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Multhuaptff W, Fernández-Peña E, Moreno-Villanueva A, Soler-López A, Rico-González M, Manuel Clemente F, Bravo-Cucci S, Pino-Ortega J. Concurrent-Validity and Reliability of Photocells in Sport: A Systematic Review. J Hum Kinet 2024; 92:53-71. [PMID: 38736609 PMCID: PMC11079923 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/174285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Specific physical qualities such as sprint running, change-of-direction or jump height are determinants of sports performance. Photocell systems are practical and easy to use systems to assess the time from point A to point B. In addition, these photoelectric systems are also used to obtain the time of vertically displaced movements. Knowing the accuracy and precision of photocell timing can be a determinant of ensuring a higher quality interpretation of results and of selecting the most appropriate devices for specific objectives. This systematic review aimed to identify and summarize studies that have examined the validity and reliability of photocells in sport sciences. A systematic review of PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. From the 164 studies initially identified, 16 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures were extracted and analyzed. Photocells appear to have a strong agreement with force plates (gold standard), but are not interchangeable to measure the vertical jump. For monitoring horizontal displacement, double beam systems, compared to single beam systems, are more valid and reliable when it comes to avoiding false triggers caused by swinging arms or legs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilhelmn Multhuaptff
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas – UPC, Lima, Perú
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Eneko Fernández-Peña
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Adrián Moreno-Villanueva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Isabel I University, Burgos, Spain
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - Alejandro Soler-López
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - Markel Rico-González
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sergio Bravo-Cucci
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas – UPC, Lima, Perú
- School of Rehabilitation Therapies, Faculty of Medical Technology, Federico Villarreal National University, Lima, Peru
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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Marzano-Felisatti JM, De Lucca L, Guzmán Luján JF, Priego-Quesada JI, Pino-Ortega J. A Preliminary Investigation about the Influence of WIMU PRO TM Location on Heart Rate Accuracy: A Comparative Study in Cycle Ergometer. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:988. [PMID: 38339705 PMCID: PMC10857324 DOI: 10.3390/s24030988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Technological development has boosted the use of multi-sensor devices to monitor athletes' performance, but the location and connectivity between devices have been shown to affect data reliability. This preliminary study aimed to determine whether the placement of a multi-sensor device (WIMU PROTM) could affect the heart rate signal reception (GARMINTM chest strap) and, therefore, data accuracy. Thirty-two physical education students (20 men and 12 women) performed 20 min of exercise in a cycle ergometer based on the warm-up of the Function Threshold Power 20 test in laboratory conditions, carrying two WIMU PROTM devices (Back: inter-scapula; Bicycle: bicycle's handlebar-20 cm from the chest) and two GARMINTM chest straps. A one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping test found full agreement between the two situations (inter-scapula vs. bicycle's handlebar). Excellent intra-class correlation values were obtained during the warm-up (ICC = 0.99, [1.00-1.00], p < 0.001), the time trial test (ICC = 0.99, [1.00-1.00], p < 0.001) and the cool-down (ICC = 0.99, [1.00-1.00], p < 0.001). The Bland-Altman plots confirmed the total agreement with a bias value of 0.00 ± 0.1 bpm. The interscapular back placement of the WIMU PROTM device does not affect heart rate measurement accuracy with a GARMINTM chest strap during cycling exercise in laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Martín Marzano-Felisatti
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Leonardo De Lucca
- Laboratory of Human Performance Research, Centre of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Santa Catarina State, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil;
| | - José Francisco Guzmán Luján
- Research Group in Sports Technique and Tactics (GITTE), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Priego-Quesada
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Biovetmed & Sportsci Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain;
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Pino-Ortega J, Bastida-Castillo A, Gómez-Carmona CD, Rico-González M. Validity and reliability of an eight antennae ultra-wideband local positioning system to measure performance in an indoor environment. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:145-155. [PMID: 33208034 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1830162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Validity and reliability have become crucial factors in tracking player load and positioning. One of the most important parameters to guarantee accurate measurements with radiofrequency systems is the number of reference nodes used to calculate player position. However, the accuracy of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology has only been analysed with 6 antennae. So, the purpose of the present study was to analyse the accuracy and inter-unit reliability of an UWB system with eight antennae. Three well-trained males covered 18 trajectories for the analysis of x- and y- coordinate accuracy assessment related to the positional variation among eight antennae UWB data and lines on a basketball court. This was achieved using geographical information system mapping software that calculated, for each interval and participant, the distance from the main axis of locomotion and the opposite side of the field every 0.5 s. The results showed that this is a valid system (Mean = 0.03 m; magnitude differences = 0.21% with real measures as reference; %CV <1% in all cases) for measuring locomotion and positioning. Besides, the inter-unit, test-retest and inter-subject analysis did not influence the reliability results. So, an eight antennae UWB system can be considered suitable for locomotion and positioning in an indoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- BioVetMed & SportSci Research Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Department of Music, Plastic, and Body Expression, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Markel Rico-González
- BioVetMed & SportSci Research Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Gonzalez-Artetxe A, Folgado H, Pino-Ortega J, Rico-González M, Arcos AL. Effects of free play or artificial rules on young soccer players' individual tactical behaviour: a one-by-one analysis. Biol Sport 2023; 40:1069-1078. [PMID: 37867749 PMCID: PMC10588582 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2023.124845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of playing freely and introducing artificial rules on individual tactical behaviour during the team-possession game phase in two youth soccer categories. Thirty-two developmental players from U-14 and U-16 teams participated in the study, which consisted of four identical training sessions and two test sessions performed before and after the intervention. Each team was divided into two balanced groups, free-play and conditioned, that faced each other during three eight-a-side games (Gk + 7 vs 7 + Gk) in all training sessions. The free-play groups played freely, while the conditioned ones did so constrained by artificial rules. Individual tactical behaviour was assessed during a non-constrained eight-a-side match by the distance to centroid, spatial exploration index, their entropy measures, and the regularity of each player's displacement on the length and width of the pitch using a local positioning system. In addition to the average outcomes of all the players all together, the one-by-one analysis considered the mean values of each player to appraise individual responses. While the average outcomes of all the players in both groups and categories barely changed (Cohen's d ≤ small), with a very high inter-player variability, the one-by-one analysis revealed that the training intervention affected each player's tactical behaviour differently. Introducing artificial rules decreased and raised considerably (Cohen's d ≥ moderate) in-width and exploratory regularities of most U-14 and U-16 players, respectively. Therefore, assessing the training effects of game-based interventions from the individual to the whole team may provide unique and meaningful insight regarding the tactical competence of each player.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Gonzalez-Artetxe
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Hugo Folgado
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CRHC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed&SportSci Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
| | - Markel Rico-González
- BioVetMed&SportSci Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Musical, Visual Arts and Physical Education Didactics, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Asier Los Arcos
- Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain
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Gantois P, Piqueras-Sanchiz F, Cid MJFA, Pino-Ortega J, Castillo D, Nakamura FY. The effects of different small-sided games configurations on heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and running demands in professional soccer players. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:1214-1222. [PMID: 35723596 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2092427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of different small-sided games (SSG) configurations on heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and running demands in soccer players. Twelve male soccer players (U18) participated in this randomized cross-over study. Players performed three SSG in different "fixed" and "dynamic" pitch sizes (3v3 in large (SSGL) and small (SSGS) fixed area; or 3v3 in dynamic dimensions [SSGD]), with 4x4 minutes interspersed by 2 minutes of rest. HR measures (maximum [HRmax], average [HRavg], and percentage of maximum [%HRmax]), RPE, and running demands were collected across the SGG sessions. The following running activities were recorded: total distance covered (TD), distance covered (DC) at 6-12 km·h-1, ≥ 12-18 km·h-1, and >18 km·h-1, peak running speed, acceleration (ACC) and deceleration (DEC) at 1-2 m·s-2 and 2-3 m·s-2, player load, and high metabolic load distance (HMLD). SSGL displayed higher HRavg, %HRmax, and RPE values than SSGS (p < 0.05). SSGL resulted in higher TD, DC at 6-12 km·h-1, ≥ 12-18 km·h-1, > 18 km·h-1, and higher peak speed than SSGS and SSGD (p < 0.05). Moreover, SSGD presented higher TD and DC at 6-12 km·h-1 and ≥ 12-18 km·h-1 than SSGS (p < 0.05). In contrast, SSGD and SSGS showed higher number of ACC and DEC at 1-2 m·s-2 than SSGL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the pitch size and playing area of the SSG can be manipulated to promote desired physiological and physical demands in young soccer players.HighlightsWe examined how fixed (small and large) or variable (dynamic) pitch sizes affected the psychophysiological and running demands of young soccer players during small-sided games.Small-sided games with larger pitch sizes and areas per player elicited greater psychophysiological and running demands than small areas.The pitch size designed in the current study does not appear to affect the number of acceleration and deceleration (> 2 m·s-2).Varying the pitch size during the small-sided games (i.e. dynamic condition) could be an interesting constraint to be considered by soccer coaches in order to enhance task variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Gantois
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Francisco Piqueras-Sanchiz
- Department of Sports and Computers Sciences, Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | | | - José Pino-Ortega
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Faculty of Education, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain
| | - Fábio Yuzo Nakamura
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
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Villarejo-García DH, Moreno-Villanueva A, Soler-López A, Reche-Soto P, Pino-Ortega J. Use, Validity and Reliability of Inertial Movement Units in Volleyball: Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3960. [PMID: 37112300 PMCID: PMC10142445 DOI: 10.3390/s23083960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of inertial devices in sport has become increasingly common. The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of multiple devices for measuring jump height in volleyball. The search was carried out in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and SPORTDiscus) using keywords and Boolean operators. Twenty-one studies were selected that met the established selection criteria. The studies focused on determining the validity and reliability of IMUs (52.38%), on controlling and quantifying external load (28.57%) and on describing differences between playing positions (19.05%). Indoor volleyball was the modality in which IMUs have been used the most. The most evaluated population was elite, adult and senior athletes. The IMUs were used both in training and in competition, evaluating mainly the amount of jump, the height of the jumps and some biomechanical aspects. Criteria and good validity values for jump counting are established. The reliability of the devices and the evidence is contradictory. IMUs are devices used in volleyball to count and measure vertical displacements and/or compare these measurements with the playing position, training or to determine the external load of the athletes. It has good validity measures, although inter-measurement reliability needs to be improved. Further studies are suggested to position IMUs as measuring instruments to analyze jumping and sport performance of players and teams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrián Moreno-Villanueva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Isabel I University, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Soler-López
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.H.V.-G.); (P.R.-S.)
