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Keshavarz-Rezaei M, Hatamian-Zarmi A, Alvandi H, Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh B, Mokhtari-Hosseini ZB. The HbA1c and blood glucose response to selenium-rich polysaccharide from Fomes fomentarius loaded solid lipid nanoparticles as a potential antidiabetic agent in rats. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213084. [PMID: 36027667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fomes fomentarius is a medicinal fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various illnesses. Antidiabetic effects of F. fomentarius extracts have been reported recently. In this study, F. fomentarius extracellular polysaccharide (PS) was prepared, and then to enhance its antidiabetic effects, Na2SeO3 was added to the culture medium, and selenium-polysaccharide (PS-Se) was obtained. Also, solid lipid nanoparticles containing PS (SLN-PS) and PS-Se (SLN-PS-Se) were synthesized by the microemulsion method to compare their effects with free polysaccharides in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Optimized SLNs had a size of 170.5 nm and drug loading of 9.27 %. EDS analysis confirmed that Se presence in PS-Se. Characterization analyses such as FTIR, DSC, TGA, and XRD suggested that SLNs have good thermal stability and crystalline nature. Release of PS from SLNs demonstrated sustained profile, and MTT assay proved that PSs and SLNs have no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, oral administration of PS, PS-Se, SLN-PS, and SLN-PS-Se for 28 days to diabetic rats significantly declined blood glucose by 48.24 %, 49.96 %, 55.50 %, and 60.47 %, respectively. Also, insulin secretion and body weight improved, and HbA1c levels decreased. Treatment by PS, PS-Se, SLN-PS, and SLN-PS-Se alleviated lipid profiles, liver enzymes, and serum proteins. Liver anti-oxidant parameters and histopathological observation of the liver, pancreas, and kidney confirmed that F. fomentarius PSs and SLNs have antidiabetic impacts. Moreover, supplementation of PS with selenium improves its anti-hyperglycemic effects. Finally, SLN-PS and SLN-PS-Se showed a higher antidiabetic impact than free PS and PS-Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Keshavarz-Rezaei
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashrafalsadat Hatamian-Zarmi
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hale Alvandi
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Beagom Mokhtari-Hosseini
- Chemical Engineering Group, Faculty of Petroleum and Petrochemical Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
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Hossain MS, Barua A, Tanim MAH, Hasan MS, Islam MJ, Hossain MR, Emon NU, Hossen SMM. Ganoderma applanatum mushroom provides new insights into the management of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic degeneration: A comprehensive analysis. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4364-4374. [PMID: 34401085 PMCID: PMC8358375 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects of methanol and aqueous extracts of Ganoderma applanatum (MEGA, AEGA) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The antidiabetic study was implemented by the induction of alloxan to the rats. The analysis of the hypolipidemic and liver-protective effects of fungus extracts was studied by estimating the lipid profile and the liver marker enzymes. Besides, in silico screening of the compounds of Ganoderma applanatum has been incorporated thus to check the binding affinity of compounds and enzymes affinity. The Discovery Studio 2020, UCSF Chimera, and PyRx AutoDock Vina have been used to implement the docking analysis. Nine days of oral feeding of MEGA and AEGA of Ganoderma applanatum resulted in a significant (p < .001) reduction in blood glucose, lipid profile, and liver marker enzymes. Besides, Myrocin C scored the highest score in the docking study. The biological and computational approaches suggested the MEGA and AEGA could be a potential source for antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anik Barua
- Department of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Sharif Hasan
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Biological ScienceUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | - Mohammad Jahedul Islam
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Biological ScienceUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | - Md. Rabiul Hossain
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Science and Technology ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Science and EngineeringInternational Islamic University ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | - S M Moazzem Hossen
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Biological ScienceUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
