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Hacker D, Jones CA, Chan YM, Yasin E, Clowes Z, Belli A, Cooper J, Bose D, Hawkins A, Davies H, Paton E. Examining the validity of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) in traumatic brain injury. J Neuropsychol 2024; 18:81-99. [PMID: 37313961 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the validity of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) population compared to participants with orthopaedic injuries and normative controls. The utility of the D-KEFS was examined using a between groups design. One hundred patients with mild uncomplicated to severe TBI were recruited from a consecutive cohort of patients admitted as inpatients to a UK Major Trauma Centre and compared to 823 participants from the D-KEFS normative sample and 26 participants with orthopaedic injuries. Data were filtered for performance validity. Sample discrimination was calculated from D-KEFS subtest scores and derived index scores. Sensitivity to TBI severity was established. The TBI participants performed significantly lower on the D-KEFS Trail Making Test, Colour Word Interference, Colour Word Switching, Letter Fluency and Verbal Fluency Category Switching Total Words Correct. The D-KEFS index scores discriminated between TBI, orthopaedic and normative participants with large and moderate effect sizes, respectively. The D-KEFS demonstrated a dose-response relationship with TBI severity. These effects were robust to differences in premorbid intellectual functioning; however, D-KEFS performance was sensitive to performance on tests of mental processing speed. The use of a D-KEFS index score provides a robust and reliable discrimination of TBI patients from healthy control participants. This discrimination is not accounted for by premorbid intellect or the non-specific effects of trauma. The clinical and conceptual implications of these findings are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hacker
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher A Jones
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- School of Psychology, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yin Ming Chan
- School of Psychology, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eyrsa Yasin
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zoe Clowes
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Antonio Belli
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julian Cooper
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deepa Bose
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Hawkins
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Holly Davies
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emily Paton
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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2
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Hacker D, Jones CA, Yasin E, Preece S, Davies H, Hawkins A, Belli A, Paton E. Cognitive Outcome After Complicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:1995-2014. [PMID: 36964755 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive outcome for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with positive brain imaging (complicated mTBI) was compared with that for mTBI with normal imaging (uncomplicated mTBI) and with moderate to severe TBI, using meta-analysis. Twenty-three studies utilizing objective neurocognitive tests were included in the analysis. At less than 3 months post-injury, complicated mTBI was associated with poorer cognitive outcomes than uncomplicated mTBI, but deficits were not comparable to those with moderate-severe TBI. After 3 months post-injury, a similar pattern was detected. Beyond 3 months, deficits in complicated mTBI relative to those with uncomplicated mTBI were present in processing speed, memory, executive function, and language, although the latter may be the result of reduced semantic fluency. The effect size of deficits in these domains was more marked in moderate-severe TBI. The available data support the use of complicated mTBI as a distinct classification in the prediction of cognitive outcome. The extent of cognitive deficit in complicated mTBI was small and unlikely to cause significant disability. However, patients with complicated mTBI constitute a broad category encompassing individuals who may differ markedly in the nature and extent of intracranial imaging abnormality, and further studies are warranted. Limitations of the available studies include small, selected samples; variations in TBI severity classification; absence of validity ("effort") testing; differing imaging methodology; and lack of long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hacker
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department, and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Jones
- School of Psychology, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eyrsa Yasin
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department, and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Preece
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department, and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Davies
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department, and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hawkins
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department, and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Belli
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Paton
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department, and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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3
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Emmenegger M, De Cecco E, Lamparter D, Jacquat RP, Riou J, Menges D, Ballouz T, Ebner D, Schneider MM, Morales IC, Doğançay B, Guo J, Wiedmer A, Domange J, Imeri M, Moos R, Zografou C, Batkitar L, Madrigal L, Schneider D, Trevisan C, Gonzalez-Guerra A, Carrella A, Dubach IL, Xu CK, Meisl G, Kosmoliaptsis V, Malinauskas T, Burgess-Brown N, Owens R, Hatch S, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton GR, Schubert K, Huck JD, Liu F, Pojer F, Lau K, Hacker D, Probst-Müller E, Cervia C, Nilsson J, Boyman O, Saleh L, Spanaus K, von Eckardstein A, Schaer DJ, Ban N, Tsai CJ, Marino J, Schertler GF, Ebert N, Thiel V, Gottschalk J, Frey BM, Reimann RR, Hornemann S, Ring AM, Knowles TP, Puhan MA, Althaus CL, Xenarios I, Stuart DI, Aguzzi A. Continuous population-level monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a large European metropolitan region. iScience 2023; 26:105928. [PMID: 36619367 PMCID: PMC9811913 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective public health measures against SARS-CoV-2 require granular knowledge of population-level immune responses. We developed a Tripartite Automated Blood Immunoassay (TRABI) to assess the IgG response against three SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We used TRABI for continuous seromonitoring of hospital patients and blood donors (n = 72'250) in the canton of Zurich from December 2019 to December 2020 (pre-vaccine period). We found that antibodies waned with a half-life of 75 days, whereas the cumulative incidence rose from 2.3% in June 2020 to 12.2% in mid-December 2020. A follow-up health survey indicated that about 10% of patients infected with wildtype SARS-CoV-2 sustained some symptoms at least twelve months post COVID-19. Crucially, we found no evidence of a difference in long-term complications between those whose infection was symptomatic and those with asymptomatic acute infection. The cohort of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects represents a resource for the study of chronic and possibly unexpected sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena De Cecco
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Lamparter
- Health2030 Genome Center, 9 Chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël P.B. Jacquat
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Julien Riou
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Menges
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tala Ballouz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, England
| | - Matthias M. Schneider
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | - Berre Doğançay
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Wiedmer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julie Domange
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marigona Imeri
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rita Moos
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chryssa Zografou
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leyla Batkitar
