1
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Ireland J, Kilian KA. The importance of matrix in cardiomyogenesis: Defined substrates for maturation and chamber specificity. Matrix Biol Plus 2024; 24:100160. [PMID: 39291079 PMCID: PMC11403269 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2024.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CM) are a promising source of cardiac cells for disease modelling and regenerative medicine. However, current protocols invariably lead to mixed population of cardiac cell types and often generate cells that resemble embryonic phenotypes. Here we developed a combinatorial approach to assess the importance of extracellular matrix proteins (ECMP) in directing the differentiation of cardiomyocytes from human embryonic stem cells (hESC). We did this by focusing on combinations of ECMP commonly found in the developing heart with a broad goal of identifying combinations that promote maturation and influence chamber specific differentiation. We formulated 63 unique ECMP combinations fabricated from collagen 1, collagen 3, collagen 4, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin, presented alone and in combinations, leading to the identification of specific ECMP combinations that promote hESC proliferation, pluripotency, and germ layer specification. When hESC were subjected to a differentiation protocol on the ECMP combinations, it revealed precise protein combinations that enhance differentiation as determined by the expression of cardiac progenitor markers kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) and mesoderm posterior transcription factor 1 (MESP1). High expression of cardiac troponin (cTnT) and the relative expression of myosin light chain isoforms (MLC2a and MLC2v) led to the identification of three surfaces that promote a mature cardiomyocyte phenotype. Action potential morphology was used to assess chamber specificity, which led to the identification of matrices that promote chamber-specific cardiomyocytes. This study provides a matrix-based approach to improve control over cardiomyocyte phenotypes during differentiation, with the scope for translation to cardiac laboratory models and for the generation of functional chamber specific cardiomyocytes for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Ireland
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Aglan HA, Ahmed HH, Beherei HH, Abdel-Hady BM, Ekram B, Kishta MS. Generation of cardiomyocytes from stem cells cultured on nanofibrous scaffold: Experimental approach for attenuation of myocardial infarction. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102461. [PMID: 38991272 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The current study was constructed to fabricate polyamide based nanofibrous scaffolds (NS) and to define the most promising one for the generation of cardiomyocytes from adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). This purpose was extended to assess the potentiality of the generated cardiomyocytes in relieving myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Production and characterization of NSs were carried out. ADMSCs were cultured on NS and induced to differentiate into cardiomyocytes by specific growth factors. Molecular analysis for myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 C (MEF2C) and alpha sarcomeric actin (α-SCA) expression was done to confirm the differentiation of ADMSCs into cardiomyocytes for further transplantation into MI induced rats. Implantation of cells in MI afflicted rats boosted heart rate, ST height and PR interval and lessened P duration, RR, QTc and QRS intervals. Also, this type of medication minified serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) enzymes activity as well as serum and cardiac troponin T (Tn-T) levels and upraised serum and cardiac α-SCA and cardiac connexin 43 (CX 43) levels. Microscopic feature of cardiac tissue sections of rats in the treated groups revealed great renovation in the cardiac microarchitecture. Conclusively, this attempt gains insight into a realistic strategy for recovery of MI through systemic employment of in vitro generated cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer A Aglan
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bothaina M Abdel-Hady
- Polymers and Pigments Department, Chemical Industries Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Basma Ekram
- Polymers and Pigments Department, Chemical Industries Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Kishta
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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3
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Lee MK, Seyedmousavi S, Auvity S, Pourroy B, Elleboode V, Kachaner I, Jansen C, Lilliu H. Forecasting the potential impact of cell and gene therapies in France: projecting product launches and patients treated. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1324602. [PMID: 38439899 PMCID: PMC10910012 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1324602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the potential impact of cell and gene therapies (CGTs) in France by forecasting the number of patients that will be treated with CGTs over the period 2023-2030 by therapeutic area and region. Methods A review of CGTs in clinical development and related disease epidemiology was conducted to forecast the number of CGT launches and patient population between 2023 and 2030. The number of expected launches was identified by filtering the clinical development pipeline with estimated time to launch and probability of success values from Project ALPHA. Disease prevalence and incidence in France were combined with projected adoption rates derived from historical data to forecast the patient population to be treated. Results Up to 44 new CGTs are forecasted to launch in France in the period 2023-2030, which translates into more than 69,400 newly treated patients in 2030. Leading indications in terms of newly treated patients per year include cardiovascular disease, hematological cancers and solid tumors with 27,300, 15,200 and 13,000 newly treated patients in 2030, respectively. Discussion The forecast suggests that the future landscape of CGTs will undergo a shift, moving from CGTs targeting (ultra) rare diseases to more prevalent diseases. In France, this will likely pose organizational challenges hindering patient access to these transformative therapies. Further research and planning around network organization and patient distribution are needed to assess and improve the readiness of the French healthcare system for ensuring access for this growing number of patients to be treated with CGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvain Auvity
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France
- Service de Pharmacie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Pourroy
- Oncopharma Unit, Pharmacy Department, University Teaching Hospital la Timone, Marseille, France
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4
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Jiang L, Gao T, Liu M, Li F. Chitosan-sodium alginate-polyethylene glycol-Ally isothiocyante nanocomposites ameliorates isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23531. [PMID: 37724821 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common type of ischemic heart disease that affects millions of people worldwide. In recent times, nanotechnology has become a very promising field with immense applications. The current exploration was conducted to synthesize the chitosan-sodium alginate-polyethylene glycol-Ally isothiocyanate nanocomposites (CSP-AIso-NCs) and evaluate their beneficial roles against the isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI in rats. The CSP-AIso-NCs were prepared and characterized by several characterization techniques. The MI was initiated in the rats by the administration of 85 mg/kg of ISO for 2 days and treated with 10 and 20 mg/kg of CSP-AIso-NCs for 1 month. The changes in heart weight and bodyweight were measured. The cardiac function markers were assessed with echocardiography. The lipid profiles, Na+, K+, and Ca2+ ions, cardiac biomarkers, antioxidant parameters, and inflammatory cytokines were assessed using corresponding assay kits. The histopathological study was done on the heart tissues. The UV spectral analysis revealed the maximum peak at 208 nm, which confirms the formation of CSP-AIso-NCs. The FT-IR analysis revealed the occurrence of different functional groups, and the crystallinity of the CSP-AIso-NCs was proved by the XRD analysis. DLS analysis indicated the size of the CSP-AIso-NCs at 146.50 nm. The CSP-AIso-NCs treatment increased the bodyweight and decreased the HW/BW ratio in the MI rats. The status of lipids was reduced, and HDL was elevated in the CSP-AIso-NCs administered to MI rats. CSP-AIso-NCs decreased the LVEDs, LVEDd, and NT-proBNP and increased the LVEF level. The oxidative stress markers were decreased, and the antioxidants were increased by the CSP-AIso-NCs treatment in the MI rats. The Na+ and Ca+ ions were reduced, and the K+ ions were increased by the CSP-AIso-NCs. The interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were also depleted, and Nrf-2 was improved in the CSP-AIso-NCs administered to MI rats. The histological study revealed the ameliorative effects of CSP-AIso-NCs. Overall, our outcomes revealed that the CSP-AIso-NCs are effective against the ISO-induced MI rats. Hence, it could be a hopeful therapeutic nanomedicine for MI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tingchao Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangxu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Administration of stem cells against cardiovascular diseases with a focus on molecular mechanisms: Current knowledge and prospects. Tissue Cell 2023; 81:102030. [PMID: 36709696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a serious global concern for public and human health. Despite the emergence of significant therapeutic advances, it is still the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. As a result, extensive efforts are underway to develop practical therapeutic approaches. Stem cell-based therapies could be considered a promising strategy for the treatment of CVDs. The efficacy of stem cell-based therapeutic approaches is demonstrated through recent laboratory and clinical studies due to their inherent regenerative properties, proliferative nature, and their capacity to differentiate into different cells such as cardiomyocytes. These properties could improve cardiovascular functioning leading to heart regeneration. The two most common types of stem cells with the potential to cure heart diseases are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Several studies have demonstrated the use, efficacy, and safety of MSC and iPSCs-based therapies for the treatment of CVDs. In this study, we explain the application of stem cells, especially iPSCs and MSCs, in the treatment of CVDs with a focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms and then discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and perspectives of using this technology in the treatment of these diseases.