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Reche-Soto
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.H.V.-G.); (P.R.-S.)
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.H.V.-G.); (P.R.-S.)
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Avilés R, Souza DB, Pino-Ortega J, Castellano J. Assessment of a New Change of Direction Detection Algorithm Based on Inertial Data. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3095. [PMID: 36991806 PMCID: PMC10059788 DOI: 10.3390/s23063095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to study the validity and reproducibility of an algorithm capable of combining information from Inertial and Magnetic Measurement Units (IMMUs) to detect changes of direction (COD). Five participants wore three devices at the same time to perform five CODs in three different conditions: angle (45°, 90°, 135° and 180°), direction (left and right), and running speed (13 and 18 km/h). For the testing, the combination of different % of smoothing applied to the signal (20%, 30% and 40%) and minimum intensity peak (PmI) for each event (0.8 G, 0.9 G, and 1.0 G) was applied. The values recorded with the sensors were contrasted with observation and coding from video. At 13 km/h, the combination of 30% smoothing and 0.9 G PmI was the one that showed the most accurate values (IMMU1: Cohen's d (d) = -0.29;%Diff = -4%; IMMU2: d = 0.04 %Diff = 0%, IMMU3: d = -0.27, %Diff = 13%). At 18 km/h, the 40% and 0.9 G combination was the most accurate (IMMU1: d = -0.28; %Diff = -4%; IMMU2 = d = -0.16; %Diff = -1%; IMMU3 = d = -0.26; %Diff = -2%). The results suggest the need to apply specific filters to the algorithm based on speed, in order to accurately detect COD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Avilés
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Diego Brito Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education and Sport, University State of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil;
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Murcia, Argentina 19, 30720 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Julen Castellano
- Research Group GIKAFIT, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Sánchez-Pay A, Pino-Ortega J, Sanz-Rivas D. Influence of Successive Wheelchair Tennis Matches on Handgrip Strength in High-Level Male Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4842. [PMID: 36981750 PMCID: PMC10048815 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on upper strength in high-level male players playing four successive wheelchair tennis (WT) matches. Eight international WT players took part in a competition, playing one match per day over four consecutive tournament days. Before and after the match, the maximal isometric handgrip strength was measured on the dominant and non-dominant hand. Additionally, each player was equipped with one radiofrequency and IMU device on their wheelchair to control his activity profile (distance). The results showed significant differences between successive matches, with decreasing dominant handgrip strength (p = 0.02, η2 = 0.043), and there was a significant interaction between successive matches and the accumulated distance (p = 0.013, η2 = 0.049). The pre- and post-match strength values of the dominant hand decreased throughout the matches over a number of days, and post hoc analysis showed differences between the first and fourth matches only in pre-match strength (49.06 ± 6.96 vs. 45.94 ± 7.1; p = 0.045; ES: 1.04) but not in the non-dominant hand. Successive matches caused a decrease in the strength values of the WT players, mainly in the dominant hand. These results should be taken into account in the recovery and prevention of injuries in competitions with successive matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sánchez-Pay
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain;
| | - David Sanz-Rivas
- Tennis Research Group, Department of Methodology and Professional Specialization in MEDAC, 28037 Madrid, Spain;
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Rojas-Valverde D, Oliva-Lozano JM, Gutierrez-Vargas R, Pino-Ortega J, Muyor JM, Gómez-Carmona CD. The effects of simulated duathlon on multisegment running external and internal load in well-trained triathletes. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2023.2185744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Núcleo de Estudios en Alto Rendimiento y Salud (NARS), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | | | - Randall Gutierrez-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Núcleo de Estudios en Alto Rendimiento y Salud (NARS), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Grupo de Investigación BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI. Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - José M. Muyor
- Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics, and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER Lab.). Research Central Services, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Grupo de Investigación en Optimización del Entrenamiento y Rendimiento Deportivo (GOERD), Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Gutiérrez-Vargas R, Ugalde-Ramírez JA, Pino-Ortega J, Trejos-Moya JA, Blanco-Romero L, Sánchez-Ureña B, Gutiérrez-Vargas JC, Rojas-Valverde D. [Traducción al español] Perfil antropométrico, aeróbico y de potencia muscular de jugadores juveniles de baloncesto costarricenses. PensarMov 2023. [DOI: 10.15517/pensarmov.v21i1.53772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir un perfil antropométrico, aeróbico y de potencia muscular de basquetbolistas juveniles costarricenses según sexo, posiciones de juego y categoría de edad. Se evaluaron 99 jugadores juveniles (43 mujeres y 56 hombres; 18 bases, 51 aleros y 30 pívots; 42 categoría U16 y 57 categoría U18) de ocho equipos diferentes. La experiencia deportiva de los jugadores fue de 6.5 ± 3.1 años. Se realizaron las siguientes evaluaciones: altura, peso, índice de masa corporal, masa músculo-esquelética, porcentaje de grasa, prueba de contramovimiento (CMJ) y prueba de Yo-Yo de Recuperación Intermitente Nivel I. Los principales resultados mostraron valores significativamente mayores en hombres que en mujeres en peso, talla, masa músculo-esquelética, distancia recorrida en la prueba Yo-Yo, en el VO2max, altura en el CMJ y en el tiempo de vuelo. El porcentaje de grasa fue mayor en mujeres que en hombres. Los jugadores pívots presentaron significativamente mayor estatura, peso corporal y porcentaje degrasa que las otras posiciones de juego. Los bases y los aleros cubrieron más metros en la prueba Yo-Yo y tuvieron mayor VO2máx que los pívots. Entre las categorías U16 y U18 no se encontraron diferencias significativas en ninguna variable. Modelos de regresión mostraron la influencia del peso, porcentaje de grasa corporal, masa músculo esquelética y la edad sobre el VO2máx y CMJ. Como conclusión, según el sexo y las posiciones de juego de los jugadores, estos indicadores variaron. Además, esta información será útil para procesos de promoción, desarrollo y diseño de entrenamientos de baloncesto juvenil en Costa Rica.
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Lemos L, Nevill A, Duncan MJ, De Oliveira VC, Pino-Ortega J, Santos A, Martins C, Nakamura F. Sport-Specific Skills Differentiate Performance Levels Better Than Anthropometric or Physiological Factors in Beach Handball. Res Q Exerc Sport 2022; 93:682-687. [PMID: 34705619 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1902460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Beach handball is characterized by high- and low-intensity efforts on an unstable surface. Players are expected to display high levels of physical performance on sand, though there are no data concerning success in elite players. Purpose: This study aimed to address anthropometric, fitness, and sport-specific skills components in beach handball, by comparing elite national team beach handball players (world champions) to sub-elite players (playing at a regular club). Method: A total of 91 senior players (more than 21 years old) of both genders (19 world champions) were assessed for anthropometry, 5-m acceleration, 15-m sprint, handgrip strength, horizontal jump, and three specific sport-specific skills (ball velocities in standing, inflight and spin throwing) at a beach court. Anthropometric, physiological, and sport-specific skill test variables were analyzed as a multiple dependent variable using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with sex and level (elite vs sub-elite) as the fixed factors. SPSS (25.0) was used, significance was assumed at p < .05. Results: The results highlighted that for male and female athletes, horizontal jump, 6-m standing, spin, and inflight throwing discriminated between elite and sub-elite groups (p < .001). Conclusion: The study suggests that the factors which differentiate between elite and sub-elite performers in beach handball are horizontal jump and technical ability via the performance of specific throwing skills, rather than anthropometric or any other physical variables, irrespective of sex. These findings highlight some of the relevant physical capacities and skills that need to be developed over the years of preparation of top-level beach handball players.
