Effectiveness of a Chlorhexidine Digluconate 0.12% and Cetylpyridinium Chloride 0.05% Solution in eliminating Candida albicans Colonizing Dentures: A Randomized Clinical in vivo Study

Influence of Contemporary Photoactivated Disinfection on the Mechanical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of PMMA Denture Base: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

PURPOSE

The present study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of the contemporary photoactivated disinfection methods on the mechanical features and/or antimicrobial activity of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) dentures bases.

METHODS

THE FOCUSED RESEARCH QUESTION WAS: : "What is the effect of contemporary photoactivated disinfection methods as compared to conventional disinfection protocols on the mechanical features and/or antimicrobial activity of PMMA dentures bases?". An electronic literature search was carried out by the author and a senior librarian specialized in health sciences on Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. In vitro investigations evaluating the antimicrobial and/or mechanical effects of photoactivated disinfectants as compared to conventional chemical disinfectants on the microbes formed on PMMA denture bases were included. Meta-analysis was performed for calculating the standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval.

RESULTS

Four out of eight studies concluded that photoactivated disinfectants, including riboflavin-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT), hematoporphyrin-mediated PDT, poly-L-glycolic acid loaded with methylene blue, Erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser, and chitosan-mediated PDT, demonstrated a significant reduction in colony-forming unit per milliliter (CFU/mL) of exposed viable colonies of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) comparable to the conventionally used chemical disinfectants of PMMA denture bases. Contrarily, two studies concluded that the PMMA denture base colonized with C. albicans and disinfected with conventional chemical disinfectants showed the greatest anti-fungal efficaciousness. All the included studies concluded that the application of photoactivated disinfectants does not negatively impact the mechanical features of the PMMA denture bases colonized with microbes including E. coli, S. mutans, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The meta-analysis revealed statistically significant reduction in C. albicans counts (CFU/mL [Log10]) (p < 0.00001) and improvement in the flexural strength (p = 0.0002) of PMMA-based denture base after the application of conventional disinfectants, while a statistically significant improvement in the fracture strength of PMMA-based denture base was observed after the application of photoactivated disinfectants (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSION

According to the systematic review (qualitative synthesis), photoactivated disinfectants demonstrated comparable mechanical features and antimicrobial activity of PMMA dentures bases to conventional chemical disinfectants suggesting their potential to be utilized as an alternative to conventional chemical disinfectants. However, the meta-analysis (quantitative synthesis) revealed that the application of conventional disinfectants demonstrated better outcomes related to antimicrobial activity and flexural strength of PMMA-based denture based.

Management of Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis (Denture Stomatitis)-A Narrative Review

One of the most common oral diseases affecting people wearing dentures is chronic atrophic candidiasis or denture stomatitis (DS). The aim of the paper is to provide an update on the pathogenesis, presentation, and management of DS in general dental practice settings. A comprehensive review of the literature published in the last ten years was undertaken using multiple databases, including PubMed via MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus. The eligible articles were analyzed to identify evidence-based strategies for the management of DS. Despite its multifactorial nature, the leading cause of DS is the development of oral Candida albicans biofilm, which is facilitated by poor oral and denture hygiene, long-term denture wear, ill-fitting dentures, and the porosity of the acrylic resin in the dentures. DS affects between 17 and 75% of the population wearing dentures, with a slight predominance in elderly females. The mucosal denture surfaces and posterior tongue are the common sites of DS, and the affected areas exhibit erythema, the swelling of the palatal mucosa and edema. Oral and denture hygiene protocols, adjusting or re-fabricating poorly adapting dentures, smoking cessation, avoiding nocturnal denture wear, and the administration of topical or systemic antifungals are the mainstay of management. Alternate treatments such as microwave disinfection, phytomedicine, photodynamic therapy, and incorporation of antifungals and nanoparticles into denture resins are being evaluated for the treatment of DS but require further evidence before routine use in clinical practice. In summary, DS is the most common oral inflammatory lesion experienced by denture wearers. Most patients with DS can be managed in general dental practice settings. Effective management by general dental practitioners may be supported by a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis, the recognition of the clinical presentation, and an awareness of contemporary treatment strategies.

