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Psychouli P, Louta I, Christodoulou C. Development of the Refugees and Asylum Seekers Occupational Satisfaction (RASOS) Assessment Tool. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6826. [PMID: 37835096 PMCID: PMC10572712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop an occupation-centered and client-centered assessment tool for refugees and asylum seekers. A preliminary tool outline was produced based on a literature review, while considering previous published tools' strengths and limitations. A qualitative study was undertaken via focus groups to improve on the tool's design and adequacy for its purpose, resulting in the creation of a pilot version of the tool. Convenience sampling included 8 Greek and Cypriot professional and student occupational therapists with experience in the field, 8 international expert occupational therapists, 4 laypeople, 4 humanitarian professionals, and 5 refugees and asylum seekers. Basic qualitative content and thematic analysis led to topics regarding tool modifications that concerned categorization, formation/structure, wording, administration, and assessment scale. Corresponding tool revisions ensued. This study led to the development of the pilot version of the Refugees and Asylum Seekers Occupational Satisfaction (RASOS), which can also be used to identify underlying personal and environmental factors that contribute to self-perceived low satisfaction. A future quantitative study is required to establish the psychometric properties of the tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Psychouli
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus; (I.L.); (C.C.)
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Kaplan KB, Tenam-Zemach M, Reeves J. Improving cultural humility in physical therapy students: What is faculty's role? Physiother Theory Pract 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37647271 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2023.2252053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinician bias contributes to health disparities; therefore, educational standards and professional expectations incorporate cultural humility. Vague standards and numerous pedagogical methods make implementing an effective and uniform curriculum challenging. Classroom and clinical faculty's attitudes and behaviors are pivotal; however, evidence on roles beyond instruction is lacking. PURPOSE This study explored physical therapy (PT) students' perceptions of faculty's role in improving their cultural humility. METHODS This study was rooted in a phenomenological approach that incorporated elements of both descriptive and interpretive phenomenology. Thirteen first-year PT students participated in one-on-one interviews which underwent reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Reflexive thematic analysis generated two hundred-ninety codes, six categories, and one overarching theme. Dissonance emerged between students' perceptions of faculty's role and the explicit and implicit curriculum. CONCLUSION Explicit messaging from classroom instruction and implicit messaging from clinical encounters and unspoken attitudes, values, and behaviors were disparate. Faculty role modeling, diversity, cultural awareness, and perceived comfort interacting with a diverse patient population improved students' self-confidence and cultural humility. Professional development including field experience with a cognitive apprenticeship approach, and standardized, discipline-specific cultural humility competencies may provide uniform and clear guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelby B Kaplan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michelle Tenam-Zemach
- Fischler College of Education, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer Reeves
- Fischler College of Education, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
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Smits-Engelsman B, Verbecque E, Denysschen M, Coetzee D. Exploring Cultural Bias in Two Different Motor Competence Test Batteries When Used in African Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116788. [PMID: 35682371 PMCID: PMC9180268 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both the Movement Assessment Battery for Children second edition (M-ABC-2) and Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency second edition short form (BOT-2-SF) are frequently used in research and in the clinical practice to evaluate motor competence in children. Despite its widespread use in research, no studies have reported the results of case identification in African children. Comparing these two motor assessment tools for a different target group is important in order to select the most appropriate clinical and research tool. Methods. A total of 444 children performed MABC-2, 165 children also performed the BOT-2-SF and subsamples were tested on specific subtests of the BOT-2 (Running and Agility, Balance, and Strength). Tests were administered to randomly selected children between 6 and 10 years of age. Results: 36% for the children scored at or below the 16th percentile of the MABC-2, while this was 43%, 27%, and 23% for the component score in Manual Dexterity, Aiming and Catching, and Balance, respectively. Of the children 16% scored at or below the 17th percentile of the BOT-2-SF total score, while this was 3%, 9% and 22% for the subtest scores Running and agility, Balance, and Strength, respectively. A moderate correlation (r = 0.44) was found between total scores of the two tests. No significant correlations were found between the dynamic MABC-2 item (Jumping/Hopping) standard scores and any of the 9 balance items of the BOT-2. Conclusion: Far more children scored in the clinical “at risk” range (<16th percentile) when tested with the MABC-2 than with the BOT-2-SF. Overall, these children seemed not to be limited in motor performance measured by the BOT-2-SF, Running and Agility, and Balance. South African children did show lower levels of strength and explosive power. Children from different cultures will need tests for the specific motor skills that are representative for optimal functioning in their own setting. Thus, adapting reference norms and cut-off values may not be the optimal solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouwien Smits-Engelsman
- Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (M.D.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Evi Verbecque
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
| | - Marisja Denysschen
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (M.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Dané Coetzee
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (M.D.); (D.C.)
