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Alalshaikh MA, Alsughayir AH, Alsaif AS, Ababtain SA, Aloyouni SY, Aldilaijan KE, Alsubaie SF. Molecular Background of RhD-positive and RhD-negative Phenotypes in a Saudi Population. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 12:210-215. [PMID: 39055072 PMCID: PMC11268538 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_664_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Background The RHD gene is one of the most complex blood group genes. The molecular background of the RHD gene in RhD-negative and RhD-positive individuals varies within and among different populations. Knowing the molecular basis of the RHD gene in a specific population is required to establish effective genotyping methods. While the molecular basis has been revealed in many ethnicities, such as Caucasians and Black Africans, it still requires elucidation in Arabs. Objectives The aim of this study was to gain insights into the molecular basis of RhD-positive and RhD-negative phenotypes in Saudi donors. Materials and Methods Conventional serological tests were used to determine the Rh phenotypes in 136 Saudi donors by typing D, C, c, E, and e antigens. Multiplex-PCR and Single Specific Primer-PCR were used to detect the presence of exons 3, 4, and 7 and the hybrid Rhesus box gene, respectively, in RhD-negative and/or RhD-positive samples. Results Of the 136 samples, 70 were RhD positive and 66 were RhD negative. None of the RhD-negative donors had any of the three tested exons, whereas the hybrid Rhesus box gene was detected in all, indicating the zygosity status of the RHD deletion allele. The hybrid Rhesus box gene was detected in 79% of the RhD-positive individuals, suggesting high frequencies of RHD-negative haplotypes. Conclusions The study findings indicate that Saudis with the RhD-negative phenotype are likely to have an entire RHD deletion in the homozygous state. However, a more comprehensive analysis of variant RHD alleles in the Saudi population is required to implement effective and dedicated molecular RHD typing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohrah A. Alalshaikh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar H. Alsughayir
- King Fahad Medical City, The Saudi Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alyazeed S. Alsaif
- Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A. Ababtain
- Department of Research, Health Sciences Research Centre, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaika Y. Aloyouni
- Department of Research, Health Sciences Research Centre, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawlah E. Aldilaijan
- Department of Research, Health Sciences Research Centre, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar F. Alsubaie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Haffener PE, Al-Riyami AZ, Al-Zadjali S, Al-Rawahi M, Al Hosni S, Al Marhoobi A, Al Sheriyani A, Leffler EM. Characterization of Blood Group Variants in an Omani Population by Comparison of Whole Genome Sequencing and Serology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599396. [PMID: 38948735 PMCID: PMC11212902 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Although blood group variation was first described over a century ago, our understanding of the genetic variation affecting antigenic expression on the red blood cell surface in many populations is lacking. This deficit limits the ability to accurately type patients, especially as serological testing is not available for all described blood groups, and targeted genotyping panels may lack rare or population-specific variants. Here, we perform serological assays across 24 antigens and whole genome sequencing on 100 Omanis, a population underrepresented in genomic databases. We inferred blood group phenotypes using the most commonly typed genetic variants. The comparison of serological to inferred phenotypes resulted in an average concordance of 96.9%. Among the 22 discordances, we identify seven known variants in four blood groups that, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported in Omanis. Incorporating these variants for phenotype inference, concordance increases to 98.8%. Additionally, we describe five candidate variants in the Lewis, Lutheran, MNS, and P1 blood groups that may affect antigenic expression, although further functional confirmation is required. Notably, we identify several blood group alleles most common in African populations, likely introduced to Oman by gene flow over the last thousand years. These findings highlight the need to evaluate individual populations and their population history when considering variants to include in genotype panels for blood group typing. This research will inform future work in blood banks and transfusion services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Haffener
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Arwa Z. Al-Riyami
- Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shoaib Al-Zadjali
- Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al-Rawahi
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saif Al Hosni
- Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ali Al Marhoobi
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Ellen M. Leffler