A novel montmorillonite clay-cetylpyridinium chloride complex as a potential antiamoebic composite material in contact lenses disinfection

BACKGROUND

Acanthamoeba keratitis is a painful, sight-threatening infection. It is commonly associated with the use of contact lens. Several lines of evidence suggest inadequate contact lens solutions especially against the cyst forms of pathogenic Acanthamoeba, indicating the need to develop effective disinfectants.

OBJECTIVE

In this work, the application and assessment of montmorillonite clay (Mt-clay), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and cetylpyridinium chloride-montmorillonite clay complex (CPC-Mt) against keratitis-causing A. castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype was studied.

METHODS

Adhesion to human cells and amoeba-mediated cytopathogenicity assays were conducted to determine the impact of Mt-clay, CPC and CPC-Mt complex on amoeba-mediated binding and host cell death. Furthermore, assays were also performed to determine inhibitory effects of Mt-clay, CPC and CPC-Mt complex on encystment and excystment. In addition, the cytotoxicity of Mt-clay, CPC and CPC-Mt complex against human cells was examined.

RESULTS

The results revealed that CPC and CPC-Mt complex presented significant antiamoebic effects against A. castellanii at microgram dose. Also, the CPC and CPC-Mt complex inhibited amoebae binding to host cells. Furthermore, CPC and CPC-Mt complex, were found to inhibit the encystment and excystment processes. Finally, CPC and CPC-Mt complex showed minimal host cell cytotoxicity. These results show that CPC and CPC-Mt complex exhibit potent anti-acanthamoebic properties.

CONCLUSION

Given the ease of usage, safety, cost-effectiveness and long-term stability, CPC and CPC-Mt complex can prove to be an excellent choice in the rational development of contact-lens disinfectants to eradicate pathogenic Acanthamoeba effectively.

Soft Denture liner and microbial disinfection with contemporary and conventional agents

AIM

The present study aimed to assess the effect of PDT, herbal and chemical disinfectants on the dental pathogen adherence to soft denture liner colonized with E. coli, C. Albicans, S.aureus, and S. mutans.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A total of 20 samples of soft-lined removable acrylic complete dentures were fabricated and subjected to the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) for the inoculation of E.coli, C.albicans, S.mutans and S.aureus in an in-vitro setup. The samples were then randomly divided into four groups and immersed in group 1: 5 µm of Rose Bengal (RB), group 2: Neem extract, group 3: Tea tree oil (TTO), and group 4: 0.12% CHX solutions respectively. Statistical analysis was accomplished by the SPSS 10 statistical software for Windows at a significance level p< 0.05. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test were used to analyze the data and compare the means and standard deviation values of CFU/mL (log10) for exposed E. coli, C. albicans, S aureus, and S. mutans.

RESULTS

Intragroup comparison indicated E.coli and C.albicans did not unveil a decrease in reduction CFU/mL (log10) when SDL irradiated with RB 5 µm. Whereas, CFU/mL (log10) values of S.aureus; 2.62±0.68 CFU/mL and S.mutans: 3.41±0.13 CFU/mL plunged significantly (p<0.05). Likewise, S. aureus and S. mutans CFU/mL (log10) strain values display reduction when treated with all four disinfectants while the count of C.albicans unveiled a significant plunge with CHX, TTO and neem extract except RB (p<0.05) CONCLUSION: 0.12% CHX and TTO have enhanced antimicrobial efficacy in reducing adhered bacterial colonies of E.coli, C.albicans, S.aureus, and S.mutans (CFU)/mL on a denture soft liner.

