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Vasquez-Bonilla A, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Gómez-Carmona CD, Olcina G, Olivares-Arancibia J, Rojas-Valverde D. Calculating Load and Intensity Using Muscle Oxygen Saturation Data. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:113. [PMID: 38668581 PMCID: PMC11054888 DOI: 10.3390/sports12040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to calculate training intensity and load using muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) during two differentiated physical tasks. 29 university athletes participated in a 40-m Maximal Shuttle Run Test (MST, 10 × 40-m with 30 s recovery between sprints) and a 3000-m time trial run. Distance and time were used to calculate external load (EL). Internal load indicators were calculated based on percentage of maximum heart rate (%HRMAX) and SmO2 variables: muscle oxygen extraction (∇%SmO2) and the cardio-muscle oxygen index (CMOI) was also provided by relating ∇%SmO2 ÷ %HRMAX, and the training load were calculated as the product of speed (m/min × IL) and the efficiency index [Effindex (m/min ÷ IL)]. A student t test was applied based on Bayesian factor analysis. As expected, EL differed in the 40-m MST (331 ± 22.8) vs. 3000-m trials (222 ± 56.8) [BF10 = 6.25e+6; p = <0.001]. Likewise, IL showed higher values in 40-m MST (39.20 ± 15.44) vs. 3000-m (30.51 ± 8.67) in CMOI: [BF10 = 1.70; p = 0.039]. Training load was greater in 40-m MST (85.77 ± 27.40) vs. 3000-m (15.55 ± 6.77) [(m/min × ∇%SmO2): BF10 = 12.5; p = 0.003] and 40-m MST (129.27 ± 49.44) vs. 3000-m (70.63 ± 32.98) [(m/min × CMOI): BF10 = 169.6; p = <0.001]. Also, the Effindex was higher in 40-m MST (10.19 ± 4.17) vs. 3000-m (6.06 ± 2.21) [(m/min × ∇%SmO2): BF10 = 137.03; p = <0.001] and 40-m MST (9.69 ± 4.11) vs. 3000-m (7.55 ± 1.87) [(m/min × CMOI): BF10 = 1.86; p = 0.035]. This study demonstrates calculations of training intensity and load based on SmO2 as an internal load indicator along with speed as an external load indicator during two differentiated exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Vasquez-Bonilla
- Grupo de Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (A.V.-B.); (G.O.)
| | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Grupo de Optimización del Entrenamiento Deportivo, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Olcina
- Grupo de Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (A.V.-B.); (G.O.)
| | - Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 863000, Costa Rica;
- Núcleo de Estudios en Alto Rendimiento y Salud (NARS), Escuela del Movimiento Humano y Calidad deVida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 863000, Costa Rica
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Ibáñez SJ, Gómez-Carmona CD, López-Sierra P, Feu S. Intensity Thresholds for External Workload Demands in Basketball: Is Individualization Based on Playing Positions Necessary? Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1146. [PMID: 38400303 PMCID: PMC10891821 DOI: 10.3390/s24041146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Currently, basketball teams use inertial devices for monitoring external and internal workload demands during training and competitions. However, the intensity thresholds preset by device manufacturers are generic and not adapted for specific sports (e.g., basketball) and players' positions (e.g., guards, forwards, and centers). Using universal intensity thresholds may lead to failure in accurately capturing the true external load faced by players in different positions. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify external load demands based on playing positions and establish different intensity thresholds based on match demands in order to have specific reference values for teams belonging to the highest competitive level of Spanish basketball. Professional male players (n = 68) from the Spanish ACB league were monitored during preseason official games. Three specific positions were used to group the players: guards, forwards, and centers. Speed, accelerations, decelerations, impacts/min, and player load/min were collected via inertial devices. Two-step clustering and k-means clustering categorized load metrics into intensity zones for guards, forwards, and centers. Guards covered more distance at high speeds (12.72-17.50 km/h) than forwards and centers (p < 0.001). Centers experienced the most impacts/min (p < 0.001). Guards exhibited greater accelerations/decelerations, albeit mostly low magnitude (p < 0.001). K-means clustering allowed the setting of five zones revealing additional thresholds. All positions showed differences in threshold values (p < 0.001). The findings provide insights into potential disparities in the external load during competition and help establish position-specific intensity thresholds for optimal monitoring in basketball. These data are highly applicable to the design of training tasks at the highest competitive level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio J. Ibáñez
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Department of Didactics of Music Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Extremadura, Spain; (S.J.I.); (P.L.-S.); (S.F.)
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Department of Didactics of Music Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Extremadura, Spain; (S.J.I.); (P.L.-S.); (S.F.)
- BioVetMed & SportSci Research Group, International Excellence Campus “Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo López-Sierra
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Department of Didactics of Music Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Extremadura, Spain; (S.J.I.); (P.L.-S.); (S.F.)
| | - Sebastián Feu
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Department of Didactics of Music Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Extremadura, Spain; (S.J.I.); (P.L.-S.); (S.F.)