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Zhang FL, Shi C, Sun LT, Yang HX, He J, Li ZH, Feng T, Liu JK. Chemical constituents and their biological activities from the mushroom Pyropolyporus fomentarius. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 183:112625. [PMID: 33360646 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chemical constituents and their biological activities of the mushroom Pyropolyporus fomentarius were investigated in this study. Two previously undescribed pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenes, 3-formyloxybetulin and 3-formyloxybetulinic acid, two rare degraded ergosterols, pyropolincisterols A and B, along with ten known triterpenoids and four known ergosterols were isolated from the fruiting bodies of P. fomentarius. Their chemical structures were determined using a combination of spectroscopic analysis. Nine compounds exhibited certain cytotoxicities to human cancer cell lines, while polyporenic acid showed significant cytotoxicities to SMMC-7721 and A-549 with IC50 values less than 10 μM. Four compounds showed inhibitory activities against nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages with IC50 values of 36.3, 25.1, 21.4, and 34.2 μM, respectively. The results of this assessment suggested that the lanostane triterpenoids and ergosterols in fruiting bodies of P. fomentarius played key roles in its folk usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Chen Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Li-Tang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Hui-Xiang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Juan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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Aramabašić Jovanović J, Mihailović M, Uskoković A, Grdović N, Dinić S, Vidaković M. The Effects of Major Mushroom Bioactive Compounds on Mechanisms That Control Blood Glucose Level. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:58. [PMID: 33467194 PMCID: PMC7830770 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by high level of glucose in the blood. Diabetes and its chronic complications have a significant impact on human life, health systems, and countries' economies. Currently, there are many commercial hypoglycemic drugs that are effective in controlling hyperglycemia but with several serious side-effects and without a sufficient capacity to significantly alter the course of diabetic complications. Over many centuries mushrooms and their bioactive compounds have been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, especially polysaccharides and terpenoids derived from various mushroom species. This review summarizes the effects of these main mushroom secondary metabolites on diabetes and underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for lowering blood glucose. In vivo and in vitro data revealed that treatment with mushroom polysaccharides displayed an anti-hyperglycemic effect by inhibiting glucose absorption efficacy, enhancing pancreatic β-cell mass, and increasing insulin-signaling pathways. Mushroom terpenoids act as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and as insulin sensitizers through activation of PPARγ in order to reduce hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes. In conclusion, mushroom polysaccharides and terpenoids can effectively ameliorate hyperglycemia by various mechanisms and can be used as supportive candidates for prevention and control of diabetes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Aramabašić Jovanović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (A.U.); (N.G.); (S.D.); (M.V.)
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Wang Y, Li H, Li Y, Zhao Y, Xiong F, Liu Y, Xue H, Yang Z, Ni S, Sahil A, Che H, Wang L. Coriolus versicolor
alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting cardiac fibrosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2737-2748. [PMID: 31338905 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiu Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Yihan Zhao
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Fangfei Xiong
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Yining Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyHarbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Hongru Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyHarbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyHarbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Sha Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyHarbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Abbas Sahil
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Hui Che
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
- Institute of Chronic DiseaseHeilongjiang Academy of Medical Science Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
- Institute of Chronic DiseaseHeilongjiang Academy of Medical Science Harbin Heilongjiang Province 150001 China
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Anti-Obesity Effects of Medicinal and Edible Mushrooms. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112880. [PMID: 30400600 PMCID: PMC6278646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a group of metabolic disorders caused by multiple factors, including heredity, diet, lifestyle, societal determinants, environment, and infectious agents, which can all lead to the enhancement of storage body fat. Excess visceral fat mass in adipose tissue generate several metabolic disorders, including cardiovascular diseases with chronic inflammation based pathophysiology. The objective of the current review is to summarize the cellular mechanisms of obesity that attenuate by antioxidant potentials of medicinal and edible mushrooms. Studies have showed that mushrooms potentially have antioxidant capacities, which increase the antioxidant defense systems in cells. They boost anti-inflammatory actions and thereby protect against obesity-related hypertension and dyslipidemia. The practice of regular consumption of mushrooms is effective in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, and thus could be a good candidate for use in future pharmaceutical or nutraceutical applications.