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Alkindi S, Al-Busaidi IBM, Pathare AV. Clinical and Laboratory Features of Sickle Cell Disease S/D Punjab: Impact of HbF and Hydroxyurea. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2024; 16:e2024046. [PMID: 38882454 PMCID: PMC11178054 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2024.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major public health issue worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. SCD SD Punjab is the third most common genotype of SCD in Oman and is associated with several serious complications. The aim of the study is to establish the clinical and laboratory features of SCD patients with SD double heterozygotes and study the impact of haemoglobin F, hydroxyurea, and other modulators on the disease severity. Methods We analysed the electronic medical records of 52 consecutive SCD patients who were diagnosed as double heterozygote SD Punjab between 2006 and 2022. The study was approved by the local medical research and ethics committee. The data captured included SCD-related complications and current clinical and laboratory indices. Data from other studies on other SCD genotypes were used as historical controls. Results 52 patients (31 males, 21 females) who formed this cohort had a median age of 32 years with an interquartile range (IQR) of 21-39.8 years. 37(71.2%) had <3 VOC per year, whereas 15 (28.8%) patients had ≥3 vasooclusive (VOC) episodes per year. SCD-related complications included Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS) (48%), Gall stones (26.9%), Avascular necrosis (AVN) (28.8%), Stroke (13.5%) and splenic sequestration (7.7%), whereas 5 (9.6%) patients of this cohort died. Surgical and Autosplenectomy were seen in 18 (34.6%). These findings were similar to other SCD genotypes in this community. 19 (57.6%) were taking Hydroxyurea (HU) amongst the 33 patients who were prescribed HU. Haematological parameters showed a median (IQR) Hb (g/dl), MCV (fl), Retic count (%), WBC count(×109/L) and Platelet count(×109/L) of 9.7 (8.5-11.3), 74.9 (68.4-79.8), 4 (3.2-5.7), 9.9 (8.1-12.6) and 309 (239-428) respectively. The haemoglobin electrophoresis showed an elevated HbF, whereas serum bilirubin and LDH were elevated amongst the biochemical parameters. The use of hydroxyurea showed no impact on VOC, ACS, AVN, Stroke or mortality. Conclusion SD Punjab is the third most common SCD genotype in Oman and was associated with recurrent VOC, ACS, AVN, and gall stones comparable to other SCD genotypes. Patients with > 3 VOC/year had significantly increased incidence of Stroke, AVN, and gallstones. However, HU was not associated with improved prognosis and better survival in this cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alkindi
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - A V Pathare
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Jenbere G, Urgessa F, Tibebu M. Assessment of Minor Blood Group System Antigens and Their Phenotype among Voluntary Blood Donors in Ethiopian Blood and Tissue Bank Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2023; 33:813-820. [PMID: 38784499 PMCID: PMC11111197 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Red blood cell antigens are numerous in structural and functional diversity; some are proteins while others are carbohydrates. The international society of blood transfusion currently recognized 43 blood group systems containing 349 red cell antigens. It also acknowledged 9 blood group systems (ABO, Rhesus, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS, P, Lewis, and Lutheran) that are clinically significant and associated with hemolytic transfusion reactions as well as hemolytic disease of fetuses and newborns. The objective of this study was to assess the distribution of minor blood group antigens and their phenotype among voluntary blood donors in Ethiopian blood and tissue bank service in Addis Ababa. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2022 among 260 volunteer blood donors to determine minor blood group antigens and their phenotype at EBTBS, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Tests were performed using Galileo Neo Immucor, which is fully automated Immunohematology analyzer. Result A total of 260 blood donors were screened of which 153 (59%) were males. The antigen frequencies of minor blood group systems were: Fy(a), Fy(b), Jk(a), Jk(b), k, S, s were 33.5%, 43.5%, 97.7%), 40.4%), 100%, 45%, 90%, respectively. Regarding phenotype distribution, the most common phenotypes were: Duffy Fy (a-b+) 36.9%, MNS S-s+ 55% and Kidd Jk (a+b-) 59.6%. Conclusion This study highlights the frequencies of Fy(a), Fy(b), Jk(a), Jk(b), k, S and s blood group antigens and their phenotypes in volunteer blood donors at EBTBS, Addis Ababa. For the management of alloimmunization cases in transfused patients, knowledge of these minor blood group antigens is relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getu Jenbere