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Banovic M, Poglajen G, Vrtovec B, Ristic A. Contemporary Challenges of Regenerative Therapy in Patients with Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Heart Failure. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9120429. [PMID: 36547426 PMCID: PMC9783726 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9120429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It has now been almost 20 years since first clinical trials of stem cell therapy for heart repair were initiated. While initial preclinical data were promising and suggested that stem cells may be able to directly restore a diseased myocardium, this was never unequivocally confirmed in the clinical setting. Clinical trials of cell therapy did show the process to be feasible and safe. However, the clinical benefits of this treatment modality in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure have not been consistently confirmed. What is more, in the rapidly developing field of stem cell therapy in patients with heart failure, relevant questions regarding clinical trials' protocol streamlining, optimal patient selection, stem cell type and dose, and the mode of cell delivery remain largely unanswered. Recently, novel approaches to myocardial regeneration, including the use of pluripotent and allogeneic stem cells and cell-free therapeutic approaches, have been proposed. Thus, in this review, we aim to outline current knowledge and highlight contemporary challenges and dilemmas in clinical aspects of stem cell and regenerative therapy in patients with chronic ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Banovic
- Cardiology Department, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
- Belgrade Medical School, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Gregor Poglajen
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation Center, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Bojan Vrtovec
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation Center, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Arsen Ristic
- Cardiology Department, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
- Belgrade Medical School, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Daneshi N, Bahmaie N, Esmaeilzadeh A. Cell-Free Treatments: A New Generation of Targeted Therapies for Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease. CELL JOURNAL 2022; 24:353-363. [PMID: 36043403 PMCID: PMC9428475 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.7643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although recent progress in medicine has substantially reduced cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-related mortalities, current therapeutics have failed miserably to be beneficial for all patients with CVDs. A wide array of evidence suggests that newly-introduced cell-free treatments (CFTs) have more reliable results in the improvement of cardiac function. The main regeneration activity of CFTs protocols is based on bypassing cells and using paracrine factors. In this article, we aim to compare various stem cell secretomes, a part of a CFTs strategy, to generalize their effective clinical outcomes for patients with CVDs. Data for this review article were collected from 70 published articles (original, review, randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and case reports/series studies done on human and animals) obtained from Cochrane, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, and Google Scholar) from 2015 to April 2020 using six keywords. Full-text/full-length articles, abstract, section of book, chapter, and conference papers in English language were included. Studies with irrelevant/insufficient/data, or undefined practical methods were excluded. CFTs approaches involved in growth factors (GFs); gene-based therapies; microRNAs (miRNAs); extracellular vesicles (EVs) [exosomes (EXs) and microvesicles (MVs)]; and conditioned media (CM). EXs and CM have shown more remarkable results than stem cell therapy (SCT). GF-based therapies have useful results as well as side effects like pathologic angiogenesis. Cell source, cell's aging and CM affect secretomes. Genetic manipulation of stem cells can change the secretome's components. Growing progression to end stage heart failure (HF), propounds CFTs as an advantageous method with practical and clinical values for replacement of injured myocardium, and induction of neovascularization. To elucidate the secrets behind amplifying the expansion rate of cells, increasing life-expectancy, and improving quality of life (QOL) for patients with ischemic heart diseases (IHDs), collaboration among cell biologist, basic medical scientists, and cardiologists is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Daneshi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nazila Bahmaie
- Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Health Science, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Cyprus
- Private Baskent Hospital, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Cyprus
- Paediatric Ward, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Near East University Affiliated Hospital, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Cypru
