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Khatkar R, Nagpal S. Conventional and advanced detection approaches of fluoride in water: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:325. [PMID: 36692796 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine is a naturally occurring element found in soil, water, food materials, and natural minerals such as fluorapatite, sellaite, and cryolite and exists as fluoride compounds with other elements because of high reactivity. The exposure of fluoride to the environment and human beings are industrial factors, food, water, and geogenic factors that impact the health of millions of human beings worldwide. Overexposure to fluoride exceeding the permissible limit (1.5 mg/l as per WHO) causes several diseases in human beings, such as teeth mottling, thyroid inflammation, dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, lesions in the kidney, and other organs. To overcome the deleterious impact of fluoride, its detection at an early stage is very much required. Therefore, feeling the importance of the same, immense efforts have been made to the selective and sensitive determination of fluoride in water by numerous researchers. This review paper summarizes the various conventional methods such as spectroscopic, ion chromatography, ICP-OES, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, their advantages, and drawbacks leading to the development of advanced ready-to-use detection strategies such as stamartphones for on-the-spot fluoride detection. This review paper also discusses future directions, which will assist scientists in achieving a new benchmark in developing a reliable, cost-effective, and user-friendly fluoride detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Khatkar
- Department of Environmental Science, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari, Haryana, India
| | - Suman Nagpal
- Department of Environmental Science, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari, Haryana, India.
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Kannappan S, Ramisetty BCM. Engineered Whole-Cell-Based Biosensors: Sensing Environmental Heavy Metal Pollutants in Water-a Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:1814-1840. [PMID: 34783990 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The frequent exposure and accumulation of heavy metals in organisms cause serious health issues affecting a range of organs such as the brain, liver, and reproductive organs in adults, infants, and children. Several parts of the world have high levels of heavy metals affecting millions of people, costing millions of dollars for improving the potability of water and medical treatment of the affected. Hence, water quality assessment is required to monitor the degree of heavy metal contamination in potable water. In nature, organisms respond to various environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, allowing their survival in a diverse environmental niche. With the advent of recombinant DNA technology, it is now possible to manipulate these natural bioreporters into controlled systems which either turn on or off gene expression or activity of enzymes in the presence of specific heavy metals (compound-specific biosensors) otherwise termed as whole-cell biosensors (WCBs). WCBs provide an upper hand compared to other immunosensors, enzyme-based sensors, and DNA-based sensors since microbes can be relatively easily manipulated, scaled up with relative ease, and can detect only the bioavailable heavy metals. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the various mechanisms of toxicity elicited by various heavy metals, thence emphasizing the need to develop heavy metal sensing platforms. Following this, the biosensor-based platforms including WCBs for detecting heavy metals developed thus far have been briefly elaborated upon, emphasizing the challenges and solutions associated with WCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrute Kannappan
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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Amperometric biosensors in an uncompetitive inhibition processes: a complete theoretical and numerical analysis. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-02015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dimensionally Stable Anode Based Sensor for Urea Determination via Linear Sweep Voltammetry. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21103450. [PMID: 34063448 PMCID: PMC8156184 DOI: 10.3390/s21103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Urea is an added value chemical with wide applications in the industry and agriculture. The release of urea waste to the environment affects ecosystem health despite its low toxicity. Online monitoring of urea for industrial applications and environmental health is an unaddressed challenge. Electroanalytical techniques can be a smart integrated solution for online monitoring if sensors can overcome the major barrier associated with long-term stability. Mixed metal oxides have shown excellent stability in environmental conditions with long lasting operational lives. However, these materials have been barely explored for sensing applications. This work presents a proof of concept that demonstrates the applicability of an indirect electroanalytical quantification method of urea. The use of Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2 dimensional stable anode (DSA®) can provide accurate and sensitive quantification of urea in aqueous samples exploiting the excellent catalytic properties of DSA® on the electrogeneration of active chlorine species. The cathodic reduction of accumulated HClO/ClO− from anodic electrogeneration presented a direct relationship with urea concentration. This novel method can allow urea quantification with a competitive LOD of 1.83 × 10−6 mol L−1 within a linear range of 6.66 × 10−6 to 3.33 × 10−4 mol L−1 of urea concentration.