- Ethiopian blood and tissue bank service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fekadu Urgessa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melatwork Tibebu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Vorholt SM, Lenz V, Just B, Enczmann J, Fischer JC, Horn PA, Zeiler TA, Balz V. High-Throughput Next-Generation Sequencing of the Kidd Blood Group: Unexpected Antigen Expression Properties of Four Alleles and Detection of Novel Variants. Transfus Med Hemother 2022; 50:51-65. [PMID: 36818776 PMCID: PMC9911998 DOI: 10.1159/000525326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The blood supply for patients with foreign ethnic backgrounds can be challenging, as they often have blood group and HPA patterns that differ from the variants prevalent in the German population. In addition, hemoglobinopathies requiring regular blood transfusion may be more common in such populations. High-throughput genotyping tests can facilitate the identification of the most compatible blood products, thereby reducing the risk of transfusion reactions. The present study reports the results of a molecular study for the Kidd (JK) blood group. Allele frequencies and antigen prevalence data are presented for >8,000 individuals of various origins. Material and Methods More than 8,000 blood donors were genotyped for 22 blood group systems and 5 HPA genes using an amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. As part of the test system, we focused on the JK system in more detail. Double-ARMS PCR analysis was performed for the haplotype phasing of the JK1/JK2 and two more common synonymous polymorphisms. We performed transcript analysis to detect potential alternative splice products. For a subset of samples, a comparison between serotype and red cell genotype was conducted. Allele frequencies were determined for geographically different panels of individuals. Results We successfully genotyped the JK blood group for 99.6% of the samples. Haplotype phasing revealed 96 different alleles. For several alleles that carry one of the synonymous SNVs c.588A>G and c.810G>A, we could not confirm the reported JK phenotypes. We found a higher frequency of JK:1 alleles for all populations except Iraqis. JK*01W.01 alleles were more common in the Asian groups and sub-Saharan Africans. A variant of the allele JK*02N.01 was present exclusively in Southeast Asians. Conclusion Genotyping for JK antigens with a targeted NGS assay can easily be performed in routine. The interpretation that c.588A>G leads to a weak phenotype and c.810G>A to a null phenotype is questionable. IDs as well as the descriptions of alleles carrying these SNVs should be revised in the ISBT JK table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Vorholt
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Veronika Lenz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Just
- German Red Cross Blood Service West, Hagen/Breitscheid/Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Enczmann
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes C. Fischer
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter A. Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Zeiler
- German Red Cross Blood Service West, Hagen/Breitscheid/Münster, Germany
| | - Vera Balz
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,*Vera Balz,
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Tariq F, Ahmed R, Ashfaq J, Thakur W, Ashique A, Borhany M. Frequency of Extended Red Cell Antigen Phenotype Among Patients of Hematological Diseases: A Single Center Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e27215. [PMID: 36035051 PMCID: PMC9399562 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alloimmunization of erythrocytes is a major problem in patients with hematological diseases that require frequent blood transfusions. Matching of extended red cell antigens of Kell, MNS, Kidd, and Duffy can decrease the risk of alloimmunization. Hence, in this study, the frequencies of the extended red cell phenotypes were explored. Objective To find out the frequency of extended red blood cell antigen phenotypes among patients with hematological diseases. Methods This cross-sectional research study was performed on 488 patients diagnosed with hematological diseases who required blood transfusion at the National Institute of Blood Disease and Bone Marrow Transplantation Karachi for a period of 1.42 years from November 2019 to March 2021. The blood of patients was analyzed for antigen phenotypes of different blood group systems including Kell, MNS, Kidd, and Duffy. The data obtained were interpreted. Results Among the 488 patients, 284 (58.20%) patients were male, and 204 (41.80%) patients were female with a mean age of 8.1 years. Beta thalassemia was the most common hematological disease reported in 354 (72.5%) of the patients. The most common blood group was O positive reported in 182 (37.3%) of the patients followed by B positive blood group in 124 (25.4%). The frequencies of extended red cell antigen phenotypes in the patients were K antigen 14 (2.9%), Kpa antigen 26 (5.3%), Kpb antigen 424 (86.9%), Fya antigen 360 (73.8%), Fyb antigen 260 (53.3%), Jka antigen 294 (60.2%), Jkb antigen 326 (66.8%), M antigen 410 (84.0%) and N antigen 306 (62.7%). Conclusion Beta thalassemia was the most common hematological disease followed by iron deficiency anemia, aplastic anemia, and acute leukemia. Patients with hematological diseases had a higher prevalence of Kpb antigen followed by M, Fya, Jkb, N, Jka, Fyb, Kpa, and K antigen. O positive was the most frequent blood group followed by B positive, A positive and AB positive blood group.
