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Effects of Supplementation with Bee Pollen and Propolis on Growth Performance and Serum Metabolites of Rabbits: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030439. [PMID: 36766327 PMCID: PMC9913143 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of bee pollen (BP) and propolis (PRO) supplementation on rabbits' productive performance and serum metabolites through a meta-analysis. Sixteen peer-reviewed publications were included in the data set. The rabbit strains used in the studies included in the data set were New Zealand White, V-line, Rex, and V-line crosses. Weighted mean differences (WMD) between treatments supplemented with BP or PRO and control treatments were used to assess the magnitude of the effect. BP supplementation decreased (p < 0.001) daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR); however, increased (p < 0.001) average daily gain (ADG) and hot carcass yield (HCY). PRO supplementation reduced DFI (p = 0.041) and FCR (p < 0.001), and increased ADG (p < 0.001) and HCY (p = 0.005). In blood serum, BP supplementation increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC; p = 0.002) and decreased serum creatinine concentration (p = 0.049). Likewise, decreased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected in response to BP supplementation (p < 0.05). PRO supplementation increased the TAC in blood serum (p = 0.018); however, decreased serum concentrations of AST, ALT, and MDA were observed (p < 0.05). In conclusion, BP or PRO supplementation can be used as a natural growth promoter in rabbits, and both can also improve rabbits' antioxidant status. However, BP or PRO supplementation does not affect rabbits' renal or hepatic health status.
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Sierra-Galicia MI, Rodríguez-de Lara R, Orzuna-Orzuna JF, Lara-Bueno A, García-Muñiz JG, Fallas-López M, Hernández-García PA. Supplying Bee Pollen and Propolis to Growing Rabbits: Effects on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, and Meat Quality. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12121987. [PMID: 36556352 PMCID: PMC9788554 DOI: 10.3390/life12121987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with bee pollen (BP) and propolis (PRO) on productive performance, Eimeria oocyst counts in feces, blood metabolites, and the meat quality of growing rabbits. A total of 160 hybrid rabbits (California × New Zealand) of 30 days of age and 643 ± 8.0 g body weight (BW) were assigned to four treatments with 10 replicates each (four rabbits/replicate). The treatments were as follows: (1) CON: rabbits fed basal diet and not supplemented with BP or PRO; (2) BP500: CON + BP (500 mg/kg BW); (3) PRO50: CON + PRO (50 µL/kg BW); and (4) BP + PRO: CON + BP (500 mg/kg BW) + PRO (50 µL/kg BW). Higher daily weight gain (p = 0.04) and lower feed conversion rate (p = 0.03) were observed in rabbits supplemented with PRO50. In addition, supplementation with PRO50 and BP + PRO reduced the amount of Eimeria oocysts per gram of feces (p < 0.05). Most hematological and serum biochemical parameters were similar in rabbits of all treatments. Protein content, collagen, and meat color were similar between treatments. In conclusion, propolis supplementation (50 µL/kg BW) can prevent coccidiosis and act as a natural growth promoter in rabbits without affecting animal health and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Sierra-Galicia
- Posgrado en Producción Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico
| | - Raymundo Rodríguez-de Lara
- Posgrado en Producción Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.R.-d.L.); (J.F.O.-O.)
| | - José Felipe Orzuna-Orzuna
- Posgrado en Producción Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.R.-d.L.); (J.F.O.-O.)
| | - Alejandro Lara-Bueno
- Posgrado en Producción Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico
| | - José Guadalupe García-Muñiz
- Posgrado en Producción Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico
| | - Marianela Fallas-López
- “Conejos” Centro de Investigación Científica del Estado de México A.C. (COCICEMAC), Coatlinchan 56250, Mexico
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García ML, Gunia M, Argente MJ. Genetic factors of functional traits. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2021.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Selection of functional traits is a challenge for researchers, but an increasingly necessary objective due to the growing concern regarding animal welfare and overcoming the problems of reducing antibiotic use in rabbit production without undermining the animals’ productivity. The aim of this review is to discuss the genetic control of resistance to diseases, longevity and variability of birth weight within a litter, or litter size variability at birth within doe, describing the selection programmes and the first results from a multi-omics analysis of resistance/susceptibility to diseases. The heritability is around 0.13 for longevity, 0.01 for uniformity in birth weight, 0.09 for litter size variability and around 0.11 for disease resistance. Genetic correlations between functional traits and production traits are mostly no different from zero, or are moderately favourable in some cases. Six selection programmes developed in three countries are reviewed. Line foundation with high pressure for selection or divergent selection experiments are different methodologies used, and favourable responses to selection have been achieved. Genomics studies have revealed associations in regions related to immune system functionality and stress in lines selected for litter size variability. Knowledge of the role of gut microbiota in the rabbit’s immune response is very limited. A multi-omics approach can help determine the microbial mechanisms in regulation immunity genes of the host.