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Pavithra A. Towards developing a comprehensive conceptual understanding of positive hospital culture and approaches to healthcare organisational culture change in Australia. J Health Organ Manag 2021; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 33837683 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-10-2020-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The key aim of this narrative literature review, therefore, is to identify the key conceptual categories that inform the construction of positive person-centred culture within hospitals, and how these frameworks are brought to bear upon organisational culture within healthcare systems in Australia. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This narrative review presents a thematic synthesis of literature identified through a systematic search protocol undertaken across 19 academic databases and Google Scholar as an additional search tool. Thematic qualitative analysis was performed on the research results to determine the common themes within the diverse literature presented within this study. FINDINGS Culture change interventions in hospitals attempt to address the problem of widespread unprofessional behaviour within healthcare systems. However, diverse definitions and seemingly fragmented approaches to understanding and enacting organisational culture change present a significant hurdle in achieving cohesive and sustainable healthcare reform. This narrative literature review offers a comprehensive conceptual view of the key approaches that inform positive person-centred culture within hospital settings. In total, three primary dimensions, belonging, behaving and being, aligned against organisational goals, individual behaviours and worker as well as organisational identity were identified. Other individual and group interactional dynamics that give rise to negative organisational culture are further analysed to understand the fault lines along which existing culture change interventions are typically operationalised. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS This review is not exhaustive and is limited in its methodological scope. The central values and themes identified within the literature are integral to designing humanised healthcare systems. However, owing to the qualitative nature and contextual variability of these factors, these themes do not lend themselves to replicable quantification. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS This analysis contributes to foundational research efforts towards transforming healthcare practice to be more aligned with humanised and equitable values within increasingly complex healthcare organisational settings. Designing culture change interventions that align more suitably with the values-driven categories identified in this literature review may increase the effectiveness and sustainability of these interventions and reform efforts at organisational and systemic levels. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This article presents a comprehensive framework to approach healthcare organisational reform through shared and equitable models of operation, management and governance rather than continuing to promote narrowly defined outcomes derived from commodified models of healthcare practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette Pavithra
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Sydney, Australia
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Educator’s Guide for Addressing Cultural Awareness, Humility, and Dexterity in Occupational Therapy Curricula. Am J Occup Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2020.74s3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Occupational therapists are ethically bound to provide quality care to assist all people across the life course to engage in meaningful occupations. This sense of purpose, however, is challenged by institutional, systemic, and attitudinal barriers to equitable care for racial and ethnic minorities and other marginalized identities. Future practitioners must learn how to provide culturally appropriate care characterized by awareness, humility, and dexterity in client interactions. This guide offers information, strategies, and resources for enhancing learner knowledge, skills, and attitudes through intentional and effective curriculum design practices. It is intended to assist educators with integrating cultural awareness, humility, and dexterity into intended learning outcomes; course topics; formal, informal, and hidden curricula; teaching approaches; and instructional strategies.
