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Alsarani MM, Khan AA, Bautista LSJ, Alsunbul H, Matinlinna JP. Effect of peroxide-free and peroxide-based in-office bleaching on the surface and mechanical properties of CAD/CAM esthetic restorative materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e13016. [PMID: 39272220 DOI: 10.1111/eos.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the influence of H2O2-based and H2O2-free in-office bleaching on the surface and mechanical attributes of CAD/CAM composite blocks. CAD/CAM composite blocks from five different composite materials (CC1, CC2, CC3, CC4, and CC5) were randomly divided into two groups according to bleaching application (H2O2-based and H2O2-free). The surface topography, morphology, nanohardness, elastic modulus, flexural strength, and fracture toughness were measured. A paired and unpaired sample t-tests gauged the effect of pre- and post-bleaching on the substrates. The estimated mean differences (before-after bleaching) suggested an increase in surface roughness for two materials CC2 and CC4, and a significant decrease in nanohardness for material CC4 and in elastic modulus for materials CC2 and CC4 with H2O2-based bleaching, whereas H2O2-free bleaching resulted in changes compatible with no change in these properties. Flexural strength and fracture toughness showed no evidence of changes, irrespective of the bleaching gel used. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed erosive effects and micropore formation due to H2O2-based bleaching. H2O2-based bleaching deteriorates the surface of CAD/CAM composite materials while H2O2-free bleaching gel had an insignificant effect on both surface and bulk properties. The clinician should carefully evaluate the potential effects of H2O2-based bleaching on the surface properties of CAD/CAM composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed M Alsarani
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmed Khan
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonel S J Bautista
- Dental and Oral Rehabilitation Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alsunbul
- Restorative Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jukka P Matinlinna
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Queiroz J, Amaro LF, Massucatto LO, Dovigo LN, Adabo GL, Fonseca RG. Effect of Successive At-home Bleaching Sessions on the Surface Properties, Biaxial Flexural Strength, and Reliability of CAD-CAM Monolithic Materials. Oper Dent 2024; 49:531-539. [PMID: 39187958 DOI: 10.2341/23-030-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Although at-home bleaching can recover the optical properties of stained CAD-CAM monolithic materials, little is known about its impact on their surface and mechanical properties, especially when successive sessions are performed. This study evaluated the effect of successive at-home bleaching sessions on the microhardness, roughness, topography, biaxial flexural strength (BFS), and reliability of CAD-CAM monolithic materials. Disks from Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (VE), and IPS Empress CAD (EMP) were fabricated and submitted to up to three bleaching sessions. At-home bleaching was performed with 10% carbamide peroxide, and each session consisted of one application for 10 hours/day for 14 days. The analyses of the aforementioned parameters were assessed before and after the first, second, and third bleaching sessions, except for BFS, which was evaluated at baseline and after the third session. The Weibull modulus was calculated from the BFS data. The microhardness of the three materials as well as the roughness of LU were not affected by the sessions, whereas the roughness of VE and EMP increased from the second session. All materials displayed topographic changes, which became more pronounced with the increase in the number of sessions. Although bleaching decreased the BFS of the materials, it did not adversely affect their reliability. Successive at-home bleaching sessions with the protocol used in the present study cannot be considered a safe procedure for the materials evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jfc Queiroz
- João Fernando Carrijo Queiroz, DDS, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L F Amaro
- Larissa Franco Amaro, graduate student, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L O Massucatto
- Larissa Oziliero Massucatto, graduate student, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L N Dovigo
- Lívia Nordi Dovigo, DDS, MSc, PhD, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G L Adabo
- Gelson Luis Adabo, DDS, MSc, PhD, full professor, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R G Fonseca
- *Renata Garcia Fonseca, DDS, MSc, PhD, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pinheiro ACP, Aires OV, Gasperini MRC, Lima LCD, Shimokawa CAK, Turbino ML. The effect of tooth bleaching using violet LED (405-410 nm) on the properties of resin-based composites. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103883. [PMID: 37944626 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bleaching techniques, including or not the use of violet light (405-410 nm), on resin-based composites' color, surface roughness, nanohardness, and elastic modulus. METHODS Ninety-six disk-shaped specimens (12 mm x 2 mm; n = 12) were prepared using Filtek Z350 XT (Z350) and IPS Empress Direct (ED) resin-based composites. After 24 h, specimens were stained in red wine for 28 days. After staining, specimens were divided into four experimental groups: 40 % Hydrogen Peroxide (HP); Violet Light (VL); 40 % Hydrogen Peroxide associated with Violet Light (HP+VL), and a control group - no treatment (NT). Specimens were evaluated at six experimental times: initial (24 h after light curing); after staining and after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th bleaching sessions regarding the color change (ΔE00, L*, a*, b*, and WID); roughness (Ra), nanohardness and elastic modulus (GPa). Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was performed (α=0.05 %). RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between staining and the 1st bleaching session for all ED groups (p<0.05). After the last bleaching session, there were no differences between the experimental and the control groups of both resin-based composites. Bleaching using violet light did not change the roughness, nanohardness and elastic modulus of the tested resin-based composites (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although hydrogen peroxide and violet light remove pigments from resin-based composites without affecting their surface roughness, nanohardness, and elastic modulus, the color change was similar to the one obtained by immersion in distilled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cavalcante Pereira Pinheiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Olívia Vieira Aires