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lidia Madrigal
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dezirae Schneider
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Trevisan
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Irina L. Dubach
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine K. Xu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Georg Meisl
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tomas Malinauskas
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | - Ray Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Stephanie Hatch
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, England
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gavin R. Screaton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katharina Schubert
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John D. Huck
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Feimei Liu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTPSP, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kelvin Lau
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTPSP, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Hacker
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTPSP, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlo Cervia
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lanja Saleh
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Spanaus
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dominik J. Schaer
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Ban
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ching-Ju Tsai
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5303 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Marino
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5303 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Gebhard F.X. Schertler
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5303 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Ebert
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Gottschalk
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Beat M. Frey
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Regina R. Reimann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Hornemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aaron M. Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tuomas P.J. Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Milo A. Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian L. Althaus
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Health2030 Genome Center, 9 Chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Agora Center, University of Lausanne, 25 Avenue du Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David I. Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Krynicki CR, Hacker D, Jones CA. An evaluation of the convergent validity of a face‐to‐face and virtual neuropsychological assessment counter balanced. J Neuropsychol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl R. Krynicki
- School of Psychology The University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK
| | - David Hacker
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK
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5
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Lainšček D, Fink T, Forstnerič V, Hafner-Bratkovič I, Orehek S, Strmšek Ž, Manček-Keber M, Pečan P, Esih H, Malenšek Š, Aupič J, Dekleva P, Plaper T, Vidmar S, Kadunc L, Benčina M, Omersa N, Anderluh G, Pojer F, Lau K, Hacker D, Correia BE, Peterhoff D, Wagner R, Bergant V, Herrmann A, Pichlmair A, Jerala R. A Nanoscaffolded Spike-RBD Vaccine Provides Protection against SARS-CoV-2 with Minimal Anti-Scaffold Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050431. [PMID: 33925446 PMCID: PMC8146944 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of the adaptive immune system is augmented by multimeric presentation of a specific antigen, resembling viral particles. Several vaccines have been designed based on natural or designed protein scaffolds, which exhibited a potent adaptive immune response to antigens; however, antibodies are also generated against the scaffold, which may impair subsequent vaccination. In order to compare polypeptide scaffolds of different size and oligomerization state with respect to their efficiency, including anti-scaffold immunity, we compared several strategies of presentation of the RBD domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, an antigen aiming to generate neutralizing antibodies. A comparison of several genetic fusions of RBD to different nanoscaffolding domains (foldon, ferritin, lumazine synthase, and β-annulus peptide) delivered as DNA plasmids demonstrated a strongly augmented immune response, with high titers of neutralizing antibodies and a robust T-cell response in mice. Antibody titers and virus neutralization were most potently enhanced by fusion to the small β-annulus peptide scaffold, which itself triggered a minimal response in contrast to larger scaffolds. The β-annulus fused RBD protein increased residence in lymph nodes and triggered the most potent viral neutralization in immunization by a recombinant protein. Results of the study support the use of a nanoscaffolding platform using the β-annulus peptide for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duško Lainšček
- EN-FIST, Centre of Excellence, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.L.); (I.H.-B.); (M.M.-K.); (M.B.)
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Tina Fink
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Vida Forstnerič
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Iva Hafner-Bratkovič
- EN-FIST, Centre of Excellence, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.L.); (I.H.-B.); (M.M.-K.); (M.B.)
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Sara Orehek
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Strmšek
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Manček-Keber
- EN-FIST, Centre of Excellence, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.L.); (I.H.-B.); (M.M.-K.); (M.B.)
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Peter Pečan
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hana Esih
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Malenšek
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Aupič
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Petra Dekleva
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Plaper
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Vidmar
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucija Kadunc
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Mojca Benčina
- EN-FIST, Centre of Excellence, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.L.); (I.H.-B.); (M.M.-K.); (M.B.)
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Neža Omersa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.O.); (G.A.)
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.O.); (G.A.)
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility PTPSP- EPFL SV PTECH PTPSP, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.P.); (K.L.); (D.H.); (B.E.C.)
| | - Kelvin Lau
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility PTPSP- EPFL SV PTECH PTPSP, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.P.); (K.L.); (D.H.); (B.E.C.)
| | - David Hacker
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility PTPSP- EPFL SV PTECH PTPSP, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.P.); (K.L.); (D.H.); (B.E.C.)
| | - Bruno E. Correia
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility PTPSP- EPFL SV PTECH PTPSP, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.P.); (K.L.); (D.H.); (B.E.C.)
| | - David Peterhoff
- Molecular Microbiology (Virology), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.P.); (R.W.)
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Molecular Microbiology (Virology), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.P.); (R.W.)
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valter Bergant
- Immunopathology of Virus Infections Laboratory, Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (V.B.); (A.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexander Herrmann
- Immunopathology of Virus Infections Laboratory, Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (V.B.); (A.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- Immunopathology of Virus Infections Laboratory, Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (V.B.); (A.H.); (A.P.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roman Jerala
- EN-FIST, Centre of Excellence, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.L.); (I.H.-B.); (M.M.-K.); (M.B.)
