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Braun C, Badiou C, Guironnet-Paquet A, Iwata M, Lenief V, Mosnier A, Beauclair C, Renucci E, Bouschon P, Cuzin R, Briend Y, Patra V, Patot S, Scharschmidt TC, van Wamel W, Lemmens N, Nakajima S, Vandenesh F, Nicolas JF, Lina G, Nosbaum A, Vocanson M. Staphylococcus aureus-specific skin resident memory T cells protect against bacteria colonization but exacerbate atopic dermatitis-like flares in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 154:355-374. [PMID: 38734386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of Staphylococcus aureus to the exacerbation of atopic dermatitis (AD) is widely documented, but its role as a primary trigger of AD skin symptoms remains poorly explored. OBJECTIVES This study sought to reappraise the main bacterial factors and underlying immune mechanisms by which S aureus triggers AD-like inflammation. METHODS This study capitalized on a preclinical model, in which different clinical isolates were applied in the absence of any prior experimental skin injury. RESULTS The development of S aureus-induced dermatitis depended on the nature of the S aureus strain, its viability, the concentration of the applied bacterial suspension, the production of secreted and nonsecreted factors, as well as the activation of accessory gene regulatory quorum sensing system. In addition, the rising dermatitis, which exhibited the well-documented AD cytokine signature, was significantly inhibited in inflammasome adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD domain- and monocyte/macrophage-deficient animals, but not in T- and B-cell-deficient mice, suggesting a major role for the innate response in the induction of skin inflammation. However, bacterial exposure generated a robust adaptive immune response against S aureus, and an accumulation of S aureus-specific γδ and CD4+ tissue resident memory T cells at the site of previous dermatitis. The latter both contributed to worsen the flares of AD-like dermatitis on new bacteria exposures, but also, protected the mice from persistent bacterial colonization. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight the induction of unique AD-like inflammation, with the generation of proinflammatory but protective tissue resident memory T cells in a context of natural exposure to pathogenic S aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Braun
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Service de Pédiatrie, Pneumologie, Allergologie, Mucoviscidose, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Cédric Badiou
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Guironnet-Paquet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, Apheresis Unit, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Masashi Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Vanina Lenief
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Amandine Mosnier
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Charlotte Beauclair
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Renucci
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Bouschon
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Roxane Cuzin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yoann Briend
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vijaykumar Patra
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sabine Patot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Willem van Wamel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Lemmens
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - François Vandenesh
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Service de Microbiologie Clinique, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-François Nicolas
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Service d'Allergologie et Immunologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Gérard Lina
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Service de Microbiologie Clinique, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Nosbaum
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Service d'Allergologie et Immunologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marc Vocanson
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Bianco Prevot L, Tansini L, Riccardo A, Bolcato V, Tronconi LP, Basile G. Cutting Periprosthetic Infection Rate: Staphylococcus aureus Decolonization as a Mandatory Procedure in Preoperative Knee and Hip Replacement Care-Insights from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of More Than 50,000 Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4197. [PMID: 39064238 PMCID: PMC11277874 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: No consensus in the literature has been found about the necessity of implementing a decolonization screening protocol for Staphylococcus aureus in patients who undergo prosthesis implantation of the knee (TKA) or of the hip (THA), with the aim of reducing periprosthetic infections (PJIs). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase in April 2024. Studies conducted on patients who underwent a TKA or THA and who followed a screening and decolonization protocol from S. aureus were included. The benefits of implementing this protocol were evaluated through the number of infections overall caused by S. aureus and other pathogens. The risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed using Cochrane guidelines. Results: A total of 922 articles were evaluated, and of these, 12 were included in the study for a total of 56,930 patients. The results of the meta-analysis showed a reduced risk of overall PJI (p = 0.002), PJI caused by S. aureus (p < 0.0001), and PJI caused by MRSA (p < 0.0001) and highlighted no differences between the two groups in the onset of a PJI caused by other bacteria (p = 0.50). Conclusions: This study showed that the screening and decolonization of S. aureus in patients undergoing THA or THA procedures reduced the risk of a PJI. The screening and decolonization protocol for this kind of patient represents an important procedure for the safety of the patient and in social-economic and medico-legal terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bianco Prevot
- Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Trauma Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi, S. Ambrogio, Via Cristina Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Luca Tansini
- Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Accetta Riccardo
- Department of Trauma Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi, S. Ambrogio, Via Cristina Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Livio Pietro Tronconi
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Via degli Aldobrandeschi 190, 00163 Rome, Italy;
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, Via Corriera, 1, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basile
- Department of Trauma Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi, S. Ambrogio, Via Cristina Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (G.B.)
