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Abishev Z, Ruslanova B, Apbassova S, Shabdarbayeva D, Chaizhunussova N, Dyusupov A, Azhimkhanov A, Zhumadilov K, Stepanenko V, Ivanov S, Shegay P, Kaprin A, Hoshi M, Fujimoto N. Effects of Radioactive 56MnO 2 Particle Inhalation on Mouse Lungs: A Comparison between C57BL and BALB/c. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17605. [PMID: 38139433 PMCID: PMC10743477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of residual radiation from atomic bombs have been considered to be minimal because of its low levels of external radioactivity. However, studies involving atomic bomb survivors exposed to only residual radiation in Hiroshima and Nagasaki have indicated possible adverse health effects. Thus, we investigated the biological effects of radioactive dust of manganese dioxide 56 (56MnO2), a major radioisotope formed in soil by neutron beams from a bomb. Previously, we investigated C57BL mice exposed to 56MnO2 and found pulmonary gene expression changes despite low radiation doses. In this study, we examined the effects in a radiation-sensitive strain of mice, BALB/c, and compared them with those in C57BL mice. The animals were exposed to 56MnO2 particles at two radioactivity levels and examined 3 and 65 days after exposure. The mRNA expression of pulmonary pathophysiology markers, including Aqp1, Aqp5, and Smad7, and radiation-sensitive genes, including Bax, Phlda3, and Faim3, was determined in the lungs. The radiation doses absorbed in the lungs ranged from 110 to 380 mGy; no significant difference was observed between the two strains. No exposure-related pathological changes were observed in the lungs of any group. However, the mRNA expression of Aqp1 was significantly elevated in C57BL mice but not in BALB/c mice 65 days after exposure, whereas no changes were observed in external γ-rays (2 Gy) in either strain. In contrast, Faim3, a radiation-dependently downregulated gene, was reduced by 56MnO2 exposure in BALB/c mice but not in C57BL mice. These data demonstrate that inhalation exposure to 56MnO2 affected the expression of pulmonary genes at doses <380 mGy, which is comparable to 2 Gy of external γ-irradiation, whereas the responses differed between the two mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaslan Abishev
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (B.R.); (S.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Bakhyt Ruslanova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (B.R.); (S.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Saulesh Apbassova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (B.R.); (S.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Dariya Shabdarbayeva
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (B.R.); (S.A.); (D.S.)
| | | | - Altai Dyusupov
- Rector’s Office, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan;
| | - Almas Azhimkhanov
- National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kurchatov 071100, Kazakhstan;
| | - Kassym Zhumadilov
- Department of Nuclear Physics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Valeriy Stepanenko
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre—Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia; (V.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre—Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia; (V.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Peter Shegay
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia; (P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrey Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia; (P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Masaharu Hoshi
- The Center for Peace, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan;
| | - Nariaki Fujimoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
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Fu S, Song X, Tang X, Qian X, Du Z, Hu Y, Xu X, Zhang M. Synergistic effect of constituent drugs of Baibutang on improving Yin-deficiency pulmonary fibrosis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116050. [PMID: 36535334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baibutang (BBT) is an ancient prescription for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Previous experiments have shown that BBT had a good therapeutic effect on pulmonary fibrosis. However, there had been no study on the synergy between drugs composed of BBT. Due to the interaction between the constituent drugs, exploring their synergy profile is of great significance for explaining the essence of BBT's efficacy in improving pulmonary fibrosis. AIM OF THE STUDY Based on the pharmacodynamic value, this study aimed to explore a method for the evaluation of the synergy profile between constituent drugs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine herbs of BBT were divided into Zhikeqingre (ZK), Yangyinyiqi (YY) and Lishijianpi (LS) groups. A rat model of Yin-deficiency pulmonary fibrosis induced by thyroxine-bleomycin was used to evaluate the effects of BBT and the three groups. The pathological changes of lung tissue and the changes of biomarkers associated with fibrosis, Yin-deficiency and water-fluid metabolism were detected. After standardization of pharmacodynamics value (PV), the compatibility coefficient (CC) of the three groups, the relative PV (RPV) and contribution value (CV) of each group on every index were calculated. RESULTS The average CC on fibrosis indexes was 0.44, indicating that 44% of the efficacy of BBT came from the synergistic effect of the three groups. ZK group had the highest RPV (0.80) in improving fibrosis indexes such as histopathological