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Holstein J, Liedberg GM, Suarez-Balcazar Y, Kjellberg A. Clinical Relevance and Psychometric Properties of the Swedish Version of the Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument. Occup Ther Int 2020; 2020:2453239. [PMID: 32395094 PMCID: PMC7191362 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2453239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the increasing diversity of Swedish society, health professionals, like occupational therapists, find it challenging to provide culturally competent services to international clients. Consequently, cultural competence among professionals needs to be measured and improved using psychometrically tested instruments. This study examines the clinical relevance, construct validity, and reliability of the Swedish version of the Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument among Swedish occupational therapists. Material and Methods. A randomised sample of 312 Swedish occupational therapists answered a survey based on the Swedish version of the Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument with supplementary questions on the clinical relevance of the instrument. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the clinical relevance of the Swedish version of the Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument. Factor analyses, both exploratory and confirmatory, were run to examine the factor structure. Cronbach's alpha was performed to assess the internal consistency of the instrument. Results. The participants reported that the 24 items had high clinical relevance. The validation yielded a three-factor model: openness and awareness, workplace support, and interaction skills. All three of these factors showed high loadings. Conclusions. The study results indicated positive clinical relevance and psychometric properties for the Swedish version of the Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument and strong support to be utilised in Sweden. The implications of this study are important given the rapid growth in migration over the last few decades. A self-rating instrument measuring cultural competence could support occupational therapists' professional knowledge and development when they interact with international clients. As the tool was originally developed in English in the United States, the feedback from the Swedish version could potentially be useful for the instrument in modified form and for use by occupational therapists in English-speaking countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Holstein
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gunilla M. Liedberg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Anette Kjellberg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Marom BS, Sharabi M, Carel RS, Ratzon NZ. Returning to work after a hand injury: Does ethnicity matter? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229982. [PMID: 32155201 PMCID: PMC7064188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hand injuries (HI) are common and may limit participation in work. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of ethnicity and other prognostic variables on return-to-work (RTW) among male manual workers after acute HI. Methods A cohort of 178 subjects (90 Arabs, 88 Jews) aged 22 to 65 was studied. Trained bilingual occupational therapists evaluated and interviewed the subjects, using structured validated questionnaires for evaluating personal and environmental factors, body function and structure, and activity limitation and participation restrictions. Employment status 3 months post injury was assessed by a telephone interview. To establish a predictive model for RTW, ethnicity and certain variables of the four domains mentioned above were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results A significant difference in the rate of RTW between Jews and Arabs was found (45.5% for Jews, 28.9% for Arabs, p = 0.03) three months post HI. In the univariate regression analysis, ethnicity was associated with RTW (OR = 2.05; CI: 1.10–3.81) for Jews vs. Arabs. Using a multivariate analysis, only legal counseling, educational attainment, and the severity of disability were significantly associated with RTW. Conclusion RTW three months post HI among manual workers is directly related to variables such as education and legal counseling and only indirectly related to ethnicity. Patients with a lower level of education and those who were engaged in legal counseling need special attention and close guidance in the process of RTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batia S. Marom
- Occupational Therapy Unit, Clalit Health Services, Tiberias, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Moshe Sharabi
- Sociology and Anthropology Department, Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley, Israel
| | - Rafael S. Carel
- School of Public Health, The University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Navah Z. Ratzon
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
This opinion piece presents an argument for the importance of being culturally aware in occupational therapy. A comparison of Chinese culture with occupational therapy philosophy leads it to propose that occupational therapy, in the United Kingdom, has been influenced by the Western health care system, within which it evolved. Key concepts in the philosophy of the profession, through to terms used in everyday practice, may not be culturally generalisable. Occupational therapists need to be aware of this when working with people from different cultures.
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Aldrich RM, Johansson KE. U.S. and Swedish Student Learning Through Online Synchronous International Interactions. Am J Occup Ther 2015; 69 Suppl 2:6912350010p1-5. [PMID: 26539682 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2015.018424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a continued need to communicate global perspectives in occupational therapy education, but the literature addressing how to incorporate firsthand global experiences into campus learning environments is scant. This article describes how course-based synchronous interactions between U.S. undergraduate occupational science students and Swedish undergraduate occupational therapy students occur via online technology. In a 2014 pilot study, we thematically analyzed students' open-ended survey responses to discern what students learned through the interactive sessions. We also performed a content analysis of four audio-recorded interactive sessions to understand the content and nature of students' learning. Our findings suggest that course-based online synchronous interactions provide a positive way for students to learn about other cultures and global differences in occupational therapy practice. The findings also highlight needs for improvement relative to the structure and aims of the interactive sessions. We relate these findings to the global availability of technology and occupational therapists' cultural competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Aldrich
- Rebecca M. Aldrich, PhD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO;
| | - Karin E Johansson
- Karin E. Johansson, PhD, is Lecturer, Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Martinez J, Leland N. Language Discordance and Patient- Centered Care in Occupational Therapy: A Case Study. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2015; 35:120-8. [PMID: 26460475 PMCID: PMC5365343 DOI: 10.1177/1539449215575265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The accumulative burden of a growing non-English speaking minority population and health disparities in the United States demonstrate the urgency of examining occupational therapy practices and defining care that is timely, effective, safe, and patient-centered. In this context, we investigate an occupational therapy episode of care from the perspectives of patient, caregiver, and primary occupational therapy care provider. Treatment sessions were observed and one-on-one semistructured interviews were conducted with the participants. Several themes describing areas of concern in communication and care delivery emerged, including expectations for care, the therapy relationship, professional identity, and pragmatic constraints. The use of untrained interpreters compromised treatment effectiveness and safety. This case highlights potential areas of concern in therapy when working with a diverse patient population. Abundant opportunities exist for occupational therapy to situate itself as an equitable, responsive, valuable, and essential service.