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Hamali HA, Madkhali MM, Dobie G, Madkhali AM, Madkhali B, Hummadi Y, Meshi A, Akhter MS, Mobarki AA, Saboor M. Prevalence of Rh and K phenotypes among blood donors from different ethnicities in Samtah (Southwestern Region) Saudi Arabia. Int J Immunogenet 2022; 49:202-208. [PMID: 35513355 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rh and Kell blood group systems are amongst the most important blood group systems; being highly immunogenic after ABO system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies of Rh antigens, haplotypes and K antigen among blood donors belonging to various ethnicities in Samtah, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This study was conducted during January 2019 and August 2020 at Samtah General Hospital, Samtah. Records of all blood donors recruited during this period were included for data acquisition. A total of 4977 blood donors' records were reviewed and data were analysed. A total of 3863 donors' results were considered in the final analysis. RESULTS In comparison to Saudi blood donors, C antigen was less frequent in Sudanese donors (69.7% and 34.0%), the c antigen was less frequent in Indian (79.2% and 59.3%) and Philippine (79.2% and 40.0%) donors and more frequent in Sudanese (79.2% and 97.9%) donors, the E antigen was less frequent in Yemini (27.0% and 19.5%) and the e antigen was more frequent in Yemini (96.7% and 99.2%) donors. The DcE haplotype was less frequent (3.1% and 0.7%) and the ce haplotype was more frequent (4.3% and 7.6%) in Yemini donors. The K antigen was less frequent in Pakistani (11.9% and 4.1%; p = .041) and Indian (11.9% and 1.9%; p = .023) donors. CONCLUSION Rh and K antigens showed marked variations in their frequencies among blood donors of different ethnicities. Utilization of blood from various ethnicities warrant extended phenotyping of Rh and K antigens to avoid the risk of alloimmunization in multiply transfused patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maymoon M Madkhali
- Samtah General Hospital, Jazan Health, Gizan, Saudi Arabia.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen M Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem Madkhali
- Samtah General Hospital, Jazan Health, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahia Hummadi
- Samtah General Hospital, Jazan Health, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Meshi
- King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan Health, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saboor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
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Bakhos JJ, Khalife M, Teyrouz Y, Saliba Y. Blood Donation in Lebanon: A Six-Year Retrospective Study of a Decentralized Fragmented Blood Management System. Cureus 2022; 14:e21858. [PMID: 35273839 PMCID: PMC8901104 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In developing countries, the lack of a sufficient and safe blood supply is a significant impediment to providing health care. Lebanon is notable for its absence of a Donor Management System to ensure continuous donor recruitment and scheduling. Herein, we report the findings of Lebanon's first large retrospective population-based study to investigate blood types and donation that is critical for managing community blood supply. Methods The non-remunerated voluntary blood donors were recruited by the non-profit organization “Donner Sang Compter”. The study spanned six years, from August 2015 to May 2021, and included 36,002 people from 18 districts throughout Lebanon's nine governorates. Results The most prevalent blood type was A (42%), followed by O (37.48%), B (13.86%), and the AB group (6.84%). RhD+ groups were predominant (88.45%), with A+ being the most (37.84%) and AB- being the least prevalent (1.05%). Furthermore, blood type and donation profiling revealed a substantial geographical variation in the frequency of blood groups, despite the relatively small country’s area. As for blood donation, when gender and age were considered, young male donors dominated the pool across the country. Conclusion This study on blood type prevalence and blood donor demographics may pave the way for the development of a more coherent and integrated blood management system in Lebanon, as opposed to the fragmented and decentralized system now in existence. These findings also provide crucial clinical information for the country's future transfusion medicine policies and practices, which is vital in such a precarious part of the world.