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.F.); (V.F.); (S.O.); (Ž.S.); (P.P.); (H.E.); (Š.M.); (J.A.); (P.D.); (T.P.); (S.V.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Fenwick C, Croxatto A, Coste AT, Pojer F, André C, Pellaton C, Farina A, Campos J, Hacker D, Lau K, Bosch BJ, Gonseth Nussle S, Bochud M, D'Acremont V, Trono D, Greub G, Pantaleo G. Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike versus Nucleoprotein Antibody Responses Impact the Estimates of Infections in Population-Based Seroprevalence Studies. J Virol 2021; 95:e01828-20. [PMID: 33144321 PMCID: PMC7925109 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01828-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibody responses to the spike (S) protein monomer, S protein native trimeric form, or the nucleocapsid (N) proteins were evaluated in cohorts of individuals with acute infection (n = 93) and in individuals enrolled in a postinfection seroprevalence population study (n = 578) in Switzerland. Commercial assays specific for the S1 monomer, for the N protein, or within a newly developed Luminex assay using the S protein trimer were found to be equally sensitive in antibody detection in the acute-infection-phase samples. Interestingly, compared to anti-S antibody responses, those against the N protein appear to wane in the postinfection cohort. Seroprevalence in a "positive patient contacts" group (n = 177) was underestimated by N protein assays by 10.9 to 32.2%, while the "randomly selected" general population group (n = 311) was reduced by up to 45% relative to the S protein assays. The overall reduction in seroprevalence targeting only anti-N antibodies for the total cohort ranged from 9.4 to 31%. Of note, the use of the S protein in its native trimer form was significantly more sensitive compared to monomeric S proteins. These results indicate that the assessment of anti-S IgG antibody responses against the native trimeric S protein should be implemented to estimate SARS-CoV-2 infections in population-based seroprevalence studies.IMPORTANCE In the present study, we have determined SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses in sera of acute and postinfection phase subjects. Our results indicate that antibody responses against viral S and N proteins were equally sensitive in the acute phase of infection, but that responses against N appear to wane in the postinfection phase where those against the S protein persist over time. The most sensitive serological assay in both acute and postinfection phases used the native S protein trimer as the binding antigen, which has significantly greater conformational epitopes for antibody binding compared to the S1 monomer protein used in other assays. We believe these results are extremely important in order to generate correct estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the general population. Furthermore, the assessment of antibody responses against the trimeric S protein will be critical to evaluate the durability of the antibody response and for the characterization of a vaccine-induced antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Fenwick
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antony Croxatto
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alix T Coste
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cyril André
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Pellaton
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alex Farina
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérémy Campos
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Hacker
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kelvin Lau
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Berend-Jan Bosch
- Virology Section, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Semira Gonseth Nussle
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valerie D'Acremont
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Trono
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Forcione M, Chiarelli AM, Perpetuini D, Davies DJ, O’Halloran P, Hacker D, Merla A, Belli A. Tomographic Task-Related Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Acute Sport-Related Concussion: An Observational Case Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6273. [PMID: 32872557 PMCID: PMC7503954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Making decisions regarding return-to-play after sport-related concussion (SRC) based on resolution of symptoms alone can expose contact-sport athletes to further injury before their recovery is complete. Task-related functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) could be used to scan for abnormalities in the brain activation patterns of SRC athletes and help clinicians to manage their return-to-play. This study aims to show a proof of concept of mapping brain activation, using tomographic task-related fNIRS, as part of the clinical assessment of acute SRC patients. A high-density frequency-domain optical device was used to scan 2 SRC patients, within 72 h from injury, during the execution of 3 neurocognitive tests used in clinical practice. The optical data were resolved into a tomographic reconstruction of the brain functional activation pattern, using diffuse optical tomography. Moreover, brain activity was inferred using single-subject statistical analyses. The advantages and limitations of the introduction of this optical technique into the clinical assessment of acute SRC patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Forcione
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre (NIHR-SRMRC), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (D.J.D.); (A.B.)
- Neuroscience & Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation & Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Antonio Maria Chiarelli
- Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.M.C.); (D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - David Perpetuini
- Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.M.C.); (D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - David James Davies
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre (NIHR-SRMRC), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (D.J.D.); (A.B.)
- Neuroscience & Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation & Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Patrick O’Halloran
- Neuroscience & Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation & Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - David Hacker
- Clinical Neuropsychology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK;
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.M.C.); (D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Belli
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre (NIHR-SRMRC), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (D.J.D.); (A.B.)
- Neuroscience & Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation & Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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8
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Delaneau O, Zazhytska M, Borel C, Giannuzzi G, Rey G, Howald C, Kumar S, Ongen H, Popadin K, Marbach D, Ambrosini G, Bielser D, Hacker D, Romano L, Ribaux P, Wiederkehr M, Falconnet E, Bucher P, Bergmann S, Antonarakis SE, Reymond A, Dermitzakis ET. Chromatin three-dimensional interactions mediate genetic effects on gene expression. Science 2019; 364:364/6439/eaat8266. [PMID: 31048460 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat8266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studying the genetic basis of gene expression and chromatin organization is key to characterizing the effect of genetic variability on the function and structure of the human genome. Here we unravel how genetic variation perturbs gene regulation using a dataset combining activity of regulatory elements, gene expression, and genetic variants across 317 individuals and two cell types. We show that variability in regulatory activity is structured at the intra- and interchromosomal levels within 12,583 cis-regulatory domains and 30 trans-regulatory hubs that highly reflect the local (that is, topologically associating domains) and global (that is, open and closed chromatin compartments) nuclear chromatin organization. These structures delimit cell type-specific regulatory networks that control gene expression and coexpression and mediate the genetic effects of cis- and trans-acting regulatory variants on genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Delaneau
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Zazhytska
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Borel
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Giannuzzi
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Rey
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Howald
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Kumar
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Ongen
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Popadin
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Science, Immanuel Kant Federal Baltic University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - D Marbach
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Ambrosini
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Bielser
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Hacker
- Protein Expression Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Romano