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Montes-Carreto LM, Aguirre-Noyola JL, Solís-García IA, Ortega J, Martinez-Romero E, Guerrero JA. Diverse methanogens, bacteria and tannase genes in the feces of the endangered volcano rabbit ( Romerolagus diazi). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11942. [PMID: 34458021 PMCID: PMC8378336 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The volcano rabbit is the smallest lagomorph in Mexico, it is monotypic and endemic to the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. It is classified as endangered by Mexican legislation and as critically endangered by the IUCN, in the Red List. Romerolagus diazi consumes large amounts of grasses, seedlings, shrubs, and trees. Pines and oaks contain tannins that can be toxic to the organisms which consume them. The volcano rabbit microbiota may be rich in bacteria capable of degrading fiber and phenolic compounds. Methods We obtained the fecal microbiome of three adults and one young rabbit collected in Coajomulco, Morelos, Mexico. Taxonomic assignments and gene annotation revealed the possible roles of different bacteria in the rabbit gut. We searched for sequences encoding tannase enzymes and enzymes associated with digestion of plant fibers such as cellulose and hemicellulose. Results The most representative phyla within the Bacteria domain were: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria for the young rabbit sample (S1) and adult rabbit sample (S2), which was the only sample not confirmed by sequencing to correspond to the volcano rabbit. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were found in adult rabbit samples S3 and S4. The most abundant phylum within the Archaea domain was Euryarchaeota. The most abundant genera of the Bacteria domain were Lachnoclostridium (Firmicutes) and Acinetobacter (Proteobacteria), while Methanosarcina predominated from the Archaea. In addition, the potential functions of metagenomic sequences were identified, which include carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. We obtained genes encoding enzymes for plant fiber degradation such as endo 1,4 β-xylanases, arabinofuranosidases, endoglucanases and β-glucosidases. We also found 18 bacterial tannase sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie M Montes-Carreto
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - José Luis Aguirre-Noyola
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Itzel A Solís-García
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ortega
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - José Antonio Guerrero
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Velasco-Galilea M, Guivernau M, Piles M, Viñas M, Rafel O, Sánchez A, Ramayo-Caldas Y, González-Rodríguez O, Sánchez JP. Breeding farm, level of feeding and presence of antibiotics in the feed influence rabbit cecal microbiota. Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:40. [PMID: 33499975 PMCID: PMC7807820 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of the production environment and different management practices in rabbit cecal microbiota remains poorly understood. While previous studies have proved the impact of the age or the feed composition, research in the breeding farm and other animal management aspects, such as the presence of antibiotics in the feed or the level of feeding, is still needed. Characterization of microbial diversity and composition of growing rabbits raised under different conditions could help better understand the role these practices play in cecal microbial communities and how it may result in different animal performance. Results Four hundred twenty-five meat rabbits raised in two different facilities, fed under two feeding regimes (ad libitum or restricted) with feed supplemented or free of antibiotics, were selected for this study. A 16S rRNA gene-based assessment through the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform was performed on cecal samples collected from these individuals at slaughter. Different univariate and multivariate approaches were conducted to unravel the influence of the different factors on microbial alpha diversity and composition at phylum, genus and OTU taxonomic levels. The animals raised in the facility harboring the most stable environmental conditions had greater, and less variable, microbial richness and diversity. Bootstrap univariate analyses of variance and sparse partial least squares-discriminant analyses endorsed that farm conditions exerted an important influence on rabbit microbiota since the relative abundances of many taxa were found differentially represented between both facilities at all taxonomic levels characterized. Furthermore, only five OTUs were needed to achieve a perfect classification of samples according to the facility where animals were raised. The level of feeding and the presence of antibiotics did not modify the global alpha diversity but had an impact on some bacteria relative abundances, albeit in a small number of taxa compared with farm, which is consistent with the lower sample classification power according to these factors achieved using microbial information. Conclusions This study reveals that factors associated with the farm effect and other management factors, such as the presence of antibiotics in the diet or the feeding level, modify cecal microbial communities. It highlights the importance of offering a controlled breeding environment that reduces differences in microbial cecal composition that could be responsible for different animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Velasco-Galilea
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Animal Breeding and Genetics, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Guivernau
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Integral Management of Organic Waste, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Piles
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Animal Breeding and Genetics, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Viñas
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Integral Management of Organic Waste, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Rafel
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Animal Breeding and Genetics, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Armand Sánchez