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Sajwani FH, Amer AM, Khamis FM, AlShamsi SR. Prevalence of major blood group antigens in blood donors at a main donation center in United Arab Emirates. Immunohematology 2021; 37:171-177. [PMID: 34964319 DOI: 10.21307/immunohematology-2021-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood transfusion is a common practice in hospitals. In many diseases, transfusion of red blood cells can be a life-saving measure. Knowing the blood group phenotypes of the donors in any population is important to improve health care services and to better serve patients. We aimed to determine the blood group phenotypes of the regular donors visiting the main blood donation center in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE). A total of 500 regular blood donors were included, and blood group antigens were tested using serologic methods. Major blood group systems included in this testing were ABO, Rh, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, Lewis, Lutheran, MNS, and P1PK. The most prevalent ABO/D blood type was group O, D+ (29.6%), with the most prevalent phenotype in the Rh blood group system reported as R1r (34.4%). In the Kell system, the K-k+ phenotype was reported in 92.4 percent of individuals tested. The rare Duffy null phenotype, Fy(a-b-), was reported in 11.0 percent of the cohort. Most donors (99.0%) were Lu(b+). In the Lewis system, the phenotype Le(a-b+) was seen in 61.8 percent of the donors. MNS system phenotypes were comparable to the reports from Saudi Arabia and India, with M+N+S-s+ being the most prevalent (21.2%). The prevalence of many major blood group phenotypes in the UAE blood donor population showed similarities to results from populations in neighboring countries, but other phenotype prevalences were unique to this population. This finding can be used to build a blood group registry for the local population that can better serve hospitals' transfusion requirements. Blood transfusion is a common practice in hospitals. In many diseases, transfusion of red blood cells can be a life-saving measure. Knowing the blood group phenotypes of the donors in any population is important to improve health care services and to better serve patients. We aimed to determine the blood group phenotypes of the regular donors visiting the main blood donation center in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE). A total of 500 regular blood donors were included, and blood group antigens were tested using serologic methods. Major blood group systems included in this testing were ABO, Rh, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, Lewis, Lutheran, MNS, and P1PK. The most prevalent ABO/D blood type was group O, D+ (29.6%), with the most prevalent phenotype in the Rh blood group system reported as R1r (34.4%). In the Kell system, the K–k+ phenotype was reported in 92.4 percent of individuals tested. The rare Duffy null phenotype, Fy(a–b–), was reported in 11.0 percent of the cohort. Most donors (99.0%) were Lu(b+). In the Lewis system, the phenotype Le(a–b+) was seen in 61.8 percent of the donors. MNS system phenotypes were comparable to the reports from Saudi Arabia and India, with M+N+S–s+ being the most prevalent (21.2%). The prevalence of many major blood group phenotypes in the UAE blood donor population showed similarities to results from populations in neighboring countries, but other phenotype prevalences were unique to this population. This finding can be used to build a blood group registry for the local population that can better serve hospitals’ transfusion requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Sajwani
- Medical Director, Sharjah Blood Transfusion and Research Centre, Ministry of Health and Prevention , PO Box 27055, Sharjah , UAE
| | - A M Amer
- Sharjah Blood Transfusion and Research Centre, Ministry of Health and Prevention , Sharjah , UAE
| | - F M Khamis
- Higher Diploma, Sharjah Blood Transfusion and Research Centre, Ministry of Health and Prevention , Sharjah , UAE
| | - S R AlShamsi
- Sharjah Blood Transfusion and Research Centre, Ministry of Health and Prevention , Sharjah , UAE
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Al-Riyami AZ, Al Hinai D, Al-Rawahi M, Al-Hosni S, Al-Zadjali S, Al-Marhoobi A, Al-Khabori M, Al-Riyami H, Denomme GA. Molecular blood group screening in Omani blood donors. Vox Sang 2021; 117:424-430. [PMID: 34647328 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Blood group genotyping has been used in different populations. This study aims at evaluating the genotypes of common blood group antigens in the Omani blood donors and to assess the concordance rate with obtained phenotypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood samples from 180 Omani donors were evaluated. Samples were typed by serological methods for the five blood group systems MNS, RH (RHD/RHCE), KEL, FY and JK. Samples were genotyped using RBC-FluoGene vERYfy eXtend kit (inno-train©). Predicted phenotypic variants for 70 red blood cell antigens among the MNS, RH (RHD/RHCE), KEL, FY, JK, DO, LU, YT, DI, VEL, CO and KN blood group systems were assessed. RESULTS Simultaneous phenotype and genotype results were available in 130 subjects. Concordance rate was >95% in all blood group systems with exception of Fy(b+) (87%). Homozygous GATA-1 mutation leading to erythroid silencing FY*02N.01 (resulting in the Fy(b-)ES phenotype) was detected in 81/112 (72%) of genotyped samples. In addition, discrepant Fyb phenotype/genotype result was obtained in 14/112 samples; 13 of which has a heterozygous GATA-1 mutation and one sample with a wild GATA genotype. D and partial e c.733C>G variants expressing the V+VS+ phenotype were found in 22/121 (18.2%) and 14/120 (11.7%) of the samples, respectively. Di(a-b+), Js(a-b+), Yt(a+b-) and Kn(a+b-) genotype frequencies were 99.4%, 95.8%, 91.9% and 97.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we report a high frequency of FY*02N.01 allele due to homozygous c.-67T>C GATA-1 single-nucleotide variation. This is the first study reporting the detailed distribution of common and rare red cell genotypes in Omani blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Z Al-Riyami