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Centre, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Immunotherapy Research and Technology Group, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Pendse S, Vaidya A, Kale V. Clinical applications of pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives: current status and future perspectives. Regen Med 2022; 17:677-690. [PMID: 35703035 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can differentiate into specific cell types and thus hold great promise in regenerative medicine to treat certain diseases. Hence, several studies have been performed harnessing their salutary properties in regenerative medicine. Despite several challenges associated with the clinical applications of PSCs, worldwide efforts are harnessing their potential in the regeneration of damaged tissues. Several clinical trials have been performed using PSCs or their derivatives. However, the delay in publishing the data obtained in the trials has led to a lack of awareness about their outcomes, resulting in apprehension about cellular therapies. Here, the authors review the published papers containing data from recent clinical trials done with PSCs. PSC-derived extracellular vesicles hold great potential in regenerative therapy. Since published papers containing the data obtained in clinical trials on PSC-derived extracellular vesicles are not available yet, the authors have reviewed some of the pre-clinical work done with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalmali Pendse
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India.,Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
| | - Anuradha Vaidya
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India.,Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India.,Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
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Toward in Vitro Production of Platelet from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2376-2387. [PMID: 35397051 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Platelets (PLTs) are small anucleate blood cells that release from polyploidy megakaryocytes(MKs). PLT transfusion is standard therapy to prevent hemorrhage. PLT transfusion is donor-dependent way which have limitations including the inadequate donor blood supply, poor quality, and issues related to infection and immunity. Overcoming these obstacles is possible with in vitro production of human PLTs. Currently several cells have been considered as source to in vitro production of PLTs such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, HSCs are a limited source for PLT production and large-scale expansion of HSC-derived PLT remains difficult. Alternative sources can be ESCs which have unlimited expansion capacity. But ESCs have ethical issues related to destroying human embryos. iPSCs are considered as an ideal unlimited source for PLT production. They are able to differentiate into any cells and have the capacity of self-renewal. Moreover, iPSCs can be acquired from any donor and easily manipulated. Due to new advances in development of MK cell lines, bioreactors, feeder cell-free production and the ability of large scale generation, iPSC-based PLTs are moving toward clinical applicability and considering the minimal risk of alloimmunization and tumorigenesis of these products, there is great hopefulness they will become the standard source for blood transfusions in the future. This review will focus on how to progress of in vitro generation of PLT from stem cell especially iPSCs and some of the successful strategies that can be easily used in clinic will be described.
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Fang Y, Sun W, Zhang T, Xiong Z. Recent advances on bioengineering approaches for fabrication of functional engineered cardiac pumps: A review. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121298. [PMID: 34864451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The field of cardiac tissue engineering has advanced over the past decades; however, most research progress has been limited to engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) at the microscale with minimal geometrical complexities such as 3D strips and patches. Although microscale ECTs are advantageous for drug screening applications because of their high-throughput and standardization characteristics, they have limited translational applications in heart repair and the in vitro modeling of cardiac function and diseases. Recently, researchers have made various attempts to construct engineered cardiac pumps (ECPs) such as chambered ventricles, recapitulating the geometrical complexity of the native heart. The transition from microscale ECTs to ECPs at a translatable scale would greatly accelerate their translational applications; however, researchers are confronted with several major hurdles, including geometrical reconstruction, vascularization, and functional maturation. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to review the recent advances on bioengineering approaches for fabrication of functional engineered cardiac pumps. We first review the bioengineering approaches to fabricate ECPs, and then emphasize the unmatched potential of 3D bioprinting techniques. We highlight key advances in bioprinting strategies with high cell density as researchers have begun to realize the critical role that the cell density of non-proliferative cardiomyocytes plays in the cell-cell interaction and functional contracting performance. We summarize the current approaches to engineering vasculatures both at micro- and meso-scales, crucial for the survival of thick cardiac tissues and ECPs. We showcase a variety of strategies developed to enable the functional maturation of cardiac tissues, mimicking the in vivo environment during cardiac development. By highlighting state-of-the-art research, this review offers personal perspectives on future opportunities and trends that may bring us closer to the promise of functional ECPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcong Fang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, PR China; "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, PR China; "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, PR China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, PR China; "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Zhuo Xiong
