1
|
Manyelo TG, Sebola NA, Ng'ambi JW, Weeks W, Mabelebele M. The Influence of Different Amaranth Leaf Meal Inclusion Levels on Performance, Blood Profiles, and Gut Organ Characteristics of Ross 308 Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:869149. [PMID: 35601401 PMCID: PMC9114866 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.869149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of varying inclusion levels of amaranth leaf meal on the performance, blood profiles, and gut organ characteristics of Ross 308 broiler chickens. A total of 200, day-old, Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments in a complete randomized design, with each group having four replicates with ten chicks. Amaranth leaf meal (ALM) inclusion levels used in this study were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly to calculate the feed conversion ratio. Gut organ weights, lengths, organ pH, and blood profiles were measured and the general linear model of statistical analysis software was used to analyze collected data. ALM had no effect (p > 0.05) on feed intake, body weight, or the feed conversion ratio of Ross 308 broiler chickens between 1–21 and 22–42 days, respectively. Furthermore, ALM inclusion levels had no effect (p > 0.05) on dry matter (DM) or gross energy (GE) digestibility of Ross 308 broiler chickens. Ross 308 broiler chickens, which were fed with 5% ALM inclusion levels, had higher (p < 0.05) white blood cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils than those fed with diets containing 0, 10, 15, and 20%. Chickens that were fed with 0 and 20% ALM inclusion levels had higher (p < 0.05) heterophils than those fed with diets containing 5, 10, and 15%. Chickens that were fed with 15% ALM inclusion levels had higher (p < 0.05) monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils than those fed with diets containing 0, 10, and 20%. Apart from Ile, ALM inclusion of 5 and 10% had higher (p < 0.05) essential and nonessential amino acid digestibility in Ross 308 broiler chickens. ALM inclusion levels had no effect (p > 0.05) on gut organ lengths or weights of Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 21 and 42 days. In conclusion, 5, 10, and 15% ALM inclusion levels can be included in broiler chicken diets as they showed favor in most of the affected parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tlou Grace Manyelo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Jones Wilfred Ng'ambi
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - William Weeks
- Agricultural Research Services, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Monnye Mabelebele
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Monnye Mabelebele
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schmidt D, Verruma-Bernardi MR, Forti VA, Borges MTMR. Quinoa and Amaranth as Functional Foods: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1950175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Davi Schmidt
- MSc Program in Agroecology and Rural Development, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, Brazil
| | - Marta Regina Verruma-Bernardi
- Department of Agro Industrial Technology and Rural Socio-Economics, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, Brazil
| | - Victor Augusto Forti
- Department of Agro Industrial Technology and Rural Socio-Economics, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oteri M, Gresta F, Costale A, Lo Presti V, Meineri G, Chiofalo B. Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. as a Sustainable Source of Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds for Animal Feeding. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:876. [PMID: 34070822 PMCID: PMC8229450 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim to explore the use of A. hypochondriacus seeds for animal feeding, the agronomic traits, nutrients, and bioactive compounds of four accessions with different origin (India, Nebraska, Iowa, and Pennsylvania) grown in a Mediterranean environment were studied. Proximate composition was determined using the official methods of analyses, fatty acid profile by gas chromatography, total phenolic content (TPC) and the scavenging activity (DPPH• and ABTS•+) by colorimetric method. A one-way ANOVA model was performed to determine the differences between accessions. The four A. hypochondriacus accessions showed interesting seed yield results. No significant differences were observed for crude protein and crude fiber; the oil content showed the significant highest values in the seeds from Nebraska and Pennsylvania, but their nutritional characteristics were significantly different. The accession from Nebraska showed the highest oleic and linoleic acid levels, the highest values of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the best atherogenic and thrombogenic indices and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolaemic ratio, and the highest TPC content. The accession from Pennsylvania showed the highest antioxidant activity and lowest peroxidation index. On the whole, A. hypochondriacus seeds can be used as pseudo-cereal to balance the animal diet and the accession should be chosen according to the different metabolic pathways of unsaturated fatty acids in ruminant and monogastric animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Oteri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.O.); (F.G.); (V.L.P.)
| | - Fabio Gresta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.O.); (F.G.); (V.L.P.)
| | - Annalisa Costale
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Lo Presti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.O.); (F.G.); (V.L.P.)
| | - Giorgia Meineri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Biagina Chiofalo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.O.); (F.G.); (V.L.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Filik AG, Filik G. Nutritive value of ensiled Amaranthus powellii Wild. treated with salt and barley. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:52. [PMID: 33387089 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Silages or ensiled plant parts are important to feed materials for ruminal fermentation and contributed to the feeding of ruminant animals in large share. The current study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of ensiled Amaranthus powellii Wild. (AP) treated with salt and barley. Experimental silages were (1) no supplemented AP forage (control), (2) 1% salt-added AP, (3) 1% salt + 5% barley-added AP, (4) 5% barley-added AP, (5) 1% salt + 7.5% barley-added AP, and (6) 7.5% barley-added AP silages. Silages were analyzed to determine their nutritional contents, physical properties, and microbiota. The DM (g/kg), OM, CP, ADF, NDF, ADL, and ash contents (g/100 g DM) of AP silage were determined as 331.20, 29.84, 12.62, 37.22, 57.72, 42.23, and 3.28, respectively. DM and OM contents were increased by both salt and barley additions while CP and ADF values decreased by these additions (P < 0.01). DDM and RFV values were improved by both salt and barley additions with alone and together usage, reaching the highest levels by 7.5% barley addition (P < 0.01). While salt itself did not affect RFQ, 5%, 7.5% barley, and 1% salt with 5% barley additions decreased this value (P < 0.01), most likely, due to the nutritional content of added barley. The physical properties of AP silage were not affected by any treatment (P > 0.05), except a* and Fleig score (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Salt caused loss natural red coloring in AP silage compared with control silage, while the other additions saved the natural coloring (P < 0.01). Expectedly, all treatments increased lactic acid bacteria count compared with control (P < 0.01). To conclude, AP had the potential to be a good silage with respective to its nutritional contents, feed value, and physical properties with appropriate microbiological status. Salt and barley both can be used to improve the nutritional status of AP silages. Further studies are needed to determine its in vitro digestibility and preference by animals in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Gül Filik
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kırşehir Ahi Evran, 40100, Kırşehir, Turkey.