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Wang Y, Shi X, Yin J, Nie S. Bioactive polysaccharide from edible Dictyophora spp.: Extraction, purification, structural features and bioactivities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Wang X, Wang P, Xiao Y, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu Q. Fruit Extract from Pyropolyporus fomentarius (L. ex Fr.) Teng Induces Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells but Enhances Immunomodulatory Activities of Splenic Lymphocytes. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:708-17. [PMID: 27115601 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1158290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyropolyporus fomentarius (L. ex Fr.) Teng is a unique woody mushroom due to its medicinal value with numerous pharmacological activities. This study presented the potential antitumor and immunomodulatory properties of ethanol extract of P. fomentarius. The results showed that P. fomentarius extract inhibited the viability of murine leukemia L1210 cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 69.35 μg/ml. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the extract induced apoptosis in L1210 cells. Additionally, the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed as well as the changes of caspase-3, caspase-9, Bcl-2, and Bax, suggesting that proapoptosis effect of the extract involved mitochondria-related pathway. Simultaneously, the P. fomentarius extract significantly enhanced the proliferation and activation of splenic lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. This P. fomentarius extract has potential applications as a natural antitumor agent with immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Li
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Mushroom Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yuetao Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Mushroom Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Mushroom Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , China
| | - Pan Wang
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Mushroom Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yaping Xiao
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Mushroom Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , China
| | - Xiaoxia Cheng
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Mushroom Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Mushroom Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yilin Liu
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Mushroom Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Mushroom Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , China
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Rahman MA, Abdullah N, Aminudin N. Inhibitory effect on in vitro LDL oxidation and HMG Co-A reductase activity of the liquid-liquid partitioned fractions of Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Persoon (lion's mane mushroom). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:828149. [PMID: 24959591 PMCID: PMC4052699 DOI: 10.1155/2014/828149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been strongly suggested as the key factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Mushrooms have been implicated in having preventive effects against chronic diseases due especially to their antioxidant properties. In this study, in vitro inhibitory effect of Hericium erinaceus on LDL oxidation and the activity of the cholesterol biosynthetic key enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG Co-A) reductase, was evaluated using five liquid-liquid solvent fractions consisting of methanol : dichloromethane (M : DCM), hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and aqueous residue (AQ). The hexane fraction showed the highest inhibition of oxidation of human LDL as reflected by the increased lag time (100 mins) for the formation of conjugated diene (CD) at 1 µg/mL and decreased production (68.28%, IC50 0.73 mg/mL) of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at 1 mg/mL. It also mostly inhibited (59.91%) the activity of the HMG Co-A reductase at 10 mg/mL. The GC-MS profiling of the hexane fraction identified the presence of myconutrients: inter alia, ergosterol and linoleic acid. Thus, hexane fraction of Hericium erinaceus was found to be the most potent in vitro inhibitor of both LDL oxidation and HMG Co-A reductase activity having therapeutic potential for the prevention of oxidative stress-mediated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azizur Rahman
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh
| | - Noorlidah Abdullah
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhaniza Aminudin
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Miranda-Nantes CCBO, Fonseca EAI, Zaia CTBV, Dekker RFH, Khaper N, Castro IA, Barbosa AM. Hypoglycemic and Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Botryosphaeran from Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 in Diabetes-Induced and Hyperlipidemia Conditions in Rats. MYCOBIOLOGY 2011; 39:187-193. [PMID: 22783102 PMCID: PMC3385115 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2011.39.3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Botryosphaeran, a water-soluble exopolysaccharide of the β-(1 → 3;1 → 6)-D-glucan type that has been isolated from the culture medium of Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 grown in submerged fermentation using glucose as the sole carbon source, was previously demonstrated to be non-genotoxic in peripheral blood and bone marrow, and exhibited strong anticlastogenic activity. In the present study, the effects of botryosphaeran were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as well as in high-fat diet-fed hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. The plasma glucose level was reduced by 52% in the diabetic group of rats after administration of 12 mg botryosphaeran/kg body weight of the rats (b.w.)/day by gavage over 15 days. A reduction in the median ration intake was accompanied by an increase in the median body weight gain, as well as the efficiency of food conversion. These results demonstrate that botryosphaeran has protective effects by reducing the symptoms of cachexia in Diabetes mellitus. Botryosphaeran administered by gavage at a concentration of 12 mg botryosphaeran/kg b.w./day over 15 days also reduced the plasma levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol by 18% and 27%, respectively, in hyperlipidemic rats. Based on these findings, we conclude that botryosphaeran possesses hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic properties in conditions of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, respectively, and may be used as an oral anti-diabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina C B O Miranda-Nantes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotecnology, CCE, State University of Londrina, P. O. Box 6001, Londrina 86051-990, PR, Brazil
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