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Mejuto G, Gómez-Carmona CD, Gracia J, Rico-González M. Surfing Time-Motion Characteristics Possible to Gain Using Global Navigation Satellite Systems: A Systematic Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3455. [PMID: 38894246 PMCID: PMC11174645 DOI: 10.3390/s24113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The popularity of surfing has increased exponentially, reaching its recent debut in the Olympic Games. However, surfing suffers from a relative immature technological market, while in other sports some technologies such as global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) have become an essential work material for strength and conditioning and head coaches. This article aims to systematically review surfers' time-motion demands based on GNSSs. A systematic review of relevant articles was carried out using five main databases (PubMed, ProQuest Central, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, and FECYT (Web of Sciences, CCC, CIDW, KJD, MEDLINE, RSCI, and SCIELO)) until 23 March 2024. From the 238 studies initially found, 9 were included in the qualitative synthesis. In these, GNSS devices were employed with male (n = 143) and female (n = 28) surfers from different levels during competition and training situations. The studies show that the intermittent nature of the sport is evident, with substantial periods spent paddling and waiting punctuated by relatively brief high-intensity efforts when riding waves at high speeds. Notable differences emerged between competition and training demands, suggesting potential mismatches in how athletes currently prepare compared to event requirements. These novel insights allow quantifying surfing's harsh physiological requirements and could guide conditioning practices to better meet the sport's unique characteristics across populations. Therefore, training should emulate the lengthy aerobic capabilities needed for the paddling volumes observed, while also targeting the anaerobic systems to meet the repeated high-intensity surf riding efforts. However, inconsistencies in methods and reporting practices limit direct comparisons and comprehensive profiling of the sport's physical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaizka Mejuto
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Carlos David Gómez-Carmona
- Biovetmed & Sportsci Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group, Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Jokin Gracia
- Department of Strength and Conditioning, Athletic Club of Bilbao, 48196 Bilbao, Spain;
| | - Markel Rico-González
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biovetmed & Sportsci Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
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Hodder RW, Hopkins WG, Ball KA, Bahnisch J, Serpiello FR. Exploration of collective tactical variables in elite netball: An analysis of team and sub-group positioning behaviours. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295787. [PMID: 38408062 PMCID: PMC10896551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Collective tactical behaviours are aspects of player interactions that are particularly important in netball, due to its unique restrictions on player movement (players unable to move when in possession of the ball and positional spatial restrictions). The aim of this study was to explore variables representing collective tactical behaviours in netball. A local positioning system provided player positions of one team throughout seven elite-level netball matches. The positions were analysed to provide mean, variability (standard deviation) and irregularity (normalised approximate entropy) for each attack and defence possession (470 and 423, respectively) for the team and positional subgroups (forwards, midcourts and defenders) for 10 position-related variables. Correlational analyses showed collective tactical variables could be grouped as lateral and longitudinal dispersion variables. The variables were each analysed after log transformation with a linear mixed model to compare attack and defence and to estimate standardised effects on attack and defence of possession outcome, possession duration, score difference, match time, opposition strength and season time. During attack, the team and all sub-groups adopted greater lateral dispersion between players, while on defence there was generally greater longitudinal dispersion. The team also showed increased longitudinal dispersion when home and opposition possessions ended in a score. Additionally, greater irregularity was observed in active sub-groups (forwards on attack, defenders on defence). Score difference and opposition strength had trivial-small but generally unclear effects. In conclusion, these effects show that analysis of player positions on attack and defence is a promising avenue for coaches and analysts to modify collective tactical behaviours in netball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Hodder
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Will G Hopkins
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin A Ball
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Fabio R Serpiello
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Spyrou K, Ribeiro JN, Ferraz A, Alcaraz PE, Freitas TT, Travassos B. Interpreting match performance in elite futsal: considerations for normalizing variables using effective time. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1256424. [PMID: 37731478 PMCID: PMC10507323 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1256424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the physical and individual technical-tactical performance of elite futsal players. Methods Thirteen National Team futsal players (27.4 ± 4.7 years, 70.3 ± 7.6 kg, 176.3 ± 5.5 cm) competed in 15 official matches in three distinct competitions. Session rate of perceived exertion (sRPE) and player load (PL) were measured for assessing physical internal and external load, respectively. Individual tactical actions were analyzed using Instat Scout®, considering variables such as fouls, shots, shots on target, goals, successful dribbles, passes, successful passes, ball losses, ball recoveries, and challenges won. Results The cluster analysis classified the players into two groups: "high-involvement" (HIGH) and "low-involvement" (LOW), based on their average effective playing time, sRPE, and PL. A linear mixed model was used to examine the differences in external and internal load and technical-tactical variables between the two groups, accounting for individual repeated measures. Considering absolute values, HIGH players presented higher sRPE, RPE, total PL, shots, goals, passes, successful passes, ball losses and recoveries, and challenges won (p = 0.001-0.039; ES = 0.43-2.48), when compared to their LOW counterparts. However, when analyzed relative to effective time, LOW players reached higher total PL and shots per minute (p = 0.001-0.012; ES = 0.39-0.93) when compared to HIGH players. Non-significant differences were found for the rest of the variables. Discussion In summary, these results emphasize the importance of normalizing internal and external load variables and technical-tactical performance variables per effective playing time in futsal. The current findings indicate that players with lower involvement can present the same or even higher physical and technical-tactical performance compared to teammates with more playing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Spyrou