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Soler-López A, García-de-Alcaraz A, Moreno-Villanueva A, Pino-Ortega J. Concurrent Validity and Reliability of Devices to Measure Jump Height in Men's Handball Players. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22239070. [PMID: 36501772 PMCID: PMC9738152 DOI: 10.3390/s22239070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although there is a wide range of validated devices to measure vertical jump height, the degree of interchangeability among them is currently unknown. AIMS The purpose of this study was to examine the concurrent validity and reliability of multiple devices to measure jump height in men's handball players. METHODS Sixteen players (age = 24.0 ± 3.7 years old) performed three types of jumps (n= 144-squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and Abalakov jump (ABK)) on a contact platform (CHRONOJUMP®) while simultaneously being measured with two inertial devices (WIMU® and VERT®) and recorded with a high-speed camera. Vertical jump height was analyzed according to each type of jump. RESULTS The t-test showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.001) between the contact platform (reference standard) and the rest of the tools that tended to overestimate jump height in all jumps. SJ and CMJ proved to be the jump tests with the most stable reliability values in all devices (ICC: 0.92-0.98), except in the comparison with VERT®. CONCLUSIONS Although all the analyzed devices proved to be valid and reliable in previous studies, they are not interchangeable. Therefore, it is suggested to always use the same type of device to evaluate vertical height jump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Soler-López
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-654-522-340
| | - Antonio García-de-Alcaraz
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
- SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | - José Pino-Ortega
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
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Moreno-Villanueva A, Rico-González M, Gómez-Carmona CD, Gómez-Ruano MÁ, Silva N, Pino-Ortega J. What Is the Most Sensitive Test to Identify Fatigue through the Analysis of Neuromuscular Status in Male Elite Futsal Players? Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7702. [PMID: 36298053 PMCID: PMC9609378 DOI: 10.3390/s22207702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine which of the neuromuscular status (NMS) monitoring tests (1: Counter-movement jump, CMJ; 2: back squat with additional load) is the most sensitive and effective for evaluating the state of fatigue in futsal players during the preseason. Seventeen professional futsal players were recruited for this study (age: 23.07 ± 6.76 years; height: 1.75 ± 0.06 m; body mass: 75.47 ± 7.47 kg; playing experience in elite: 5.38 ± 2.03 years). All of them were evaluated during the preseason phase in two tests (CMJ and back squat with additional load) before and after each training session (pre- vs. post-test). A jump platform was used to extract jump height during CMJ, while a linear position transducer was used to extract mean velocity (MV) and mean propulsive velocity (MPV) during the back squat exercise. Significant differences were obtained for intra-subject analysis for MV and MPV in loaded back squat exercise (p < 0.001), finding lower values during the post-test. In conclusion, the monitoring of NMS through the back squat provides greater sensitivity and objectivity in comparison with CMJ, due to a more direct neuromuscular extrapolation to the physical demands of futsal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markel Rico-González
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. Gómez-Ruano
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuno Silva
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia (ISMAI), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
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García-Santos D, Pino-Ortega J, García-Rubio J, Vaquera A, Ibáñez S. RELACIÓN ENTRE LA CARGA INTERNA Y EXTERNA EN ÁRBITROS DE BALONCESTO. RIMCAFD 2022. [DOI: 10.15366/rimcafd2022.87.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en analizar las relaciones existentes entre los parámetros de carga interna (objetiva y subjetiva) y externa. La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 15 partidos disputados en el Eurobasket femenino U-16, donde participaron un total de nueve árbitros (6 masculinos y 3 femeninos). Las variables analizadas de carga interna fueron la frecuencia cardiaca y la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo. Las variables de carga externa se dividieron en cinemáticas y neuromusculares, medidas a través de dispositivos inerciales. Los resultados explican que existen relaciones entre los valores de carga interna objetiva y carga externa, así como entre las variables de carga externa. En cambio, no existen relaciones entre la carga interna subjetiva y las variables de carga interna y externa objetiva, exceptuando el PowerMetabolic. Estos resultados demuestran que la competición y el nivel de los árbitros influyen en gran medida en las variables subjetivas.
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Loría-Calderón T, Pino-Ortega J, Santamaría-Guzmán K, Rodríguez-Hernández M. The Dance Effectiveness In Single-leg Support In Older Adults, Using Inertial System Units; Pilot Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000882112.82588.7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rico-González M, Illa J, Nakamura FY, Pino-Ortega J. Reducing Big Data to Principal Components for Position-Specific Futsal Training. Percept Mot Skills 2022; 129:1546-1562. [PMID: 35830493 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since training/competition loads must be quickly assessed and interpreted to inform exercise prescription, big data should be simplified through multivariate data analysis. Our aim in the present research was to highlight which variables from big data analyses provided the most relevant information for describing the behavior of top-level futsal players in their different playing positions (i.e., goalkeeper, defenders, wingers, and forwards). We collected data from four top-level Spanish teams that participated in the final rounds of a national tournament. Through principal component analysis (PCA) we grouped 6-9 variables in 3-4 PCs that explained 62-81% of total variance, depending on playing positions. The most relevant variables explaining goalkeepers' performance were accelerations per minute, maximum acceleration (m/s2), 5-8 impacts per minute, and < 3 takeoffs per minute. Defenders' behavior was best explained by absolute distance covered from 6-12 km/h (m/min) and from 18-21 km/h (m/min), from 5-8 landings per minute, and > 8 landings per minute. Wingers' and pivots' performances were mainly explained by accelerations and decelerations, together with a high level of aerobic endurance (especially for wingers). These findings allow for individualized training and game analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markel Rico-González
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.,BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research group, Department of Physical activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia
| | - Jordi Illa
- Sports Performance Area, 523641Fútbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabio Yuzo Nakamura
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research group, Department of Physical activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia.,Faculty of Sports Sciences, 567872University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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Gutiérrez-Vargas R, Ugalde-Ramírez JA, Pino-Ortega J, Trejos-Montoya JA, Blanco-Romero L, Sánchez-Ureña B, Gutiérrez-Vargas JC, Rojas-Valverde D. Anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players. PensarMov 2022. [DOI: 10.15517/pensarmov.v20i2.48357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe an anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players according to sex, play positions and age. The assessment was carried outa on 99 young players (43 women and 56 men; 18 guards, 51 forwards and 30 centers; 42 in the U16 category and 57 in the U18 category) from eight different teams. The sports experience of the players was 6.5 ± 3.1 years. The following parameters were assessed: height, weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage, countermovement test (CMJ) and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level I. The main results showed significantly higher values in men than in women in terms of weight, height, skeletal muscle mass, distance covered in the yo-yo test, VO2max, height in CMJ and in flight time. Body fat percentage was higher in women than in men. Centers showed significantly higher height, weight and body fat percentage than other play positions. Guards and forwards covered more meters in the yo-yo test and showed higher VO2max than centers. No significant differences were found between the U16 and U18 categories in any variable. Regression models showed the influence of weight, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass and age on VO2max and CMJ. In conclusion, these indicators varied according to the sex and play position of the players. Additionally, this information will be useful for processes of promotion, development and training design of youth basketball in Costa Rica.
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Errekagorri I, Castellano J, Los Arcos A, Rico-González M, Pino-Ortega J. Different Sampling Frequencies to Calculate Collective Tactical Variables during Competition: A Case of an Official Female's Soccer Match. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:4508. [PMID: 35746288 PMCID: PMC9230581 DOI: 10.3390/s22124508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the impact of the sampling frequency on the outcomes of collective tactical variables during an official women’s soccer match. To do this, the first half (lasting 46 min) of an official league match of a semi-professional soccer team belonging to the Women’s Second Division of Spain (Reto Iberdrola) was analysed. The collective variables recorded were classified into three main groups: point-related variable (i.e., change in geometrical centre position (cGCp)), distance-related variables (i.e., width, length, height, distance from the goalkeeper to the near defender and mean distance between players), and area-related variables (i.e., surface area). Each variable was measured using eight different sampling frequencies: data every 100 (10 Hz), 200 (5 Hz), 250 (4 Hz), 400 (2.5 Hz), 500 (2 Hz), 1000 (1 Hz), 2000 (0.5 Hz), and 4000 ms (0.25 Hz). With the exception of cGCp, the outcomes of the collective tactical variables did not vary depending on the sampling frequency used (p > 0.05; Effect Size < 0.001). The results suggest that a sampling frequency of 0.5 Hz would be sufficient to measure the collective tactical variables that assess distance and area during an official soccer match.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibai Errekagorri
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.C.); (A.L.A.)
- Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julen Castellano
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.C.); (A.L.A.)
- Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Asier Los Arcos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.C.); (A.L.A.)
- Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Markel Rico-González
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Murcia, Argentina 19, 30720 Murcia, Spain;
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Moreno-Villanueva A, Rico-González M, Pino-Ortega J. The Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Anthropometric Parameters, Metabolic Adaptation, and Physical Fitness Performance in Amateur Endurance Athletes: A Systematic Review. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Rico-González M, Pino-Ortega J, Praça GM, Clemente FM. Practical Applications for Designing Soccer´ Training Tasks from Multivariate Data Analysis: A Systematic Review Emhasizing Tactical Training. Percept Mot Skills 2022; 129:892-931. [PMID: 35084256 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211073404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Novel viewpoints have led to an understanding that good soccer performers are capable of continuous decision-making and performing excellent motor skills in a well conditioned mental state. Our aims in this review were to: (a) summarize the effects of different conditions and constraints on a soccer player's response and (b) identify potential training designs for varied soccer tasks from a multivariate perspective, emphasizing tactical training. We performed a systematic literature review according to PRISMA guidelines and identified multiple different player constraints, including model strategies for play, drills designed for varied conditions, and training regimens for the dimensions of the physical demands soccer players will face. The use of match-sized training spaces may improve physical fitness and collective tactical behavior, while smaller spaces may contribute to improving tactical behavior from micro-structures (e.g., 1 vs. 1). Pre-session exercises that accelerate the appearance of fatigue during training may help delay the onset of match fatigue and boost players´ creativity. Pitch modifications (dimensions or boundary modifications), modification of game principles (defending strategies or team formations), and altering the number of players involved or coach instructions may contribute to different players improvements. Differential learning, as a non-linear pedagogy, may induce improvements in all dimensions, but especially in creative thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markel Rico-González
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Ringgoldid: 16402University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Ringgoldid: 567872University of Murcia, San Javier, España
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ringgoldid: 567872University of Murcia, San Javier, España
| | - Gibson Moreira Praça
- Sports Department, Ringgoldid: 28114Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Lisboa, Portugal
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Gutiérrez-Vargas R, Pino-Ortega J, Ugalde-Ramírez A, Sánchez-Ureña B, Blanco-Romero L, Trejos-Montoya J, Gutiérrez-Vargas JC, Rojas-Valverde D. Physical and physiological demands according to gender, playing positions, and match outcomes in youth basketball players. Rev int cienc deporte 2022. [DOI: 10.5232/ricyde2022.06701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare physical and physiological demands in youth basketball players according to gender, playing positions, and match outcomes. 64 players (32 female and 32 male) from eight youth sub-elite basketball teams were monitored using an Ultra-Wide Band system and inertial measurement unit in three consecutive matches. The results showed some significant differences, although with magnitudes qualified as small. When the teams won, the guards covered a greater distance at 0-6 km/h than when they lost. When teams lost, the centers covered more distance at 12-18 km/h and 18-21 km/h. The winning female teams presented a lower maximal heart rate (HRmax) compared to the losing teams. The forwards of the winning teams performed greater efforts at 70-80% HRmax, while the forwards of losing teams performed more efforts at 90-95% HRmax. The greatest number of accelerations and decelerations were performed by the female guards and the male forwards. The number of jumps was higher in the male guards and forwards than in the female ones. HRmax was higher in the forwards of the female teams. Efforts at 80%-90% HRmax were higher in male centers. When the female teams won, they had a lower HRmax than when they lost. When efforts exceed 90% of HRmax the teams lost. In conclusion, despite the differences found, the effect of these contextual variables on physical and physiological demands is unclear. Nevertheless, knowing the game's requirements can help the design of training that enhances the performance of youth basketball players
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Gómez-Carmona CD, Mancha-Triguero D, Pino-Ortega J, Ibáñez SJ. Characterization and Sex-Related Differences in the Multi-Location External Workload Profile of Semiprofessional Basketball Players. A Cross-Sectional Study. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1816-1826. [PMID: 34802390 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.2009040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCommonly, the monitoring of external workload has been performed using a single device on player's scapulae. The human body is a complex multi-articular system and quantification in a single location is insufficient, being necessary the assessment in multiple body locations simultaneously. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the multi-location external workload in men's and women's players and to analyze the sex-related differences during the most common movements in basketball. Twenty-six semi-professional basketball players (n=13 men, n=13 women) were evaluated in five tests: linear and curvilinear movements, changing of speed, jumping and in-game movements. PlayerLoadRT was evaluated at six anatomical locations simultaneously (scapulae, lumbar region, knees, and ankles) with WIMU PROTM inertial devices attached to the athlete using a full-body skinsuit. Statistical analysis was composed of a t-test of independent measures and Coheńs d effect size. The main results indicated: (1) the type of movement modified the external workload supported by the musculoskeletal structures; (2) sex-related differences were found in the vertical absorption of external workload (p<0.05); (3) no sex-related differences were shown in the horizontal profile (p>0.16). The multi-location monitoring will allow the identification of musculoskeletal structures with high vertical absorption of external load depending on sex (men > women: scapulae-lumbar and knee-ankle; women > men: lumbar-knee) and type of movement (scapulae-lumbar: decelerations; lumbar-knee: jumping; knee-ankle: in-game), just like horizontal differences in lower limb (outer > inner leg: curvilinear). Equally movements distribution throughout training sessions, strengthening and recovery programs of high-workload muscle groups according to player's characteristics could contributed to performance enhancement and reduce injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD). Didactics of Body Expression, Music and Plastic Department. Sport Science Faculty. University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - D Mancha-Triguero
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD). Didactics of Body Expression, Music and Plastic Department. Sport Science Faculty. University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - J Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group. Physical Activity and Sports Department. Sport Science Faculty. University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergio J Ibáñez
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD). Didactics of Body Expression, Music and Plastic Department. Sport Science Faculty. University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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Moreno-Villanueva A, Pino-Ortega J, Rico-González M. Effect of Repetition Duration—Total and in Different Muscle Actions—On the Development of Strength, Power, and Muscle Hypertrophy. Strength Cond J 2021. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rojas-Valverde D, Gómez-Carmona CD, Bastida Castillo A, Nakamura FY, Giménez-Martínez E, Matabosch-Pijuán M, Bernal JR, Pino-Ortega J. A longitudinal analysis and data mining of the most representative external workload indicators of the whole elite Mexican soccer clubs elite Mexican soccer clubS. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2021.1996131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Clínica de Lesiones Deportivas (Rehab & Readapt), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Grupo de Investigación en Optimización Del Entrenamiento y Rendimiento Deportivo (Goerd), Departamento de Didáctica de la Música, Plástica y Expresión Corporal, Universidad de Extremadura. Cáceres, Extremadura, España
| | - Alejandro Bastida Castillo
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group. Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte. Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, España
| | - Fabio Y. Nakamura
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University Institute of Maia (Ismai), Maia, Portugal
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education Upe/ufpb, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jose R. Bernal
- Centro de Innovación Tecnológica, Liga BBVA, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group. Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte. Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, España
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Moreno-Villanueva A, Pino-Ortega J, Rico-González M. Validity and reliability of linear position transducers and linear velocity transducers: a systematic review. Sports Biomech 2021:1-30. [PMID: 34726576 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1988136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to summarise and analyse the evidence on the reliability and validity of linear tranducers (LTs) in exercises of different nature and different modes of execution. This systematic review was carried out under PRISMA guidelines, and was carried out using three databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus). Of the 351 initially found, 21 were included in the qualitative synthesis. The results reflected that linear position transducers (LPTs) were valid and reliable in monitoring movement velocity in non-plyometric exercises. However, precision and reliability were lower in execution protocols without isometric phase and in the execution of exercises in multiple planes of movement, with greater measurement errors at higher sampling frequencies. On the other hand, linear velocity transducers (LVTs) proved to be valid and reliable in measuring velocity during plyometric and non-plyometric exercises performed on the Smith machine, with less variation in measurement in the latter. Finally, the use of peak values is recommended, since they are less dependent on the technological errors of LTs. Therefore, the performance of non-plyometric exercises, carried out in the Smith machine and with an isometric phase in the execution of the movement, will help to minimise the technological error of the LTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Markel Rico-González
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Rojas-Valverde D, Martínez-Guardado I, Sánchez-Ureña B, Timón R, Scheer V, Pino-Ortega J, Olcina G. Outpatient Assessment of Mechanical Load, Heat Strain and Dehydration as Causes of Transitional Acute Kidney Injury in Endurance Trail Runners. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph181910217. [PMID: 34639516 PMCID: PMC8508486 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to globally assess heat strain, dehydration, and mechanical load as acute kidney injury (AKI) indicators in amateur endurance trail athletes during a 35.3 km run. Methods: Thirty amateur experienced trail runners completed an endurance trail run (total positive ascend 1815 m). The following assessments were performed at four measurement time points (pre-, during, immediately post [-post0h], and after 24 h of the finish of the run [-post24h]): serum test (creatinine, blood ureic nitrogen, albumin, creatine kinase, blood ureic nitrogen: creatinine ratio, creatinine clearance, and glomerular filtration rate), mechanical load (impacts and Player Load), heat strain and dehydration (hematocrit, urine solids, body weight and urine specific gravity), pain and exertion perception (rate of perceived exertion, lumbar and bipodal, and one-leg squat pain), and urinalysis (pH, protein, glucose, erythrocytes, and urine specific gravity). Results: There were pre vs. post0h changes in all serum biomarkers (F = 5.4–34.45, p < 0.01). The change in these biomarkers correlated with an increase in mechanical load indicators (r = 0.47–59, p < 0.05). A total of 40% and 23.4% of participants presented proteinuria and hematuria, respectively. Pain and perceived exertion increased significantly due to effort made during the endurance trail running (F = 4.2–176.4, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Endurance trail running may lead to an increase in blood and urine indicators of transitional AKI. The difference in blood and urine markers was significantly related to the mechanical load during running, suggesting potential kidney overload and cumulative mechanical load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Clínica de Lesiones Deportivas (Rehab & Readapt), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Grupo Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (R.T.); (G.O.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (I.M.-G.); Tel.: +506-88250219 (D.R.-V.)
| | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, 28015 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (I.M.-G.); Tel.: +506-88250219 (D.R.-V.)
| | - Braulio Sánchez-Ureña
- Programa de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica;
| | - Rafael Timón
- Grupo Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (R.T.); (G.O.)
| | - Volker Scheer
- Ultra Sports Science Foundation, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France;
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Biovetmed & Sportsci Research Group, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Olcina
- Grupo Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (R.T.); (G.O.)