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Herrera AL, Chaussee MS, Pietri JE. Experimental Acquisition, Maintenance, and Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by the Common Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:245-251. [PMID: 37523766 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we fed bed bugs through a membrane contaminated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at a concentration naturally present on human skin. We then determined the amount of viable MRSA present on their surface and internally over a period of 7 days. We also determined whether bed bugs that fed through the contaminated membrane could transmit MRSA to an uncontaminated membrane when taking a second blood meal 7 days later. Bed bugs acquired MRSA both externally on the cuticle surface as well as internally when feeding. MRSA was found to persist for 7 days both externally and internally in some bed bugs. Furthermore, MRSA replicated internally but not externally. Most importantly, bed bugs were able to transmit MRSA to an uncontaminated membrane feeder in 2 of 3 trials. These findings provide the first experimental support for the hypothesis that bed bugs may contribute to the transmission of MRSA in some settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Herrera
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion
| | - Michael S Chaussee
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion
| | - Jose E Pietri
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion
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Smith M, Herwaldt L. Nasal decolonization: What antimicrobials and antiseptics are most effective before surgery and in the ICU. Am J Infect Control 2023; 51:A64-A71. [PMID: 37890955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus colonization is a key risk factor for S. aureus infections in surgical patients and in hospitalized patients. Many studies have assessed various decolonization agents, protocols, and settings. This review summarizes key findings about nasal decolonization for 2 different patient populations: patients undergoing surgery and patients hospitalized in intensive care units. METHODS We reviewed major studies related to decolonization of patients colonized with S. aureus and who were either undergoing surgical procedures or were hospitalized in intensive care units. We focused on recent studies, particularly randomized controlled trials and robust quasi-experimental trials. We also reviewed select non-randomized trials when more rigorous trials were limited. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS Mupirocin is the best-studied agent for decolonization. Its use reduces the risk of surgical site infection following orthopedic surgery (strongest data) and cardiac surgery. Mupirocin decolonization also reduces the incidence of S. aureus clinical cultures in the intensive care unit. Povidone-iodine is less well-studied. Current data suggest that it decreases the risk of surgical site infections after orthopedic surgical procedures. In contrast, povidone-iodine is less effective than mupirocin for reducing the incidence of S aureus clinical cultures in the intensive care unit. Both mupirocin and povidone-iodine have important limitations, highlighting the need for future decolonization research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA.
| | - Loreen Herwaldt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA
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Detection of Oxacillin/Cefoxitin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Present in Recurrent Tonsillitis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030615. [PMID: 36985189 PMCID: PMC10055619 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recurrent tonsillitis is one of the most common diseases in childhood, caused many times by ß-lactam-resistant S. aureus. The objective of this study was to investigate an alternative method to identify resistance to oxacillin/cefoxitin in S. aureus from hospitalized children with recurrent tonsillitis. Methods: The samples of S. aureus came from patients with recurrent tonsillitis and were used in 16S rRNA sequencing and an antibiogram test for identification and verifying resistance, after which HSI methodology were applied for separation of S. aureus resistances. Results: The S. aureus isolated showed sensitivity to oxacillin/cefoxitin and the diagnostic images show a visual description of the resistance different groups formed, that may be related to sensitivity and resistance to oxacillin/cefoxitin, characterizing the MRSA S. aureus. Conclusions: Samples that showed phenotypic resistance to oxacillin/cefoxitin were clearly separated from samples that did not show this resistance. A PLS-DA model predicted the presence of resistance to oxacillin/cefoxitin in S. aureus samples and it was possible to observe the pixels classified as MRSA. The HSI was able to successfully discriminate samples in replicas that were sensitive and resistant, based on the calibration model it received.