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Pino-Ortega J, Bastida-Castillo A, Gómez-Carmona CD, Rico-González M. Validity and reliability of an eight antennae ultra-wideband local positioning system to measure performance in an indoor environment. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:145-155. [PMID: 33208034 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1830162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Validity and reliability have become crucial factors in tracking player load and positioning. One of the most important parameters to guarantee accurate measurements with radiofrequency systems is the number of reference nodes used to calculate player position. However, the accuracy of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology has only been analysed with 6 antennae. So, the purpose of the present study was to analyse the accuracy and inter-unit reliability of an UWB system with eight antennae. Three well-trained males covered 18 trajectories for the analysis of x- and y- coordinate accuracy assessment related to the positional variation among eight antennae UWB data and lines on a basketball court. This was achieved using geographical information system mapping software that calculated, for each interval and participant, the distance from the main axis of locomotion and the opposite side of the field every 0.5 s. The results showed that this is a valid system (Mean = 0.03 m; magnitude differences = 0.21% with real measures as reference; %CV <1% in all cases) for measuring locomotion and positioning. Besides, the inter-unit, test-retest and inter-subject analysis did not influence the reliability results. So, an eight antennae UWB system can be considered suitable for locomotion and positioning in an indoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- BioVetMed & SportSci Research Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Department of Music, Plastic, and Body Expression, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Markel Rico-González
- BioVetMed & SportSci Research Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Rojas-Valverde D, Oliva-Lozano JM, Gutierrez-Vargas R, Pino-Ortega J, Muyor JM, Gómez-Carmona CD. The effects of simulated duathlon on multisegment running external and internal load in well-trained triathletes. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2023.2185744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Núcleo de Estudios en Alto Rendimiento y Salud (NARS), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | | | - Randall Gutierrez-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Núcleo de Estudios en Alto Rendimiento y Salud (NARS), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Grupo de Investigación BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI. Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - José M. Muyor
- Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics, and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER Lab.). Research Central Services, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Grupo de Investigación en Optimización del Entrenamiento y Rendimiento Deportivo (GOERD), Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Moreno-Villanueva A, Rico-González M, Gómez-Carmona CD, Gómez-Ruano MÁ, Silva N, Pino-Ortega J. What Is the Most Sensitive Test to Identify Fatigue through the Analysis of Neuromuscular Status in Male Elite Futsal Players? Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7702. [PMID: 36298053 PMCID: PMC9609378 DOI: 10.3390/s22207702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine which of the neuromuscular status (NMS) monitoring tests (1: Counter-movement jump, CMJ; 2: back squat with additional load) is the most sensitive and effective for evaluating the state of fatigue in futsal players during the preseason. Seventeen professional futsal players were recruited for this study (age: 23.07 ± 6.76 years; height: 1.75 ± 0.06 m; body mass: 75.47 ± 7.47 kg; playing experience in elite: 5.38 ± 2.03 years). All of them were evaluated during the preseason phase in two tests (CMJ and back squat with additional load) before and after each training session (pre- vs. post-test). A jump platform was used to extract jump height during CMJ, while a linear position transducer was used to extract mean velocity (MV) and mean propulsive velocity (MPV) during the back squat exercise. Significant differences were obtained for intra-subject analysis for MV and MPV in loaded back squat exercise (p < 0.001), finding lower values during the post-test. In conclusion, the monitoring of NMS through the back squat provides greater sensitivity and objectivity in comparison with CMJ, due to a more direct neuromuscular extrapolation to the physical demands of futsal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markel Rico-González
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. Gómez-Ruano
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuno Silva
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia (ISMAI), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
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Ibáñez SJ, Gómez-Carmona CD, Mancha-Triguero D. Individualization of Intensity Thresholds on External Workload Demands in Women's Basketball by K-Means Clustering: Differences Based on the Competitive Level. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22010324. [PMID: 35009866 PMCID: PMC8749797 DOI: 10.3390/s22010324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies found in the literature speed (SP), acceleration (ACC), deceleration (DEC), and impact (IMP) zones have been created according to arbitrary thresholds without considering the specific workload profile of the players (e.g., sex, competitive level, sport discipline). The use of statistical methods based on raw data could be considered as an alternative to be able to individualize these thresholds. The study purposes were to: (a) individualize SP, ACC, DEC, and IMP zones in two female professional basketball teams; (b) characterize the external workload profile of 5 vs. 5 during training sessions; and (c) compare the external workload according to the competitive level (first vs. second division). Two basketball teams were recorded during a 15-day preseason microcycle using inertial devices with ultra-wideband indoor tracking technology and microsensors. The zones of external workload variables (speed, acceleration, deceleration, impacts) were categorized through k-means clusters. Competitive level differences were analyzed with Mann–Whitney’s U test and with Cohen’s d effect size. Five zones were categorized in speed (<2.31, 2.31–5.33, 5.34–9.32, 9.33–13.12, 13.13–17.08 km/h), acceleration (<0.50, 0.50–1.60, 1.61–2.87, 2.88–4.25, 4.26–6.71 m/s2), deceleration (<0.37, 0.37–1.13, 1.14–2.07, 2.08–3.23, 3.24–4.77 m/s2), and impacts (<1, 1–2.99, 3–4.99, 5–6.99, 7–10 g). The women’s basketball players covered 60–51 m/min, performed 27–25 ACC-DEC/min, and experienced 134–120 IMP/min. Differences were found between the first and second division teams, with higher values in SP, ACC, DEC, and IMP in the first division team (p < 0.03; d = 0.21–0.56). In conclusion, k-means clustering can be considered as an optimal tool to categorize intensity zones in team sports. The individualization of external workload demands according to the competitive level is fundamental for designing training plans that optimize sports performance and reduce injury risk in sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio J. Ibáñez
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Didactics of Body Expression, Music and Plastic Department, Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10005 Caceres, Spain;
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Didactics of Body Expression, Music and Plastic Department, Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10005 Caceres, Spain;
- Section of Sport Technical Formation, Center of Professional Training CESUR, 30007 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.D.G.-C.); (D.M.-T.)
| | - David Mancha-Triguero
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Didactics of Body Expression, Music and Plastic Department, Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10005 Caceres, Spain;
- Department of Sport, CEU San Pablo University Cardenal Spínola, 41930 Bormujos, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.D.G.-C.); (D.M.-T.)