Efficacy of chemical and Photoactivated disinfectants against Candida Albicans and assessment of hardness, roughness, and mass loss of acrylic denture base resin

AIM

The present study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of hematoporphyrin derivative, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), glutaraldehyde (GaH), and a chlorhexidine (CHX) on mass loss (ML), microhardness, and surface roughness (Ra) of acrylic denture base colonized with C. Albicans.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A total of 40 heat cure acrylic resin dentures were fabricated and inoculated by the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) of C. Albicans in an in-vitro situation. Specimens were divided into four groups (n=10) based on the method of disinfection. Hematoporphyrin derivatives, 1% NaOCl, 2% GaH, and 4% CHX.The pre and post candida (CFU/ml) counts were recorded before and after immersion. ML, microhardness, and Ra of acrylic denture were also assessed. Statistical analysis was executed for CFU/mL (log10) for exposed C. Albicans by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple tests (p>0.05). For normality of the data, Dunnet's Simultaneous test was performed.

RESULTS

In terms of candida strain analysis, pretreatment to posttreatment comparisons revealed a reduction in mean Candida count in all groups (p<0.05). The highest ML value after post candida disinfection of acrylic denture was observed in 2% GaH (1.587 ± 0.25) treated specimens. The least microhardness value was found in group 1 when treated with hematoporphyrin (0.97 ± 0.22 VHN) which was significantly different from other groups (p<0.05). Group 1 surface treated with hematoporphyrin derivate (1.84 ± 0.22 μm) showed the highest Ra values (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

Acrylic denture base resin colonized with C. Albicans when treated with a chemical disinfectant of 4% chlorhexidine displayed the highest antimicrobial efficacy with reduced mass loss, less surface roughness, and maximum denture hardness.

CLEANING OF REMOVABLE DENTAL PROSTHESES - A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of the scientific evidence available from prospective clinical studies regarding denture hygiene interventions. Therefore, investigations addressing the efficacy of removing microorganisms and biofilms formed on the surface of removable dental prostheses (RDPs) and denture base materials in situ and their impact on the properties of denture base materials, such as color stability, surface roughness, and dimensional stability, were included. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted from June 1975-May 2020 and included articles published in English that have been indexed in the digital archives of PubMed and Cochrane (including PubMed, Embase, ICTRP, CT.gov). A complementary manual search of the initially retrieved studies was conducted. Inclusion criteria comprised prospective clinical trials with a minimum of ten participants investigating (1) approaches and methods to remove biofilms formed on the surface of RDPs and denture base materials in situ and/or (2) the influence of these biofilms on denture base materials. A total of forty-four studies were included in this systematic review, which was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020189649). Results and Conclusions Data gathered from the systematic review indicate that the combined use of chemical and mechanical denture hygiene interventions is significantly more effective than single cleaning approaches. Only limited evidence is available from clinical studies regarding the effect of denture hygiene interventions on the properties of denture base materials.

Caries effected dentin disinfection using Ozone, methylthioninium chloride and turmeric activated by photodynamic therapy on bond integrity of resin-modified glass ionomer cement

AIM

To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of caries effected dentin (CAD) bonded to resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) after being disinfected with different methods their effect on microleakage scores.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Based on criteria of ICDAS seventy-five teeth were selected and disinfected. All samples were grounded and a cavity prepared followed by random allocation of samples into different disinfection groups i.e., methylene blue photosensitizer (MBP), Silver diamine fluoride (SDF), Ozone (O₃); curcumin photosensitizer (CP) and chlorhexidine (CHX) (n = 15). All samples were restored with resin modified glass ionomer (RMGIC) incrementally. Ten specimens from each group were placed in universal testing machine (UTM) to calculate bond failure and failure type. Five samples from each group were evaluated for microleakage scores. SBS and microleakage scores was examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Post-hoc test. For all tests p-value, less than 0.5 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

The highest SBS was observed in CAD disinfected with CP bonded to RMGIC (16.42 ± 1.10 MPa). Similarly, the lowest bond values were demonstrated by CAD disinfected with MBP (9.21 ± 0.22 MPa) bonded to RMGIC respectively. CAD disinfected with CHX (Control) bonded to RMGIC demonstrated the lowest microleakage scores and showed a significant difference compared to other experimental groups (p< 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Curcumin along with O₃ has the potential to be used as a disinfectant in CAD as it improves SBS to RMGIC. CHX demonstrates low microleakage scores with decrease of bond integrity.