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rossi Carneiro Gasperini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Custódio de Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Kenji Shimokawa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Míriam Lacalle Turbino
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Basheer RR, Abouelmagd DM, Alnefaie A, Baamer R. Effect of At-Home Versus Over-the-Counter Bleaching Agents on Enamel Color, Roughness, and Color Stability. Cureus 2023; 15:e39036. [PMID: 37323345 PMCID: PMC10266434 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of standard at-home bleaching agents in comparison to new over-the-counter (OTC) products on human enamel regarding color change, color stability, and surface roughness. Methodology A total of 80 extracted adult human maxillary central incisors were prepared and arbitrarily divided into the following four equal groups (N =20): group A: at-home opalescence boost containing 15% carbamide peroxide (CP); group B: crest whitening strips containing 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP); group C: light-emitted diode (LED) home tray with 20% CP + 4% HP; and group D: white and black toothpaste containing active charcoal components. Tooth color was measured using a spectrophotometer. Enamel surface roughness using a three-dimensional optical profilometer was measured before and after the bleaching procedure. To assess color stability, each bleached group was further subdivided into two equal subgroups (n = 10) according to the immersion media of either coffee or tea. Finally, the color was measured after 24 hours of immersion. Results All groups showed improvement in color from the baseline. The crest whitening strips group showed the lowest color improvement in comparison to all other groups. After staining, group C showed the lowest mean color change value ∆E2. No statistically significant difference was noted in surface roughness among all groups. Conclusions All OTC bleaching products as well as at-home bleaching improve teeth color and increase roughness on the enamel surface. Staining media has an adverse effect on the teeth after bleaching. The LED home tray showed a better whitening effect and color stability after bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha R Basheer
- Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
- Conservative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, EGY
| | - Dalia M Abouelmagd
- Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
- Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY
| | - Abeer Alnefaie
- General Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Raghad Baamer
- General Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Queiroz J, Fernandes L, Dovigo LN, Fonseca RG. Effect of Successive In-office Bleaching Sessions on the Surface Properties, Substance Loss, Biaxial Flexural Strength, and Reliability of CAD-CAM Monolithic Materials. Oper Dent 2023; 48:E25-E34. [PMID: 36445977 DOI: 10.2341/21-145-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of in-office bleaching on the surface properties and on other aspects of CAD-CAM monolithic materials, especially when successive bleaching sessions are conducted. This study evaluated the effect of up to three successive in-office bleaching sessions on the microhardness, roughness, topography, substance loss, biaxial flexural strength (BFS), and reliability of CAD-CAM monolithic materials. Disks from Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (VE), and IPS Empress CAD (EMP) were fabricated and submitted to one, two, and three bleaching sessions. In-office bleaching was performed with 40% hydrogen peroxide and each session consisted of three applications of 20 minutes each. The analyses regarding the aforementioned parameters were assessed before and after the first, second, and third bleaching sessions, except for BFS, which was evaluated at the baseline and after the third session. Weibull modulus was calculated from the BFS data. Bleaching decreased the microhardness of LU and VE from the third and second sessions, respectively, and affected neither the roughness nor the BFS of the three materials. However, in LU, it decreased the reliability and caused topographic changes, which were accentuated by the increase in the number of sessions. In general, LU and EMP showed, respectively, the highest and the lowest substance losses. Successive in-office bleaching sessions with the use of the protocol of the present study should be avoided in LU and VE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jfc Queiroz
- João Fernando Carrijo Queiroz, postgraduate student, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Fernandes
- Leandro Fernandes, Ing, MSc, PhD, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L N Dovigo
- Lívia Nordi Dovigo, DDS, MSc, PhD, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R G Fonseca
- *Renata Garcia Fonseca, DDS, MSc, PhD, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Color Matching of Universal Shade Resin-Based Composite with Natural Teeth and Its Stability before and after In-Office Bleaching. Int J Biomater 2022; 2022:8420890. [PMID: 36341131 PMCID: PMC9629951 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8420890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Esthetics is an essential issue for the long-term success of composite resin restoration. Therefore, this study aimed to view the esthetics of universal shade composite resin restorations and to assess its color matching before and after bleaching. Materials and Methods Overall, 40 freshly extracted premolars were mounted in an acrylic resin mold, and Class V cavities were then prepared and restored by OMNICHROMA composite (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan) and polished with 2-step polishing system. Baseline color analysis was performed using VITA Easyshade V digital spectrophotometer, and another color analysis was carried out 24 hours after storage in distilled water. In-office bleaching was carried out, and color measurements were taken after bleaching and 2 weeks postbleaching. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0 Windows version statistical software. Changes were considered statistically significant at P = 0.05. Results ΔE value of OMNICHROMA restoration before and after restoration was 6.474, 3.529 before and after bleaching, and 3.651 two-weeks postbleaching. In-office bleaching was effective in bleaching the OMNICHROMA specimens as the restoration showed positive ΔL∗ values, which indicated that the specimens were lighter in color after bleaching; however, the bleaching effect was not maintained after 2 weeks. Conclusion OMNICHROMA universal shade composite resin restoration showed different color matching values with the adjacent enamel of class Vs. The material appeared lighter in shade postbleaching, and the color change was not maintained 2 weeks postbleaching.