| | - Gökhan Filik
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kırşehir Ahi Evran, 40100, Kırşehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gresta F, Meineri G, Oteri M, Santonoceto C, Lo Presti V, Costale A, Chiofalo B. Productive and Qualitative Traits of Amaranthus Cruentus L.: An Unconventional Healthy Ingredient in Animal Feed. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1428. [PMID: 32824062 PMCID: PMC7459667 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Agronomic traits, oil content, fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content were studied on eight A. cruentus accessions cultivated in Southern Italy. A one-way ANOVA model was performed to compare accessions and the Principal Components Analysis was applied to identify patterns in our dataset and highlight similarities and differences. A. cruentus showed valuable seed yield (0.27 kg/m2, on average) comparable to the main tradition cereals used for animal feeding. Seed-oil composition showed significant differences among the accessions. Data showed a higher lipid content than most cereal grains (from 5.6 to 7.3%). Approximately 60% of fatty acids were unsaturated; linoleic fatty acid ranged from 19 to 34%, oleic acid from 29 to 36%, and alfa-linolenic fatty acid from 0.3 to 0.5%, respectively. The saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio ranged from 0.5 to 0.8, the hypocholesterolemic:hypercholesterolaemic ratio from 1.7 to 2.7, the Atherogenic Index from 0.38 to 0.66, the Thrombogenic Index from 0.85 to 1.48, the total phenolic content from 0.14 to 0.36 mg/g seeds, and the antioxidant activity (DPPH•) from 0.30 to 0.50. The studied seed-oil composition evidenced A. cruentus as a healthy ingredient for animal feed and consequently, as a possible substitute for traditional cereals. Accessions from Mexico and Arizona emerged for their high qualitative traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Gresta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.G.); (V.L.P.)
| | - Giorgia Meineri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Marianna Oteri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Santonoceto
- Department AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Lo Presti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.G.); (V.L.P.)
| | - Annalisa Costale
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Biagina Chiofalo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.G.); (V.L.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Molina E, González-Redondo P, Moreno-Rojas R, Montero-Quintero K, Sánchez-Urdaneta A. Effect of the inclusion of Amaranthus dubiusin diets on carcass characteristics and meat quality of fattening rabbits. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1287078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Molina
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | | | - Rafael Moreno-Rojas
- Departamento de Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Keyla Montero-Quintero
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Molina E, González-Redondo P, Moreno-Rojas R, Montero-Quintero K, Chirinos-Quintero N, Sánchez-Urdaneta A. Evaluation of haematological, serum biochemical and histopathological parameters of growing rabbits fed Amaranthus dubius. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e525-e533. [PMID: 28990224 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amaranthus dubius is an alternative source of fibre and protein for the feed formulation for growing rabbits, although its effects on their health status are yet unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of three dietary levels (0, 160 and 320 g/kg) of A. dubius on haematological, serum biochemical and histopathological parameters of fattening rabbits. One hundred and thirteen New Zealand White rabbits were fed ad libitum from weaning (35 days) to slaughter (87 days). The health status of the animals was monitored, and mortality was recorded. Before slaughtering, 30 rabbits were randomly selected for haematological and serum biochemical analysis. During slaughter, 18 rabbits were randomly selected for histopathological study in heart, liver, lung and small intestine. The health status of rabbits was good, with no differences among treatments in mortality. Diet and sex did not affect the values of most haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Fibrinogen, glucose and high-density lipoprotein values increased significantly from 0 to 320 g/kg A. dubius diets. The white blood cell count and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase values decreased significantly from 0 to 320 g/kg A. dubius diets. The organs showed histologically well-structured tissues. However, in all experimental groups several samples with lesions were observed, always highly focalized in small tissue areas. The main lesions observed, probably related to conditions of thermal stress affecting the rabbits, were cholesterolosis (heart), steatosis (liver), inflammatory lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate (lung) and chronic inflammatory tissue damage (small intestine). In conclusion, the inclusion of up to 320 g/kg A. dubius in diet did not jeopardize the health status of growing rabbits. Therefore, A. dubius can become an alternative raw material for the formulation of feeds in tropical and subtropical countries where this plant is widespread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Molina
- Faculty of Humanities and Education, Department of Chemistry, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - P González-Redondo
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - R Moreno-Rojas
- Department of Bromatology and Food Technology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - K Montero-Quintero
- Faculty of Humanities and Education, Department of Chemistry, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - N Chirinos-Quintero
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Endocrine-Metabolic Research Dr. Félix Gómez, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - A Sánchez-Urdaneta
- Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Botany, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|