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Gómez-Carmona CD, Mancha-Triguero D, Pino-Ortega J, Ibáñez SJ. Characterization and Sex-Related Differences in the Multi-Location External Workload Profile of Semiprofessional Basketball Players. A Cross-Sectional Study. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1816-1826. [PMID: 34802390 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.2009040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCommonly, the monitoring of external workload has been performed using a single device on player's scapulae. The human body is a complex multi-articular system and quantification in a single location is insufficient, being necessary the assessment in multiple body locations simultaneously. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the multi-location external workload in men's and women's players and to analyze the sex-related differences during the most common movements in basketball. Twenty-six semi-professional basketball players (n=13 men, n=13 women) were evaluated in five tests: linear and curvilinear movements, changing of speed, jumping and in-game movements. PlayerLoadRT was evaluated at six anatomical locations simultaneously (scapulae, lumbar region, knees, and ankles) with WIMU PROTM inertial devices attached to the athlete using a full-body skinsuit. Statistical analysis was composed of a t-test of independent measures and Coheńs d effect size. The main results indicated: (1) the type of movement modified the external workload supported by the musculoskeletal structures; (2) sex-related differences were found in the vertical absorption of external workload (p<0.05); (3) no sex-related differences were shown in the horizontal profile (p>0.16). The multi-location monitoring will allow the identification of musculoskeletal structures with high vertical absorption of external load depending on sex (men > women: scapulae-lumbar and knee-ankle; women > men: lumbar-knee) and type of movement (scapulae-lumbar: decelerations; lumbar-knee: jumping; knee-ankle: in-game), just like horizontal differences in lower limb (outer > inner leg: curvilinear). Equally movements distribution throughout training sessions, strengthening and recovery programs of high-workload muscle groups according to player's characteristics could contributed to performance enhancement and reduce injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD). Didactics of Body Expression, Music and Plastic Department. Sport Science Faculty. University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - D Mancha-Triguero
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD). Didactics of Body Expression, Music and Plastic Department. Sport Science Faculty. University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - J Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group. Physical Activity and Sports Department. Sport Science Faculty. University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergio J Ibáñez
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD). Didactics of Body Expression, Music and Plastic Department. Sport Science Faculty. University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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Rojas-Valverde D, Gómez-Carmona CD, Bastida Castillo A, Nakamura FY, Giménez-Martínez E, Matabosch-Pijuán M, Bernal JR, Pino-Ortega J. A longitudinal analysis and data mining of the most representative external workload indicators of the whole elite Mexican soccer clubs elite Mexican soccer clubS. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2021.1996131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Clínica de Lesiones Deportivas (Rehab & Readapt), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Grupo de Investigación en Optimización Del Entrenamiento y Rendimiento Deportivo (Goerd), Departamento de Didáctica de la Música, Plástica y Expresión Corporal, Universidad de Extremadura. Cáceres, Extremadura, España
| | - Alejandro Bastida Castillo
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group. Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte. Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, España
| | - Fabio Y. Nakamura
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University Institute of Maia (Ismai), Maia, Portugal
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education Upe/ufpb, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jose R. Bernal
- Centro de Innovación Tecnológica, Liga BBVA, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group. Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte. Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, España
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Pino-Ortega J, Oliva-Lozano JM, Gómez-Carmona CD, Rojas-Valverde D, Bastida-Castillo A, Moreno-Pérez V, Nakamura FY. Impact of high-heeled and sport shoes on multi-joint external load profile during walking. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2021; 34:389-398. [PMID: 33459694 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-191591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have analysed the effect of wearing high-heeled shoes (HHS) on gait analysis, balance and its relation to health. However, further research is needed to study its effect on the difference of chain reactions in the transfer of body impacts from the lower to the upper limbs. OBJECTIVES The aims of the present research were: (a) to compare the effects of wearing HHS on impacts across body joints during walking with sport shoes (SS) as a reference, and (b) to examine such effects at different speeds. METHODS Seven well-trained women completed this study. Incremental treadmill walking test were performed with two different footwear: SS and HHS. Inertial devices were used to quantify the chain reactions at selected anatomical lower limbs and trunk locations. Statistical analysis included the Wilcoxon test with ranges and Cohen's d effect size with percentage of differences. RESULTS The highest values were found at the heel in both footwear and in both legs (SS: right =0.76 ± 0.27, left = 0.79 ± 0.27; HHS: right = 1.07 ± 0.38, left = 1.11 ± 0.41), while the lowest values were registered at lower and upper back. Furthermore, significant differences were found with the HHS load being higher at all locations (p< 0.05; %=𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓 12.20-36.36%), influenced by the walking speed. In addition, a strong influence of footwear in the change of the laterality profile was found (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the use of HHS increase the load on the lower limb and the trunk. Until reaching 5 km/h during walking, no significant differences were found between wearing HHS or SS in accelerometer load, producing exponential differences from this speed. The great between-subject variability implies that within-subject analysis is recommended, as it is more related to real clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group, Physical Activity and Sports Department, International Excellence Campus "Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Sports Science, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | | | - Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression Department, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Center of Research and Diagnosis in Health and Sports (CIDISAD), School of Human Movement Sciences an d Quality of Life (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Alejandro Bastida-Castillo
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group, Physical Activity and Sports Department, International Excellence Campus "Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Sports Science, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno-Pérez
- Pathology and Surgery Deparment, Faculty of Sports Science, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Fabio Y Nakamura
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal
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Gómez-Carmona CD, Mancha-Triguero D, Pino-Ortega J, Ibáñez SJ. Multi-Location External Workload Profile in Women's Basketball Players. A Case Study at the Semiprofessional-Level. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21134277. [PMID: 34206600 PMCID: PMC8296836 DOI: 10.3390/s21134277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The external workload measured in one anatomical location does not determine the total load supported by the human body. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to characterize the multi-location external workload through PlayerLoadRT of 13 semi-professional women’s basketball players, as well as to analyze differences among anatomical locations (inter-scapulae line, lumbar region, 2× knee, 2× ankle) and laterality (left vs. right) during five tests that represent the most common movements in basketball—(a) linear locomotion, 30-15 IFT; (b) acceleration and deceleration, 16.25-m RSA (c) curvilinear locomotion, 6.75-m arc (d) jump, Abalakov test (e) small-sided game, 10’ 3 vs. 3 10 × 15-m. Statistical analysis was composed of a repeated-measures t-test and eta partial squared effect size. Regarding laterality, differences were found only in curvilinear locomotion, with a higher workload in the outer leg (p < 0.01; ηp2 = 0.33–0.63). In the vertical profile, differences among anatomical locations were found in all tests (p < 0.01; ηp2 = 0.56–0.98). The nearer location to ground contact showed higher values except between the scapulae and lumbar region during jumps (p = 0.83; ηp2 = 0.00). In conclusion, the multi-location assessment of external workload through a previously validated test battery will make it possible to understand the individual effect of external workload in each anatomical location that depends on the type of locomotion. These results should be considered when designing specific strategies for training and injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10005 Caceres, Spain; (D.M.-T.); (S.J.I.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.G.-C.); (J.P.-O.)
| | - David Mancha-Triguero
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10005 Caceres, Spain; (D.M.-T.); (S.J.I.)
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group, Physical Activity and Sports Department, Sport Science Faculty, University of Murcia, Argentina Street s/n, San Javier, 30720 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.D.G.-C.); (J.P.-O.)
| | - Sergio J. Ibáñez
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10005 Caceres, Spain; (D.M.-T.); (S.J.I.)