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Strength and Conditioning Society, Murcia, Spain
| | - João Nuno Ribeiro
- Research Center in Sports Science, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - António Ferraz
- Research Center in Sports Science, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- CIFD, Sports Research and Training Center, Jean Piaget University of Angola, Luanda, Angola
| | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Strength and Conditioning Society, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tomás T. Freitas
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Strength and Conditioning Society, Murcia, Spain
- NAR Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Research Center in Sports Science, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Lisbon, Portugal
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A novel application of entropy analysis for assessing changes in movement variability during cumulative tackles in young elite rugby league players. Biol Sport 2023; 40:161-170. [PMID: 36636175 PMCID: PMC9806745 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2023.112965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify between-position (forwards vs. backs) differences in movement variability in cumulative tackle events training during both attacking and defensive roles. Eleven elite adolescent male rugby league players volunteered to participate in this study (mean ± SD, age; 18.5 ± 0.5 years, height; 179.5 ± 5.0 cm, body mass; 88.3 ± 13.0 kg). Participants performed a drill encompassing four blocks of six tackling (i.e. tackling an opponent) and six tackled (i.e. being tackled by an opponent while carrying a ball) events (i.e. 48 total tackles) while wearing a micro-technological inertial measurement unit (WIMU, Realtrack Systems, Spain). The acceleration data were used to calculate sample entropy (SampEn) to analyse the movement variability during tackles performance. In tackling actions SampEn showed significant between-position differences in block 1 (p = 0.0001) and block 2 (p = 0.0003). Significant between-block differences were observed in backs (block 1 vs 3, p = 0,0021; and block 1 vs 4, p = 0,0001) but not in forwards. When being tackled, SampEn showed significant between-position differences in block 1 (p = 0.0007) and block 3 (p = 0.0118). Significant between-block differences were only observed for backs in block 1 vs 4 (p = 0,0025). Movement variability shows a progressive reduction with cumulative tackle events, especially in backs and when in the defensive role (tackling). Forwards present lower movement variability values in all blocks, particularly in the first block, both in the attacking and defensive role. Entropy measures can be used by practitioners as an alternative tool to analyse the temporal structure of variability of tackle actions and quantify the load of these actions according to playing position.
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Match Analysis in Team Ball Sports: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:66. [PMID: 35553279 PMCID: PMC9100301 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Match analysis has evolved exponentially over the past decades in team sports resulting in a significant number of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses. An umbrella review of the available literature is needed to provide an integrated overview of current knowledge and contribute to more robust theoretical explanations of team performance.
Methods
The Web of Science (all databases), PubMed, Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched for relevant publications prior to 19 February 2021. Appraisal of the methodological quality of included articles was undertaken using the tool for Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2). Twenty-four studies were reviewed that met the following criteria: (1) contained relevant data from match analyses in team ball sports; (2) were defined as systematic reviews or/and meta-analyses; and (3) were written in the English language.
Results
The overall methodological quality of the 24 included reviews, obtained through the AMSTAR-2, revealed very low confidence ratings (Critically Low, n = 12) for the results of most systematic reviews of match analyses in team ball sports. Additionally, the results showed that research is focused mainly on four levels of analysis: (1) dyadic (microlevel); (2) individual (molecular level; predominant); (3) group (mesolevel), and (4) team dynamics (macrolevel). These levels of analysis included tactical, technical, physical, and psychosocial variables. Team performance was contextualized at two levels, with reference to: (1) match context (e.g. match status, match location, match period, quality of opposition) and (2) sociodemographic and environmental constraints (sex, age groups, competitive level, altitude, temperature, pitch surface).
Conclusions
The evolution of methods for match analysis in team ball sports indicates that: (1) an individual-level performance analysis was predominant; (2) the focus on intermediate levels of analysis, observing performance in dyadic and group interactions, has received less attention from researchers; (3) neglected areas of research include psychosocial aspects of team sports and women’s performance; and (4) analyses of match contexts need greater depth.
Registration: The protocol was registered in the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols with the number 202080067 and the DOI number https://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.8.0067.