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, PR China; "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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Báez-Díaz C, Blanco-Blázquez V, Sánchez-Margallo FM, López E, Martín H, Espona-Noguera A, Casado JG, Ciriza J, Pedraz JL, Crisóstomo V. Intrapericardial Delivery of APA-Microcapsules as Promising Stem Cell Therapy Carriers in an Experimental Acute Myocardial Infarction Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1824. [PMID: 34834235 PMCID: PMC8626005 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The administration of cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is very promising. CDC encapsulation in alginate-poly-l-lysine-alginate (APA) could increase cell survival and adherence. The intrapericardial (IP) approach potentially achieves high concentrations of the therapeutic agent in the infarcted area. We aimed to evaluate IP therapy using a saline vehicle as a control (CON), a dose of 30 × 106 CDCs (CDCs) or APA microcapsules containing 30 × 106 CDCs (APA-CDCs) at 72 h in a porcine AMI model. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to determine the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), infarct size (IS), and indexed end diastolic and systolic volumes (EDVi; ESVi) pre- and 10 weeks post-injection. Programmed electrical stimulation (PES) was performed to test arrhythmia inducibility before euthanasia. Histopathological analysis was carried out afterwards. The IP infusion was successful in all animals. At 10 weeks, MRI revealed significantly higher LVEF in the APA-CDC group compared with CON. No significant differences were observed among groups in IS, EDVi, ESVi, PES and histopathological analyses. In conclusion, the IP injection of CDCs (microencapsulated or not) was feasible and safe 72 h post-AMI in the porcine model. Moreover, CDCs APA encapsulation could have a beneficial effect on cardiac function, reflected by a higher LVEF at 10 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Báez-Díaz
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.B.-B.); (F.M.S.-M.); (V.C.)
- Fundación Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Virginia Blanco-Blázquez
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.B.-B.); (F.M.S.-M.); (V.C.)
- Fundación Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Francisco Miguel Sánchez-Margallo
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.B.-B.); (F.M.S.-M.); (V.C.)
- Fundación Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Esther López
- Fundación Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Helena Martín
- Fundación Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Albert Espona-Noguera
- Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados Lucio Lascaray (CIEA), Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Evaluación de Medicamentos, 01006 Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain; (A.E.-N.); (J.L.P.)
- CIBER bbn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier G. Casado
- Immunology Unit-Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Jesús Ciriza
- CIBER bbn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados Lucio Lascaray (CIEA), Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Evaluación de Medicamentos, 01006 Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain; (A.E.-N.); (J.L.P.)
- CIBER bbn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Verónica Crisóstomo
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.B.-B.); (F.M.S.-M.); (V.C.)
- Fundación Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.L.); (H.M.)
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The Essential Need for a Validated Potency Assay for Cell-Based Therapies in Cardiac Regenerative and Reparative Medicine. A Practical Approach to Test Development. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2235-2244. [PMID: 34463902 PMCID: PMC8599250 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatments are one of the medical breakthroughs in the twenty-first century. The initial enthusiasm pushed the field towards indiscriminatory use of cell therapy regardless of the pathophysiological particularities of underlying conditions. In the reparative and regenerative cardiovascular field, the results of the over two decades of research in cell-based therapies, although promising still could not be translated into clinical scenario. Now, when we identified possible deficiencies and try to rebuild its foundations rigorously on scientific evidence, development of potency assays for the potential therapeutic product is one of the steps which will bring our goal of clinical translation closer. Although, highly challenging, the potency tests for cell products are considered as a priority by the regulatory agencies. In this paper we describe the main characteristics and challenges for a cell therapy potency test focusing on the cardiovascular field. Moreover, we discuss different steps and types of assays that should be taken into consideration for an eventual potency test development by tying together two fundamental concepts: target disease and expected mechanism of action.