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Ribaux
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Wiederkehr
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Falconnet
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Bucher
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Bergmann
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Computational Biology Division N1.05, Werner Beit North Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S E Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - E T Dermitzakis
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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9
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Jones C, Hacker D, Xia J, Meaden A, Irving CB, Zhao S, Chen J, Shi C. Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care for people with schizophrenia. BJPsych advances 2019. [DOI: 10.1192/bja.2019.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Alpern D, Gardeux V, Russeil J, Mangeat B, Meireles-Filho ACA, Breysse R, Hacker D, Deplancke B. BRB-seq: ultra-affordable high-throughput transcriptomics enabled by bulk RNA barcoding and sequencing. Genome Biol 2019; 20:71. [PMID: 30999927 PMCID: PMC6474054 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its widespread use, RNA-seq is still too laborious and expensive to replace RT-qPCR as the default gene expression analysis method. We present a novel approach, BRB-seq, which uses early multiplexing to produce 3' cDNA libraries for dozens of samples, requiring just 2 hours of hands-on time. BRB-seq has a comparable performance to the standard TruSeq approach while showing greater tolerance for lower RNA quality and being up to 25 times cheaper. We anticipate that BRB-seq will transform basic laboratory practice given its capacity to generate genome-wide transcriptomic data at a similar cost as profiling four genes using RT-qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alpern
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gardeux
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Russeil
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bastien Mangeat
- Gene Expression Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio C A Meireles-Filho
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romane Breysse
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Hacker
- Protein Expression Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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11
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Jones C, Hacker D, Cormac I, Meaden A, Irving CB, Xia J, Zhao S, Shi C, Chen J. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Plus Standard Care Versus Standard Care Plus Other Psychosocial Treatments for People With Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:284-286. [PMID: 30843049 PMCID: PMC6403053 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jones
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,To whom correspondence should be addressed; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; tel: 44 121 414 3341, e-mail:
| | - David Hacker
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Alan Meaden
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire B Irving
- Cochrane Schizophrenia Group, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jun Xia
- Cochrane Schizophrenia Group, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sai Zhao
- Systematic Review Solutions Ltd, The Ingenuity Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chunhu Shi
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jue Chen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Jones C, Hacker D, Xia J, Meaden A, Irving CB, Zhao S, Chen J, Shi C. Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care for people with schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 12:CD007964. [PMID: 30572373 PMCID: PMC6517137 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007964.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a psychosocial treatment that aims to re-mediate distressing emotional experiences or dysfunctional behaviour by changing the way in which a person interprets and evaluates the experience or cognates on its consequence and meaning. This approach helps to link the person's feelings and patterns of thinking which underpin distress. CBT is now recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) as an add-on treatment for people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. This review is also part of a family of Cochrane CBT reviews for people with schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of cognitive behavioural therapy added to standard care compared with standard care alone for people with schizophrenia. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Trials Register (up to March 6, 2017). This register is compiled by systematic searches of major resources (including AMED, BIOSIS CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and registries of clinical trials) and their monthly updates, handsearches, grey literature, and conference proceedings, with no language, date, document type, or publication status limitations for inclusion of records into the register. SELECTION CRITERIA We selected all randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) involving people diagnosed with schizophrenia or related disorders, which compared adding CBT to standard care with standard care given alone. Outcomes of interest included relapse, rehospitalisation, mental state, adverse events, social functioning, quality of life, and satisfaction with treatment.We included studies fulfilling the predefined inclusion criteria and reporting useable data. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We complied with the Cochrane recommended standard of conduct for data screening and collection. Where possible, we calculated relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for binary data and mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval for continuous data. We assessed risk of bias for included studies and created a 'Summary of findings' table using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS This review now includes 60 trials with 5,992 participants, all comparing CBT added to standard care with standard care alone. Results for the main outcomes of interest (all long term) showed no clear difference between CBT and standard care for relapse (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.00; participants = 1538; studies = 13, low-quality evidence). Two trials reported global state improvement. More participants in the CBT groups showed clinically important improvement in global state (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.84; participants = 82; studies = 2 , very low-quality evidence). Five trials reported mental state improvement. No differences in mental state improvement were observed (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.02; participants = 501; studies = 5, very low-quality evidence). In terms of safety, adding CBT to standard care may reduce the risk of having an adverse event (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.72; participants = 146; studies = 2, very low-quality evidence) but appears to have no effect on long-term social functioning (MD 0.56, 95% CI -2.64 to 3.76; participants = 295; studies = 2, very low-quality evidence, nor on long-term quality of life (MD -3.60, 95% CI -11.32 to 4.12; participants = 71; study = 1, very low-quality evidence). It also has no effect on long-term satisfaction with treatment (measured as 'leaving the study early') (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.12; participants = 1945; studies = 19, moderate-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Relative to standard care alone, adding CBT to standard care appears to have no effect on long-term risk of relapse. A very small proportion of the available evidence indicated CBT plus standard care may improve long term global state and may reduce the risk of adverse events. Whether adding CBT to standard care leads to clinically important improvement in patients' long-term mental state, quality of life, and social function remains unclear. Satisfaction with care (measured as number of people leaving the study early) was no higher for participants receiving CBT compared to participants receiving standard care. It should be noted that although much research has been carried out in this area, the quality of evidence available is poor - mostly low or very low quality and we still cannot make firm conclusions until more high quality data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jones
- University of BirminghamSchool of PsychologyEdgbastonBirminghamUKB15 2TT
| | - David Hacker
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation NHS TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Jun Xia
- The University of NottinghamCochrane Schizophrenia GroupTriumph RoadNottinghamUKNG7 2TU
| | - Alan Meaden
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation NHS TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Claire B Irving
- The University of NottinghamCochrane Schizophrenia GroupTriumph RoadNottinghamUKNG7 2TU
| | - Sai Zhao
- The Ingenuity Centre, The University of NottinghamSystematic Review Solutions LtdTriumph RoadNottinghamUKNG7 2TU
| | - Jue Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Clinical Psychology600 Wan Ping Nan RoadShanghaiChina200030
| | - Chunhu Shi