changes, α-SMA, collagen-I and renin-angiotensin system. The average CC on Yin-deficiency indexes was 0.25, and YY group had the highest RPV (0.96) in improving deficiency indexes such as body temperature, cAMP/cGMP ratio, and PDEs, PGE2 and COX-2 levels. The average CC on water-fluid metabolism indexes was 0.15, and LS group had the highest RPV (1.52) in improving water-fluid metabolism indexes such as aquaporins, mucins, and surfactant proteins. The results also showed that 29% of the improvement effect of BBT on all indexes came from the synergistic effect of the three groups, and the contribution of ZK, YY and LS groups to the efficacy of BBT were 25%, 25% and 21%, respectively. CONCLUSION The established semiquantitative method can clearly and simply evaluate the synergy of the three groups in BBT, which will help to promote the research on the synergy of TCM compounds and other multiple-components combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- San Fu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xianrui Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiuhui Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zesen Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yingying Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xianghong Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mian Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Abishev Z, Ruslanova B, Apbassova S, Chaizhunussova N, Shabdarbayeva D, Azimkhanov A, Zhumadilov K, Stepanenko V, Ivanov S, Shegay P, Hoshi M, Fujimoto N. Effects of Internal Exposure of Radioactive 56MnO2 Particles on the Lung in C57BL Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3208-3218. [PMID: 37185733 PMCID: PMC10137078 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the radiation effects of the atomic bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki has revealed concerns about the impact of the residual radioactive dust produced in the soil. Manganese-56 is one of the major radioisotopes produced by neutrons from the bomb; hence, we previously examined the biological effects of manganese dioxide-56 (56MnO2) in Wistar rats, in which significant changes were found in the lung. In the present study, ten-week-old male C57BL mice were exposed to three doses of radioactive 56MnO2, stable MnO2 particles, or external γ-rays (2 Gy) to further examine the effects of 56MnO2 in a different species. The estimated absorbed radiation doses from 56MnO2 were 26, 96, and 250 mGy in the lung. The animals were examined at 3, 14, and 70 days post exposure. Histologically, no exposure-related changes were found in the lungs of any group. However, pulmonary mRNA expression of aquaporin 1, which is a useful marker for lung pathophysiology, was significantly elevated at 14 and 70 days, although no such changes were found in the mice exposed to external γ-rays (2 Gy). These data indicated that the inhalation exposure to 56MnO2 particles, with <250 mGy of organ doses, produced significant biological responses in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaslan Abishev
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakhyt Ruslanova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Saulesh Apbassova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Dariya Shabdarbayeva
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Almas Azimkhanov
- National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kurchatov 071100, Kazakhstan
| | - Kassym Zhumadilov
- Department of Nuclear Physics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Valeriy Stepanenko
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center—National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center—National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Peter Shegay
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Masaharu Hoshi
- The Center for Peace, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Nariaki Fujimoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
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Therapeutic strategies targeting pro-fibrotic macrophages in interstitial lung disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 211:115501. [PMID: 36921632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the representative phenotype of interstitial lung disease where severe scarring develops in the lung interstitium. Although antifibrotic treatments are available and have been shown to slow the progression of IPF, improved therapeutic options are still needed. Recent data indicate that macrophages play essential pro-fibrotic roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Historically, macrophages have been classified into two functional subtypes, "M1" and "M2," and it is well described that "M2" or "alternatively activated" macrophages contribute to fibrosis via the production of fibrotic mediators, such as TGF-β, CTGF, and CCL18. However, highly plastic macrophages may possess distinct functions and phenotypes in the fibrotic lung environment. Thus, M2-like macrophages in vitro and pro-fibrotic macrophages in vivo are not completely identical cell populations. Recent developments in transcriptome analysis, including single-cell RNA sequencing, have attempted to depict more detailed phenotypic characteristics of pro-fibrotic macrophages. This review will outline the role and characterization of pro-fibrotic macrophages in fibrotic lung diseases and discuss the possibility of treating lung fibrosis by preventing or reprogramming the polarity of macrophages. We also utilized a systematic approach to review the literature and identify novel and promising therapeutic agents that follow this treatment strategy.