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Pino-Ortega J, Gómez-Carmona CD, Rico-González M. Accuracy of Xiaomi Mi Band 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 to measure step count and distance for physical activity and healthcare in adults over 65 years. Gait Posture 2021; 87:6-10. [PMID: 33866152 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of step count and distance covered are of interest in healthcare and rehabilitation medicine, so fitness trackers and smartwatches have incorporated these metrics. In 2014, the introduction of new brands of these devices peaked, although the highest number of new devices was introduced in 2015. Even though Mi Band Xiaomi was among the top 5 regarding sales, it is not at the top of the fitness bands considered in research articles. RESEARCH QUESTION this study aimed to assess the validity of Xiaomi Mi Band 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 for recording steps and distance covered. METHOD The data were recorded from 26 elderly adults (71.2 ± 3.2 years old; 169.3 ± 5.8 height; 72.1 ± 9.2 weight), who covered the maximum distance possible at walking speed in a delimited outdoor space following different trajectories to compare data with the criterion measure, using three wristband devices (Xiaomi Mi Band versions 2.0, 3.0. and 4.0.). RESULTS In step count, the average bias was small (<2.6 steps) and no statistical differences were found between instruments (p > 0.76; t=0.30). However, Xiaomi Mi Band 4.0 obtained questionable validity (ICC = 0.76) for distance estimation. SIGNIFICANCE The accuracy of Mi Band Xiaomi 2.0., 3.0. and 4.0. may be considered as good to count the number of steps for physical activity monitoring, whereas distance estimation is considered questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pino-Ortega
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain; BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Optimization of Training and Sport Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Markel Rico-González
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, Lasarte 71, 01007, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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12
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Oliva-Lozano JM, Gómez-Carmona CD, Rojas-Valverde D, Fortes V, Pino-Ortega J. Effect of training day, match, and length of the microcycle on the worst-case scenarios in professional soccer players. Res Sports Med 2021; 30:425-438. [PMID: 33657955 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1895786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe in-season worst-case scenarios (WCS) of professional soccer players and compare the WCS between training and match days (MD), considering the length of microcycle. A cohort study was designed for four competitive mesocycles in LaLiga123. The WCS of distance covered (DIS), high-speed running distance (HSRD), and sprinting distance (SPD) for four different WCS durations (1', 3', 5', 10') were analysed. Statistical differences between the WCS from training and MD were found at all intensities and periods. The magnitude of differences was moderate in DIS-1' (F= 15.49; p< 0.01; ωp2= 0.09) and DIS-3' (F= 20.99; p< 0.01; ωp2= 0.12), and high in the rest of variables (F= 26.53-89.41; p< 0.01; ωp2= 0.15-0.38). Specifically, the WCS from MD reported the highest values at all intensities and periods. Regarding training days, the greatest WCS of DIS, HSRD, and SPD were found on MD-4, MD-3, and MD+1. Considering the length of microcycle, significant differences (p< 0.05) in training-days' WCS, but not in MD (p> 0.05). In conclusion, specific WCS training programmes (e.g., including 1 min to 10-min training drills in MD-4) may be useful to prepare the demands required on MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Oliva-Lozano
- Health Research Centre, Department of Education, Education Science College, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression Department, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.,Grupo de Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Deporte Faculty of Sports Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Víctor Fortes
- Unión Deportiva Almería, Sport Science Area, Almería, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed & SportSci Research Group, Physical Activity and Sports Department, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Gamonales JM, Muñoz-Jiménez J, Gómez-Carmona CD, Ibáñez SJ. Comparative external workload analysis based on the new functional classification in cerebral palsy football 7-a-side. A full-season study. Res Sports Med 2021; 30:295-307. [PMID: 33579162 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1888105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of functional classification (FT) is important for promoting competitive balance. Technological advances allow the objective monitoring of competitive demands that is required to manage and individualize workloads. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize external workload in all matches from the 2018/2019 season of the CPF7 Spanish National League and to compare demands based on the new FT (FT1, FT2 yFT3) in time-motion (locomotion and speed changes) and accelerometer-based workload (impacts). Statistical analysis was composed of one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc and omega partial squared effect size. Differences were found among all FT in total distance, running, high-intensity, sprinting, very high accelerations and decelerations (FT3> FT2> FT1; p < .01; ωp2= 0.29-to-0.43); and with respect to the highest functional limitation (FT3 = FT2> FT1) in maximum sprinting, moderate-high accelerations and decelerations, total impacts and at very-low intensity (ωp2= 0.13-to-0.29). In conclusion, FT3 players presented a physical advantage with respect to FT2-FT1 players in competition, especially in high-intensity actions that are crucial in team-sports performance. The present results facilitate designing specific training workloads according to FT, players' disability and competition demands, being the first approach to characterize match demands with inertial devices based on the new FT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Gamonales
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sport Performance (GOERD), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - J Muñoz-Jiménez
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sport Performance (GOERD), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sport Performance (GOERD), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - S J Ibáñez
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sport Performance (GOERD), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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Rojas-Valverde D, Pino-Ortega J, Gómez-Carmona CD, Rico-González M. A Systematic Review of Methods and Criteria Standard Proposal for the Use of Principal Component Analysis in Team's Sports Science. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17238712. [PMID: 33255212 PMCID: PMC7727687 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The availability of critical information about training and competition is fundamental on performance. Principal components analysis (PCA) is widely used in sports as a multivariate technique to manage big data from different technological assessments. This systematic review aimed to explore the methods reported and statistical criteria used in team's sports science and to propose a criteria standard to report PCA in further applications. A systematic electronic search was developed through four electronic databases and a total of 45 studies were included in the review for final analysis. Inclusion criteria: (i) of the studies we looked at, 22.22% performed factorability processes with different retention criteria (r > 0.4-0.7); (ii) 21 studies confirmed sample adequacy using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkim (KMO > 5-8) and 22 reported Bartlett's sphericity; (iii) factor retention was considered if eigenvalues >1-1.5 (n = 29); (iv) 23 studies reported loading retention (>0.4-0.7); and (v) used VariMax as the rotation method (48.9%). A lack of consistency and serious voids in reporting of essential methodological information was found. Twenty-one items were selected to provide a standard quality criterion to report methods sections when using PCA. These evidence-based criteria will lead to a better understanding and applicability of the results and future study replications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela de Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Grupo de Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (J.P.-O.); or (M.R.-G.)
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, International Excellence Campus “Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
- Biovetmed & Sportsci Research Group, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (J.P.-O.); or (M.R.-G.)
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Sports Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10071 Caceres, Spain;
| | - Markel Rico-González
- Biovetmed & Sportsci Research Group, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Departament of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (J.P.-O.); or (M.R.-G.)