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreDivision of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & HealthManchesterGreater ManchesterUKM13 9PL
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13
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Jones C, Hacker D, Meaden A, Cormac I, Irving CB, Xia J, Zhao S, Shi C, Chen J. Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care plus other psychosocial treatments for people with schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 11:CD008712. [PMID: 30480760 PMCID: PMC6516879 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008712.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a psychosocial treatment that aims to help individuals re-evaluate their appraisals of their experiences that can affect their level of distress and problematic behaviour. CBT is now recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) as an add-on treatment for people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Other psychosocial therapies that are often less expensive are also available as an add-on treatment for people with schizophrenia. This review is also part of a family of Cochrane Reviews on CBT for people with schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of CBT compared with other psychosocial therapies as add-on treatments for people with schizophrenia. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Study Based Register of Trials (latest 6 March, 2017). This register is compiled by systematic searches of major resources (including AMED, BIOSIS CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and registries of clinical trials) and their monthly updates, handsearches, grey literature, and conference proceedings, with no language, date, document type, or publication status limitations for inclusion of records into the register. SELECTION CRITERIA We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving people with schizophrenia who were randomly allocated to receive, in addition to their standard care, either CBT or any other psychosocial therapy. Outcomes of interest included relapse, global state, mental state, adverse events, social functioning, quality of life and satisfaction with treatment. We included trials meeting our inclusion criteria and reporting useable data. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We reliably screened references and selected trials. Review authors, working independently, assessed trials for methodological quality and extracted data from included studies. We analysed dichotomous data on an intention-to-treat basis and continuous data with 60% completion rate. Where possible, for binary data we calculated risk ratio (RR), for continuous data we calculated mean difference (MD), all with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used a fixed-effect model for analyses unless there was unexplained high heterogeneity. We assessed risk of bias for the included studies and used the GRADE approach to produce a 'Summary of findings' table for our main outcomes of interest. MAIN RESULTS The review now includes 36 trials with 3542 participants, comparing CBT with a range of other psychosocial therapies that we classified as either active (A) (n = 14) or non active (NA) (n = 14). Trials were often small and at high or unclear risk of bias. When CBT was compared with other psychosocial therapies, no difference in long-term relapse was observed (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.29; participants = 375; studies = 5, low-quality evidence). Clinically important change in global state data were not available but data for rehospitalisation were reported. Results showed no clear difference in long term rehospitalisation (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.14; participants = 943; studies = 8, low-quality evidence) nor in long term mental state (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.01; participants = 249; studies = 4, low-quality evidence). No long-term differences were observed for death (RR 1.57, 95% CI 0.62 to 3.98; participants = 627; studies = 6, low-quality evidence). Only average endpoint scale scores were available for social functioning and quality of life. Social functioning scores were similar between groups (long term Social Functioning Scale (SFS): MD 8.80, 95% CI -4.07 to 21.67; participants = 65; studies = 1, very low-quality evidence), and quality of life scores were also similar (medium term Modular System for Quality of Life (MSQOL): MD -4.50, 95% CI -15.66 to 6.66; participants = 64; studies = 1, very low-quality evidence). There was a modest but clear difference favouring CBT for satisfaction with treatment - measured as leaving the study early (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.99; participants = 2392; studies = 26, low quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Evidence based on data from randomised controlled trials indicates there is no clear and convincing advantage for cognitive behavioural therapy over other - and sometimes much less sophisticated and expensive - psychosocial therapies for people with schizophrenia. It should be noted that although much research has been carried out in this area, the quality of evidence available is mostly low or of very low quality. Good quality research is needed before firm conclusions can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jones
- University of BirminghamSchool of PsychologyEdgbastonBirminghamUKB15 2TT
| | - David Hacker
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation NHS TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Alan Meaden
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation NHS TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Irene Cormac
- Rampton HospitalFleming HouseRetfordNottinghamshireUKDN22 0PD
| | - Claire B Irving
- The University of NottinghamCochrane Schizophrenia GroupInstitute of Mental HealthUniversity of Nottingham Innovation Park, Triumph RoadNottinghamUKNG7 2TU
| | - Jun Xia
- The University of Nottingham NingboNottingham China Health Institute199 Taikang E RdYinzhou QuNingboZhejiang ShengChina315000
| | - Sai Zhao
- The Ingenuity Centre, The University of NottinghamSystematic Review Solutions LtdTriumph RoadNottinghamUKNG7 2TU
| | - Chunhu Shi
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreDivision of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchesterGreater ManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Jue Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Clinical Psychology600 Wan Ping Nan RoadShanghaiChina200030
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Su Z, Davies D, Bhavsar A, Hammond D, Hacker D, Evans S, Grey M, Belli A. The effect of persistent post-concussive symptoms on cognitive performance after sport concussion. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097270.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lee RFS, Chernobrovkin A, Rutishauser D, Allardyce CS, Hacker D, Johnsson K, Zubarev RA, Dyson PJ. Expression proteomics study to determine metallodrug targets and optimal drug combinations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1590. [PMID: 28484215 PMCID: PMC5431558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging technique termed functional identification of target by expression proteomics (FITExP) has been shown to identify the key protein targets of anti-cancer drugs. Here, we use this approach to elucidate the proteins involved in the mechanism of action of two ruthenium(II)-based anti-cancer compounds, RAPTA-T and RAPTA-EA in breast cancer cells, revealing significant differences in the proteins upregulated. RAPTA-T causes upregulation of multiple proteins suggesting a broad mechanism of action involving suppression of both metastasis and tumorigenicity. RAPTA-EA bearing a GST inhibiting ethacrynic acid moiety, causes upregulation of mainly oxidative stress related proteins. The approach used in this work could be applied to the prediction of effective drug combinations to test in cancer chemotherapy clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald F S Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Chernobrovkin
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheeles väg 2, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorothea Rutishauser
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheeles väg 2, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire S Allardyce
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Hacker