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5
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Wang D, Deng B, Cheng L, Li J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Guo X, Yan T, Yue X, An Y, Zhang B, Yang W, Xie J, Wang R. A novel and low-toxic peptide DR3penA alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the MAPK/miR-23b-5p/AQP5 signaling axis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:722-738. [PMID: 36873181 PMCID: PMC9979266 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a pathological change caused by repeated injuries and repair dysfunction of the alveolar epithelium. Our previous study revealed that the residues Asn3 and Asn4 of peptide DR8 (DHNNPQIR-NH2) could be modified to improve stability and antifibrotic activity, and the unnatural hydrophobic amino acids α-(4-pentenyl)-Ala and d-Ala were considered in this study. DR3penA (DHα-(4-pentenyl)-ANPQIR-NH2) was verified to have a longer half-life in serum and to significantly inhibit oxidative damage, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, DR3penA has a dosage advantage over pirfenidone through the conversion of drug bioavailability under different routes of administration. A mechanistic study revealed that DR3penA increased the expression of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) by inhibiting the upregulation of miR-23b-5p and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, indicating that DR3penA may alleviate PF by regulating MAPK/miR-23b-5p/AQP5. Safety evaluation showed that DR3penA is a peptide drug without obvious toxicity or acute side effects and has significantly improved safety compared to DR8. Thus, our findings suggest that DR3penA, as a novel and low-toxic peptide, has the potential to be a leading compound for PF therapy, which provides a foundation for the development of peptide drugs for fibrosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bochuan Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jieru Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tiantian Yan
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Yue
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingying An
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bangzhi Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenle Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junqiu Xie
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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6
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Wagner K, Unger L, Salman MM, Kitchen P, Bill RM, Yool AJ. Signaling Mechanisms and Pharmacological Modulators Governing Diverse Aquaporin Functions in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1388. [PMID: 35163313 PMCID: PMC8836214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small integral membrane proteins that facilitate the bidirectional transport of water across biological membranes in response to osmotic pressure gradients as well as enable the transmembrane diffusion of small neutral solutes (such as urea, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide) and ions. AQPs are expressed throughout the human body. Here, we review their key roles in fluid homeostasis, glandular secretions, signal transduction and sensation, barrier function, immunity and inflammation, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Evidence from a wide variety of studies now supports a view of the functions of AQPs being much more complex than simply mediating the passive flow of water across biological membranes. The discovery and development of small-molecule AQP inhibitors for research use and therapeutic development will lead to new insights into the basic biology of and novel treatments for the wide range of AQP-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wagner
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Lucas Unger
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Mootaz M. Salman
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Roslyn M. Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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7
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Allnoch L, Beythien G, Leitzen E, Becker K, Kaup FJ, Stanelle-Bertram S, Schaumburg B, Mounogou Kouassi N, Beck S, Zickler M, Herder V, Gabriel G, Baumgärtner W. Vascular Inflammation Is Associated with Loss of Aquaporin 1 Expression on Endothelial Cells and Increased Fluid Leakage in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Golden Syrian Hamsters. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040639. [PMID: 33918079 PMCID: PMC8069375 DOI: 10.3390/v13040639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular changes represent a characteristic feature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leading to a breakdown of the vascular barrier and subsequent edema formation. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed characterization of the vascular alterations during SARS-CoV-2 infection and to evaluate the impaired vascular integrity. Groups of ten golden Syrian hamsters were infected intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 or phosphate-buffered saline (mock infection). Necropsies were performed at 1, 3, 6, and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Lung samples were investigated using hematoxylin and eosin, alcian blue, immunohistochemistry targeting aquaporin 1, CD3, CD204, CD31, laminin, myeloperoxidase, SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein, and transmission electron microscopy. SARS-CoV-2 infected animals showed endothelial hypertrophy, endothelialitis, and vasculitis. Inflammation mainly consisted of macrophages and lower numbers of T-lymphocytes and neutrophils/heterophils infiltrating the vascular walls as well as the perivascular region at 3 and 6 dpi. Affected vessels showed edema formation in association with loss of aquaporin 1 on endothelial cells. In addition, an ultrastructural investigation revealed disruption of the endothelium. Summarized, the presented findings indicate that loss of aquaporin 1 entails the loss of intercellular junctions resulting in paracellular leakage of edema as a key pathogenic mechanism in SARS-CoV-2 triggered pulmonary lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Allnoch
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (L.A.); (G.B.); (E.L.); (K.B.); (F.-J.K.); (V.H.)