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15
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Gómez-Carmona CD, Bastida-Castillo A, Rojas-Valverde D, de la Cruz Sánchez E, García-Rubio J, Ibáñez SJ, Pino-Ortega J. Lower-limb Dynamics of Muscle Oxygen Saturation During the Back-squat Exercise: Effects of Training Load and Effort Level. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1227-1236. [PMID: 31809460 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gómez-Carmona, CD, Bastida-Castillo, A, Rojas-Valverde, D, de la Cruz Sánchez, E, García-Rubio, J, Ibáñez, SJ, and Pino-Ortega, J. Lower-limb dynamics of muscle oxygen saturation during the back-squat exercise: effects of training load and effort level. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1227-1236, 2020-The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of strength training on lower limb muscle oxygenation. The sample consisted of 12 male subjects (22.4 ± 1.73 years; 1.81 ± 0.08 cm height and 77.76 ± 8.77 kg body mass). Six different strength training stimuli were analyzed, based on the training variables: load (60-75% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) and level of effort (LE) (E1: 4 × 8 [20RM], E2: 4 × 12 [20RM], E3: 4 × 16 [20RM], E4: 4 × 4 [10RM], E5: 4 × 6 [10RM], and E6: 4 × 8 [10RM]) in the squat exercise up to 90° with a 2-second stop between repetitions to avoid the myotatic reflex. Oxygen saturation at the beginning of the series (SmO2start), oxygen saturation at the end of the series (SmO2stop), percentage of oxygen saturation loss (▽%SmO2), and reoxygenation time (SmO2recT) were assessed using a near-infrared spectroscopy device. In addition, the percentage of mean propulsive velocity loss (%MPVL) was recorded using a linear transducer. The results suggested an influence of LE and training load on muscle oxygenation. A greater LE was directly associated with SmO2recT (r = 0.864), ▽%SmO2 (r = 0.873), and %MPVL (r = 0.883) and inversely with SmO2stop (r = -0.871). When the same LE was used (E1 vs. E4, E2 vs. E5, and E3 vs. E6), it was found that the stimuli with a higher load had a lower SmO2recT, ▽%SmO2, and %MPVL and a higher SmO2stop. Muscle oxygen saturation was found to be minimal (%SmO2 = 0) in stimuli with a LE greater than 60% (E3 and E6). The SmO2 variables studied in the present research could be considered as an easier and more useful method for understanding skeletal muscle fatigue during resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Sport Science Faculty, International Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bastida-Castillo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Sport Science Faculty, International Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Center of Research and Diagnosis for Health and Sports (CIDISAD), School of Human Movement and Quality of Life, National University, Heredia, Costa Rica; and
| | - Ernesto de la Cruz Sánchez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Sport Science Faculty, International Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier García-Rubio
- Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.,Faculty of Education, Autonomous University of Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Sergio J Ibáñez
- Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Sport Science Faculty, International Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
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Gómez-Carmona CD, Bastida-Castillo A, Ibáñez SJ, Pino-Ortega J. Accelerometry as a method for external workload monitoring in invasion team sports. A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236643. [PMID: 32841239 PMCID: PMC7447012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerometry is a recent method used to quantify workload in team sports. A rapidly increasing number of studies supports the practical implementation of accelerometry monitoring to regulate and optimize training schemes. Therefore, the purposes of this study were: (1) to reflect the current state of knowledge about accelerometry as a method of workload monitoring in invasion team sports according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and (2) to conclude recommendations for application and scientific investigations. The Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant published studies according to the following keywords: "accelerometry" or "accelerometer" or "microtechnology" or "inertial devices", and "load" or "workload", and "sport". Of the 1383 studies initially identified, 118 were selected for a full review. The main results indicate that the most frequent findings were (i) devices' body location: scapulae; (b) devices brand: Catapult Sports; (iii) variables: PlayerLoadTM and its variations; (iv) sports: rugby, Australian football, soccer and basketball; (v) sex: male; (vi) competition level: professional and elite; and (vii) context: separate training or competition. A great number of variables and devices from various companies make the comparability between findings difficult; unification is required. Although the most common location is at scapulae because of its optimal signal reception for time-motion analysis, new methods for multi-location skills and locomotion assessment without losing tracking accuracy should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression Department, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bastida-Castillo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports, International Excellence Campus “Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
- University Isabel I, Burgos, Spain
| | - Sergio J. Ibáñez
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression Department, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports, International Excellence Campus “Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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Gómez-Carmona CD, Bastida-Castillo A, González-Custodio A, Olcina G, Pino-Ortega J. Using an Inertial Device (WIMU PRO) to Quantify Neuromuscular Load in Running: Reliability, Convergent Validity, and Influence of Type of Surface and Device Location. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:365-373. [PMID: 31985715 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gómez-Carmona, CD, Bastida-Castillo, A, González-Custodio, A, Olcina, G, and Pino-Ortega, J. Using an inertial device (WIMU PRO) to quantify neuromuscular load in running: reliability, convergent validity, and influence of type of surface and device location. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 365-373, 2020-Currently, the use of accelerometers in sport is increasing, and thus, the devices are required to be valid and reliable. This study tested (a) the reliability and validity of WIMU PRO accelerometers to measure PlayerLoad (PL) and (b) the influence of speed, inertial device location, and type of surface where the incremental test is performed. Twenty resistance-trained men (age: 27.32 ± 6.65 years; height: 1.74 ± 0.03 m; body mass: 68.96 ± 4.37 kg; and body mass index: 22.76 ± 1.11 kg·m) volunteered to participate in the study that lasted 5 weeks. Four progressive incremental tests were performed in treadmill and athletic track conditions. External load variable (PL) and physiological variables (heart rate [HR] and SmO2) were recorded by 4 WIMU PRO inertial devices (scapulae, center of mass, knee, and ankle), a GARMIN HR band, and a MOXY near-infrared spectroscopy device, respectively. High reliability was found on both types of surface, showing the best values at the ankle (treadmill: intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.99, coefficient of variation [CV] = 4.65%; track: ICC = 0.96, CV = 6.54%). A nearly perfect convergent validity was shown with HRAVG (r = 0.99) and a moderate one with SmO2 (r = -0.69). Significant differences in the PL variable between surfaces were reported in all locations except the scapulae (p = 0.173), and the higher values were found on the track. In the analysis per location, the ankle location reported the highest values at all speeds and on the 2 surfaces analyzed. Assessment needs to be individualized, due to the great variability of gait biomechanics among subjects. The accelerometer location should be chosen according to the purpose of the measurement, with the ankle location being recommended for neuromuscular load analysis in running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Physical Activity and Sports Department, International Excellence Campus "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain.,Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD). Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain; and