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Oliva-Lozano JM, Muyor JM, Puche Ortuño D, Rico-González M, Pino-Ortega J. Analysis of key external and internal load variables in professional female futsal players: a longitudinal study. Res Sports Med 2021:1-10. [PMID: 34365879 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1963728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to identify the key external and internal load variables in professional futsal through principal components analysis (PCA), and analyse the physical performance required by the players in official matches. Data were collected from 14 female players during 10 matches using WIMU PROTM. The PCA selected a total of 22 variables as key indicators of players' load. Specifically, these variables were represented by five principal components. However, a novel finding was that different components were extracted when the analysis was carried out by full match (68.83% of total variance), first half (69.81% of total variance), or second half (65.96% of total variance). Also, this study found that the players decreased their physical performance during the second half. Based on these results, this study may help optimize performance and reduce the injury risk. Performance should not be only analysed considering the full match external/internal load but also specifying by match halves. This is explained by the fact that there were variables that made up the principal components in the first half, but not in the second half or full match. Finally, coaches should adopt training strategies which deal with the decrease in physical performance during the second half.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Muyor
- Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.,Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER Lab, Research Central Services, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Daniel Puche Ortuño
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Markel Rico-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed & SportSci Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Pino-Ortega J, Oliva-Lozano JM, Gómez-Carmona CD, Rojas-Valverde D, Bastida-Castillo A, Moreno-Pérez V, Nakamura FY. Impact of high-heeled and sport shoes on multi-joint external load profile during walking. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2021; 34:389-398. [PMID: 33459694 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-191591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have analysed the effect of wearing high-heeled shoes (HHS) on gait analysis, balance and its relation to health. However, further research is needed to study its effect on the difference of chain reactions in the transfer of body impacts from the lower to the upper limbs. OBJECTIVES The aims of the present research were: (a) to compare the effects of wearing HHS on impacts across body joints during walking with sport shoes (SS) as a reference, and (b) to examine such effects at different speeds. METHODS Seven well-trained women completed this study. Incremental treadmill walking test were performed with two different footwear: SS and HHS. Inertial devices were used to quantify the chain reactions at selected anatomical lower limbs and trunk locations. Statistical analysis included the Wilcoxon test with ranges and Cohen's d effect size with percentage of differences. RESULTS The highest values were found at the heel in both footwear and in both legs (SS: right =0.76 ± 0.27, left = 0.79 ± 0.27; HHS: right = 1.07 ± 0.38, left = 1.11 ± 0.41), while the lowest values were registered at lower and upper back. Furthermore, significant differences were found with the HHS load being higher at all locations (p< 0.05; %=𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓 12.20-36.36%), influenced by the walking speed. In addition, a strong influence of footwear in the change of the laterality profile was found (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the use of HHS increase the load on the lower limb and the trunk. Until reaching 5 km/h during walking, no significant differences were found between wearing HHS or SS in accelerometer load, producing exponential differences from this speed. The great between-subject variability implies that within-subject analysis is recommended, as it is more related to real clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group, Physical Activity and Sports Department, International Excellence Campus "Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Sports Science, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | | | - Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression Department, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Center of Research and Diagnosis in Health and Sports (CIDISAD), School of Human Movement Sciences an d Quality of Life (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Alejandro Bastida-Castillo
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group, Physical Activity and Sports Department, International Excellence Campus "Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Sports Science, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno-Pérez
- Pathology and Surgery Deparment, Faculty of Sports Science, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Fabio Y Nakamura
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal
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Rico-González M, Pino-Ortega J, Clemente FM, Bustamante-Hernández N. Relationship between Training Load Management and Immunoglobulin A to Avoid Immunosuppression after Soccer Training and Competition: A Theoretical Framework Based on COVID-19 for Athletes' Healthcare. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:856. [PMID: 34356234 PMCID: PMC8305600 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9070856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA), which is the main effector against upper respiratory tract viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been related to training load management. The aim of this systematic review was to establish the relationship between training load and salivary IgA based on current evidence in order to avoid immunosuppression after exercise and players´ vulnerability to virus contagion. A systematic review of relevant articles was carried out using two electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) until 19 May 2021. From a total of 127 studies initially found, 23 were included in the qualitative synthesis. These studies were clustered depending on stress level. The salivary IgA was analysed considering soccer-specific treadmill exercise and repeated sprint drills (n = 5), matches (n = 7), and during certain periods during the season or pre-season (n = 11). Repeated sprint ability tests and treadmill exercises are suitable exercises for the first steps on return to play periods yet still maintain social distance. A rest or moderate training sessions (technical/tactical) are suggested after official matches to ensure 16-18 h to recover IgA levels, while periods with multiple matches per week with limited recovery time should be avoided. Weekly training load should assume a small increment (<10%) to ensure IgA immune responses, especially, during the post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markel Rico-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of The Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain;
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain;
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Naia Bustamante-Hernández
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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30
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Clemente FM, Afonso J, Costa J, Oliveira R, Pino-Ortega J, Rico-González M. Relationships between Sleep, Athletic and Match Performance, Training Load, and Injuries: A Systematic Review of Soccer Players. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9070808. [PMID: 34206948 PMCID: PMC8305909 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9070808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize available evidence regarding the relationships between sleep and (i) athletic and match performance, (ii) training load, and (iii) injuries in soccer players. A systematic review of EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus), PubMed, Cochrane Library, FECYT (Web of Sciences, CCC, DIIDW, KJD, MEDLINE, RSCI, and SCIELO) databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 297 titles were identified, of which 32 met the eligibility criteria. Results revealed that soccer players are no exception for sleep inadequacy. Although there was inconsistency in the findings, some studies suggested that sleep restrictions in soccer negatively affected athletic and match performance while also increasing the number and severity of musculoskeletal injuries. On the other hand, inconsistent results were found between sleep and athletic and match performance, and training load in soccer players. Physiological responses (and their intensity) during drill-based games were not influenced by changes in sleep. The available evidence is inconsistent; however, it appears to suggest that poor sleep affects soccer players' performance and increases the risk of injury. However, it remains important to study this complex relationship further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - José Afonso
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Júlio Costa
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, 1495-433 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2140-413 Rio Maior, Portugal;
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2140-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain;
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain;
| | - Markel Rico-González
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain;
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Gómez-Carmona CD, Mancha-Triguero D, Pino-Ortega J, Ibáñez SJ. Multi-Location External Workload Profile in Women's Basketball Players. A Case Study at the Semiprofessional-Level. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21134277. [PMID: 34206600 PMCID: PMC8296836 DOI: 10.3390/s21134277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The external workload measured in one anatomical location does not determine the total load supported by the human body. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to characterize the multi-location external workload through PlayerLoadRT of 13 semi-professional women’s basketball players, as well as to analyze differences among anatomical locations (inter-scapulae line, lumbar region, 2× knee, 2× ankle) and laterality (left vs. right) during five tests that represent the most common movements in basketball—(a) linear locomotion, 30-15 IFT; (b) acceleration and deceleration, 16.25-m RSA (c) curvilinear locomotion, 6.75-m arc (d) jump, Abalakov test (e) small-sided game, 10’ 3 vs. 3 10 × 15-m. Statistical analysis was composed of a repeated-measures t-test and eta partial squared effect size. Regarding laterality, differences were found only in curvilinear locomotion, with a higher workload in the outer leg (p < 0.01; ηp2 = 0.33–0.63). In the vertical profile, differences among anatomical locations were found in all tests (p < 0.01; ηp2 = 0.56–0.98). The nearer location to ground contact showed higher values except between the scapulae and lumbar region during jumps (p = 0.83; ηp2 = 0.00). In conclusion, the multi-location assessment of external workload through a previously validated test battery will make it possible to understand the individual effect of external workload in each anatomical location that depends on the type of locomotion. These results should be considered when designing specific strategies for training and injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10005 Caceres, Spain; (D.M.-T.); (S.J.I.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.G.-C.); (J.P.-O.)
| | - David Mancha-Triguero
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10005 Caceres, Spain; (D.M.-T.); (S.J.I.)
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group, Physical Activity and Sports Department, Sport Science Faculty, University of Murcia, Argentina Street s/n, San Javier, 30720 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.D.G.-C.); (J.P.-O.)
| | - Sergio J. Ibáñez
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10005 Caceres, Spain; (D.M.-T.); (S.J.I.)