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Gantschnig BE, Fisher AG, Page J, Meichtry A, Nilsson I. Differences in activities of daily living (ADL) abilities of children across world regions: a validity study of the assessment of motor and process skills. Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:230-8. [PMID: 25039374 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One important goal of paediatric occupational therapy services is to improve activities of daily living (ADL) abilities of children. In order to plan and evaluate the effectiveness of targeted interventions, valid assessments are critically needed. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) is an internationally standardized assessment of ADL performance that has not been validated for use with children in Middle Europe. AIM To evaluate for (i) significant differences in mean ADL motor and mean ADL process ability measures among children from Middle Europe compared with children from North America, UK/Republic of Ireland, Nordic countries, Western Europe, Australia/New Zealand and Asia; and (ii) meaningful differences between the international age-normative means of the AMPS and those for children from Middle Europe. METHOD We analysed data of children across world regions extracted from the international AMPS database using many-facet Rasch and two-way anova analyses and by estimating contrasts to evaluate for significant group differences. RESULTS anova analyses of data for 11 189 children ages 2-15 revealed significant effects for mean ADL motor and ADL process ability by region [F ≥ 15.32, d.f. = (6, 11 091), MSE ≥ 0.20, P < 0.001, ή(2) ≥ 0.008], and age [F ≥ 253.47, d.f. = (13, 11 091), MSE ≥ 0.20, P < 0.001, ή(2) ≥ 0.229], and a significant interaction effect for mean ADL process ability [F = 1.48, d.f. = (78, 11 091), P = 0.004, ή(2) = 0.010]. Out of 168 estimated contrasts between Middle Europe and the other world regions for mean ADL motor and ADL process ability, seven were statistically significant (4.17%), but none exceeded ±1SE from the international means. CONCLUSION The AMPS remains free of relevant differences in mean ADL ability measures between Middle Europe and other world regions, indicating that the international age-normative mean values are likely to be applicable to children from Middle Europe. The AMPS can be used internationally to evaluate ADL performance in children and to determine if the child is eligible for occupational therapy services.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Gantschnig
- Institute of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
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Beagan BL. Approaches to culture and diversity: A critical synthesis of occupational therapy literature. The Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 2015; 82:272-82. [PMID: 26590226 DOI: 10.1177/0008417414567530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2007 position statement on diversity for the Canadian occupational therapy profession argued discussion was needed to determine the implications of approaches to working with cultural differences and other forms of diversity. In 2014, a new position statement on diversity was published, emphasizing the importance of social power relations and power relations between client and therapist, and supporting two particular approaches: cultural safety and cultural humility with critical reflexivity PURPOSE This paper reviews and critically synthesizes the literature concerning culture and diversity published in occupational therapy between 2007 and 2014, tracing the major discourses and mapping the implications of four differing approaches: cultural competence, cultural relevance, cultural safety, and cultural humility. KEY ISSUES Approaches differ in where they situate the "problem," how they envision change, the end goal, and the application to a range of types of diversity. IMPLICATIONS The latter two are preferred approaches for their attention to power relations and potential to encompass a range of types of social and cultural diversity.