| | - Alejandro Bastida-Castillo
- Physical Activity and Sports Department, International Excellence Campus "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - Adrián González-Custodio
- Updates for Sport Training and Physical Conditioning Research Group (GAEDAF), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Guillermo Olcina
- Updates for Sport Training and Physical Conditioning Research Group (GAEDAF), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Physical Activity and Sports Department, International Excellence Campus "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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Rojas-Valverde D, S´´anchez-Ureña B, Ugalde-Ramírez A, Gómez-Carmona CD, Pino-Ortega J, Gutiérrez-Vargas R. Variación de la velocidad y la frecuencia cardiaca durante un maratón en un ambiente caluroso. PensarMov 2020. [DOI: 10.15517/pensarmov.v18i1.42155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la variación de la velocidad de carrera y la frecuencia cardíaca en corredores aficionados durante un maratón en un entorno de alto índice térmico. Dieciocho corredores aficionados (peso: 65.2 ± 12.21 kg, altura: 168.4 ± 10.6 cm, VO2max: 52.9 ± 7.1 ml/kg/min) corrieron un maratón (42195 m) en cercanía al mar bajo un índice térmico de 27.8 ± 3.52 ºC y con recorrido de 0-80 m.s.n.m. La prueba de Pearson mostró una correlación significativa entre el aumento del índice de estrés termal (TGBH) y la variación de la velocidad (r= 0.168, p= 0.049). En este sentido, la duración total de la carrera presentó una relación directa con la velocidad (r= 0.675, p= 0.003) y la variación de la frecuencia cardíaca (r= 0.631, p= 0.007). El tiempo final de carrera se explicó en un 61.6% y 37% por la variación de la velocidad de 26 a 30 km (r2= 0.61; F= 26.17; p< 0.001) y por la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca en el lapso de 31 a 35 km (r2= 0.37; F= 10.38; p< 0.001) respectivamente. En conclusión, el índice térmico provoca una disminución en el ritmo de la velocidad, siendo este efecto mayor en la segunda mitad de la carrera. Por lo anterior, entrenadores deben de planificar entrenamientos y estrategias para mitigar el impacto de estas condiciones en el desempeño físico y fisiológico de los corredores amateur.
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Oliva-Lozano JM, Rojas-Valverde D, Gómez-Carmona CD, Fortes V, Pino-Ortega J. Impact of contextual variables on the representative external load profile of Spanish professional soccer match-play: A full season study. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:497-506. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1751305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Research Group on Advances in Sport Training and Physical Conditioning (GAEDAF), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Optimization of Training and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression Department, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, International Excellence Campus “Mare Nostrum”, Sport Science Faculty, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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Rojas-Valverde D, Gómez-Carmona CD, Fernández-Fernández J, García-López J, García-Tormo V, Cabello-Manrique D, Pino-Ortega J. Identification of games and sex-related activity profile in junior international badminton. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2020.1745045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro De Investigación Y Diagnóstico En Salud Y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias Del Movimiento Humano Y Calidad De Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Research Group on Advances in Sport Training and Physical Conditioning, Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Optimization of Training and Sport Performance Research Group (GOERD). Sport Science Faculty. University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Jaime Fernández-Fernández
- Human Movement and Sport Performance Research Group (AMRED). Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad De León, Spain
| | - Juan García-López
- Human Movement and Sport Performance Research Group (AMRED). Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad De León, Spain
| | - Vicente García-Tormo
- Human Movement and Sport Performance Research Group (AMRED). Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad De León, Spain
| | - David Cabello-Manrique
- Department of Physical Education and Sport. Sport Science Faculty. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. International Excellence Campus “Mare Nostrum”. Sport Science Faculty, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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Rojas-Valverde D, Gómez-Carmona CD, Oliva-Lozano JM, Ibáñez SJ, Pino-Ortega J. Quarter’s external workload demands of basketball referees during a European youth congested-fixture tournament. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2020.1759299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro De Investigación Y Diagnóstico En Salud Y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias Del Movimiento Humano Y Calidad De Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Group in Updates for Sport Training and Physical Conditioning (GAEDAF), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Optimization of Training and Sport Performance Research Group (GOERD). Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | | | - Sergio J. Ibáñez
- Optimization of Training and Sport Performance Research Group (GOERD). Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Jose Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. International Excellence Campus “Mare Nostrum”. Sport Science Faculty, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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22
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Granero-Gil P, Gómez-Carmona CD, Bastida-Castillo A, Rojas-Valverde D, de la Cruz E, Pino-Ortega J. Influence of playing position and laterality in centripetal force and changes of direction in elite soccer players. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232123. [PMID: 32324801 PMCID: PMC7179881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to: (a) assess centripetal force (CentF) and changes of direction (COD) in elite soccer players according to playing position (central defender, CD; lateral defender, LD; central midfielder, CM; lateral midfielder, LM; forward, FW), laterality (right-footed vs. left-footed) and field zone (central vs. lateral), and (b) analyze the relationship between anthropometric characteristics (age, weight, height, body mass and fat mass) and non-linear locomotion workload. Thirty professional soccer players (age: 26.57±5.56 years) were tracked during the 2017–2018 season during friendly, national and international matches (38 total games) using inertial measurement devices. CentF and COD were the variables extracted for analysis. A one-way ANOVA was used for playing position comparison, a t-test for laterality and field zone, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient to analyze relationships between anthropometric characteristics and dependent variables. There were differences by playing position in COD (556.33-to-412.18), R20COD (484.36-to-354.81) and R60COD (48.38-to-38.61) (p < .01; ωp2 = 0.03-to-0.05; CD>CM>LD>LM = FW); in CODHIA (49.75-to-37.11), R20CODHIA (16.04-to-9.11) and R60CODHIA (10.64-to-9.11) (p < .01; ωp2 = 0.03-to-0.07; CM>FW>LM>CD = LD); in CODSPRINT (14.56-to-8.40) and R20CODSPRINT (3.29-to-1.40) (p < .01; ωp2 = 0.03-to-0.04; FW = LM = CM>CD = LD); and in CentFMAX both in clockwise (992.04-to-902.09N) and counterclockwise (999.24-to-872.61N) directions (p < .02; ωp2 = 0.02-to-0.07; FW = CD>CM = LM = LD). The highest values of counterclockwise CentF were performed by left-footed players in the central zone (p < .001; d = 0.71-to-1.44) and clockwise CentF by right-footed players (p < .001; d = 0.04-to-0.55) in the lateral field zone. Moderate correlations were found between age, body mass and high intensity/sprints COD and repeated COD ability (p < .05; r = 0.235-to-0.383). Therefore, team staff should consider anthropometric characteristics, playing position, laterality and field zone to individualize training workload related to non-linear locomotion in soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulino Granero-Gil