| | - Georg Beythien
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (L.A.); (G.B.); (E.L.); (K.B.); (F.-J.K.); (V.H.)
| | - Eva Leitzen
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (L.A.); (G.B.); (E.L.); (K.B.); (F.-J.K.); (V.H.)
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (L.A.); (G.B.); (E.L.); (K.B.); (F.-J.K.); (V.H.)
| | - Franz-Josef Kaup
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (L.A.); (G.B.); (E.L.); (K.B.); (F.-J.K.); (V.H.)
| | - Stephanie Stanelle-Bertram
- Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.-B.); (B.S.); (N.M.K.); (S.B.); (M.Z.); (G.G.)
| | - Berfin Schaumburg
- Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.-B.); (B.S.); (N.M.K.); (S.B.); (M.Z.); (G.G.)
| | - Nancy Mounogou Kouassi
- Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.-B.); (B.S.); (N.M.K.); (S.B.); (M.Z.); (G.G.)
| | - Sebastian Beck
- Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.-B.); (B.S.); (N.M.K.); (S.B.); (M.Z.); (G.G.)
| | - Martin Zickler
- Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.-B.); (B.S.); (N.M.K.); (S.B.); (M.Z.); (G.G.)
| | - Vanessa Herder
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (L.A.); (G.B.); (E.L.); (K.B.); (F.-J.K.); (V.H.)
| | - Gülsah Gabriel
- Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.-B.); (B.S.); (N.M.K.); (S.B.); (M.Z.); (G.G.)
- Institute for Virology, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (L.A.); (G.B.); (E.L.); (K.B.); (F.-J.K.); (V.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8620
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8
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Yadav E, Yadav N, Hus A, Yadav JS. Aquaporins in lung health and disease: Emerging roles, regulation, and clinical implications. Respir Med 2020; 174:106193. [PMID: 33096317 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) aka water channels are a family of conserved transmembrane proteins (~30 kDa monomers) expressed in various organ systems. Of the 13 AQPs (AQP0 through AQP12) in the human body, four (AQPs 1, 3, 4, and 5) are expressed in the respiratory system. These channels are conventionally known for mediating transcellular fluid movements. Certain AQPs (aquaglyceroporins) have the capability to transport glycerol and potentially other solutes. There is an emerging body of literature unveiling the non-conventional roles of AQPs such as in cell proliferation and migration, gas permeation, signal potentiation, etc. Initial gene knock-out studies established a physiological role for lung AQPs, particularly AQP5, in maintaining homeostasis, by mediating fluid secretion from submucosal glands onto the airway surface liquid (ASL) lining. Subsequent studies have highlighted the functional significance of AQPs, particularly AQP1 and AQP5 in lung pathophysiology and diseases, including but not limited to chronic and acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), other inflammatory lung conditions, and lung cancer. AQP1 has been suggested as a potential prognostic marker for malignant mesothelioma. Recent efforts are directed toward exploiting AQPs as targets for diagnosis, prevention, intervention, and/or treatment of various lung conditions. Emerging information on regulatory pathways and directed mechanistic research are posited to unravel novel strategies for these clinical implications. Future considerations should focus on development of AQP inhibitors, blockers, and modulators for therapeutic needs, and better understanding the role of lung-specific AQPs in inter-individual susceptibility to chronic lung diseases such as COPD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Yadav
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Niket Yadav
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0738, USA
| | - Ariel Hus
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA
| | - Jagjit S Yadav
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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9
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Yamashita T, Asano Y, Saigusa R, Taniguchi T, Nakamura K, Miura S, Toyama T, Takahashi T, Ichimura Y, Hirabayashi M, Yoshizaki A, Miyagaki T, Sugaya M, Sato S. Increased expression of aquaporin-1 in dermal fibroblasts and dermal microvascular endothelial cells possibly contributes to skin fibrosis and edema in patients with systemic sclerosis. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 93:24-32. [PMID: 30270117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporin-1 (AQP1), a water channel protein controlling the water contents of cells and tissues, exerts pleiotropic effects on various biological activities, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling, by regulating cell behaviors and tissue water balance. OBJECTIVE To investigate AQP1 roles in systemic sclerosis (SSc) which is characterized by autoimmune inflammation, vasculopathy, and tissue fibrosis. METHODS AQP1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription PCR in skin samples from human and animal models and by immunoblotting in cultured cells. Fli1 binding to the AQP1 promoter was evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Cell migration was assessed by scratch assay. RESULTS Dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells highly expressed AQP1 in SSc lesional skin, and AQP1 expression in dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells positively correlated with the degrees of tissue fibrosis and edema, respectively. Consistently, SSc dermal fibroblasts up-regulated AQP1 compared with normal dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Furthermore, TGF-β stimulation induced AQP1 expression in normal dermal fibroblasts, while TGF-β1 antisense oligonucleotide suppressed AQP1 expression in SSc dermal fibroblasts. In endothelial cells, Fli1 deficiency resulted in AQP1 up-regulation in vivo and in vitro and Fli1 bound to the AQP1 promoter. Importantly, SSc dermal fibroblasts and FLI1 siRNA-treated endothelial cells had a pro-migratory property, which was remarkably diminished by gene silencing of AQP1. CONCLUSION AQP1 is up-regulated in SSc dermal fibroblasts and SSc endothelial cells at least partially due to autocrine TGF-β stimulation and Fli1 deficiency, respectively, possibly contributing to inflammation, vasculopathy, and tissue fibrosis by regulating tissue edema and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Saigusa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kouki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Toyama
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takehiro Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yohei Ichimura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Megumi Hirabayashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyagaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugaya
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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10
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Galán-Cobo A, Arellano-Orden E, Sánchez Silva R, López-Campos JL, Gutiérrez Rivera C, Gómez Izquierdo L, Suárez-Luna N, Molina-Molina M, Rodríguez Portal JA, Echevarría M. The Expression of AQP1 IS Modified in Lung of Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Addressing a Possible New Target. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:43. [PMID: 29774214 PMCID: PMC5943501 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process (EMT) by which alveolar cells in human lung tissue undergo differentiation giving rise to a mesenchymal phenotype (fibroblast/miofibroblasts) has been well recognized as a key element in the origin of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here we analyzed expression of AQP1 in lung biopsies of patients diagnosed with IPF, and compared it to biopsies derived from patients with diverse lung pneumonies, such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis, sarcoidosis or normal lungs. Immunostaining for AQP1 showed a clear increment of AQP1 localized in the alveolar epithelium in biopsies from IPF patients alone. Moreover, to examine the possible participation of AQP1 in the pathophysiology of IPF, we evaluated its role in the pro-fibrotic transformation induced by transforming growth factor (TGF-β) in vitro. Human alveolar epithelial cells (A549), and fibroblasts derived from an IPF patient (LL29), or fibroblasts from healthy normal lung tissue (MRC-5), were treated with TGF-β, and levels of expression of AQP1, as well as those of E-cadherin, vimentin, α-SMA and collagen were analyzed by RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. An increase of AQP1 mRNA and protein after TGF-β treatment (4–72h) was observed either in A549 or IPF fibroblast-LL29 but not in MRC-5 fibroblasts. A gradual reduction of E-cadherin, and increased expression of vimentin, with no changes in α-SMA levels were observed in A549. Whereas in LL29 and MRC-5, TGF-β1 elicited a large production of collagen and α-SMA that was significantly greater in IPF fibroblast-LL29. Changes observed are consistent with activation of EMT by TGF-β, but whether modifications in AQP1 expression are responsible or independent events occurring at the same time is still unknown. Our results suggest that AQP1 plays a role in the pro-fibrotic TGF-β action and contributes to the etiology and pathophysiology of IPF. Understanding AQP1's role will help us comprehend the fate of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Galán-Cobo
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Arellano-Orden
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Sánchez Silva
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Campos
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - César Gutiérrez Rivera
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Nela Suárez-Luna
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Molina-Molina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratorio de Neumologia Experimental, Servicio de Neumologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A Rodríguez Portal
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miriam Echevarría