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Debnath SK, Debnath M, Srivastava R. Opportunistic etiological agents causing lung infections: emerging need to transform lung-targeted delivery. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12620. [PMID: 36619445 PMCID: PMC9816992 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases continue to draw considerable attention from biomedical and public health care agencies. The lung with the largest epithelial surface area is continuously exposed to the external environment during exchanging gas. Therefore, the chances of respiratory disorders and lung infections are overgrowing. This review has covered promising and opportunistic etiologic agents responsible for lung infections. These pathogens infect the lungs either directly or indirectly. However, it is difficult to intervene in lung diseases using available oral or parenteral antimicrobial formulations. Many pieces of research have been done in the last two decades to improve inhalable antimicrobial formulations. However, very few have been approved for human use. This review article discusses the approved inhalable antimicrobial agents (AMAs) and identifies why pulmonary delivery is explored. Additionally, the basic anatomy of the respiratory system linked with barriers to AMA delivery has been discussed here. This review opens several new scopes for researchers to work on pulmonary medicines for specific diseases and bring more respiratory medication to market.
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Airway Epithelial Cell Junctions as Targets for Pathogens and Antimicrobial Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122619. [PMID: 36559113 PMCID: PMC9786141 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular contacts between epithelial cells are established and maintained by the apical junctional complexes (AJCs). AJCs conserve cell polarity and build epithelial barriers to pathogens, inhaled allergens, and environmental particles in the respiratory tract. AJCs consist of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs), which play a key role in maintaining the integrity of the airway barrier. Emerging evidence has shown that different microorganisms cause airway barrier dysfunction by targeting TJ and AJ proteins. This review discusses the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which several microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) lead to the disruption of AJCs in airway epithelial cells. We present recent progress in understanding signaling pathways involved in the formation and regulation of cell junctions. We also summarize the potential chemical inhibitors and pharmacological approaches to restore the integrity of the airway epithelial barrier. Understanding the AJCs-pathogen interactions and mechanisms by which microorganisms target the AJC and impair barrier function may further help design therapeutic innovations to treat these infections.
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Zhang M, Li H, Agyekumwaa AK, Yu Y, Xiao X. Effects of citronellal on growth and enterotoxins production in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. Toxicon 2022; 213:92-98. [PMID: 35489426 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is known to be one of the most common foodborne pathogens capable of secreting a wide range of exotoxins such as enterotoxin, which severely threatens the health of consumers. Over the past few years, the development of safe and effective strategies in inhibiting the growth and enterotoxins generation of S. aureus in food turns out to be the research focus and emphasis. This research explores citronellal (CIT), a native compound with extensive existence in spices, which could effectively inhibit the growth and enterotoxins generation of S. aureus (ATCC 29213). Results from minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill curves, showed that CIT could tremendously inhibit the growth of S. aureus. Analysis on hemolysin showed that CIT at sub-MIC could significantly (p < 0.05) inhibit the hemolytic activity of S. aureus. As revealed by the results of ELISA, the production of enterotoxins in the culture supernatant and pork meat decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after exposure to CIT at sub-MIC. Furthermore, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in dose-dependent was found in the transcription levels of virulence-related genes. In all, CIT proved to be a possible inhibitor of the growth and enterotoxins production of S. aureus with highly promising application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Zhang
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Addo Keren Agyekumwaa
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yigang Yu
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xinglong Xiao
