1
|
Yang H, Ai H, Zhang J, Ma J, Liu K, Li Z. UPS: Opportunities and challenges for gastric cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1140452. [PMID: 37077823 PMCID: PMC10106573 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1140452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide owning to the lack of efficient drugs and targets for therapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that UPS, which consists of E1, E2, and E3 enzymes and proteasome, plays an important role in the GC tumorigenesis. The imbalance of UPS impairs the protein homeostasis network during development of GC. Therefore, modulating these enzymes and proteasome may be a promising strategy for GC target therapy. Besides, PROTAC, a strategy using UPS to degrade the target protein, is an emerging tool for drug development. Thus far, more and more PROTAC drugs enter clinical trials for cancer therapy. Here, we will analyze the abnormal expression enzymes in UPS and summarize the E3 enzymes which can be developed in PROTAC so that it can contribute to the development of UPS modulator and PROTAC technology for GC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huihan Ai
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Ma
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US Hormel (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi Li, ; Kangdong Liu,
| | - Zhi Li
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi Li, ; Kangdong Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeng X, Gong H, Zhang L, Lan Y, Yang S, Xu F. Bisacurone Ameliorated Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Experimental Rats Through Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Bax/Caspase-3 Pathway. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.415.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
3
|
Byvaltsev V, Polkin R, Bereznyak D, Giers MB, Hernandez PA, Shepelev V, Aliyev M. 3D-printed cranial models simulating operative field depth for microvascular training in neurosurgery. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:213. [PMID: 34084640 PMCID: PMC8168712 DOI: 10.25259/sni_849_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skills required for neurosurgical operations using microsurgical techniques in a deep operating field are difficult to master in the operating room without risk to patients. Although there are many microsurgical training models, most do not use a skull model to simulate a deep field. To solve this problem, 3D models were created to provide increased training in the laboratory before the operating room, improving patient safety. METHODS A patient's head was scanned using computed tomography. The data were reconstructed and converted into a standard 3D printing file. The skull was printed with several openings to simulate common surgical approaches. These models were then used to create a deep operating field while practicing on a chicken thigh (femoral artery anastomosis) and on a rat (abdominal aortic anastomosis). RESULTS The advantages of practicing with the 3D printed models were clearly demonstrated by our trainees, including appropriate hand position on the skull, becoming comfortable with the depth of the anastomosis, and simulating proper skull angle and rigid fixation. One limitation is the absence of intracranial structures, which is being explored in future work. CONCLUSION This neurosurgical model can improve microsurgery training by recapitulating the depth of a real operating field. Improved training can lead to increased accuracy and efficiency of surgical procedures, thereby minimizing the risk to patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Byvaltsev
- Department of Neurosurgery and Innovative Medicine, Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Roman Polkin
- Department of Neurosurgery and Innovative Medicine, Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Bereznyak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Innovative Medicine, Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Morgan B. Giers
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - Phillip A. Hernandez
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - Valery Shepelev
- Department of Neurosurgery and Innovative Medicine, Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Marat Aliyev
- Department of Neurosurgery and Innovative Medicine, Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu X, Zhu Y, L V X, Feng Z. Elucidation of the mechanism of action of pinitol against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in an animal model of aortic stenosis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:643-655. [PMID: 33589894 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The long-term imposition of pressure overload on the cardiac tissue causes left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and cardiac fibrosis. Pinitol has been reported to possess antioxidant potential. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of pinitol against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in the aortic stenosis (AS) rat model. Cardiac hypertrophy was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats by abdominal aortic constriction and treated with lisinopril (15 mg/kg) or pinitol (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg). Pressure overload-induced alterations in hemodynamic and left ventricular function tests, cardiac SOD, GSH, MDA, NO, Na-K-ATPase, and mitochondrial complex enzyme levels were significantly attenuated by pinitol. The upregulated mRNA expressions of cardiac ANP, BNP, cTn-I, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Bax, Caspase-3, collagen-I, and cardiac apoptosis were markedly downregulated by pinitol. In conclusion, pinitol ameliorated pressure overload-induced LVH and fibrosis via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, and antiapoptotic potential in experimental AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan L V
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhanbin Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shanmugam G, Challa AK, Devarajan A, Athmanathan B, Litovsky SH, Krishnamurthy P, Davidson CJ, Rajasekaran NS. Exercise Mediated Nrf2 Signaling Protects the Myocardium From Isoproterenol-Induced Pathological Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:68. [PMID: 31245386 PMCID: PMC6563599 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although exercise derived activation of Nrf2 signaling augments myocardial antioxidant signaling, the molecular mechanisms underlying the benefits of moderate exercise training (MET) in the heart remain elusive. Here we hypothesized that exercise training stabilizes Nrf2-dependent antioxidant signaling, which then protects the myocardium from isoproterenol-induced damage. The present study assessed the effects of 6 weeks of MET on the Nrf2/antioxidant function, glutathione redox state, and injury in the myocardium of C57/BL6J mice that received isoproterenol (ISO; 50 mg/kg/day for 7 days). ISO administration significantly reduced the Nrf2 promoter activity (p < 0.05) and downregulated the expression of cardiac antioxidant genes (Gclc, Nqo1, Cat, Gsr, and Gst-μ) in the untrained (UNT) mice. Furthermore, increased oxidative stress with severe myocardial injury was evident in UNT+ISO when compared to UNT mice receiving PBS under basal condition. Of note, MET stabilized the Nrf2-promoter activity and upheld the expression of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant genes in animals receiving ISO, and attenuated the oxidative stress-induced myocardial damage. Echocardiography analysis revealed impaired diastolic ventricular function in UNT+ISO mice, but this was partially normalized in the MET animals. Interestingly, while there was a marginal reduction in ubiquitinated proteins in MET mice that received ISO, the pathological signs were attenuated along with near normal cardiac function in response to exercise training. Thus, moderate intensity exercise training conferred protection against ISO-induced myocardial injury by augmentation of Nrf2-antioxidant signaling and attenuation of isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gobinath Shanmugam
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Anil K. Challa
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Asokan Devarajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Baskaran Athmanathan
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Silvio H. Litovsky
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher J. Davidson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Namakkal Soorappan Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|