Efficacy of porphyrin derivative, Chlorhexidine and PDT in the surface disinfection and roughness of Cobalt chromium alloy removable partial dentures

AIM

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different cleansers and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on disinfection of Co/Cr removable partial denture colonized with C. albicans, S.aureus and S.mutans.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Twenty-five Co/Cr removable partial dentures were constructed. and inoculated by American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) of Candida albicans, S.aureus, and S.mutans in an in-vitro setup. Co/Cr removable partial dentures were randomly allocated into five groups and framework was immersed in 15 mL of contaminated culture medium broth. Based on the cleansing method, disinfected dentures in group 1 were cleansed with porphyrin derivative; group 2 was exposed to 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate; samples in group 3 and group 4 were subjected to sodium perborate enzyme and citric acid respectively. Through a surface analyzer, the surface roughness of Co/Cr and methacrylate resin was measured in 3 different zones in micrometers before and after disinfection. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test was used to analyze the data. Levene test was used to assess the normal distribution of data. Significance level p< 0.05 RESULTS: The results of metal roughness displayed that Co/Cr used as an alloy did not exhibit significant difference when exposed to different chemical disinfectants and photosensitizer (p > 0.05). Similarly, surface roughness (Ra) of heat polymerized acrylic resin using cleansers and PDT demonstrated no significant difference. Intergroup comparison showed that, hematoporphyrin derivative displayed comparable cleansing property against S. aureus, C.albicans, and S. mutans compared to to 0.12% CHX digluconate (p>0.05). The intragroup comparison showed hematoporphyrin derivative and CHX were equally effective against all bacteria (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION

CHX digluconate and hematoporphyrin derivative demonstrated high antimicrobial activity against S.aureus, S.mutans, and C.albicans with minimum Ra of an acrylic denture and Co/Cr metallic framework.

Disinfection of acrylic denture resin polymer with Rose Bengal, Methylene blue and Porphyrin derivative in photodynamic therapy

AIM

The study aimed to assess the effect of in-vitro chlorhexidine and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) disinfection protocols against acrylic resin specimens colonized with S. mutans, S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Reference strains of S. mutans, S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans were tested. Sixteen blocks of acrylic specimens were prepared by heat-cure acrylic resin and contaminated by in-vitro biofilm growth. Specimens in group 1, group 2 and group 3 were treated with Rose Bengal (RB), methylene blue (MB) 500 mg/L and porphyrin derivative (PD) 5 ml respectively, for the sensitization of biofilms. All photosensitizers (PS) were activated by LED at different wavelength. CHX was prepared in sterile distilled water and applied for 60 s. Each contaminated specimen was sprayed on all its surfaces with the aforementioned photosensitizers and control CHX. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used to test the effect of the treatments and Tukey multiple comparison tests to compare means OF CFU/mL (log10) for exposed E. coli, C. albicans, S aureus, and S. mutans RESULTS: Specimens treated with 0.12% CHX (control) demonstrated a significant reduction in CFU/mL (log10) for exposed E. coli; 2.04±0.07 CFU/mL, C. albicans; 2.09±0.85 CFU/mL, S aureus; 3.04±0.11 CFU/mL, and S. mutans; 2.54±0.91 CFU/mL. The intragroup comparison revealed E.coli did not exhibit a decrease in reduction CFU/mL (log10) when acrylic resin irradiated with RB 5 µm. Whereas, CFU/mL (log10) values of S.aureus; 3.62±0.68 and S.mutans; 3.41±0.13 plummeted (p<0.05). Intergroup comparison showed E.coli values to display comparable reduction when disinfected with MB 500 mg/L and 0.12% CHX; 3.16±0.34 and 2.04±0.07 CFU/mL (log10) (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

Photosensitizers (RB, MB, PD) are selective in reducing bacterial count on acrylic resin blocks. CHX was found to be effective against all bacteria E.coli, C.albicans, S.aureus, and S.mutans at a concentration of 0.12%.