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32
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Pino-Ortega J, Gómez-Carmona CD, Rico-González M. Accuracy of Xiaomi Mi Band 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 to measure step count and distance for physical activity and healthcare in adults over 65 years. Gait Posture 2021; 87:6-10. [PMID: 33866152 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of step count and distance covered are of interest in healthcare and rehabilitation medicine, so fitness trackers and smartwatches have incorporated these metrics. In 2014, the introduction of new brands of these devices peaked, although the highest number of new devices was introduced in 2015. Even though Mi Band Xiaomi was among the top 5 regarding sales, it is not at the top of the fitness bands considered in research articles. RESEARCH QUESTION this study aimed to assess the validity of Xiaomi Mi Band 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 for recording steps and distance covered. METHOD The data were recorded from 26 elderly adults (71.2 ± 3.2 years old; 169.3 ± 5.8 height; 72.1 ± 9.2 weight), who covered the maximum distance possible at walking speed in a delimited outdoor space following different trajectories to compare data with the criterion measure, using three wristband devices (Xiaomi Mi Band versions 2.0, 3.0. and 4.0.). RESULTS In step count, the average bias was small (<2.6 steps) and no statistical differences were found between instruments (p > 0.76; t=0.30). However, Xiaomi Mi Band 4.0 obtained questionable validity (ICC = 0.76) for distance estimation. SIGNIFICANCE The accuracy of Mi Band Xiaomi 2.0., 3.0. and 4.0. may be considered as good to count the number of steps for physical activity monitoring, whereas distance estimation is considered questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pino-Ortega
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain; BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Optimization of Training and Sport Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Markel Rico-González
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, Lasarte 71, 01007, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Clemente FM, Akyildiz Z, Pino-Ortega J, Rico-González M. Validity and Reliability of the Inertial Measurement Unit for Barbell Velocity Assessments: A Systematic Review. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21072511. [PMID: 33916801 PMCID: PMC8038306 DOI: 10.3390/s21072511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of inertial measurement unit (IMU) has become popular in sports assessment. In the case of velocity-based training (VBT), there is a need to measure barbell velocity in each repetition. The use of IMUs may make the monitoring process easier; however, its validity and reliability should be established. Thus, this systematic review aimed to (1) identify and summarize studies that have examined the validity of wearable wireless IMUs for measuring barbell velocity and (2) identify and summarize studies that have examined the reliability of IMUs for measuring barbell velocity. A systematic review of Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. From the 161 studies initially identified, 22 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures were extracted and analyzed. Among the eight different IMU models, seven can be considered valid and reliable for measuring barbell velocity. The great majority of IMUs used for measuring barbell velocity in linear trajectories are valid and reliable, and thus can be used by coaches for external load monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Zeki Akyildiz
- Sports Science Department, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara 06500, Turkey;
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Markel Rico-González
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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34
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Pino-Ortega J, Los Arcos A, Gantois P, Clemente FM, Nakamura FY, Rico-González M. The Influence of Antenna Height on the Measurement of Collective Variables Using an Ultra-Wide Band Based Local Positioning System in Team Sports. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:2424. [PMID: 33915959 PMCID: PMC8036788 DOI: 10.3390/s21072424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-wide band (UWB) based local positioning systems (LPS) are based on devices and a portable antenna set. The optimal installation height of the antennae is crucial to ensure data accuracy. Collective variables are metrics that consider at least two pairs of coordinates, which may lead to lower precision than an individual one. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the influence of antenna height with collective metrics using a UWB (i.e., IMU; WIMU PRO™, RealTrack Systems, Almeria, Spain) based LPS. Data acquisition was carried out in a basketball court measuring 28 × 15 m. Five devices were used; one of which was carried by a healthy and well-trained athlete (age: 38 years, mass: 76.34 kg, height 1.70 m), while each of the remaining four was positioned on a tripod in one of the four corners of the court. Four kinds of variables were extracted: (1) static distances, (2) dynamic distances, (3) static areas and (4) dynamic areas in all antenna installation modes of 0.15, 1.30 and 2.00 m. The results showed that the antenna of 1.30 m provided better accuracy for all measures (% difference range from -0.94 to 1.17%) followed by the antenna of 2.00 m (% difference range from -2.50 to 2.15%), with the antenna of 0.15 m providing the worst accuracy level (% difference range from -1.05 to 3.28%). Overall, the measurements of distance metrics showed greater accuracy than area metrics (distance % difference range from -0.85 to 2.81% and area % difference range from -2.50 to 3.28). In conclusion, the height of the antennae in basketball courts should be similar to the height at which the devices are attached to a player's upper back. However, as the precision is sensitive to the magnitude of the measure, further studies should assess the effects of the relative height of antennae in team sports with greater playing spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pino-Ortega
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Asier Los Arcos
- Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Petrus Gantois
- Associate Graduate Programme in Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900, Brazil; (P.G.); (F.Y.N.)
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fabio Yuzo Nakamura
- Associate Graduate Programme in Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900, Brazil; (P.G.); (F.Y.N.)
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
| | - Markel Rico-González
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Gómez-Carmona CD, Bastida-Castillo A, Moreno-Pérez V, Ibáñez SJ, Pino-Ortega J. Multi-location external workload profile in U-18 soccer players. [Perfil multi-ubicación de carga externa en jugadores de fútbol sub-18]. Rev int cienc deporte 2021. [DOI: 10.5232/ricyde2021.06402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between accelerometer workload and injury risk has been found previously. However, any research has assessed the absorption dynamics of external workload through the measurement in different anatomical locations simultaneously. A cross-sectional study was designed to: (i) to describe the multi-joint external workload profile of youth soccer players, (ii) to identify differences between-participants related to anatomical locations, (iii) to analyze the workload dynamics at different speeds at joints and body segments, (iv) to characterize the multi-joint individual workload and the within-participants difference in each body segment. Twenty-one U-18 male players, that were part of a Youth Spanish First Division soccer team, performed an incremental running treadmill test and wore four WIMU PROTM inertial devices in lower limb (ankle-knee) and spine (lower-upper back) locations to register cumulative tri-axial accelerometry-based workload (PlayerLoad, PLRT). The main results have shown that the highest PLRT was detected at the lower limb, especially at the ankle. Different dynamics of accelerometer workload have been found between lower and upper limb, being them between ankle-knee at 12-km/h and lower-upper back at 9.5-km/h (p<.05). Between-participants’ differences were shown at all joints, finding the highest differences at the upper back (p<.01; d=2.17). Finally, the body segment knee-lower back reported the highest differences (%diff=34.25-to-67.28; d=2.20-to-4.77). In conclusion, a great between-participants external workload variability was found at joints and body segments, being recommended for an individualized assessment and specific training protocols.
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Morencos E, Romero-Moraleda B, Rico-González M, Rojas-Valverde D, Pino-Ortega J. Principal component analysis identifies different representative match load profiles in international women’s field hockey based on playing positions. [El análisis de componentes principales identifica diferentes perfiles de rendimiento en función de las posiciones en partidos internacionales de hockey hierba femenino]. Rev int cienc deporte 2021. [DOI: 10.5232/ricyde2021.06401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the principal components (PC) of women’s field hockey players´ TL distinguishing by playing positions (i.e., back, midfielder, forward). Data were collected from sixteen players belonging to the Spanish National women’s field hockey team during 13 official matches from the European Championship, World Series, and Pre-Olympic tournament. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) grouped a total of 16 variables in five to six PC, explaining between 68.6 and 80% of the total variance. Different variables formed the PC that explain the player’s performance in different field positions. There were differences by positions in the distance covered at 21 to 24 km·h-1 (midfielders>forwards), decelerations from 5 to 4 m·s-2 (midfielders>forwards), and in maximum accelerations (midfielders>backs). Overall, strength and conditioning coaches should combine exercises which induce a high degree of aerobic endurance and power. However, some specification should be made by playing position: (1) defenders should perform training sessions with at least the same amount of volume as in the matches; (2) forwards should perform training efforts that ensure high repeated sprint ability; and (3) midfielders should perform a high training volume to develop high-intensity aerobic endurance, in combination with short-term efforts.