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Rico-González M, Illa J, Nakamura FY, Pino-Ortega J. Reducing Big Data to Principal Components for Position-Specific Futsal Training. Percept Mot Skills 2022; 129:1546-1562. [PMID: 35830493 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since training/competition loads must be quickly assessed and interpreted to inform exercise prescription, big data should be simplified through multivariate data analysis. Our aim in the present research was to highlight which variables from big data analyses provided the most relevant information for describing the behavior of top-level futsal players in their different playing positions (i.e., goalkeeper, defenders, wingers, and forwards). We collected data from four top-level Spanish teams that participated in the final rounds of a national tournament. Through principal component analysis (PCA) we grouped 6-9 variables in 3-4 PCs that explained 62-81% of total variance, depending on playing positions. The most relevant variables explaining goalkeepers' performance were accelerations per minute, maximum acceleration (m/s2), 5-8 impacts per minute, and < 3 takeoffs per minute. Defenders' behavior was best explained by absolute distance covered from 6-12 km/h (m/min) and from 18-21 km/h (m/min), from 5-8 landings per minute, and > 8 landings per minute. Wingers' and pivots' performances were mainly explained by accelerations and decelerations, together with a high level of aerobic endurance (especially for wingers). These findings allow for individualized training and game analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markel Rico-González
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.,BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research group, Department of Physical activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia
| | - Jordi Illa
- Sports Performance Area, 523641Fútbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabio Yuzo Nakamura
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research group, Department of Physical activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia.,Faculty of Sports Sciences, 567872University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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External match load and the influence of contextual factors in elite futsal. Biol Sport 2022; 39:349-354. [PMID: 35309533 PMCID: PMC8919891 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.105332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying external load during futsal competition can provide objective data for the management of the athlete’s performance and late-stage rehabilitation. This study aimed to report the match external load collected via wearable technology according to time periods (i.e., halves) and contextual factors (i.e., team’s ranking, match result, and location) in elite futsal. Nine professional male players used a GPS-accelerometer unit during all games of the 2019–2020 season. Player load (PL), PL·min-1, high-intensity acceleration (ACCHI), deceleration (DECHI), explosive movements (EXPL-MOV), and change of direction (CODHI) data were collected. On average, players displayed values of: total PL 3868 ± 594 a.u; PL·min-1: 10.8 ± 0.8 a.u; number of ACCHI: 73.3 ± 13.8, DECHI: 68.6 ± 18.8, EXPL-MOV: 1165 ± 188 and CODHI: 173 ± 29.1. A moderate and significant decrease was found in the 2nd half for total PL (p = 0.03; ES = 0.52), PL·min-1 (p = 0.001; ES = 1.16), DECHI (p = 0.001; ES = 0.83), and EXPL-MOV (p = 0.017; ES = 0.58) compared to the 1st half. Small and nonsignificant differences were found between contextual factors. In summary, this study indicates that futsal players are exposed to high-intensity mechanical external loads, and perform a great number of ACCHI, DECHI, EXPL-MOV and CODHI, without being influenced by the team ranking, result and match location. Coaches and sports scientists are advised to implement speed-power, DEC, and COD activities in the training sessions, and may use these reference values to design specific training and return-to-play plans.
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Reference values for collective tactical behaviours based on positional data in professional football matches: a systematic review. Biol Sport 2022; 39:110-114. [PMID: 35173369 PMCID: PMC8805357 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Match collective tactical behaviours can be used as a reference to design and select training strategies to improve individual and team performance in professional football. The aim of the systematic review was to cluster the collective tactical variables used to highlight and compare male soccer teams’ collective behaviour during professional official matches, providing reference values for each of them. A systematic review of relevant articles was carried out using three electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTdiscus and Web of Science). From a total of 1,187 studies initially found, 13 original articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. The articles found concerned studies carried out on the Spanish, Portuguese, English and Brazilian 1st divisions and during the European UEFA Champions League. The team length and width ranged from 31 to 46 m and from 35 to 48 m, respectively. The distance from a defending team’s goalkeeper to the nearest teammate ranged from 9 ± 6 to 30 ± 7 m, the goal line-recovery location from 27 to 37 m, and the opponent’s goal line from 42 to 50 m. The stretch index ranged from 7 to 16 m. Mean team area was ~900 m2 and the area of the pitch which included all outfield players divided by the 20 outfield players ranged from 79 ± 15 to 94 ± 16 m2. All studies provided greater distance and area values during the team-possession phase in comparison to the non-possession one. The ball location on the pitch determined the collective tactical behaviour of the teams. The differences between halves in the distance and area values were contradictory. Further studies should assess the effect of the interaction between the contextual factors on the collective tactical behaviour to obtain more accurate references. This could help football coaches in the design of suitable training tasks to optimize tactical performance.
