, Nakai M, Sho T, Suda G, Morikawa K, Ogawa K, Chuma M, Nakagawa K, Ohnishi S, Komatsu Y, Whelan KA, Nakagawa H, Takeda H, Sakamoto N. A pivotal role of Krüppel-like factor 5 in regulation of cancer stem-like cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1453-61. [PMID: 26176896 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there exists a highly tumorigenic subset of cells defined by high expression of CD44 and CD133 that has been reported to contain cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) regulates many factors involved in cell cycle, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis and stemness and has cancer-promoting effects in some cancers. While some reports have indicated that KLF5 may have important roles in regulation of CSCs, what role, if any, KLF5 plays in regulation of CSCs in HCC remains to be elucidated. Flow cytometric analysis of CD44 and CD133 in HCC cell lines revealed subpopulations of CD44(High)/CD133(High) and CD44(Low)/CD133(Low) cells. We subsequently sorted these subpopulations and identified KLF5 as a gene that is significantly upregulated in CD44(High)/CD44(High) cells via RNA sequencing using next generation sequencing technology. Moreover, KLF5 overexpression enriched the CD44(High)/CD133(High) subpopulation and, consistent with the up-regulation of CD44(High)/CD133(High) cells, KLF5 overexpressing cells were more resistant to anti-cancer drugs and displayed enhanced colony-formation capacity. By contrast, knock-down of KLF5 by siRNA diminished the CD44(High)/CD133(High) subpopulation. When KLF5 was acetylated by TGF-β1, the KLF5-mediated CD44(High)/CD133(High) subpopulation enrichment was abrogated. Oppositely, ectopic expression of an acetylation-deficient KLF5 mutant further increased CD44(High)/CD133(High) subpopulations as compared to cell expressing wild-type KLF5. These findings provide novel mechanistic insight into a pivotal role for KLF5 in the regulation of CSCs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Maehara
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan.,b Pathophysiology and Therapeutics ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Sato
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Ayaka Asano
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan.,b Pathophysiology and Therapeutics ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kubota
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Jun Itoh
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Seiji Tsunematsu
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Katsumi Terashita
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Yoko Tsukuda
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Takuya Sho
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Kenichi Morikawa
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Makoto Chuma
- c Gastroenterological Center ; Yokohama City University Medical Center ; Yokohama , Japan
| | - Koji Nakagawa
- b Pathophysiology and Therapeutics ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohnishi
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Yoshito Komatsu
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- d Gastroenterology Division ; University of Pennsylvania ; Philadelphia , PA USA.,e Abramson Cancer Center ; Philadelphia , PA USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- d Gastroenterology Division ; University of Pennsylvania ; Philadelphia , PA USA.,e Abramson Cancer Center ; Philadelphia , PA USA
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- b Pathophysiology and Therapeutics ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science ; Sapporo , Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine ; Sapporo , Japan
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