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Montoya Urrego D, Vanegas JM, Jiménez JN. The remarkable genetic relationship between Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hemodialysis patients and their household contacts: Homes as an important source of colonization and dissemination. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267276. [PMID: 35439257 PMCID: PMC9017883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococcus aureus is a successful pathogen in hospital and community. Hemodialysis patients have high colonization rates. Interactions between them and their household contacts, are an opportunity to understand the S. aureus colonization between hospitals and community. This study aims to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of S. aureus colonization in hemodialysis patients and their household contacts, as well as the genetic relationship between their isolates. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on hemodialysis patients from hospital-associated dialysis center in Medellín-Colombia, and their household contacts between 2019 and 2020. Colonization was assessed in the nostrils for household contacts and nostrils and skin around the catheter insertion for hemodialysis patients. Epidemiological information was obtained, and colonization was evaluated in their pets’ oral cavities. Bacterial identification and susceptibility were assessed using phenotypic and molecular methods. Molecular typing included SCCmec typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), spa typing, and virulence factor detection. Results Colonization frequency was 35.6% (n = 16/45) in patients (87.5% MSSA– 12.5% MRSA) and 43.1% (n = 53/123) in household contacts (88.7% MSSA—11.3% MRSA). Of 45 homes, 77.8% presented colonized people. Colonization was detected in at least two household members in 46.7% of homes, of which 52.4% had a genetic relationship. Colonization was 16% (n = 4/25) in pets (75% MRSA—25% MSSA). The most frequent clonal complex was CC8 (15.6%), and the spa typing revealed high diversity. Conclusion This study shows a high frequency of colonization by S. aureus in both hemodialysis patients and their household contacts and a significant genetic relationship between their isolates. This demonstrates an exchange of this bacterium and that homes are an important source of colonization to patients, highlighting the need for prevention strategies outside the hospital to avoid future infections, and the importance of the populations with permanent transit between the two environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Montoya Urrego
- Grupo de investigación en Microbiología Básica y aplicada (MICROBA), Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Johanna M. Vanegas
- Grupo de investigación en Microbiología Básica y aplicada (MICROBA), Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de investigación en Salud Pública, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - J. Natalia Jiménez
- Grupo de investigación en Microbiología Básica y aplicada (MICROBA), Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Klagisa R, Racenis K, Broks R, Kise L, Kroiča J. Evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Adult Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy for Recurrent Tonsillitis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040427. [PMID: 35456100 PMCID: PMC9029959 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is often recovered from the pharynx. However, the role of this pathogen in the etiology of tonsillar inflammation is still unclear and complicated due to frequent carriage of S. aureus. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and the clinical importance of S. aureus colonization and biofilm production ability in patients with recurrent tonsillitis (RT) using patient samples from tonsillar crypts during tonsillectomy, and from the throat, nasal cavity, and armpits after tonsillectomy. Materials and Methods: A case series study was carried out at a tertiary referral center among 16 patients diagnosed with RT who were undergoing tonsillectomy. Samples from tonsillar crypts were obtained during tonsillectomy, and samples from the throat, nasal cavity, and armpit were obtained a year after surgery. An evaluation of S. aureus incidence, biofilm formation, and antibacterial susceptibility was performed. Results: During tonsillectomy, 16 strains of S. aureus were isolated from 16 patients, while 15/16 S. aureus strains were biofilm producers. A year after tonsillectomy, 8 S. aureus strains were isolated from 6 out of 16 patients, while 6/8 S. aureus strains were biofilm producers. After tonsillectomy, 3 patients showed S. aureus in throat culture. Conclusions: In 10/16 cases S. aureus was the causative agent of RT, in 4/16 cases patients had a predisposition to colonization of S. aureus, and in 2/16 cases S. aureus was a part of the patients` oral microbiome. Tonsillectomy results in less frequent isolation of S. aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Klagisa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Daugavpils Regional Hospital, LV-5401 Daugavpils, Latvia
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +371-28471191
| | - Karlis Racenis
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (K.R.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
- Center of Nephrology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Renars Broks
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (K.R.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Ligija Kise
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Juta Kroiča
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (K.R.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
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