- Fitness Coach of PFC CSKA Moscow and Russian Football Union, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Sport Science Faculty, Universidad de Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Optimization of Training and Sport Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Alejandro Bastida-Castillo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Sport Science Faculty, Universidad de Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Research Center of Sport and Health Diagnosis (CIDISAD), School of Human Movement Science and Quality of Life, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Group in Updates for Sport Training and Physical Conditioning (GAEDAF), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Ernesto de la Cruz
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Sport Science Faculty, Universidad de Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Sport Science Faculty, Universidad de Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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Rojas-Valverde D, Sánchez-Ureña B, Ugalde-Ramírez A, Gómez-Carmona CD, Pino-Ortega J, Gutiérrez-Vargas R. Variación de la velocidad y la frecuencia cardiaca durante un maratón en un ambiente caluroso. PensarMov 2020. [DOI: 10.15517/pensarmov.v18i1.37602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to analyze the variation of running speed and heart rate in amateur runners during a marathon in a hot environment. Eighteen runners (weight: 65.2 ± 12.21 kg, height: 168.4 ± 10.6 cm, VO2max: 52.9 ± 7.1 ml/kg/min) took part of a beach-side marathon (42195 m) under a temperature of 27.8 ± 3.52 ºC and at 0-80 m altitude. Pearson’s correlation showed a significant linear relationship between the increase in thermal stress index (WGBT) and the speed variation (r= 0.168, p= 0.049). In this respect, the total duration of the race revealed a direct relationship with speed (r= 0.675, p= 0.003) and heart rate (r= 0.631, p= 0.007) variation. Multiple regressions analysis showed that 61.6% of the final race time was explained by the speed variation in the 26 to 30 km course section (r2= 0.61; F= 26.17; p< 0.001) and 37% by the heart rate variation in the 31 to 35 km section (r2= 0.37; F= 10.38; p< 0.001). In conclusion, an increase in the environmental temperature provoked a decrease in running pacing, with a stronger effect in the second half of the race. Therefore, coaches should take these aspects into account in training and strategies to mitigate the impact of these conditions on the physical and physiological performance of amateur runners.
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Pino-Ortega J, Gómez-Carmona CD, Nakamura FY, Rojas-Valverde D. Setting Kinematic Parameters That Explain Youth Basketball Behavior: Influence of Relative Age Effect According to Playing Position. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:820-826. [PMID: 32084109 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pino-Ortega, J, Gómez-Carmona, CD, Nakamura, FY, Rojas-Valverde, D, and Effect, RA. Setting kinematic parameters that explain youth basketball behavior: Influence of relative age effect according to playing position. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The aims of the present study were to: (a) set kinematic behavior parameters during official matches by principal component analysis (PCA), (b) examine the distribution of birth dates in competitive basketball, differentiating by playing position and, (c) analyze the relative age effect (RAE) on kinematic performance according to playing position. A total of 94 young elite athletes participated in an official U18 Euroleague tournament (8 clubs, 4 days, 3 games). Kinematic motion variables were measured using an inertial device worn by all players during matches. A total of 252 variables were measured, a PCA was performed to select them for final analysis and 3 principal components and 6 variables were extracted (maximum acceleration [MAcc], average acceleration [PAcc], landing 8-100 G [Ldg 8-100 g·min], relative distance [RD], jump average take off [MJumpsTO], and jump average landing [MJumpsLdg]). These variables explained 66.3% of total variance. Differences were found in RD (p = 0.04; ωp = 0.02), PAcc (p = 0.04; ωp = 0.02), MAcc (p < 0.01; ωp = 0.03), and Ldg 8-100 g·min (p = 0.02; ωp = 0.02) because of RAE. There were differences by playing position in Ldg 8-100 g·min (guards, p = 0.04; ωp = 0.03), MAcc (forwards, p < 0.01; ωp = 0.07; centers, p < 0.01; ωp = 0.44), PAcc (centers, p < 0.01; ωp = 0.34) and in MJumpsLdg (centers, p = 0.03; ωp = 0.13). Results suggested that RAE does have an impact on kinematic variables, and is affected by playing position in variables such as MAcc, PAcc, MJumpsLdg, and Ldg 8-100 g·min. The extracted variables are well-known intensity indicators and fundamental performance variables. This evidence should be taken into account by sport scientists and coaches to develop individualized training programs and match tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum," Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Optimization Group of Sports Training and Performance (GOERD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fabio Y Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Center of Research and Diagnosis in Health and Sports (CIDISAD), School of Human Movement Sciences and Quality of Life, University National, Heredia, Costa Rica.,Group of Advances in Sports Training and Physical Conditioning (GAEDAF), Faculty Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Fernández-Leo A, Gómez-Carmona CD, García-Rubio J, Ibáñez SJ. Influence of Contextual Variables on Physical and Technical Performance in Male Amateur Basketball: A Case Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17041193. [PMID: 32069864 PMCID: PMC7068400 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, most basketball research is focused on professional and elite players. Studies at the amateur level are important to explain the physical and technical demands of competition and thus improve players' and teams' performance. The purpose of the present study was to describe the competitive demands of an amateur-level basketball team and to analyze the influence of different situational variables on the physical and technical performance indicators. Eleven amateur senior basketball players participated in six official final-round games during the 2018/2019 season. External, internal load, and notational analysis were registered by inertial devices, heart rate bands, and video analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis H-test was applied for comparisons based on playing positions, periods, and final quarter game outcome, with the post hoc comparison accomplished by a Mann-Whitney U test. The Spearman correlation coefficient was realized for the relational analysis. The results showed that: (a) guards covered more volume of displacements (effective on-court time: p < 0.01, E R 2 = 0.05; steps/min: p < 0.01, E R 2 = 0.28) and the centers performed competitive actions of higher load ([>8G] Imp/min: p < 0.01, E R 2 = 0.20; jumps/min: p < 0.01, E R 2 = 0.33); (b) a performance decreasing was found between the first and second half of the game; (c) in balanced matches there was the most individual technical performance (PIR/min: p < 0.98, E R 2 = 0.01), while in the unbalanced games more high-intensity impacts were seen ([>8G] Imp/min: p < 0.01, E R 2 = 0.07). The situational variables analyzed had an influence on athletic performance in amateur senior basketball players and should be considered for designing training sessions and planning strategies during official matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernández-Leo
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10005 Caceres, Spain; (A.F.-L.); (S.J.I.)
