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Yu W, Cai S, Zhao J, Hu S, Zang C, Xu J, Hu L. Beyond genome: Advanced omics progress of Panax ginseng. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 341:112022. [PMID: 38311250 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Ginseng is a perennial herb of the genus Panax in the family Araliaceae as one of the most important traditional medicine. Genomic studies of ginseng assist in the systematic discovery of genes related to bioactive ginsenosides biosynthesis and resistance to stress, which are of great significance in the conservation of genetic resources and variety improvement. The transcriptome reflects the difference and consistency of gene expression, and transcriptomics studies of ginseng assist in screening ginseng differentially expressed genes to further explore the powerful gene source of ginseng. Protein is the ultimate bearer of ginseng life activities, and proteomic studies of ginseng assist in exploring the biosynthesis and regulation of secondary metabolites like ginsenosides and the molecular mechanism of ginseng adversity adaptation at the overall level. In this review, we summarize the current status of ginseng research in genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, respectively. We also discuss and look forward to the development of ginseng genome allele mapping, ginseng spatiotemporal, single-cell transcriptome, as well as ginseng post-translational modification proteome. We hope that this review will contribute to the in-depth study of ginseng and provide a reference for future analysis of ginseng from a systems biology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyuan Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuhan Hu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Zang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Lianghai Hu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Song J, Yang J, Jeong BR. Difference between Day and Night Temperature (DIF) and Light Intensity Affect Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Panax ginseng Meyer Sprouts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2820. [PMID: 37570974 PMCID: PMC10420926 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng sprouts (PGS) have the advantage of requiring short-term cultivation while maintaining higher ginsenoside contents than traditional ginseng seedlings. It is feasible to improve their yield capacity by manipulating physical factors such as temperature and light. This study therefore investigated the effects of the DIF (difference between day and night temperature) and LI (light intensity) on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of PGS. To this end, four DIF treatments (18/22 °C, 20/20 °C, 22/22 °C, 22/18 °C), corresponding to two LI regimes (20 PPFD, 200 PPFD), were applied on one-year-old ginseng rootlets in closed-type plant production systems (CPPSs). The PGS had distinctly different responses to the eight treatments. In particular, we found that negative DIF considerably hampered the growth and development of roots, shoots, leaves, and photosynthesis, regardless of the LI considered. The PGS treated with 20/20 °C combined with 20 PPFD displayed the best root growth, shoot development, leaf area, as well as optimal photosynthetic ability. On the other hand, we further showed that the root growth rate was positively correlated with the stem diameter, leaf traits, and photosynthetic ability, whereas it was negatively correlated with the petiole length, stem length, and shoot length. Collectively, 20/20 °C combined with 20 PPFD was the optimal condition in the current study, and may be regarded as a successful strategy for large-scale productions of PGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnan Song
- Shandong Facility Horticulture Bioengineering Research Center, Jia Sixie College of Agriculture, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, China; (J.S.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingli Yang
- Shandong Facility Horticulture Bioengineering Research Center, Jia Sixie College of Agriculture, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, China; (J.S.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Ryong Jeong
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Islam MJ, Ryu BR, Azad MOK, Rahman MH, Rana MS, Lim JD, Lim YS. Exogenous Putrescine Enhances Salt Tolerance and Ginsenosides Content in Korean Ginseng ( Panax ginseng Meyer) Sprouts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1313. [PMID: 34203403 PMCID: PMC8309092 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of exogenously applied putrescine (Put) on salt stress tolerance was investigated in Panax ginseng. Thirty-day-old ginseng sprouts were grown in salinized nutrient solution (150 mM NaCl) for five days, while the control sprouts were grown in nutrients solution. Putrescine (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mM) was sprayed on the plants once at the onset of salinity treatment, whereas control plants were sprayed with water only. Ginseng seedlings tested under salinity exhibited reduced plant growth and biomass production, which was directly interlinked with reduced chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence due to higher reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide; H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) production. Application of Put enhanced accumulation of proline, total soluble carbohydrate, total soluble sugar and total soluble protein. At the same time, activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase in leaves, stems, and roots of ginseng seedlings were increased. Such modulation of physio-biochemical processes reduced the level of H2O2 and MDA, which indicates a successful adaptation of ginseng seedlings to salinity stress. Moreover, protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides enhanced by both salinity stress and exogenous Put treatment. On the other hand, protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides enhanced in roots and reduced in leaves and stems under salinity stress condition. In contrast, they enhanced by exogenous Put application in all parts of the plants for most cases, also evidenced by principal component analysis. Collectively, our findings provide an important prospect for the use of Put in modulating salinity tolerance and ginsenosides content in ginseng sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jahirul Islam
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
- Physiology and Sugar Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Ishurdi 6620, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Byeong Ryeol Ryu
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Md. Hafizur Rahman
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Md. Soyel Rana
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Jung-Dae Lim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Young-Seok Lim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
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Zhao N, Cheng M, Lv W, Wu Y, Liu D, Zhang X. Peptides as Potential Biomarkers for Authentication of Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng and Cultivated Ginseng of Different Ages Using UPLC-HRMS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2263-2275. [PMID: 31986019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The growth conditions and age of Panax ginseng are vital for determining the quality of the ginseng plant. However, the considerable difference in price according to the cultivation method and period of P. ginseng leads to its adulteration in the trade market. We herein focused on ginseng peptides and the possibility of these peptides to be used as biomarker(s) for discrimination of P. ginseng. We applied an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry-based peptidomics approach to characterize ginseng peptides and discover novel peptide biomarkers for authentication of mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG). We identified 52 high-confidence peptides and screened 20 characteristic peptides differentially expressed between MCG and cultivated ginseng (CG). Intriguingly, 6 differential peptides were expressed significantly in MCG and originated from dehydrins that accumulated during cold or drought conditions. In addition, 14 other differential peptides that were significantly expressed in CG derived from ginseng major protein, an essential protein for nitrogen storage. These biological associations confirmed the reliability and credibility of the differential peptides. Additionally, we determined several robust peptide biomarkers for discrimination of MCG through a precise selection process. These findings demonstrate the potential of peptide biomarkers for identification and quality control of P. ginseng in addition to ginsenoside analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zhongshan Road 457 , Dalian 116023 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan Road 19 , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Mengchun Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zhongshan Road 457 , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Wei Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zhongshan Road 457 , Dalian 116023 , China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , North Minzu University , Yinchuan 750021 , China
| | - Yulin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zhongshan Road 457 , Dalian 116023 , China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Jinshui East Road 156 , Zhengzhou 450046 , China
| | - Dan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zhongshan Road 457 , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zhongshan Road 457 , Dalian 116023 , China
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Kim SW, Min CW, Gupta R, Jo IH, Bang KH, Kim YC, Kim KH, Kim ST. Proteomics Analysis of Early Salt-Responsive Proteins in Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) Leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.7783/kjmcs.2014.22.5.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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