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Rico-González M, Pino-Ortega J, Rojas-Valverde D, Arcos AL. Comparing Sampling Frequencies to Measure Collective Tactical Variables During Soccer Training. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 36:2862-2867. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Oliva-Lozano JM, Gómez-Carmona CD, Rojas-Valverde D, Fortes V, Pino-Ortega J. Effect of training day, match, and length of the microcycle on the worst-case scenarios in professional soccer players. Res Sports Med 2021; 30:425-438. [PMID: 33657955 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1895786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe in-season worst-case scenarios (WCS) of professional soccer players and compare the WCS between training and match days (MD), considering the length of microcycle. A cohort study was designed for four competitive mesocycles in LaLiga123. The WCS of distance covered (DIS), high-speed running distance (HSRD), and sprinting distance (SPD) for four different WCS durations (1', 3', 5', 10') were analysed. Statistical differences between the WCS from training and MD were found at all intensities and periods. The magnitude of differences was moderate in DIS-1' (F= 15.49; p< 0.01; ωp2= 0.09) and DIS-3' (F= 20.99; p< 0.01; ωp2= 0.12), and high in the rest of variables (F= 26.53-89.41; p< 0.01; ωp2= 0.15-0.38). Specifically, the WCS from MD reported the highest values at all intensities and periods. Regarding training days, the greatest WCS of DIS, HSRD, and SPD were found on MD-4, MD-3, and MD+1. Considering the length of microcycle, significant differences (p< 0.05) in training-days' WCS, but not in MD (p> 0.05). In conclusion, specific WCS training programmes (e.g., including 1 min to 10-min training drills in MD-4) may be useful to prepare the demands required on MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Oliva-Lozano
- Health Research Centre, Department of Education, Education Science College, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression Department, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.,Grupo de Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Deporte Faculty of Sports Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Víctor Fortes
- Unión Deportiva Almería, Sport Science Area, Almería, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed & SportSci Research Group, Physical Activity and Sports Department, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Rico-González M, Los Arcos A, Rojas-Valverde D, Pino-Ortega J. A Principal Component Analysis in futsal according to game halves: A case study of an amateur futsal cup final. [Análisis de componentes principales en fútbol sala según las partes de juego: un estudio de caso en una final de copa amateur]. Rev int cienc deporte 2021. [DOI: 10.5232/ricyde2021.06307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has not been used to assess the principal component (PC) of players´ external training loads (TL) in futsal. In addition, no previous study has analyzed the PC of players´ external TL depending on the half of the match in futsal. Thus, this study aimed to assess the PC of players´ external TL considering an entire official futsal match distinguishing by halves (1st and 2nd halves). Two teams of twelve amateur futsal players (Spanish 3rd division) participated in the final match of the futsal cup and external TL was quantified using eight antennas ultra-wideband technology. Through PCA statistical analysis, 10 variables formed the 10 PC. Specifically, three PC for the entire match, four for the 1st half, and three for the 2nd half were extracted. Considering the match as a whole, three PC explained the players´ external TL formed by eight variables: distance covered (m/min), distance covered at high speed running (m/min), distance covered at explosive speed (m/min), total accelerations (n/min), total decelerations between 2-1 m/s/s (n/min), distance covered at 24-50 km/h (m/min), total impacts between 8-100g (n/min) and Jumps performed (n/min). The PC variables differed between halves: a) in the 1st half 74.5% was explained by four PC composed of 8 variables in total, and b) in the 2nd half 67.6% was explained by three PC. The results suggest that the use of only one PC could potentially lead to an underestimation of the external TL demands in futsal matches. It seems that a combination of 3-4 PC from a total of 8 to 10 variables are required to explain senior amateur futsal official games. In addition, the match half should be considered to assess the external TL in team sports.
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Rojas-Valverde D, Timón R, Sánchez-Ureña B, Pino-Ortega J, Martínez-Guardado I, Olcina G. Potential Use of Wearable Sensors to Assess Cumulative Kidney Trauma in Endurance Off-Road Running. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:jfmk5040093. [PMID: 33467308 PMCID: PMC7804864 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to explore wearable sensors' potential use to assess cumulative mechanical kidney trauma during endurance off-road running. (2) Methods: 18 participants (38.78 ± 10.38 years, 73.24 ± 12.6 kg, 172.17 ± 9.48 cm) ran 36 k off-road race wearing a Magnetic, Angular Rate and Gravity (MARG) sensor attached to their lower back. Impacts in g forces were recorded throughout the race using the MARG sensor. Two blood samples were collected immediately pre- and post-race: serum creatinine (sCr) and albumin (sALB). (3) Results: Sixteen impact variables were grouped using principal component analysis in four different principal components (PC) that explained 90% of the total variance. The 4th PC predicted 24% of the percentage of change (∆%) of sCr and the 3rd PC predicted the ∆% of sALB by 23%. There were pre- and post-race large changes in sCr and sALB (p ≤ 0.01) and 33% of participants met acute kidney injury diagnosis criteria. (4) Conclusions: The data related to impacts could better explain the cumulative mechanical kidney trauma during mountain running, opening a new range of possibilities using technology to better understand how the number and magnitude of the g-forces involved in off-road running could potentially affect kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain; (R.T.); (I.M.-G.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (G.O.); Tel.: +506-88250219 (D.R.-V.)
| | - Rafael Timón
- Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain; (R.T.); (I.M.-G.)
| | - Braulio Sánchez-Ureña
- Programa Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud (PROCESA), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica;
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Departmento de Actividad Física y Deporte, Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, 30720 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain; (R.T.); (I.M.-G.)
| | - Guillermo Olcina
- Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain; (R.T.); (I.M.-G.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (G.O.); Tel.: +506-88250219 (D.R.-V.)
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Rojas-Valverde D, Pino-Ortega J, Gómez-Carmona CD, Rico-González M. A Systematic Review of Methods and Criteria Standard Proposal for the Use of Principal Component Analysis in Team's Sports Science. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17238712. [PMID: 33255212 PMCID: PMC7727687 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The availability of critical information about training and competition is fundamental on performance. Principal components analysis (PCA) is widely used in sports as a multivariate technique to manage big data from different technological assessments. This systematic review aimed to explore the methods reported and statistical criteria used in team's sports science and to propose a criteria standard to report PCA in further applications. A systematic electronic search was developed through four electronic databases and a total of 45 studies were included in the review for final analysis. Inclusion criteria: (i) of the studies we looked at, 22.22% performed factorability processes with different retention criteria (r > 0.4-0.7); (ii) 21 studies confirmed sample adequacy using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkim (KMO > 5-8) and 22 reported Bartlett's sphericity; (iii) factor retention was considered if eigenvalues >1-1.5 (n = 29); (iv) 23 studies reported loading retention (>0.4-0.7); and (v) used VariMax as the rotation method (48.9%). A lack of consistency and serious voids in reporting of essential methodological information was found. Twenty-one items were selected to provide a standard quality criterion to report methods sections when using PCA. These evidence-based criteria will lead to a better understanding and applicability of the results and future study replications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela de Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Grupo de Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (J.P.-O.); or (M.R.-G.)
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, International Excellence Campus “Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
- Biovetmed & Sportsci Research Group, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (J.P.-O.); or (M.R.-G.)
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Sports Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10071 Caceres, Spain;
| | - Markel Rico-González
- Biovetmed & Sportsci Research Group, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Departament of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (J.P.-O.); or (M.R.-G.)
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Rojas-Valverde D, Rico-González M, Giménez-Egido JM, Pino-Ortega J. Physical fitness and conditioning in badminton school matches: a comparison between modalities and sexes. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2020.1845535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro De Investigación Y Diagnóstico En Salud Y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias Del Movimiento Humano Y Calidad De Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Grupo De Avances En Entrenamiento Deportivo Y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias Del Deporte, Universidad De Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Markel Rico-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María Giménez-Egido
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Rojas-Valverde D, Olcina G, Sánchez-Ureña B, Pino-Ortega J, Martínez-Guardado I, Timón R. Proteinuria and Bilirubinuria as Potential Risk Indicators of Acute Kidney Injury during Running in Outpatient Settings. Medicina (Kaunas) 2020; 56:medicina56110562. [PMID: 33120965 PMCID: PMC7692335 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore which urinary markers could indicate acute kidney injury (AKI) during prolonged trail running in outpatient settings. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine experienced trail runners (age 39.1 ± 8.8 years, weight 71.9 ± 11 kg, height 171.9 ± 8.3 cm) completed a 35 km event (cumulative positive ascend of 1815 m, altitude = 906 to 1178 m.a.s.l.) under a temperature of 25.52 ± 1.98 °C and humidity of 79.25 ± 7.45%). Two participant groups (AKI = 17 and No-AKI = 12) were made according to AKI diagnosis criteria based on pre- and post-race values of serum creatinine (sCr) (an increase of 1.5 times from baseline). Blood and urinalysis were performed immediately pre- and post-race. Results: Pre- vs. post-race differences in sCr and sBUN were found in both AKI and No-AKI groups (p < 0.01). Differences in post-race values were found between groups (p = 0.03). A total of 52% of AKI runners presented significant increases in proteinuria (χ2 = 0.94, p = 0.01) and 47% in bilirubinuria (χ2 = 0.94, p = 0.04). Conversely, No-AKI participants presented no significant increases in urine markers. Conclusions: These study’s findings may suggest the potential use of urinalysis as an accessible alternative in the outpatient setting to early identify transitional AKI until a clinical confirmation is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain;
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (G.O.); (R.T.); Tel.: +506-8825-0219 (D.R.-V.)
| | - Guillermo Olcina
- Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain;
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (G.O.); (R.T.); Tel.: +506-8825-0219 (D.R.-V.)
| | - Braulio Sánchez-Ureña
- Programa Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud (PROCESA), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica;
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Departmento de Actividad Física y Deporte, Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, 30720 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Rafael Timón
- Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain;
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (G.O.); (R.T.); Tel.: +506-8825-0219 (D.R.-V.)