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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11
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Ge H, Zhu H, Xu N, Zhang D, Ou J, Wang G, Fang X, Zhou J, Song Y, Bai C. Increased Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Aquaporin 1-Null Mice Is Mediated via Decreased Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2α Stability. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 54:882-91. [PMID: 26649797 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0363oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) 1, a water channel protein expressed widely in vascular endothelia, has been shown to regulate cell migration, angiogenesis, and organ regeneration. Even though its role in the pathogenesis of lung ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury has been defined, the functional role of AQP1 during long-term IR resolution remains to be clarified. Here, we found that AQP1 expression was increased at late time points (7-14 d) after IR and colocalized with endothelial cell (EC) marker CD31. Compared with IR in wild-type mice, IR in Aqp1(-/-) mice had significantly enhanced leukocyte infiltration, collagen deposition, and microvascular permeability, as well as inhibited angiogenic factor expression. AQP1 knockdown repressed hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α protein stability. HIF-2α overexpression rescued the angiogenic factor expression in pulmonary microvascular ECs with AQP1 knockdown exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation. Furthermore, AQP1 knockdown suppressed cellular viability and capillary tube formation, and enhanced permeability in pulmonary microvascular ECs, which were partly rescued by HIF-2α overexpression. Thus, this study demonstrates that AQP1 deficiency delays long-term IR resolution, partly through repressing angiogenesis mediated by destabilizing HIF-2α. These results suggest that AQP1 participates in long-term IR resolution, at least in part by promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ge
- 1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Huadong Hospital, and.,2 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Zhu
- 1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Huadong Hospital, and
| | - Nuo Xu
- 2 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- 2 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxian Ou
- 2 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guifang Wang
- 2 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaocong Fang
- 2 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- 2 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- 2 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxue Bai
- 2 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Piñeiro-Hermida S, López IP, Alfaro-Arnedo E, Torrens R, Iñiguez M, Alvarez-Erviti L, Ruíz-Martínez C, Pichel JG. IGF1R deficiency attenuates acute inflammatory response in a bleomycin-induced lung injury mouse model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4290. [PMID: 28655914 PMCID: PMC5487362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IGF1R (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor) is a tyrosine kinase with pleiotropic cellular functions. IGF activity maintains human lung homeostasis and is implicated in pulmonary diseases such as cancer, ARDS, COPD, asthma and fibrosis. Here we report that lung transcriptome analysis in mice with a postnatally-induced Igf1r gene deletion showed differentially expressed genes with potentially protective roles related to epigenetics, redox and oxidative stress. After bleomycin-induced lung injury, IGF1R-deficient mice demonstrated improved survival within a week. Three days post injury, IGF1R-deficient lungs displayed changes in expression of IGF system-related genes and reduced vascular fragility and permeability. Mutant lungs presented reduced inflamed area, down-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers and up-regulation of resolution indicators. Decreased inflammatory cell presence in BALF was reflected in diminished lung infiltration mainly affecting neutrophils, also corroborated by reduced neutrophil numbers in bone marrow, as well as reduced lymphocyte and alveolar macrophage counts. Additionally, increased SFTPC expression together with hindered HIF1A expression and augmented levels of Gpx8 indicate that IGF1R deficiency protects against alveolar damage. These findings identify IGF1R as an important player in murine acute lung inflammation, suggesting that targeting IGF1R may counteract the inflammatory component of many lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Icíar P López
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Elvira Alfaro-Arnedo
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Raquel Torrens
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - María Iñiguez
- Genomics Core Facility, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Lydia Alvarez-Erviti
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - José G Pichel
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain.