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13
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Germena G, Hinkel R. iPSCs and Exosomes: Partners in Crime Fighting Cardiovascular Diseases. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11060529. [PMID: 34207562 PMCID: PMC8230331 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms at the basis of these diseases is necessary in order to generate therapeutic approaches. Recently, cardiac tissue engineering and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming has led to a skyrocketing number of publications describing cardiovascular regeneration as a promising option for cardiovascular disease treatment. Generation of artificial tissue and organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells is in the pipeline for regenerative medicine. The present review summarizes the multiple approaches of heart regeneration with a special focus on iPSC application. In particular, we describe the strength of iPSCs as a tool to study the molecular mechanisms driving cardiovascular pathologies, as well as their potential in drug discovery. Moreover, we will describe some insights into novel discoveries of how stem-cell-secreted biomolecules, such as exosomes, could affect cardiac regeneration, and how the fine tuning of the immune system could be a revolutionary tool in the modulation of heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Germena
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (R.H.)
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (R.H.)
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14
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Rheault-Henry M, White I, Grover D, Atoui R. Stem cell therapy for heart failure: Medical breakthrough, or dead end? World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:236-259. [PMID: 33959217 PMCID: PMC8080540 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i4.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure continues to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Myocardial infarction is the primary causative agent of chronic heart failure resulting in cardiomyocyte necrosis and the subsequent formation of fibrotic scar tissue. Current pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies focus on managing symptoms of heart failure yet remain unable to reverse the underlying pathology. Heart transplantation usually cannot be relied on, as there is a major discrepancy between the availability of donors and recipients. As a result, heart failure carries a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. As the heart lacks significant endogenous regeneration potential, novel therapeutic approaches have incorporated the use of stem cells as a vehicle to treat heart failure as they possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages and tissues. This review will discuss past, present, and future clinical trials, factors that influence stem cell therapy outcomes as well as ethical and safety considerations. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown a wide spectrum of outcomes when applying stem cells to improve cardiac function. This may reflect the infancy of clinical trials and the limited knowledge on the optimal cell type, dosing, route of administration, patient parameters and other important variables that contribute to successful stem cell therapy. Nonetheless, the field of stem cell therapeutics continues to advance at an unprecedented pace. We remain cautiously optimistic that stem cells will play a role in heart failure management in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian White
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diya Grover
- Ross University School of Medicine, St. Michael BB11093, Barbados
| | - Rony Atoui
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Health Sciences North, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury P3E 3Y9, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Hoeeg C, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Follin B. Injectable Hydrogels for Improving Cardiac Cell Therapy-In Vivo Evidence and Translational Challenges. Gels 2021; 7:gels7010007. [PMID: 33499287 PMCID: PMC7859914 DOI: 10.3390/gels7010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy has the potential to regenerate cardiac tissue and treat a variety of cardiac diseases which are currently without effective treatment. This novel approach to treatment has demonstrated clinical efficiency, despite low retention of the cell products in the heart. It has been shown that improving retention often leads to improved functional outcome. A feasible method of improving cell graft retention is administration of injectable hydrogels. Over the last decade, a variety of injectable hydrogels have been investigated preclinically for their potential to improve the effects of cardiac cell therapy. These hydrogels are created with different polymers, properties, and additional functional motifs and differ in their approaches for encapsulating different cell types. Only one combinational therapy has been tested in a clinical randomized controlled trial. In this review, the latest research on the potential of injectable hydrogels for delivery of cell therapy is discussed, together with potential roadblocks for clinical translation and recommendations for future explorations to facilitate future translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Hoeeg
- Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, Rigshospitalet, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4C, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Dentistry—Regenerative Biomaterials, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bjarke Follin
- Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, Rigshospitalet, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4C, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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16
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Berezin AE, Berezin AA. Stem-Cell-Based Cardiac Regeneration: Is There a Place For Optimism in the Future? Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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