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The diagonal positioning of the goals modifies the external training load and the tactical behaviour of young football players. Biol Sport 2022; 39:135-144. [PMID: 35173372 PMCID: PMC8805358 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify how positioning the goals in diagonal configurations on the pitch modifies the external training load and the tactical behaviour of young football players during small-sided games. Four teams of five outfield players and a goalkeeper played six small-sided games of five minutes’ duration in three different scenarios: 1) Control: goals placed one in front of the other; 2) Right diagonal goals: goals placed in the right-hand corner of the offensive half-pitch; and 3) Left diagonal goals: goals placed in the left-hand corner of the offensive half-pitch. The positioning-derived data from each player were collected with 10-Hz GPS units and were used to compute external load and tactical variables. Regarding the external load variables, differences were mainly focused on distance covered while walking in defence and game pace (variability), with higher values for the diagonal scenarios. Also, the length/width ratios in offence and defence were most likely lower in diagonal scenarios. In conclusion, the results showed that players’ adaptations to the environmental constraints of positioning the goals diagonally were the enhancement of the width team variable and the variability of the length.
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Pino-Ortega J, Los Arcos A, Gantois P, Clemente FM, Nakamura FY, Rico-González M. The Influence of Antenna Height on the Measurement of Collective Variables Using an Ultra-Wide Band Based Local Positioning System in Team Sports. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2424. [PMID: 33915959 PMCID: PMC8036788 DOI: 10.3390/s21072424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-wide band (UWB) based local positioning systems (LPS) are based on devices and a portable antenna set. The optimal installation height of the antennae is crucial to ensure data accuracy. Collective variables are metrics that consider at least two pairs of coordinates, which may lead to lower precision than an individual one. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the influence of antenna height with collective metrics using a UWB (i.e., IMU; WIMU PRO™, RealTrack Systems, Almeria, Spain) based LPS. Data acquisition was carried out in a basketball court measuring 28 × 15 m. Five devices were used; one of which was carried by a healthy and well-trained athlete (age: 38 years, mass: 76.34 kg, height 1.70 m), while each of the remaining four was positioned on a tripod in one of the four corners of the court. Four kinds of variables were extracted: (1) static distances, (2) dynamic distances, (3) static areas and (4) dynamic areas in all antenna installation modes of 0.15, 1.30 and 2.00 m. The results showed that the antenna of 1.30 m provided better accuracy for all measures (% difference range from -0.94 to 1.17%) followed by the antenna of 2.00 m (% difference range from -2.50 to 2.15%), with the antenna of 0.15 m providing the worst accuracy level (% difference range from -1.05 to 3.28%). Overall, the measurements of distance metrics showed greater accuracy than area metrics (distance % difference range from -0.85 to 2.81% and area % difference range from -2.50 to 3.28). In conclusion, the height of the antennae in basketball courts should be similar to the height at which the devices are attached to a player's upper back. However, as the precision is sensitive to the magnitude of the measure, further studies should assess the effects of the relative height of antennae in team sports with greater playing spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pino-Ortega
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Asier Los Arcos
- Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Petrus Gantois
- Associate Graduate Programme in Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900, Brazil; (P.G.); (F.Y.N.)
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fabio Yuzo Nakamura
- Associate Graduate Programme in Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900, Brazil; (P.G.); (F.Y.N.)
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
| | - Markel Rico-González
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Rico-González M, Pino-Ortega J, Rojas-Valverde D, Arcos AL. Comparing Sampling Frequencies to Measure Collective Tactical Variables During Soccer Training. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 36:2862-2867. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Accuracy and Reliability of Local Positioning Systems for Measuring Sport Movement Patterns in Stadium-Scale: A Systematic Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10175994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of valid, accurate and reliable systems is decisive for ensuring the data collection and correct interpretation of the values. Several studies have reviewed these aspects on the measurement of movement patterns by high-definition cameras (VID) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) but not by Local Positioning Systems (LPS). Thus, the aim of the review was to summarize the evidence about the validity and reliability of LPS technology to measure movement patterns at human level in outdoor and indoor stadium-scale. The authors systematically searched three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus) to extract studies published before 21 October 2019. A Boolean search phrase was created to include sport (population; 8 keywords), search terms relevant to intervention technology (intervention technology; 6 keywords) and measure outcomes of the technology (outcomes; 7 keywords). From the 62 articles found, 16 were included in the qualitative synthesis. This systematic review revealed that the tested LPS systems proved to be valid and accurate in determining the position and estimating distances and speeds, although they were not valid or their accuracy decreased when measuring instantaneous speed, peak accelerations or decelerations or monitoring particular conditions (e.g., changes of direction, turns). Considering the variability levels, the included studies showed that LPS provide a reliable way to measure distance variables and athletes’ average speed.
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