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Gómez-Carmona CD, Bastida-Castillo A, Rojas-Valverde D, de la Cruz Sánchez E, García-Rubio J, Ibáñez SJ, Pino-Ortega J. Lower-limb Dynamics of Muscle Oxygen Saturation During the Back-squat Exercise: Effects of Training Load and Effort Level. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1227-1236. [PMID: 31809460 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gómez-Carmona, CD, Bastida-Castillo, A, Rojas-Valverde, D, de la Cruz Sánchez, E, García-Rubio, J, Ibáñez, SJ, and Pino-Ortega, J. Lower-limb dynamics of muscle oxygen saturation during the back-squat exercise: effects of training load and effort level. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1227-1236, 2020-The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of strength training on lower limb muscle oxygenation. The sample consisted of 12 male subjects (22.4 ± 1.73 years; 1.81 ± 0.08 cm height and 77.76 ± 8.77 kg body mass). Six different strength training stimuli were analyzed, based on the training variables: load (60-75% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) and level of effort (LE) (E1: 4 × 8 [20RM], E2: 4 × 12 [20RM], E3: 4 × 16 [20RM], E4: 4 × 4 [10RM], E5: 4 × 6 [10RM], and E6: 4 × 8 [10RM]) in the squat exercise up to 90° with a 2-second stop between repetitions to avoid the myotatic reflex. Oxygen saturation at the beginning of the series (SmO2start), oxygen saturation at the end of the series (SmO2stop), percentage of oxygen saturation loss (▽%SmO2), and reoxygenation time (SmO2recT) were assessed using a near-infrared spectroscopy device. In addition, the percentage of mean propulsive velocity loss (%MPVL) was recorded using a linear transducer. The results suggested an influence of LE and training load on muscle oxygenation. A greater LE was directly associated with SmO2recT (r = 0.864), ▽%SmO2 (r = 0.873), and %MPVL (r = 0.883) and inversely with SmO2stop (r = -0.871). When the same LE was used (E1 vs. E4, E2 vs. E5, and E3 vs. E6), it was found that the stimuli with a higher load had a lower SmO2recT, ▽%SmO2, and %MPVL and a higher SmO2stop. Muscle oxygen saturation was found to be minimal (%SmO2 = 0) in stimuli with a LE greater than 60% (E3 and E6). The SmO2 variables studied in the present research could be considered as an easier and more useful method for understanding skeletal muscle fatigue during resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Sport Science Faculty, International Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bastida-Castillo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Sport Science Faculty, International Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Center of Research and Diagnosis for Health and Sports (CIDISAD), School of Human Movement and Quality of Life, National University, Heredia, Costa Rica; and
| | - Ernesto de la Cruz Sánchez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Sport Science Faculty, International Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier García-Rubio
- Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.,Faculty of Education, Autonomous University of Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Sergio J Ibáñez
- Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Sport Science Faculty, International Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
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Rico-González M, Los Arcos A, Nakamura FY, Gantois P, Pino-Ortega J. A comparison between UWB and GPS devices in the measurement of external load and collective tactical behaviour variables during a professional official match. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2020.1823153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markel Rico-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Asier Los Arcos
- Society, Sports and Physical Exercise research Group (GIKAFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport,University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz
| | - Fabio Y. Nakamura
- Associate Graduate Programme in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Patrus Gantois
- Associate Graduate Programme in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Gómez-Carmona CD, Bastida-Castillo A, Ibáñez SJ, Pino-Ortega J. Accelerometry as a method for external workload monitoring in invasion team sports. A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236643. [PMID: 32841239 PMCID: PMC7447012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerometry is a recent method used to quantify workload in team sports. A rapidly increasing number of studies supports the practical implementation of accelerometry monitoring to regulate and optimize training schemes. Therefore, the purposes of this study were: (1) to reflect the current state of knowledge about accelerometry as a method of workload monitoring in invasion team sports according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and (2) to conclude recommendations for application and scientific investigations. The Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant published studies according to the following keywords: "accelerometry" or "accelerometer" or "microtechnology" or "inertial devices", and "load" or "workload", and "sport". Of the 1383 studies initially identified, 118 were selected for a full review. The main results indicate that the most frequent findings were (i) devices' body location: scapulae; (b) devices brand: Catapult Sports; (iii) variables: PlayerLoadTM and its variations; (iv) sports: rugby, Australian football, soccer and basketball; (v) sex: male; (vi) competition level: professional and elite; and (vii) context: separate training or competition. A great number of variables and devices from various companies make the comparability between findings difficult; unification is required. Although the most common location is at scapulae because of its optimal signal reception for time-motion analysis, new methods for multi-location skills and locomotion assessment without losing tracking accuracy should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression Department, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bastida-Castillo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports, International Excellence Campus “Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
- University Isabel I, Burgos, Spain
| | - Sergio J. Ibáñez
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression Department, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports, International Excellence Campus “Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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Gómez-Carmona CD, Bastida-Castillo A, González-Custodio A, Olcina G, Pino-Ortega J. Using an Inertial Device (WIMU PRO) to Quantify Neuromuscular Load in Running: Reliability, Convergent Validity, and Influence of Type of Surface and Device Location. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:365-373. [PMID: 31985715 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gómez-Carmona, CD, Bastida-Castillo, A, González-Custodio, A, Olcina, G, and Pino-Ortega, J. Using an inertial device (WIMU PRO) to quantify neuromuscular load in running: reliability, convergent validity, and influence of type of surface and device location. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 365-373, 2020-Currently, the use of accelerometers in sport is increasing, and thus, the devices are required to be valid and reliable. This study tested (a) the reliability and validity of WIMU PRO accelerometers to measure PlayerLoad (PL) and (b) the influence of speed, inertial device location, and type of surface where the incremental test is performed. Twenty resistance-trained men (age: 27.32 ± 6.65 years; height: 1.74 ± 0.03 m; body mass: 68.96 ± 4.37 kg; and body mass index: 22.76 ± 1.11 kg·m) volunteered to participate in the study that lasted 5 weeks. Four progressive incremental tests were performed in treadmill and athletic track conditions. External load variable (PL) and physiological variables (heart rate [HR] and SmO2) were recorded by 4 WIMU PRO inertial devices (scapulae, center of mass, knee, and ankle), a GARMIN HR band, and a MOXY near-infrared spectroscopy device, respectively. High reliability was found on both types of surface, showing the best values at the ankle (treadmill: intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.99, coefficient of variation [CV] = 4.65%; track: ICC = 0.96, CV = 6.54%). A nearly perfect convergent validity was shown with HRAVG (r = 0.99) and a moderate one with SmO2 (r = -0.69). Significant differences in the PL variable between surfaces were reported in all locations except the scapulae (p = 0.173), and the higher values were found on the track. In the analysis per location, the ankle location reported the highest values at all speeds and on the 2 surfaces analyzed. Assessment needs to be individualized, due to the great variability of gait biomechanics among subjects. The accelerometer location should be chosen according to the purpose of the measurement, with the ankle location being recommended for neuromuscular load analysis in running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Physical Activity and Sports Department, International Excellence Campus "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain.,Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD). Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain; and
| | - Alejandro Bastida-Castillo
- Physical Activity and Sports Department, International Excellence Campus "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - Adrián González-Custodio
- Updates for Sport Training and Physical Conditioning Research Group (GAEDAF), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Guillermo Olcina
- Updates for Sport Training and Physical Conditioning Research Group (GAEDAF), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Physical Activity and Sports Department, International Excellence Campus "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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Rico-González M, Pino-Ortega J, Nakamura FY, Arruda-Moura F, Los Arcos A. Origin and modifications of the geometrical centre to assess team behaviour in team sports: a systematic review. [Origen y modificaciones del punto geométrico para evaluar el comportamiento táctico colectivo en deportes de equipo: una revisión sistemática]. Rev int cienc deporte 2020. [DOI: 10.5232/ricyde2020.06106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rojas-Valverde D, S´´anchez-Ureña B, Ugalde-Ramírez A, Gómez-Carmona CD, Pino-Ortega J, Gutiérrez-Vargas R. Variación de la velocidad y la frecuencia cardiaca durante un maratón en un ambiente caluroso. PensarMov 2020. [DOI: 10.15517/pensarmov.v18i1.42155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la variación de la velocidad de carrera y la frecuencia cardíaca en corredores aficionados durante un maratón en un entorno de alto índice térmico. Dieciocho corredores aficionados (peso: 65.2 ± 12.21 kg, altura: 168.4 ± 10.6 cm, VO2max: 52.9 ± 7.1 ml/kg/min) corrieron un maratón (42195 m) en cercanía al mar bajo un índice térmico de 27.8 ± 3.52 ºC y con recorrido de 0-80 m.s.n.m. La prueba de Pearson mostró una correlación significativa entre el aumento del índice de estrés termal (TGBH) y la variación de la velocidad (r= 0.168, p= 0.049). En este sentido, la duración total de la carrera presentó una relación directa con la velocidad (r= 0.675, p= 0.003) y la variación de la frecuencia cardíaca (r= 0.631, p= 0.007). El tiempo final de carrera se explicó en un 61.6% y 37% por la variación de la velocidad de 26 a 30 km (r2= 0.61; F= 26.17; p< 0.001) y por la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca en el lapso de 31 a 35 km (r2= 0.37; F= 10.38; p< 0.001) respectivamente. En conclusión, el índice térmico provoca una disminución en el ritmo de la velocidad, siendo este efecto mayor en la segunda mitad de la carrera. Por lo anterior, entrenadores deben de planificar entrenamientos y estrategias para mitigar el impacto de estas condiciones en el desempeño físico y fisiológico de los corredores amateur.
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Oliva-Lozano JM, Rojas-Valverde D, Gómez-Carmona CD, Fortes V, Pino-Ortega J. Impact of contextual variables on the representative external load profile of Spanish professional soccer match-play: A full season study. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:497-506. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1751305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Research Group on Advances in Sport Training and Physical Conditioning (GAEDAF), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression Department, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, International Excellence Campus “Mare Nostrum”, Sport Science Faculty, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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