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Kinébanian A, Stomph M. Diversity matters: guiding principles on diversity and culture. WORLD FEDERATION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS BULLETIN 2014. [DOI: 10.1179/otb.2010.61.1.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Castro D, Dahlin-Ivanoff S, Mårtensson L. Occupational therapy and culture: a literature review. Scand J Occup Ther 2014; 21:401-14. [DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2014.898086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Engel-Yeger B. Comparing participation patterns in out-of-school activities between Israeli Jewish and Muslim children. Scand J Occup Ther 2013; 20:323-35. [PMID: 23590756 DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2013.793738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To compare participation patterns in out-of-school activities of Israeli Jewish and Muslim children in order to better understand the effect of culture on participation. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants were 111 Jewish children and 134 Muslim children with typical development, aged between six and 11 years, who completed the CAPE. Muslim children showed significantly higher total participation diversity, and specifically in informal and recreational activities. Muslim children also showed higher participation intensity and higher enjoyment. They performed more activities with someone else and fewer activities in the community. In both cultures, sociodemographic factors including age, gender, parents' education, and familial socioeconomic level were related to the child's participation. CONCLUSIONS Children's participation in out-of-school activities may be related to culture, gender, and other sociodemographic factors. Clinicians should integrate cultural values into therapeutic interventions and consider environmental opportunities or barriers when interpreting participation patterns in order to meet the person's needs and optimize intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batya Engel-Yeger
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel.
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“My heart is very painful”: Physical, mental and social wellbeing of older women at the times of HIV/AIDS in rural South Africa. J Aging Stud 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Occupational therapy students’ perspectives regarding international cross-cultural experiences. Aust Occup Ther J 2011; 59:225-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2011.00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstracts. Br J Occup Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/03080226110747s101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Humbert TK, Burket A, Deveney R, Kennedy K. Occupational therapy practitioners’ perspectives regarding international cross-cultural work. Aust Occup Ther J 2011; 58:300-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2010.00915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pereira RB, Stagnitti K. The meaning of leisure for well-elderly Italians in an Australian community: implications for occupational therapy. Aust Occup Ther J 2011; 55:39-46. [PMID: 20887432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2006.00653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This paper documents a study that aimed to discover the meaning of leisure experiences for an ageing Italian community in a large regional centre in Victoria, Australia. METHODS This qualitative investigation used a phenomenological study design, and data were collected through semistructured interviews with 10 well-elderly Australian Italians. RESULTS Participants engaged in numerous leisure occupations that were meaningful to them and directly impacted on positive subjective experiences and health outcomes. CONCLUSION This paper adds to an understanding of how leisure impacts on the health of well-elderly Australians and how occupational therapists can use leisure effectively in interventions for successful ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Pereira
- Occupational Therapy Department, Geelong Hospital, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Steed R. Attitudes and beliefs of occupational therapists participating in a cultural competency workshop. Occup Ther Int 2010; 17:142-51. [PMID: 20641132 DOI: 10.1002/oti.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of the subjective experience of 13 white, female occupational therapists in Louisiana as they participated in a 6-hour workshop on cultural competency. The study employed a mixed method design using qualitative data, obtained from structured reflection questions, and quantitative data, obtained from two objective outcome measures. Three themes emerged from the qualitative data regarding the participants' conflicting attitudes towards African American clients. Therapists believed that: (1) healthcare disparities are not due to racial discrimination; (2) therapists should listen to and educate African American clients; and (3) racial bias and stress contribute to health issues in African American clients. Results from the two outcome measures, the Racial Argument Scale and the Racial Attitude Implicit Association Test, indicate that overall, the study participants held significantly negative attitudes towards African Americans which was not ameliorated by the intervention. The small convenience sample in this study precludes generalization to a broader population, and further investigation into the attitudes of healthcare professionals in Louisiana is needed. Future instructional interventions should take into account the participants' developmental stage of cultural competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Steed
- Masters of Occupational Therapy Program, School of Allied Health Professions, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Heigl F, Kinébanian A, Josephsson S. I think of my family, therefore I am: Perceptions of daily occupations of some Albanians in Switzerland. Scand J Occup Ther 2010; 18:36-48. [DOI: 10.3109/11038120903552648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Scheidegger G, Lovelock L, Kinébanian A. The daily lives and occupations of Tibetan families who have a child with disabilities. Scand J Occup Ther 2010; 17:286-98. [DOI: 10.3109/11038120903287174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Johnston D, Angelucci T, Howey M, Waldron I, Townsend E, Lawlor S. Social influences on primary health care occupational therapy. WORLD FEDERATION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS BULLETIN 2009. [DOI: 10.1179/otb.2009.60.1.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Beagan BL, Etowa J. The Impact of Everyday Racism on the Occupations of African Canadian Women. The Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 2009; 76:285-93. [DOI: 10.1177/000841740907600407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background. Occupational therapy has increasingly explored the impact of cultural differences on occupations but has not yet begun to explore the impact of racism on human occupation. Purpose. This study with 50 African Canadian women used mixed methods to explore the effects of racism on their occupational experiences. Methods. Women aged 40–65 were interviewed in-depth about everyday experiences with racism and overall well-being. Three standardized instruments assessed frequency and stressfulness of race-related experiences. Findings. Everyday racism had subtle, almost intangible, impacts, shaping women's engagement with and the meaning of leisure, productive, and caring occupations. Implications. As occupational therapy increasingly attends to issues of cultural difference, it is critical to also attend to racism. This means learning to ask thoughtful questions about how racism may shape clients' occupations. Attention to this aspect of the social environment will enhance practice with African-heritage clients and clients from other racial minority groups.