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Bayram SS, Green P, Blum AS. Sensing of heavy metal ions by intrinsic TMV coat protein fluorescence. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 195:21-24. [PMID: 29367022 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose the use of a cysteine mutant of TMV coat protein as a signal transducer for the selective sensing and quantification of the heavy metal ions, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ based on intrinsic tryptophan quenching. TMV coat protein is inexpensive, can be mass-produced since it is expressed and extracted from E-coli. It also displays several different functional groups, enabling a wide repertoire of bioconjugation chemistries; thus it can be easily integrated into functional devices. In addition, TMV-ion interactions have been widely reported and utilized for metallization to generate organic-inorganic hybrid composite novel materials. Building on these previous observations, we herein determine, for the first time, the TMV-ion binding constants assuming the static fluorescence quenching model. We also show that by comparing TMV-ion interactions between native and denatured coat protein, we can distinguish between chemically similar heavy metal ions such as cadmium and zinc ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene S Bayram
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Philippe Green
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Amy Szuchmacher Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
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Verma N, Kaur G. Trends on Biosensing Systems for Heavy Metal Detection. BIOSENSORS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD - NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ayenimo JG, Adeloju SB. Inhibitive potentiometric detection of trace metals with ultrathin polypyrrole glucose oxidase biosensor. Talanta 2015; 137:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Budnikov SR. INVESTIGATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF REACTIVATION OF UREASE BIOSENSOR FOR HEAVY METALS INHIBITION ANALYSIS. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2015. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech8.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Mozaffari SA, Rahmanian R, Abedi M, Amoli HS. Urea impedimetric biosensor based on reactive RF magnetron sputtered zinc oxide nanoporous transducer. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ilangovan R, Daniel D, Krastanov A, Zachariah C, Elizabeth R. Enzyme based Biosensor for Heavy Metal Ions Determination. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2006.10817330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Kulhari A, Sheorayan A, Bajar S, Sarkar S, Chaudhury A, Kalia RK. Investigation of heavy metals in frequently utilized medicinal plants collected from environmentally diverse locations of north western India. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:676. [PMID: 24386622 PMCID: PMC3877414 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of environmental pollution, especially soil contamination with heavy metals has led to their uptake in the human food chains through plant parts. Accumulation and magnification of heavy metals in human tissues through consumption of herbal remedies can cause hazardous impacts on health. Therefore, chemical profiling of nine heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Pb, Fe, Cd, Co, Zn, Ni and Hg) was undertaken in stem and leaf samples of ten medicinal plants (Acacia nilotica, Bacopa monnieri, Commiphora wightii, Ficus religiosa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hemidesmus indicus, Salvadora oleoides, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula and Withania somnifera) collected from environmentally diverse regions of Haryana and Rajasthan states in North-Western India. Concentration of all heavy metals, except Cr, was within permissible limits in the tested stem and leaf samples. Leaf samples had consistently more Cr compared to respective stem samples with highest concentration in leaf samples of Bacopa monnieri (13.19 ± 0.0480 ppm) and stem samples of Withania somnifera (4.93 ± 0.0185 ppm) both collected from Bahadurgarh (heavy industrial area), Haryana. This amount was beyond the permissible limit of 2.0 ppm defined by WHO for raw herbal material. Other two most perilous metals Pb (2.64 ± 0.0260) and Cd (0.04 ± 0.0274) were also recorded in Bahadurgarh region, although below permissible limits. Concentration of Hg remained below detectable levels in all the leaf and stem samples tested. These results suggested that cultivation of medicinal plants and other dietary herbs should be curtailed near environmentally polluted especially industrial areas for avoidance of health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Kulhari
- Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342003 India
| | - Arun Sheorayan
- Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342003 India
| | - Somvir Bajar
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001 India
| | - Susheel Sarkar
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, Pusa New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Chaudhury
- Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342003 India
| | - Rajwant K Kalia
- Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342003 India
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Turdean GL. Design and Development of Biosensors for the Detection of Heavy Metal Toxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/343125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many compounds (including heavy metals, HMs) used in different fields of industry and/or agriculture act as inhibitors of enzymes, which, as consequence, are unable to bind the substrate. Even if it is not so sensitive, the method for detecting heavy metal traces using biosensors has a dynamic trend and is largely applied for improving the “life quality”, because of biosensor's sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity. In the last years, they also become more and more a synergetic combination between biotechnology and microelectronics. Dedicated biosensors were developed for offline and online analysis, and also, their extent and diversity could be called a real “biosensor revolution”. A panel of examples of biosensors: enzyme-, DNA-, imuno-, whole-cell-based biosensors were systematised depending on the reaction type, transduction signal, or analytical performances. The mechanism of enzyme-based biosensor and the kinetic of detection process are described and compared. In this context, is explainable why bioelectronics, nanotechnology, miniaturization, and bioengineering will compete for developing sensitive and selective biosensors able to determine multiple analytes simultaneously and/or integrated in wireless communications systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella L. Turdean
- Physical Chemistry Department, Babes-Bolyai, University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Bagal-Kestwal D, Karve MS, Kakade B, Pillai VK. Invertase inhibition based electrochemical sensor for the detection of heavy metal ions in aqueous system: Application of ultra-microelectrode to enhance sucrose biosensor's sensitivity. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:657-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Prakash O, Talat M, Hasan SH, Pandey RK. Enzymatic detection of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution from vegetable wastes by immobilizing pumpkin (Cucumis melo) urease in calcium alginate beads. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-007-0179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Suprun EV, Budnikov HC, Evtugyn GA, Brainina KZ. Bi-enzyme sensor based on thick-film carbon electrode modified with electropolymerized tyramine. Bioelectrochemistry 2004; 63:281-4. [PMID: 15110288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2003.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2003] [Revised: 10/10/2003] [Accepted: 10/17/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bi-enzyme sensor based on thick-film epoxy-carbon electrode modified with polytyramine has been developed and examined for the determination of peroxidase substrates and cholinesterase inhibitors. Polytyramine was obtained on the electrode surface by repeated scanning of the potential from +600 to +1800 mV vs. Ag/AgCl in tyramine solution. The enzymes were immobilized in the polytyramine matrix by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The biosensor developed provides a reliable and inexpensive way for preliminary testing of common environmental pollutants with a single sensor in accordance with assumed toxic effect by the choice of appropriate substrate and measurement conditions. The bi-enzyme sensor makes it possible to determine substituted phenols and aromatic amines in the micromolar range of their concentrations and anticholinesterase pesticides with detection limits of 0.1 (Coumaphos) and 0.03 micromol l(-1) (Chloropyrifos-methyl).
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Suprun
- Chemistry Faculty of Kazan State University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
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Novel determination of cadmium ions using an enzyme self-assembled monolayer with surface plasmon resonance. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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