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Ivory K, Angotti R, Messina M, Bonente D, Paternostro F, Gulisano M, Nicoletti C. Alteration of Immunoregulatory Patterns and Survival Advantage of Key Cell Types in Food Allergic Children. Cells 2023; 12:2736. [PMID: 38067164 PMCID: PMC10706629 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
All allergic responses to food indicate the failure of immunological tolerance, but it is unclear why cow's milk and egg (CME) allergies resolve more readily than reactivity to peanuts (PN). We sought to identify differences between PN and CME allergies through constitutive immune status and responses to cognate and non-cognate food antigens. Children with confirmed allergy to CME (n = 6) and PN (n = 18) and non-allergic (NA) (n = 8) controls were studied. Constitutive secretion of cytokines was tested in plasma and unstimulated mononuclear cell (PBMNC) cultures. Blood dendritic cell (DC) subsets were analyzed alongside changes in phenotypes and soluble molecules in allergen-stimulated MNC cultures with or without cytokine neutralization. We observed that in allergic children, constitutively high plasma levels IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 but less IL-12p70 than in non-allergic children was accompanied by the spontaneous secretion of sCD23, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p70, IFN-γ and TNF-α in MNC cultures. Furthermore, blood DC subset counts differed in food allergy. Antigen-presenting cell phenotypic abnormalities were accompanied by higher B and T cell percentages with more Bcl-2 within CD69+ subsets. Cells were generally refractory to antigenic stimulation in vitro, but IL-4 neutralization led to CD152 downregulation by CD4+ T cells from PN allergic children responding to PN allergens. Canonical discriminant analyses segregated non-allergic and allergic children by their cytokine secretion patterns, revealing differences and areas of overlap between PN and CME allergies. Despite an absence of recent allergen exposure, indication of in vivo activation, in vitro responses independent of challenging antigen and the presence of unusual costimulatory molecules suggest dysregulated immunity in food allergy. Most importantly, higher Bcl-2 content within key effector cells implies survival advantage with the potential to mount abnormal responses that may give rise to the manifestations of allergy. Here, we put forward the hypothesis that the lack of apoptosis of key immune cell types might be central to the development of food allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rossella Angotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (R.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Mario Messina
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (R.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Denise Bonente
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Paternostro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (F.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (F.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (F.P.); (M.G.)
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Gonzalez-Visiedo M, Li X, Munoz-Melero M, Kulis MD, Daniell H, Markusic DM. Single-dose AAV vector gene immunotherapy to treat food allergy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 26:309-322. [PMID: 35990748 PMCID: PMC9361215 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies for patients with food allergy have shown some success in limiting allergic responses. However, these approaches require lengthy protocols with repeated allergen dosing and patients can relapse following discontinuation of treatment. The purpose of this study was to test if a single dose of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector can safely prevent and treat egg allergy in a mouse model. AAV vectors expressing ovalbumin (OVA) under an ubiquitous or liver-specific promoter were injected prior to or after epicutaneous sensitization with OVA. Mice treated with either AAV8-OVA vector were completely protected from allergy sensitization. These animals had a significant reduction in anaphylaxis mediated by a reduction in OVA-specific IgE titers. In mice with established OVA allergy, allergic responses were mitigated only in mice treated with an AAV8-OVA vector expressing OVA from an ubiquitous promoter. In conclusion, an AAV vector with a liver-specific promoter was more effective for allergy prevention, but higher OVA levels were necessary for reducing symptoms in preexisting allergy. Overall, our AAV gene immunotherapy resulted in an expansion of OVA-specific FoxP3+ CD4+ T cells, an increase in the regulatory cytokine IL-10, and a reduction in the IgE promoting cytokine IL-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gonzalez-Visiedo
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-155, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-155, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Maite Munoz-Melero
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-155, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael D Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David M Markusic
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-155, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Nowicka D, Chilicka K, Dzieńdziora-Urbińska I. Host-Microbe Interaction on the Skin and Its Role in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11010071. [PMID: 35056019 PMCID: PMC8779626 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a condition with a complex and unclear aetiology. Possible causes of AD encompass alterations in the structure and function of the epidermal barrier, disturbances in the skin microbiome, immune factors, allergens, bacterial and fungal infections as well as environmental and genetic factors. In patients with AD, acute skin lesions are colonized by a greater number of bacteria and fungi than chronic lesions, clinically unchanged atopic skin and the skin of healthy people. Mechanisms promoting skin colonization by pathogens include complex interplay among several factors. Apart from disturbances of the skin microbiome, increased adhesion in atopic skin, defects of innate immune response resulting in the lack of or restriction of growth of microorganisms also contribute to susceptibility to the skin colonization of and infections, especially with Staphylococcus aureus. This review of the literature attempts to identify factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of AD-related bacterial and fungal skin colonization. Studies on the microbiome, commensal microorganisms and the role of skin microorganisms in maintaining healthy skin bring additional insight into the treatment and prevention of AD. In the light of presented mechanisms, reduction in colonization may become both causative and symptomatic treatment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Nowicka
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Chilicka
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland; (K.C.); (I.D.-U.)