- Protein Expression Core Facility, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheeles väg 2, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Hacker D, Jones CA, Clowes Z, Belli A, Su Z, Sitaraman M, Davies D, Taylor R, Flahive E, Travis C, O'Neil N, Pettigrew Y. The Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Supplementary Index Score of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Screening Module that is Sensitive to Traumatic Brain Injury. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016; 32:215-227. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Waszak SM, Delaneau O, Gschwind AR, Kilpinen H, Raghav SK, Witwicki RM, Orioli A, Wiederkehr M, Panousis NI, Yurovsky A, Romano-Palumbo L, Planchon A, Bielser D, Padioleau I, Udin G, Thurnheer S, Hacker D, Hernandez N, Reymond A, Deplancke B, Dermitzakis ET. Population Variation and Genetic Control of Modular Chromatin Architecture in Humans. Cell 2015; 162:1039-50. [PMID: 26300124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin state variation at gene regulatory elements is abundant across individuals, yet we understand little about the genetic basis of this variability. Here, we profiled several histone modifications, the transcription factor (TF) PU.1, RNA polymerase II, and gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines from 47 whole-genome sequenced individuals. We observed that distinct cis-regulatory elements exhibit coordinated chromatin variation across individuals in the form of variable chromatin modules (VCMs) at sub-Mb scale. VCMs were associated with thousands of genes and preferentially cluster within chromosomal contact domains. We mapped strong proximal and weak, yet more ubiquitous, distal-acting chromatin quantitative trait loci (cQTL) that frequently explain this variation. cQTLs were associated with molecular activity at clusters of cis-regulatory elements and mapped preferentially within TF-bound regions. We propose that local, sequence-independent chromatin variation emerges as a result of genetic perturbations in cooperative interactions between cis-regulatory elements that are located within the same genomic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M Waszak
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Delaneau
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Andreas R Gschwind
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Helena Kilpinen
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Sunil K Raghav
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Robert M Witwicki
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Orioli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wiederkehr
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos I Panousis
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Alisa Yurovsky
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Luciana Romano-Palumbo
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Planchon
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Bielser
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Ismael Padioleau
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Udin
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Thurnheer
- Protein Expression Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - David Hacker
- Protein Expression Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nouria Hernandez
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
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Kilpinen H, Waszak SM, Gschwind AR, Raghav SK, Witwicki RM, Orioli A, Migliavacca E, Wiederkehr M, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Panousis NI, Yurovsky A, Lappalainen T, Romano-Palumbo L, Planchon A, Bielser D, Bryois J, Padioleau I, Udin G, Thurnheer S, Hacker D, Core LJ, Lis JT, Hernandez N, Reymond A, Deplancke B, Dermitzakis ET. Coordinated effects of sequence variation on DNA binding, chromatin structure, and transcription. Science 2013; 342:744-7. [PMID: 24136355 DOI: 10.1126/science.1242463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA sequence variation has been associated with quantitative changes in molecular phenotypes such as gene expression, but its impact on chromatin states is poorly characterized. To understand the interplay between chromatin and genetic control of gene regulation, we quantified allelic variability in transcription factor binding, histone modifications, and gene expression within humans. We found abundant allelic specificity in chromatin and extensive local, short-range, and long-range allelic coordination among the studied molecular phenotypes. We observed genetic influence on most of these phenotypes, with histone modifications exhibiting strong context-dependent behavior. Our results implicate transcription factors as primary mediators of sequence-specific regulation of gene expression programs, with histone modifications frequently reflecting the primary regulatory event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kilpinen
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Kadlecova Z, Baldi L, Hacker D, Wurm FM, Klok HA. Comparative Study on the In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Linear, Dendritic, and Hyperbranched Polylysine Analogues. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3127-37. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300930j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kadlecova
- Institut des Matériaux
et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment
MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Baldi
- Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6,
CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Hacker
- Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6,
CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Maria Wurm
- Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6,
CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux
et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment
MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Hacker
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Irene Cormac
- Rampton Hospital, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alan Meaden
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire B. Irving
- Cochrane Schizophrenia Group, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Angelini A, Diderich P, Morales-Sanfrutos J, Thurnheer S, Hacker D, Menin L, Heinis C. Chemical macrocyclization of peptides fused to antibody Fc fragments. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1856-63. [PMID: 22812498 DOI: 10.1021/bc300184m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To extend the plasma half-life of a bicyclic peptide antagonist, we chose to link it to the Fc fragment of the long-lived serum protein IgG1. Instead of chemically conjugating the entire bicyclic peptide, we recombinantly expressed its peptide moiety as a fusion protein to an Fc fragment and subsequently cyclized the peptide by chemically reacting its three cysteine residues with tris-(bromomethyl)benzene. This reaction was efficient and selective, yielding completely modified peptide fusion protein and no side products. After optimization of the linker and the Fc fragment format, the bicyclic peptide was fully functional as an inhibitor (K(i) = 76 nM) and showed an extended terminal half-life of 1.5 days in mice. The unexpectedly clean reaction makes chemical macrocyclization of peptide-Fc fusion proteins an attractive synthetic approach. Its good compatibility with the Fc fragment may lend the bromomethylbenzene-based chemistry also for the generation of antibody-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Angelini
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is now a recommended treatment for people with schizophrenia. This approach helps to link the person's distress and problem behaviours to underlying patterns of thinking. OBJECTIVES To review the effects of CBT for people with schizophrenia when compared with other psychological therapies. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (March 2010) which is based on regular searches of CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO. We inspected all references of the selected articles for further relevant trials, and, where appropriate, contacted authors. SELECTION CRITERIA All relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT for people with schizophrenia-like illnesses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Studies were reliably selected and assessed for methodological quality. Two review authors, working independently, extracted data. We analysed dichotomous data on an intention-to-treat basis and continuous data with 65% completion rate are presented. Where possible, for dichotomous outcomes, we estimated a risk ratio (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) along with the number needed to treat/harm. MAIN RESULTS Thirty papers described 20 trials. Trials were often small and of limited quality. When CBT was compared with other psychosocial therapies, no difference was found for outcomes relevant to adverse effect/events (2 RCTs, n = 202, RR death 0.57 CI 0.12 to 2.60). Relapse was not reduced over any time period (5 RCTs, n = 183, RR long-term 0.91 CI 0.63 to 1.32) nor was rehospitalisation (5 RCTs, n = 294, RR in longer term 0.86 CI 0.62 to 1.21). Various global mental state measures failed to show difference (4 RCTs, n = 244, RR no important change in mental state 0.84 CI 0.64 to 1.09). More specific measures of mental state failed to show differential effects on positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia but there may be some longer term effect for affective symptoms (2 RCTs, n = 105, mean difference (MD) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) -6.21 CI -10.81 to -1.61). Few trials report on social functioning or quality of life. Findings do not convincingly favour either of the interventions (2 RCTs, n = 103, MD Social Functioning Scale (SFS) 1.32 CI -4.90 to 7.54; n = 37, MD EuroQOL -1.86 CI -19.20 to 15.48). For the outcome of leaving the study early, we found no significant advantage when CBT was compared with either non-active control therapies (4 RCTs, n = 433, RR 0.88 CI 0.63 to 1.23) or active therapies (6 RCTs, n = 339, RR 0.75 CI 0.40 to 1.43) AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Trial-based evidence suggests no clear and convincing advantage for cognitive behavioural therapy over other - and sometime much less sophisticated - therapies for people with schizophrenia.