Effect of Cleanser Solutions on the Retention Force of O'ring Attachment: An in Vitro Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cleaning solutions on the retention force of o-ring-type overdenture attachments. The effect of four solutions on nitrile rings were evaluated: Cepacol (C), Cepacol with fluoride (CF), Listerine (L) and 0.05% sodium hypochlorite (SH); deionized water (DW) was used as a control. Matrices containing two implants and abutments and acrylic specimens with the metal capsules were obtained and divided into the groups. A simulation of 90 overnight immersions (8 h) was performed, and the tensile strength value was obtained at the beginning (T0) and in every 30 days (T1, T2 and T3) (n=6). In order to analyze o-ring surface damage after the immersions, a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used (n=1). For statistical analysis of the results, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparisons with Bonferroni adjustment (test power=1.000; a=0.05) were used. There was a significant difference for the factors time (p<0.001), solution (p<0.001) and for the interaction time × solution (p<0.001). Considering the times of each solution, only for DW there was no significant loss of retention over time. Comparing the solutions in each moment, there was no difference among the solutions in T0. From T1, CF and SH provided less retention than DW (p<0.005). Through SEM it was possible to observe changes in the surface of the CF and SH nitrile o-rings. CF and SH should be avoided due to deleterious action in o-rings.

Prevalence and susceptibility profile of Candida spp. isolated from patients in cancer therapy

OBJECTIVE

This study determined the prevalence of Candida spp. in the saliva of cancer patients. Furthermore, we assessed the antimicrobial activity of mouthwashes against the isolated strains and its susceptibility to amphotericin B and fluconazole.

METHODS

Thirty-four cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, chemotherapy alone or combined treatment were investigated for oral Candida spp. colonization and compared in regard to mucositis presence. The maximum inhibitory dilution was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of Periogard®, Cepacol® Cool Ice and 0.12 % Chlorhexidine Digluconate mouthwashes against the isolates. In parallel, susceptibility to amphotericin B and fluconazole was determined by agar-based E-test. Data did not adhere to normal distribution as inferred by the Shapiro-Wilk test and statistical analysis was conducted by non-parametric McNemar test (α0.05).

RESULTS

Twenty-seven participants (79.4 %) were male, 19 (55.9 %) had mucositis and 9 (26.5 %) were colonized by Candida spp. 12 different strains of Candida spp. were isolated, being Candida albicans the most prevalent strain. Risk of Candida spp. colonization was increased by almost twofold among the participants with mucositis (odds ratio: 1.84; 95 % confidence interval: 0.37-9.07). Mouthwash Cepacol® Cool Ice presented better antimicrobial activity against Candida spp. while 0.12 % Chlorhexidine exhibited the worst activity. All strains were sensitive to amphotericin B, and 2 non-albicans strains were dose-dependent sensitive to fluconazole.

CONCLUSION

Considering the increased risk of colonization byCandida spp. in patients with mucositis, and the emergence of antifungal drug resistance, the antiseptics use could benefit the maintenance of cancer patient's oral health.

Cetylpyridinium Chloride: Mechanism of Action, Antimicrobial Efficacy in Biofilms, and Potential Risks of Resistance

Antimicrobial resistance is a serious issue for public health care all over the world. While resistance toward antibiotics has attracted strong interest among researchers and the general public over the last 2 decades, the directly related problem of resistance toward antiseptics and biocides has been somewhat left untended. In the field of dentistry, antiseptics are routinely used in professional care, but they are also included in lots of oral care products such as mouthwashes or dentifrices, which are easily available for consumers over-the-counter. Despite this fact, there is little awareness among the dental community about potential risks of the widespread, unreflected, and potentially even needless use of antiseptics in oral care. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a quaternary ammonium compound, which was first described in 1939, is one of the most commonly used antiseptics in oral care products and included in a wide range of over-the-counter products such as mouthwashes and dentifrices. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current literature on CPC, particularly focusing on its mechanism of action, its antimicrobial efficacy toward biofilms, and on potential risks of resistance toward this antiseptic as well as underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, this work aims to raise awareness among the dental community about the risk of resistance toward antiseptics in general.

