Perspectiva Futura de Tiempo, Satisfacción Laboral y Compromiso Organizacional: el Efecto Mediador de la Autoeficacia, la Esperanza y la Vitalidad

Time Perspective and the Risk of Developing Burnout: An Empirical Study among Different Blue-Collar Workers in Spain

The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between the time perspective of Spanish shipyard workers in relation to burnout compared to other blue-collar workers in other sectors, including a total of 644 participants in a shipyard in northern Spain and 223 workers in other sectors. The ages were between 20 and 69 (M = 46.14, SD = 10.98). We used the Spanish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Instrument (ZTPI) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey (MBI-GS). The mean of the three reliability coefficients of the emotional exhaustion factor was 0.887. In respect to the five factors of the ZTPI questionnaire, the mean of those five coefficients was 0.86. A Student’s t-test for independent samples comparing shipyard naval workers vs. the control group in personality variables and burnout was used. The psychological difference between workers in the naval sector and those in other sectors is better predicted based on two variables: emotional exhaustion and professional efficacy. Workers in the naval sector have a higher risk of becoming burnt-out than workers in other sectors due to a negative past, present and future time perspective. This can be a consequence of constant understimulation and monotonous and repetitive work, as well as a lack of autonomy and social support at work.

Burnout and Time Perspective of Blue-Collar Workers at the Shipyard

Background: The aim of the research was to investigate the association between time perspective in relation to burnout and successful ageing of blue-collar workers with physically highly demanding work and low autonomy. Shipyard blue-collar workers usually do predominantly manual labor versus white-collar workers, whose jobs do not usually involve physical work. Methods: 497 participants workers in a shipyard in the north of Spain. Ages were between 20 and 69 (M = 46.62, SD = 10.79). We used the Zimbardo Time Perspective Instrument (ZTPI), Spanish version, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey (MBI-GS). Results: Emotional exhaustion factor obtained a coefficient of 0.97; cynicism factor of 0.83; and professional efficacy factor of p = 0.86. The mean of the three reliability coefficients was 0.887. With respect to the five factors of the ZTPI questionnaire: the negative past factor obtained a coefficient of p = 0.91; that of positive past p = 0.81; the present hedonistic of 0.878; the future of p = 0.83; and the fatalistic present of p = 0.90. The mean of the five coefficients, was p = 0.86. Conclusions: Within shipyard workers, burnout is associated with a negative past and negative future time perspective. This makes shipyard workers at a higher risk of developing burnout and this can have serious consequences for the sustainable employability of these blue-collar workers.

Time Perspective and Temporal Competence as Factors of Productive Learning Motivation

The problems of time perspective and temporal competence in context of schoolchildren’ and students’ motivation in education and also advanced staff training in companies including top management are being analyzed with the help of modern foreign and national research tools and. Findings. The term «temporal competence» is interpreted in accordance with J. Nuttin’s approach to it as an ability of a person to subjectively connect his present time activities, goals and intentions with future. On the bases of numerous (mainly foreign) studies, conducted in different countries, the authors demonstrate the importance of lengthy and balanced time perspective, temporal competence in development of learning motivation and high academic achievements in schoolchildren and students, career progress and success of employees in various companies. The majority of these studies are based on J. Nuttin’s MIM and F. Zimbardo’s ZTPI methodologies. Particular attention is focused on integration of accumulated scientific knowledge into elaboration of multi-module development programs, which include: project management, strategic thinking individual trajectories of development and other components, based on optimization of time perspective and formation of temporal competence.