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Kadlecova Z, Rajendra Y, Matasci M, Hacker D, Baldi L, Wurm FM, Klok HA. Hyperbranched Polylysine: A Versatile, Biodegradable Transfection Agent for the Production of Recombinant Proteins by Transient Gene Expression and the Transfection of Primary Cells. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:794-804. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is now a recommended treatment for people with schizophrenia. This approach helps to link the person's feelings and patterns of thinking which underpin distress. OBJECTIVES To review the effects of CBT for people with schizophrenia when compared to other psychological therapies. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (March 2010) which is based on regular searches of CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO. We inspected all references of the selected articles for further relevant trials, and, where appropriate, contacted authors. SELECTION CRITERIA All relevant clinical randomised trials of cognitive behaviour therapy for people with schizophrenia-like illnesses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Studies were reliably selected and assessed for methodological quality. Two reviewers, working independently, extracted data. We analysed dichotomous data on an intention-to-treat basis and continuous data with 65% completion rate are presented. Where possible, for dichotomous outcomes, we estimated a relative risk (RR) with the 95% confidence interval along with the number needed to treat/harm. MAIN RESULTS Twenty-nine papers described 20 trials. Trials were often small and of limited quality. When CBT was compared with other psychosocial therapies no difference was found for outcomes relevant to adverse effect/events (2 RCTs, n=202, RR death 0.57 CI 0.12 to 2.60). Relapse was not reduced over any time period (5 RCTs, n=183, RR in long term 0.91 CI 0.63 to 1.32) nor was rehospitalisation (5 RCTs, n=294, RR in longer term 0.86 CI 0.62 to 1.21). Various global mental state measures failed to show difference (4 RCTs, n=244, RR no important change in mental state 0.84 CI 0.64 to 1.09). More specific measures of mental state failed to show differential effects on positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia but there may be some longer term effect for affective symptoms (2 RCTs, n=105, MD BDI -6.21 CI -10.81 to -1.61). Few trials report on social functioning or quality of life. Findings do not convincingly favour either interventions (2 RCT, n=103, MD SFS 1.32 CI -4.90 to 7.54; n=37, MD EuroQOL -1.86 CI -19.20 to 15.48). For the outcome of leaving the study early we found no significant advantage when CBT was compared with either non-active control therapies (4 RCTs, n=433, RR 0.88 CI 0.63 to 1.23) or active therapies (6 RCTs, n=339, RR 0.75 CI 0.40 to 1.43) AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Trail-based evidence suggests no clear and convincing advantage for cognitive behavioural therapy over other and sometime much less sophisticated therapies for people with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jones
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK, B15 2TT
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Werner S, Eibl R, Lettenbauer C, Röll M, Eibl D, De Jesus M, Zhang X, Stettler M, Tissot S, Bürkie C, Broccard G, Kühner M, Tanner R, Baldi L, Hacker D, Wurm FM. Innovative, Non-stirred Bioreactors in Scales from Milliliters up to 1000 Liters for Suspension Cultures of Cells using Disposable Bags and Containers – A Swiss Contribution. Chimia (Aarau) 2010; 64:819-23. [DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2010.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Nagi C, Ostapiuk E, Craig L, Hacker D, Beech A. Using the revised Problem Identification Checklist to predict inpatient and community violence: a pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1108/14636646200900017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jones C, Cormac I, Campbell C, Meaden A, Hacker D. Cognitive behaviour therapy versus specific pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jones
- University of Birmingham; School of Psychology; Edgbaston Birmingham UK B15 2TT
| | - Irene Cormac
- Rampton Hospital; Fleming House; Retford Notts UK DN22 0PD
| | - Colin Campbell
- St Michael's Hospital; South Warwickshire Combined Care Centre Trust; St Michael's Road Warwick UK CV34 5QW
| | - Alan Meaden
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust; Birmingham UK
| | - David Hacker
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust; Birmingham UK
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Zhang X, Stettler M, De Sanctis D, Perrone M, Parolini N, Discacciati M, De Jesus M, Hacker D, Quarteroni A, Wurm F. Use of orbital shaken disposable bioreactors for mammalian cell cultures from the milliliter-scale to the 1,000-liter scale. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2009; 115:33-53. [PMID: 19499209 DOI: 10.1007/10_2008_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the commercial success of recombinant biopharmaceuticals, there is an increasing demand for novel mammalian cell culture bioreactor systems for the rapid production of biologicals that require mammalian protein processing. Recently, orbitally shaken bioreactors at scales from 50 mL to 1,000 L have been explored for the cultivation of mammalian cells and are considered to be attractive alternatives to conventional stirred-tank bioreactors because of increased flexibility and reduced costs. Adequate oxygen transfer capacity was maintained during the scale-up, and strategies to increase further oxygen transfer rates (OTR) were explored, while maintaining favorable mixing parameters and low-stress conditions for sensitive lipid membrane-enclosed cells. Investigations from process development to the engineering properties of shaken bioreactors are underway, but the feasibility of establishing a robust, standardized, and transferable technical platform for mammalian cell culture based on orbital shaking and disposable materials has been established with further optimizations and studies ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Abstract
Gene transfer methods for producing recombinant cell lines are often not very efficient. One reason is that the recombinant DNA is delivered into the cell cytoplasm and only a small fraction reaches the nucleus. This chapter describes a method for microinjecting DNA directly into the nucleus. Direct injection has several advantages including the ability to deliver a defined copy number into the nucleus, the avoidance of DNAses that are present in the cell cytoplasm, and the lack of a need for extensive subcloning to find the recombinant cells. The procedure is described for two cell lines, CHO DG44 and BHK-21, using green fluorescent protein as a reporter gene. However, this method could easily be adapted to other cells lines and using other recombinant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Chenuet
- Ecole Polytechnique Féderale de Lausanne, EPFL-SV-IBI-LBTC, Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Stitt PG, Cobb J, Hartman EE, Losty MA, Heseltine MM, Bennett E, Fisher V, Godfrey FI, Hacker D, Sailor NM, Woodruff C. Some Practical Considerations of Economy and Efficiency in Infant Feeding(Food and Nutrition and Maternal and Child Health Sections). Am J Public Health Nations Health 2008; 52:125-42. [PMID: 18017896 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.52.1.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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32
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Stettler M, Jaccard N, Hacker D, De Jesus M, Wurm FM, Jordan M. New disposable tubes for rapid and precise biomass assessment for suspension cultures of mammalian cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 95:1228-33. [PMID: 16865737 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present a new approach for biomass assessment in cell culture using a disposable microcentrifuge tube. The specially designed tube is fitted with an upper chamber for sample loading and a lower 5 microL capillary for cell collection during centrifugation. The resulting packed cell volume (PCV) can be quantitatively expressed as the percentage of the total volume of the sample. The present study focused on the validation of the method with mammalian cell lines that are widely used in bioprocessing. Using several examples, the PCV method was shown to be more precise, rapid, and reproducible than manual cell counting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Stettler