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10005 Caceres, Spain; (A.F.-L.); (S.J.I.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.G.-C.); (J.G.-R.); Tel.: +34-6-6423-3394 (C.D.G.-C.); +34-6-0429-0511 (J.G.-R.)
| | - Javier García-Rubio
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10005 Caceres, Spain; (A.F.-L.); (S.J.I.)
- Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
- Correspondence: (C.D.G.-C.); (J.G.-R.); Tel.: +34-6-6423-3394 (C.D.G.-C.); +34-6-0429-0511 (J.G.-R.)
| | - Sergio J. Ibáñez
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10005 Caceres, Spain; (A.F.-L.); (S.J.I.)
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González-Haro PJ, Gómez-Carmona CD, Bastida-Castillo A, Rojas-Valverde D, Gómez-López M, Pino-Ortega J. Analysis of playing position and match statusrelated differences in external load demands on amateur handball: a case study. Rev bras cineantropom desempenho hum 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2020v22e71427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Currently, the load quantification during training and competition in all sports is important to injury prevention, design specific training sessions, and player performance enhancement. The present study aimed to describe the external load profile of amateur-level handball players and to compare the playing position and match outcome-related differences in an official 2nd Regional Division male official match. 19 handball players were monitored by WIMU PROTM electronic performance and tracking systems (EPTS) with ultrawide-band (UWB) indoor location technology. Statistical analysis was composed of a t-student independent sample test and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posthoc. In amateur handball, most demands are composed of aerobic intensity displacements (<12 km/h, 76% playing time) and low-intensity impacts (<5G). Differences were found between playing positions where wingers obtained the greatest values in high-intensity actions, centers in the volume of demands, and defensive specialist players in impacts. Besides, the winning teams performed greater high-intensity demands both in displacements and speed changes. In conclusion, the present results realized the first approximation to handball amateur demands, considering the playing role and match status-related demands to design specific training plans.
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Rojas-Valverde D, Gómez-Carmona CD, Gutiérrez-Vargas R, Pino-Ortega J. From big data mining to technical sport reports: the case of inertial measurement units. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000565. [PMID: 31673403 PMCID: PMC6797247 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The inertial measurement units (IMU) are instruments used to quantify the external load of athletes; they are increasingly common in assessing team and individual sports. This type of instruments has several sensors, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers; this allows access to a large amount of information and analysis possibilities. Due to the complexity of synthesising this data, it is necessary to create a flow for collecting, analysing and presenting the collected data in a simple way and present it as quickly as possible to the technical staff. This report aims to present new methods of reduction of the data and propose a new approach method for the analysis of the IMU's outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | | | - Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Jose Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed & SportSci Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Bastida-Castillo A, Gómez-Carmona CD, De La Cruz Sánchez E, Pino-Ortega J. Comparing accuracy between global positioning systems and ultra-wideband-based position tracking systems used for tactical analyses in soccer. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 19:1157-1165. [PMID: 30922175 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1584248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Current studies have reported high accuracy in global positioning system (GPS) and recently developed ultra-wideband (UWB)-based tracking systems for monitoring time - motion patterns. The accuracy and reliability of both systems may be different in tactical analysis application, an aspect that has never been studied previously. The aims of the present study were: (i) to determine and compare the accuracy of GPS and UWB technologies in soccer players' positions (ii) to compare the tactical application of both systems. Following institutional ethical approval and familiarisation, 14 well-trained soccer players performed tests around five courses: (a) field perimeter, (b) halfway line, (c) centre circle, (d) perimeter of the penalty area, and (e) semicircle penalty area. Also, a small-sided game was played monitored with WIMUPRO™ to determine real and practical differences in accuracy of both systems in tactical analysis. For the GPS, the mean absolute error (N = 9445) of "x" and "y" coordinates was 41.23 ± 17.31 cm and 47.6 ± 8.97 cm, respectively. For UWB, it was 9.57 ± 2.66 cm and 7.15 ± 2.62 cm. The results of the "x" and "y" accuracy comparison were significantly lower in all cases (p < 0.05) with an ES of 0.78 and 0.95, respectively. In a real practical application, the differences of both systems reached 8.31% in typical tactical variables (ES = 0.11). In contrast to GPS-10Hz, UWB WIMUPRO™-20 Hz has been demonstrated to be an acceptable technology to estimate the position of players on the pitch with high accuracy and be a useful, automatic, and portable instrument for tactical analysis measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bastida-Castillo
- BioVetMed & SportSci Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Doctoral Student in Sport Science. Physical Activity and Sport Department. University of Extremadura , Caceres , Spain
| | - Ernesto De La Cruz Sánchez
- BioVetMed & SportSci Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed & SportSci Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
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Hernández-Belmonte A, Bastida-Castillo A, Gómez-Carmona CD, Pino-Ortega J. Validity and reliability of an inertial device (WIMU PROTM) to quantify physical activity level through steps measurement. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:587-592. [PMID: 29589407 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is an increase in the application of accelerometers to quantify physical activity level through daily steps, and therefore, it is required that the devices are valid and reliable. The current study tested the validity of the WIMU PROTM inertial device in steps detection and the inter-device reliability for steps measurement. METHODS Ten endurance-trained men volunteered to participate in this study (height: 1.78±0.05 m; body mass: 72.96±4.2 kg). Twelve trials of 40.32 m at different speeds (four trials at each speed) were performed: 1) walking (<5 km/h); 2) jogging (5-10 km/h) and running (10-15 km/h). The video analysis was used as criterion to assess validity, while, two WIMU PROTM inertial devices were compared to assess between-unit reliability. RESULTS A near-perfect validity between video analysis and WIMU PROTM (ICC=0.999; bias=0.03) and a very good reliability between WIMU PROTM devices (bias=-0.01; CV=0.02%) was found. The highest values were found at walking (ICC=0.999) and the lowest values were found at running (ICC=0.995). CONCLUSIONS WIMU PROTM is a reliable and valid device to quantify physical activity level through steps measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos D Gómez-Carmona
- Physical Activity and Sport Department, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain - .,Optimization of Training and Sport Performance Research Group (GOERD), University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Physical Activity and Sport Department, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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