Evaluation of the physical and antifungal effects of chlorhexidine diacetate incorporated into polymethyl methacrylate

This study aimed to evaluate the physical properties and antifungal activities of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic resins after the incorporation of chlorhexidine diacetate salt (CDA).

Effect of Denture Cleansers on Cobalt-Chromium Alloy Surface: A Simulated Period of 5 Years' Use

PURPOSE

To compare the effect of solutions of effervescent tablets (ET), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and experimental solutions of Ricinus communis on the surface of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fifty-five specimens of Co-Cr were prepared by the lost-wax casting method using circular patterns (∅12 × 3 mm). The specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups: deionized water (control); 2% R. communis; 10% R. communis; ET, and CPC. The surface roughness of specimens (n = 10) was evaluated before immersion (baseline), and at simulated times of ½, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, by laser confocal microscope (Sa, μm) and profilometer (Ra, μm). The surface topography and chemical composition (n = 1) was qualitatively analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). Data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn tests, and Friedman followed by Wilcoxon tests (α = 0.05).

RESULTS

For Sa, there was no difference for the solution factor. For the time factor a significant difference was found with 2% R. communis solution among baseline and ½, 2, 3, and 5 years (p < 0.001) and with 10% R. communis solution between 1 and 2 years (p = 0.007), with decreasing roughness over time. For Ra, cetylpyridinium chloride exhibited less roughness than 10% R. communis solution in ½ (p = 0.048) and 5 years (p = 0.013). In the SEM and EDS analysis the solutions did not present deleterious effects or changes in the chemical composition on the surfaces.

CONCLUSIONS

Although a significant difference was found for the roughness, the results, below 0.2 μm, are clinically acceptable. Thus, all solutions can be used safely in removable partial denture cleaning for a period of 5 years.

Assessment of Hygiene Habits in Acrylic Denture Wearers: a Cross-sectional Study

Objectives:

To assess the denture hygiene habits in a population of Lebanese denture wearers.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and thirty-two (132) patients [71 women (53.8%) and 61 men (46.2%)] wearing their acrylic dentures for more than two years were included in this study. The hygiene methods related to their dentures were evaluated and the data obtained were analyzed statistically using the IBM^® SPSS^® statistics 20.0 (USA) statistical package.

Results:

Regardless of the cleaning technique, the big majority of our participants [123 out of 132 (93.1%)] cleaned their dentures daily. The two mostly used denture cleaning techniques were rinsing with tap water (34.1%) and brushing with toothpaste (31.8%). Nearly half of our patients (45.5%) soaked their dentures during the night; most of them with cleansing tablets dissolved in water (28.8%).

Conclusions:

Within the limitations of our study, it was concluded that in a sample of Lebanese population surveyed about denture hygiene habits, the daily frequency of denture cleaning is satisfactory, but the techniques and products used were self-estimated and, consequently, not sufficient.

EVALUATION OF DENTURE-RELATED FACTORS PREDISPOSING TO DENTURE STOMATITIS IN A LEBANESE POPULATION

BACKGROUND

Denture stomatitis is a common fungal oral infection of multifactorial etiology. Denture-related factors such as denture's age, hygiene, night wearing and colonization by Candida albicans are known to predispose to denture stomatitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate these factors and their relationship with the occurrence of denture stomatitis in a Lebanese population.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Sixty patients (40 women, 20 men; age range 40-80 years) showing clinical evidence of denture-related stomatitis were selected for this study. Swab samples from the palate and the palatal surfaces of the upper dentures of these patients were collected and examined mycologically. Denture's age, hygiene, night wearing and colonization by Candida albicans were evaluated and analyzed statistically.

RESULTS

The statistical analysis showed a significant role for denture's hygiene, night wearing, and colonization by Candida albicans in the installation of the denture stomatitis. Patient's gender and age, as well as the denture's age, were not significant predictors of the disease.

CONCLUSION

In a sample of Lebanese population, poor denture hygiene, continuous denture use, and Candida denture colonization are important etiological factors that contribute to denture stomatitis.