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Myszkowska D, Zapała B, Bulanda M, Czarnobilska E. Non-IgE Mediated Hypersensitivity to Food Products or Food Intolerance—Problems of Appropriate Diagnostics. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57111245. [PMID: 34833463 PMCID: PMC8625578 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of food intolerance is tricky due to the different etiologies of adverse reactions. There is also a lack of clear rules for interpreting alternative tests used to diagnose these problems. The analyses of IgG4 concentration in serum or cytotoxic tests became the basis of elimination diets. However, it can result in nutritional deficiencies and loss of tolerance to eliminated foods. Our study aimed to assess the necessity of food elimination in four cases with food intolerance symptoms based on alternative diagnostic tests. Four patients without food allergies, who manifested diverse clinical symptoms after food, were presented due to the following factors: clinical history, diagnostic tests, elimination diet, and filaggrin gene (FLG) mutation. It was found that higher IgG4 levels against foods and higher cytotoxic test values are not clinically relevant in each of the studied individuals. They should not be decisive for the elimination of food products. The study of FLG-SNVs revealed the association of some clinical symptoms in patients with hypersensitivity to several food allergens and reported genetic variants in the FLG gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Myszkowska
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Botaniczna 3, 31-508 Kraków, Poland; (M.B.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-424-86-80
| | - Barbara Zapała
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8, 31-066 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Bulanda
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Botaniczna 3, 31-508 Kraków, Poland; (M.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Ewa Czarnobilska
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Botaniczna 3, 31-508 Kraków, Poland; (M.B.); (E.C.)
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Ogrodowczyk AM, Zakrzewska M, Romaszko E, Wróblewska B. Gestational Dysfunction-Driven Diets and Probiotic Supplementation Correlate with the Profile of Allergen-Specific Antibodies in the Serum of Allergy Sufferers. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2381. [PMID: 32784846 PMCID: PMC7468854 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diet has significant effects on development of childhood atopic disease and hypersensitivity development. However, the gestational dysfunctions demanding special diets are becoming a widespread phenomenon, their immunological implications can be manifested in the profile of antibodies in the offspring's serum. METHODS 153 allergic and 150 healthy individuals were diagnosed for allergy using specific antibody and cytokine immunoassay tests. The medical history of subjects along with mothers' course of pregnancy was completed by allergologist's anamnesis. A self-organizing neural network and multivariate analyses to complex data and pick basic interactions were used. RESULTS Two significant explanatory modules were determined. The first was formed by gestational diabetic and cholestatic diet, infant formula feeding type, probiotic supplementation and its BMI index, moderate IgE, increased IgG levels of antibodies and single or poly-food allergy type (7 clusters). The second was formed by gestational vegan/vegetarian and elimination diet, maternal probiotic supplementation, sex, high IgE total antibodies and food and mixed poly-allergy to aero- and food-origin allergens (19 clusters). CONCLUSIONS Significant associations were observed between special gestational diet intake underlying foetal programming and the mechanisms of childhood allergy. The novelty is the positive association between diabetic and cholestatic diet intake and IgE/IgG-mediated food hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Ogrodowczyk
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zakrzewska
- The Center for Pulmonary Diseases, Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Jagiellońska 78, 10-357 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Ewa Romaszko
- Non-Public Health Care Clinic “ATARAX”, 1 Maja 3, 10-117 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Barbara Wróblewska
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Abstract
There is an increasing number of experimental, genetic and clinical evidence of atopic dermatitis expression as a pre-condition for later development of other atopic diseases such as asthma, food allergy and allergic rhinitis. Atopic dermatitis is a heterogeneous, recurrent childhood disease, also present in the adult age. It is increasingly attributed to systemic features and is characterized by immunological and skin barrier integrity and function dysregulation. To maintain the protective function of the skin barrier, in particular the maintenance of pH, hydration and antimicrobial functions, the filaggrin, among others, plays a significant role. Filaggrin is a multifunctional, histidine-rich, insoluble protein. The lack of filaggrin is associated with various cutaneous (e.g. ichthyosis vulgaris, allergic contact dermatitis) and non-cutaneous (e.g. diabetes, inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract) diseases and may be a result of genetic, immunological factors combined with environmental factors. In this review we summarised (emphasized) recent findings in understanding the role of filaggrin in atopic dermatitis and other diseases, participants in the atopic march.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Čepelak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slavica Dodig
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavić
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb; School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia
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The Role of Immune Defects and Colonization of Staphylococcus aureus in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:1956403. [PMID: 29854575 PMCID: PMC5954962 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1956403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a condition with a complex and not fully understood etiology. In patients with AD, acute skin lesions are colonized by a greater number of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria than chronic lesions, clinically unchanged atopic skin, or the skin of healthy people. Mechanisms promoting skin colonization by S. aureus include complex interactions among several factors. Apart from increased adhesion of S. aureus in atopic skin, defects of the innate immune response resulting in the lack of restriction of the growth of microorganisms also contribute to susceptibility to colonization by and infection with S. aureus. A deficiency in the endogenous antimicrobial peptides may be partly responsible for the susceptibility to colonization by and skin infection with S. aureus in patients with AD. Majority of isolated S. aureus stains are able to produce exotoxins, which act as superantigens. Moreover, anti-S. aureus-specific IgE was identified and measured in patients with AD, revealing that its level corresponds to the severity of the disease. This review of the literature attempts to identify factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of AD-related S. aureus skin colonization. In the light of presented mechanisms, a reduction of colonization may become both causative and symptomatic treatment in AD.