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Balcazar FE, Suarez-Balcazar Y, Taylor-Ritzler T. Cultural competence: Development of a conceptual framework. Disabil Rehabil 2009; 31:1153-60. [DOI: 10.1080/09638280902773752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Internationalisation in higher education involves the incorporation of international themes into teaching and learning and is an important tool that occupational therapy education programmes can use to prepare students to work in culturally diverse environments. Research indicates that internationalised education programmes aid students in developing a better understanding of their own values and beliefs, an understanding of and respect for other cultures, a wider view of their profession, and verbal and nonverbal communication skills. Recent developments in occupational therapy, such as the understanding of how international issues affect daily occupations, the changing demographics of the client base and the widening scope of practice, have increased the need for education programmes to embrace internationalisation.
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Murden R, Norman A, Ross J, Sturdivant E, Kedia M, Shah S. Occupational therapy students' perceptions of their cultural awareness and competency. Occup Ther Int 2008; 15:191-203. [DOI: 10.1002/oti.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hocking C, Pierce D, Shordike A, Wright-St. Clair V, Bunrayong W, Vittayakorn S, Rattakorn P. The Promise of Internationally Collaborative Research for Studying Occupation: The Example of the Older Women's Food Preparation Study. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2008. [DOI: 10.3928/15394492-20080901-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Growing awareness of the Western perspectives underpinning occupational science and occupational therapy's values, theories, and evaluation tools has given rise to questions about culturally relevant knowledge and practice with non-Western populations. To make sense of attempts to develop cross-cultural knowledge taking place within the profession and discipline, the authors review epistemological perspectives and methodological advances in anthropology and psychology. Thus informed, they both summarize and critique constructivist and positivist approaches to knowledge development and practice that cross or resist the crossing of cultures. The authors outline a multicultural collaborative research method that supports extending and refining the profession's knowledge in a way that both honors local perspectives and reveals concepts that cross cultures. Insights from a study that explored the meaning of food preparation to older Thai, American, and New Zealand women provide illustrative examples.
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A Literature Review of Preferences for End-of-Life Care in Developed Countries by Individuals With Different Cultural Affiliations and Ethnicity. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/01.njh.0000306740.10636.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Few standardized assessments exist for children living in the United States who are Hispanic/Latino. This study reports the Spanish translation process for the Preschool Activity Card Sort (PACS), which is a measure of participation in preschool children, and examines content, construct, and concurrent validity. Methods of verifying accuracy of translation included expert review and back translation and supported content validity of the Tarjetas de Actividades Preescolares (TAP). Subsequently, a sample of 37 parents of children between 3 and 6 years of age completed the PACS/TAP by structured interview. Twenty-six parents were Spanish speaking, and 11 were English speaking. A comparison of reported participation by Spanish- and English-speaking children provides initial construct validity of the TAP. Results indicate that the TAP differentiates among children of recent immigrants as compared to preschoolers who were born in the United States on domains of self-care, high and low demand leisure, and educational activities. Results emphasize the importance of considering sociocultural influences when assessing participation. PACS/TAP scores were moderately correlated with Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory scores for the self-care domain, but did not correlate with the mobility or social function domains. The PACS/TAP appears to provide a useful means of understanding preschoolers' participation. Future research is needed to further establish the validity of this assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Stoffel
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
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Rudman DL, Dennhardt S. Shaping knowledge regarding occupation: Examining the cultural underpinnings of the evolving concept of occupational identity. Aust Occup Ther J 2008; 55:153-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2007.00715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nelson A. Seeing white: a critical exploration of occupational therapy with Indigenous Australian people. Occup Ther Int 2008; 14:237-55. [PMID: 17973335 DOI: 10.1002/oti.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to critique current occupational therapy practice and theory using Indigenous Australian people as a case example. Critical race theory will be used to help question the privileged position of an occupational therapist from a dominant Westernized culture. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 (eight female and seven male) Indigenous Australian young people about their perspectives of health and physical activity. In addition, the Kawa model was used as an alternative data-collection tool and detailed field notes and researcher reflections were used as data sources. Preliminary analysis of data is used to illustrate the ways in which critical race theory can inform occupational therapy practitioners and researchers about the ways Indigenous Australian young people view their health. Methodological dilemmas are also discussed. The paper is based on preliminary findings and further analysis needs to continue. Cross-cultural research is inherently complex but can offer those from the dominant culture valuable insights into their taken-for-granted assumptions. Further use of critical race theory may prove useful as the occupational therapy profession continues to evolve its understanding of cultural safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Nelson
- School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Pereira RB. Are consumer perspectives towards transcultural competence realistic in practice? Aust Occup Ther J 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2007.00721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kirsh B, Trentham B, Cole S. Diversity in occupational therapy: Experiences of consumers who identify themselves as minority group members. Aust Occup Ther J 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2006.00576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Trentham B, Cockburn L, Cameron D, Iwama M. Diversity and inclusion within an occupational therapy curriculum. Aust Occup Ther J 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2006.00605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bejerholm U, Eklund M. Construct validity of a newly developed instrument: profile of occupational engagement in people with schizophrenia, POES. Nord J Psychiatry 2006; 60:200-6. [PMID: 16720510 DOI: 10.1080/08039480600636239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It is highly relevant to estimate to what extent a person with schizophrenia engages in occupations and participates in different life situations in order to understand the determinants of well-being in this group of people. This study aimed at examining the construct validity of the instrument Profile of Occupational Engagement in persons with Schizophrenia, POES. Global Assessment of Functioning, GAF, and a scale measuring Satisfaction with daily occupations and Activity level were chosen as standards against which POES was validated. As hypothesized, moderate associations were found between POES and GAF (0.73), Activity level (0.70), and Satisfaction with daily occupations (0.50). Regarding the separate items of POES, the items that concerned the range of occupations performed had the strongest association with Activity level, and the items that concerned ongoing occupations, i.e. Routines and Extent of performing meaningful occupations, correlated most strongly with Satisfaction with daily occupations. Thus, the strongest associations were found for the expected items. Altogether, POES seems to possess satisfactory construct validity and be a construct in its own right, as indicated by correlations of expected size and direction with the selected instruments and for expected items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Bejerholm
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Occupational Therapy, Lund University, PO Box 157, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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Bejerholm U, Eklund M. Engagement in occupations among men and women with schizophrenia. Occup Ther Int 2006; 13:100-21. [PMID: 16862959 DOI: 10.1002/oti.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes engagement in daily occupations of 10 women and 10 men with schizophrenia. A 24-hour diary of time use and interview were used and analysed by content analysis. Three levels of occupational engagement were identified; (1) mainly disengaged throughout the day, (2) disengaged during some part of the day, and (3) largely engaged in occupations during the day. Each level of occupational engagement was related to a daily rhythm and a sense of meaning. The results of the content analysis showed that levels of engagement ranged from performing mostly quiet activities, alone, with little sense of meaning, to engaging in meaningful occupations that involved social interactions. In general female participants preferred activities in their home environment while males preferred activities outside their home environment. Although this study was limited by geographic and cultural boundaries, as well by the sample size, the results showed that being diagnosed as having schizophrenia does not necessarily mean having an impoverished lifestyle. Thus, it is important for occupational therapists to identify these variations in engagement in order to have a realistic point of departure in the evaluation process and in forming a therapeutic alliance with the client. In future research, methods need to be developed that can gather extensive information on how occupational engagement is related to health and well-being in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Bejerholm
- Lund University, Department of Health Sciences, Division of Occupational Therapy, Lund, Sweden.
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Bourke-Taylor H, Hudson D. Cultural differences: The experience of establishing an occupational therapy service in a developing community. Aust Occup Ther J 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2005.00493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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