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13
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Hao X, Wang H, Liu W, Liu S, Peng Z, Sun Y, Zhao J, Jiang Q, Liu H. Enhanced expression levels of aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-4 in A549 cells exposed to silicon dioxide. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2101-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Jiang S, Wang Z, Ouyang H, Liu Z, Li L, Shi Y. Aberrant expression of cytokine interleukin 9 along with interleukin 4 and interferon γ in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: association with severity of pulmonary fibrosis. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:101-6. [PMID: 26925124 PMCID: PMC4754357 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.47877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Connective tissues diseases (CTDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that share certain clinical characteristics and disturbed immunoregulation. Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), also known as diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, are among the most serious pulmonary complications associated with CTDs. Interleukin 9 (IL-9), IL-4 and interferon γ (IFN-γ) - cytokines with important roles in autoimmune disease - were studied in CTD patients and CTD-ILD patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-one hospitalized untreated CTD patients were recruited, and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. The 61 CTD patients were divided into a simple CTD group and a CTD-ILD group, and the plasma protein IL-9, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The results indicate that the serum IL-9 levels were significantly higher in CTD-ILD and simple CTD patients than they were in healthy controls (each p < 0.05) and that the levels were elevated in CTD-ILD patients compared with simple CTD patients (p < 0.05). The IL-4 levels were higher in CTD-ILD patients than they were in the simple CTD patients (p < 0.05) and healthy controls (p < 0.01). In addition, the serum IL-9 levels were negatively correlated with the level of IFN-γ (r (2) = 0.34, p = 0.01), the estimated percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%) (r (2) = 0.36, p = 0.00) and the estimated percentage of predicted diffusing capacity (DLCO%) (r (2) = 0.27, p = 0.04) and were positively correlated with the IL-4 level (r (2) = 0.31, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Interleukin-9 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CTD and may contribute to the progression of interstitial lung injury in CTD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Han Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Zhichun Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Yongbing Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
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Rysz J, Gluba-Brzózka A, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Fibroblast growth factor 19-targeted therapies for the treatment of metabolic disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:603-10. [PMID: 25604607 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1006357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) belong to the FGF superfamily with diverse biological functions, including proliferation, cellular differentiation, wound repair, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. The ability to reduce liver fat content and concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol and plasma glucose, and to improve sensitivity and limit pro-lipogenic properties of insulin, makes FGF19 a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. FGF19 regulates bile acid biosynthesis in the bile duct, glucose metabolism and vitamin D and phosphate homeostasis, raises the metabolic rate, reduces body weight, and ameliorates diabetes in mice. The therapeutic potential of FGF19 to treat metabolic disorders has been widely studied in animal models, but currently there are no reports concerning its use in humans. AREAS COVERED The following article highlights the metabolic effects and mechanism of action of FGF19. It also discusses the potential therapies that target FGF19. EXPERT OPINION FGF19 is emerging as a new target for the therapy of metabolic disorders, including diabetes. The results obtained from animal models are promising. However, there is still much to be done before the translation of these effects into practice will be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rysz
- WAM University Hospital of Lodz, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine , Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz , Poland +48 42 639 37 50 ; +48 42 639 37 50 ;
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