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Lee KH, Song Y, O'Sullivan M, Pereira G, Loh R, Zhang GB. The Implications of DNA Methylation on Food Allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2017; 173:183-192. [PMID: 28848217 DOI: 10.1159/000479513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is a major clinical and public health concern worldwide. The risk factors are well defined, however, the mechanisms by which they affect immune development remain largely unknown, and unfortunately the effective treatment or prevention of food allergy is still being researched. Recent studies show that the genes that are critical for the development of food allergy are regulated through DNA methylation. Environmental factors can affect host DNA methylation status and subsequently predispose people to food allergy. DNA methylation is therefore an important mediator of gene-environment interactions in food allergy and key to understanding the mechanisms underlying the allergic development. Indeed, the modification and identification of the methylation levels of specific genetic loci have gained increasing attention for therapeutic and diagnostic application in combating food allergy. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent developments of DNA methylation in food allergy, including the pathogenesis, therapy, and diagnosis. This review will also summarize and discuss the environmental factors that affect DNA methylation levels in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khui Hung Lee
- School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley WA, Australia
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Chiarelli N, Carini G, Zoppi N, Dordoni C, Ritelli M, Venturini M, Castori M, Colombi M. Transcriptome-Wide Expression Profiling in Skin Fibroblasts of Patients with Joint Hypermobility Syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Hypermobility Type. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161347. [PMID: 27518164 PMCID: PMC4982685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers–Danlos syndrome hypermobility type (JHS/EDS-HT), is likely the most common systemic heritable connective tissue disorder, and is mostly recognized by generalized joint hypermobility, joint instability complications, minor skin changes and a wide range of satellite features. JHS/EDS-HT is considered an autosomal dominant trait but is still without a defined molecular basis. The absence of (a) causative gene(s) for JHS/EDS-HT is likely attributable to marked genetic heterogeneity and/or interaction of multiple loci. In order to help in deciphering such a complex molecular background, we carried out a comprehensive immunofluorescence analysis and gene expression profiling in cultured skin fibroblasts from five women affected with JHS/EDS-HT. Protein study revealed disarray of several matrix structural components such as fibrillins, tenascins, elastin, collagens, fibronectin, and their integrin receptors. Transcriptome analysis indicated perturbation of different signaling cascades that are required for homeostatic regulation either during development or in adult tissues as well as altered expression of several genes involved in maintenance of extracellular matrix architecture and homeostasis (e.g., SPON2, TGM2, MMP16, GPC4, SULF1), cell-cell adhesion (e.g., CDH2, CHD10, PCDH9, CLDN11, FLG, DSP), immune/inflammatory/pain responses (e.g., CFD, AQP9, COLEC12, KCNQ5, PRLR), and essential for redox balance (e.g., ADH1C, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, MAOB, GSTM5). Our findings provide a picture of the gene expression profile and dysregulated pathways in JHS/EDS-HT skin fibroblasts that correlate well with the systemic phenotype of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Chiarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, Bres6cia, Italy
| | - Giulia Carini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, Bres6cia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zoppi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, Bres6cia, Italy
| | - Chiara Dordoni
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, Bres6cia, Italy
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, Bres6cia, Italy
| | - Marina Venturini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Dermatology, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Medical Genetics, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, Bres6cia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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