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Dina Al Hinai
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al-Rawahi
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saif Al-Hosni
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Ali Al-Marhoobi
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Murtadha Al-Khabori
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hamad Al-Riyami
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Gregory A Denomme
- Diagnostic Laboratories, Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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11
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Felimban RI, Sumeda SM. Distribution of Kell antigens K, k, Kp a, and Kp b among blood donors in Jeddah city of Western Saudi Arabia. Asian J Transfus Sci 2021; 15:75-81. [PMID: 34349461 PMCID: PMC8294449 DOI: 10.4103/ajts.ajts_109_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT: Kell blood group system is considered as the third clinically significant blood group in blood transfusion due to the highly immunogenetic of their antigens. No data are available regarding the frequencies of the Kell blood group antigens in Jeddah city. Knowledge of the antigen and phenotype frequencies is crucial to assess the risk of alloimmunization and to guide the probability of finding antigen-negative donor blood, which can be useful when blood transfusion is required for a patient who has multiple red cell alloantibodies. AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of Kell blood group: K, k, Kpa, and Kpb antigens and phenotypes among blood donors in Jeddah city, western Saudi Arabia, to improve the transfusion services in the area. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seven hundred and fifty-eight blood samples from blood donors were used in the study. The samples were collected from different national blood bank centers in Jeddah city hospitals. Kell antigens were typed through gel card method using commercial antisera. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The gathered data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Frequency and crosstab tests were completed to achieve the objectives of the current study. RESULTS: The most frequent Kell phenotype in this study was Kp(a−b+), followed by K−k+, K+k+, and then Kp(a+b+), and the less frequent was K+k−. K−k− and Kp(a+b−) phenotypes were not observed in studied donors. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first report to determine the frequency of Kell antigens and phenotypes among blood donors in Jeddah city. These results appear to be useful in providing better care for patients by implementing tests that should become a routine in blood banks. The Kell system is very important in transfusion medicine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed I Felimban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samaha M Sumeda
- Department of Blood Bank, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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De Brier N, Koc ÖM, De Buck E, Muylaert A, Nevens F, Vanbrabant M, Vandeloo J, Van Remoortel H, Robaeys G, Compernolle V. Hepatitis B virus prevalence in first-time blood donors in Flanders, Belgium: Impact of universal vaccination and migration. Transfusion 2021; 61:2125-2136. [PMID: 33955570 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion-transmissible infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) remain a major concern for the safety of blood transfusion. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the trend of HBV prevalence and associated risk factors among a first-time donor population in a low endemic country. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Between 2010 and 2018, blood samples were collected from first-time donors presented at donor collection sites of Belgian Red Cross-Flanders. They were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc), and HBV DNA, HIV and hepatitis virus C (HCV) antibodies and RNA, and syphilis antibodies. RESULTS A total of 211,331 first-time blood donors (43.7% males, median age 25 years) were analyzed. HBsAg prevalence decreased from 0.06% in 2010 to 0.05% in 2018 (p = .004) and this declining trend was accompanied by an increased number of donors in the HBV vaccinated birth cohort (p < .001). HBsAg prevalence was 0.33% in foreign-born donors and 0.02% in Belgian natives (p < .001). Multivariate risk profiling showed that anti-HBc positivity was significantly associated with mainly foreign-born donors (odds ratio [OR] = 9.24) but also with older age (OR = 1.06), male gender (OR = 1.32), year of blood donation (OR = 0.94), and co-infections with HCV (OR = 4.31) or syphilis (OR = 4.91). DISCUSSION The decreasing trend in HBV prevalence could mainly be explained by the introduction of the universal HBV vaccination. Being born in endemic areas was the most important predictor for HBV infection while the co-infections with syphilis suggest unreported sexual risk contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels De Brier
- Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Özgür M Koc
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emmy De Buck
- Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Muylaert
- Blood Service, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Hans Van Remoortel
- Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Geert Robaeys
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Compernolle
- Blood Service, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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