- Animal Genomics Group, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Catalonia, Spain.,Unit of Animal Science, Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Animal Breeding and Genetics, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga González-Rodríguez
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Animal Breeding and Genetics, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan P Sánchez
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Animal Breeding and Genetics, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
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Fang S, Chen X, Ye X, Zhou L, Xue S, Gan Q. Effects of Gut Microbiome and Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) on Finishing Weight of Meat Rabbits. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1835. [PMID: 32849435 PMCID: PMC7431612 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) affect finishing weight is beneficial to improve meat production in the meat rabbit industry. In this study, we identified 15 OTUs and 23 microbial species associated with finishing weight using 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing analysis, respectively. Among these, butyrate-producing bacteria of the family Ruminococcaceae were positively associated with finishing weight, whereas the microbial taxa related to intestinal damage and inflammation showed opposite effects. Furthermore, interactions of these microbial taxa were firstly found to be associated with finishing weight. Gut microbial functional capacity analysis revealed that CAZymes, such as galactosidase, xylanase, and glucosidase, could significantly affect finishing weight, given their roles in regulating nutrient digestibility. GOs related to the metabolism of several carbohydrates and amino acids also showed important effects on finishing weight. Additionally, both KOs and KEGG pathways related to the membrane transportation system and involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and butanoate metabolism could act as key factors in modulating finishing weight. Importantly, gut microbiome explained nearly 11% of the variation in finishing weight, and our findings revealed that a subset of metagenomic species could act as predictors of finishing weight. SCFAs levels, especially butyrate level, had critical impacts on finishing weight, and several finishing weight-associated species were potentially contributed to the shift in butyrate level. Thus, our results should give deep insights into how gut microbiome and SCFAs influence finishing weight of meat rabbits and provide essential knowledge for improving finishing weight by manipulating gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoming Fang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Ye
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liwen Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuaishuai Xue
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianfu Gan
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Dabbou S, Ferrocino I, Gasco L, Schiavone A, Trocino A, Xiccato G, Barroeta AC, Maione S, Soglia D, Biasato I, Cocolin L, Gai F, Nucera DM. Antimicrobial Effects of Black Soldier Fly and Yellow Mealworm Fats and Their Impact on Gut Microbiota of Growing Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081292. [PMID: 32731566 PMCID: PMC7460256 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of two types of insect fats extracted from black soldier fly larvae (HI, Hermetia illucens L.) and yellow mealworm larvae (TM, Tenebrio molitor L.) and their effects as dietary replacement of soybean oil (S) on cecal fermentation pattern, and fecal and cecal microbiota in rabbits. A total of 120 weaned rabbits were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (40 rabbits/group) -a control diet (C diet) containing 1.5% of S and two experimental diets (HI diet (HID) and TM diet (TMD)), where S was totally substituted by HI or TM fats during the whole trial that lasted 41 days. Regarding the in vitro antimicrobial activities, HI and TM fats did not show any effects on Salmonella growth. Yersinia enterocolitica showed significantly lower growth when challenged with HI fats than the controls. The insect fat supplementation in rabbit diets increased the contents of the cecal volatile fatty acids when compared to the control group. A metataxonomic approach was adopted to investigate the shift in the microbial composition as a function of the dietary insect fat supplementation. The microbiota did not show a clear separation as a function of the inclusion, even if a specific microbial signature was observed. Indeed, HI and TM fat supplementation enriched the presence of Akkermansia that was found to be correlated with NH3-N concentration. An increase in Ruminococcus, which can improve the immune response of the host, was also observed. This study confirms the potential of HI and TM fats as antibacterial feed ingredients with a positive influence on the rabbit cecal microbiota, thus supporting the possibility of including HI and TM fats in rabbit diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.F.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (D.M.N.)
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.F.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (D.M.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.S.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Angela Trocino
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy;
| | - Gerolamo Xiccato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal, and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy;
| | - Ana C. Barroeta
- Nutrition and Animal Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Sandra Maione
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.S.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.S.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.F.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (D.M.N.)
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.F.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (D.M.N.)
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Daniele Michele Nucera
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.F.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (D.M.N.)
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