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Esmaeili B, Shakibafard M, Ezoji F, Bijani A. Evaluation of the effects of different concentrations of bleaching agents on flexural strength and microhardness of VITA ENAMIC. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.344155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Peng PW, Huang CF, Hsu CY, Chen A, Ng HH, Cheng MS, Tsay S, Lai JY, Yang TS, Lee WF. Color Stability and Staining Susceptibility of Direct Resin-Based Composites after Light-Activated In-Office Bleaching. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172941. [PMID: 34502981 PMCID: PMC8433739 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated color stability and staining susceptibility of five direct resin-based composites (RBCs) subjected to light-activated in-office bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP). The test materials included 5 RBCs, which consisted of one nano-filled, one sub-micron, one bulk-filled, and two nano-hybrid RBC types. Ten disc-shaped specimens of each RBC were fabricated and divided into bleaching (BLE) and non-bleaching (CON) groups (n = 5 for each group). Specimens were then immersed in red wine solution over 4 h. A spectrophotometer was used to obtain Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* parameters for each of the following periods tested: before bleaching (TBA), after bleaching (TBL), and after staining (TST). Color stability and staining susceptibility were evaluated using two metrics, CIEDE2000 color differences (ΔE00) and whiteness variations using the whiteness index (ΔWID). Data were analyzed using repeated measures two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α = 0.05). Statistically significant and clinically unaccepted ΔE00 and ΔWID were observed for all tested specimens between TBA and TBL. The nano-hybrid type RBCs showed the highest discoloration among materials after bleaching treatment. The BLE group exhibited significantly higher ΔE00 and ΔWID than the CON group for all the tested RBCs between TBA and TST. The sub-micron type RBC showed the highest discoloration among materials after immersion in the red wine. Conclusion. The light-activated in-office bleaching with 40% HP's influences on color and whiteness index were material-dependent. The use of bleaching treatment also increased the susceptibility to red wine for all RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Peng
- School of Dental Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-W.P.); (C.-F.H.)
| | - Chiung-Fang Huang
- School of Dental Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-W.P.); (C.-F.H.)
- Division of Family and Operative Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Hsu
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Ann Chen
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (A.C.); (H.-H.N.); (M.-S.C.); (S.T.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Ho-Him Ng
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (A.C.); (H.-H.N.); (M.-S.C.); (S.T.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Man-Si Cheng
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (A.C.); (H.-H.N.); (M.-S.C.); (S.T.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Shiang Tsay
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (A.C.); (H.-H.N.); (M.-S.C.); (S.T.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Jia-Yi Lai
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (A.C.); (H.-H.N.); (M.-S.C.); (S.T.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Tzu-Sen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-S.Y.); (W.-F.L.)
| | - Wei-Fang Lee
- School of Dental Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-W.P.); (C.-F.H.)
- Correspondence: (T.-S.Y.); (W.-F.L.)
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Marquillas CB, Procaccini R, Malmagro MV, Sánchez-Martín MJ. Breaking the rules: tooth whitening by means of a reducing agent. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2773-2779. [PMID: 31748981 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is widely accepted that current tooth whitening treatment effect is based on the oxidizing action of peroxides, even if the mechanism of action remains still unclear. Treatments are claimed to be safe, but several secondary effects have been described, since long application times and high concentrations are needed. A faster whitening ingredient which permits the use of lower concentrations and shorter application times could potentially overcome this problem. In this work, a different approach based on a reducing agent, sodium metabisulfite (MBS), is explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS The reaction between tannic acid (TA) with carbamide peroxide (CP), MBS, and potassium persulfate (PS), as an oxidizing agent, was monitored for 48 hours by measuring its absorbance, comparing their different whitening effects. The reduction process between TA and MBS was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. An in vitro test was used to observe if MBS whitens also stained teeth. RESULTS It is shown that MBS bleaching effect is faster and higher than CP's effect over time. PS produced a darkening effect after the 3rd hour because of the strong absorbance of the oxidation metabolite. Cyclic voltammetry showed a progressive increase in the intensity of the TA anodic peak when MBS was present, demonstrating that a reduction is taking place. In vitro, MBS showed a faster whitening performance than CP, using lower concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Using a TA solution as a staining model, it was possible to show that MBS has a visible bleaching effect through a reduction reaction, faster than CP, both in solution and in vitro. Low concentrations of MBS are effective in whitening. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This work shows MBS as a promising candidate to develop novel whitening treatments, which is acting by reducing mechanism instead of oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Babot Marquillas
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Raúl Procaccini
- División Electroquímica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA-CONICET-UNMdP), 10850 Av. Colón, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Manuel Valiente Malmagro
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria-Jesús Sánchez-Martín
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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