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Zhao D, Jiang M, Zhang X, Hou H. The role of RICTOR amplification in targeted therapy and drug resistance. Mol Med 2020; 26:20. [PMID: 32041519 PMCID: PMC7011243 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-0146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has changed the current treatment paradigm and achieved good results in recent decades. However, an increasing number of studies have indicated that the complex network of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) co-activation could influence the characteristic phenotypes of cancer and the tumor response to targeted treatments. One of strategies to blocking RTK co-activation is targeting the downstream factors of RTK, such as PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. RICTOR, a core component of mTORC2, acts as a key effector molecule of the PI3K-AKT pathway; its amplification is often associated with poor clinical outcomes and resistance to TKIs. Here, we discuss the biology of RICTOR in tumor and the prospects of targeting RICTOR as a complementary therapy to inhibit RTK co-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deze Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266005, China
| | - Man Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266005, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266005, China
| | - Helei Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266005, China.
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Yu X, Lin H, Wang Y, Lv W, Zhang S, Qian Y, Deng X, Feng N, Yu H, Qian B. d-limonene exhibits antitumor activity by inducing autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1833-1847. [PMID: 29670359 PMCID: PMC5894671 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s155716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose d-limonene is a plant extract with widespread application, and it has been recently reported to have antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on cancer cells. However, the mechanisms by which d-limonene achieves these effects, especially in lung cancer, are not entirely clear. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the effects of d-limonene on lung cancer and explore its mechanisms of action. Methods We examined the therapeutic effects of d-limonene on lung cancer cells and in a xenograft animal model by characterizing its effects on the pathways of apoptosis and autophagy. Cell proliferation was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8, and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometric analysis. Levels of LC3 puncta, an autophagy marker, were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Autophagy and apoptosis-related gene expression were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Results d-limonene inhibited the growth of lung cancer cells and suppressed the growth of transplanted tumors in nude mice. Expression of apoptosis and autophagy-related genes were increased in tumors after treatment with d-limonene. Furthermore, the use of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, and knockdown of the atg5 gene, suppressed the apoptosis induced by d-limonene. Conclusion d-limonene may have a therapeutic effect on lung cancer as it can induce apoptosis of lung cancer cells by promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Lv
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobei Deng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nannan Feng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Biyun Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lee RFS, Chernobrovkin A, Rutishauser D, Allardyce CS, Hacker D, Johnsson K, Zubarev RA, Dyson PJ. Expression proteomics study to determine metallodrug targets and optimal drug combinations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1590. [PMID: 28484215 PMCID: PMC5431558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging technique termed functional identification of target by expression proteomics (FITExP) has been shown to identify the key protein targets of anti-cancer drugs. Here, we use this approach to elucidate the proteins involved in the mechanism of action of two ruthenium(II)-based anti-cancer compounds, RAPTA-T and RAPTA-EA in breast cancer cells, revealing significant differences in the proteins upregulated. RAPTA-T causes upregulation of multiple proteins suggesting a broad mechanism of action involving suppression of both metastasis and tumorigenicity. RAPTA-EA bearing a GST inhibiting ethacrynic acid moiety, causes upregulation of mainly oxidative stress related proteins. The approach used in this work could be applied to the prediction of effective drug combinations to test in cancer chemotherapy clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald F S Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Chernobrovkin
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheeles väg 2, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorothea Rutishauser
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheeles väg 2, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire S Allardyce
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Hacker
- Protein Expression Core Facility, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheeles väg 2, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Chen X, Zhang L, Ding S, Lei Q, Fang W. Cisplatin combination drugs induce autophagy in HeLa cells and interact with HSA via electrostatic binding affinity. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin combination drugs induce autophagy in HeLa cells and interact with HSAviaelectrostatic binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Shiping Ding
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Qunfang Lei
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Wenjun Fang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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Yoo YJ, Kim H, Park SR, Yoon YJ. An overview of rapamycin: from discovery to future perspectives. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 44:537-553. [PMID: 27613310 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive metabolite produced from several actinomycete species. Besides its immunosuppressive activity, rapamycin and its analogs have additional therapeutic potentials, including antifungal, antitumor, neuroprotective/neuroregenerative, and lifespan extension activities. The core structure of rapamycin is derived from (4R,5R)-4,5-dihydrocyclohex-1-ene-carboxylic acid that is extended by polyketide synthase. The resulting linear polyketide chain is cyclized by incorporating pipecolate and further decorated by post-PKS modification enzymes. Herein, we review the discovery and biological activities of rapamycin as well as its mechanism of action, mechanistic target, biosynthesis, and regulation. In addition, we introduce the many efforts directed at enhancing the production of rapamycin and generating diverse analogs and also explore future perspectives in rapamycin research. This review will also emphasize the remarkable pilot studies on the biosynthesis and production improvement of rapamycin by Dr. Demain, one of the world's distinguished scientists in industrial microbiology and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ji Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseong Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sung Ryeol Park
- Natural Products Discovery Institute, The Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
| | - Yeo Joon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea.
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Radiation enhancing effects of sanazole and gemcitabine in hypoxic breast and cervical cancer cells in vitro. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 19:236-40. [PMID: 26557765 PMCID: PMC4631282 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2015.51820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Sanazole and gemcitabine have been proven clinically as hypoxic cell radiosensitisers. This study was conducted to determine the radiation enhancing effects of sanazole and gemcitabine when administered together at relevant concentrations into hypoxic human MCF-7 and HeLa cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS A 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the number of surviving cells. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. Cell surviving fractions were determined by the standard in vitro colony formation assay. RESULTS The cell colony formation assay indicated that the radiosensitivity of hypoxic MCF-7 and HeLa cells was enhanced by sanazole or gemcitabine. The combination of the two drugs displayed significant radiation enhancing effects at the irradiation doses of 6, 8, and 10 Gy in both cell lines, which were arrested in the S phase. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the co-administration of the two drugs may result in a beneficial gain in radio-therapy for hypoxic breast cancer and cervical cancer.
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