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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33
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Gooden E, Witterick IJ, Hacker D, Rosen IB, Freeman JL. Parotid gland tumours in 255 consecutive patients: Mount Sinai Hospital's quality assurance review. J Otolaryngol 2002; 31:351-4. [PMID: 12593546 DOI: 10.2310/7070.2002.34394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Parotid neoplasms represent a diverse group of tumours found in the head and neck. Complications following parotidectomy, including Frey's syndrome, facial nerve paralysis, sialoceles, and parotid fistulae, have been well documented. A retrospective review of 255 patients treated surgically for parotid masses over an 8-year period at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto was reviewed as part of a quality assurance program. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for fine-needle aspiration cytology were analyzed. The incidence of benign and malignant lesions is presented. The complications following parotidectomy are reviewed and in our series are consistent with the figures published in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Gooden
- Department of Otolaryngology, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
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34
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Bentley E, Abrams GA, Covitz D, Cook CS, Fischer CA, Hacker D, Stuhr CM, Reid TW, Murphy CJ. Morphology and immunohistochemistry of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCED) in dogs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:2262-9. [PMID: 11527939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the morphologic features of the epithelium and extracellular matrix in spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCED) in dogs. METHODS Forty-eight superficial keratectomy specimens were obtained after confirmation of the presence of a superficial corneal erosion for longer than 3 weeks with no discernible underlying cause. Histologic samples were examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Immunolocalization of laminin, collagen IV, fibronectin, and collagen VII was performed. RESULTS Epithelial cells adjacent to the defect were poorly attached to the underlying extracellular matrix. A prominent superficial stromal hyaline acellular zone composed of collagen fibrils in the area of the erosion was present in most specimens. Samples exhibited a varying degree of fibroplasia, vascularization, and leukocytic infiltrate. Laminin, collagen IV, and collagen VII were usually either not present or were present only in discontinuous segments on the surface of the erosion. Fibronectin usually coated the surface of the erosion, either as a continuous sheet or in discontinuous segments. Transmission electron microscopy of 15 samples revealed that the basement membrane was either absent in the area of the erosion or was present only in discontinuous segments. Scanning electron microscopy of eight of nine samples confirmed the absence of continuous basement membrane. Epithelial and extracellular matrix components in the peripheral cornea appeared normal. CONCLUSIONS Most canine patients with spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects do not have a normal basement membrane structure in the region of the epithelial defect and have other abnormalities in the subjacent extracellular matrix that may reflect a part of the underlying pathophysiology of chronic and recurrent erosions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bentley
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA
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35
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Adami HO, Hsing AW, McLaughlin JK, Trichopoulos D, Hacker D, Ekbom A, Persson I. Alcoholism and liver cirrhosis in the etiology of primary liver cancer. Int J Cancer 1992; 51:898-902. [PMID: 1639537 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910510611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the risk of developing primary liver cancer in patients with a diagnosis of alcoholism, liver cirrhosis, or both. Three population-based, mutually exclusive cohorts were defined on the basis of hospital discharge diagnosis between 1965 and 1983. Complete follow-up through 1984--excluding the first year of follow-up--showed that among 8,517 patients with a diagnosis of alcoholism, 13 cancers occurred, vs. 4.2 expected (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 3.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6 to 5.3); among 3,589 patients with liver cirrhosis, 59 cancers occurred, vs. 1.7 expected (SIR = 35.1; 95% CI = 26.7 to 45.3), and among 836 patients with both diagnoses, 11 cancers occurred, vs. 0.3 expected (SIR = 34.3; 95% CI = 17.1 to 61.3). Thus, alcoholism alone entailed a moderately increased risk and alcoholism with liver cirrhosis did not increase the high relative risk for liver cancer more than cirrhosis alone. We conclude that alcohol intake may be a liver carcinogen only by being causally involved in the development of cirrhosis; and further, that the risk of developing liver cancer following cirrhosis in this population is similar to or higher than that after chronic hepatitis-B-virus infection in other Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Adami
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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36
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Collmer CW, Stenzler L, Chen X, Fay N, Hacker D, Howell SH. Single amino acid change in the helicase domain of the putative RNA replicase of turnip crinkle virus alters symptom intensification by virulent satellites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:309-13. [PMID: 1370351 PMCID: PMC48226 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.1.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The virulent satellite [satellite C (sat C)] of turnip crinkle virus (TCV) is a small pathogenic RNA that intensifies symptoms in TCV-infected turnip plants (Brassica campestris). The virulence of sat C is determined by properties of the satellite itself and is influenced by the helper virus. Symptoms produced in infections with sat C differ in severity depending on the helper virus. The TCV-JI helper virus produces more severe symptoms than the TCV-B helper virus when inoculated with sat C. To find determinants in the TCV helper virus genome that affect satellite virulence, the TCV-JI genome was cloned and the sequence compared to the TCV-B genome. The genomes were found to differ by only five base changes, and only one of the base changes, at nucleotide position 1025, produced an amino acid change, an aspartic acid----glycine in the putative viral replicase. A chimeric TCV genome (TCV-B/JI) containing four of the five base changes (including the base change at position 1025) and a mutant TCV-B genome (TCV-B1025G) containing a single base substitution at position 1025 converted the TCV-B genome into a form that produces severe symptoms with sat C. The base change a position 1025 is located in the helicase of the putative viral replicase, and symptom intensification appears to result from differences in the rate of replication of the satellite supported by the two helper viruses.
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37
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Abstract
Cancer incidence was ascertained in a population-based cohort of 51,008 patients in Uppsala, Sweden, who were given a discharge diagnosis of diabetes mellitus during 1965-83. Complete follow-up through 1984 with exclusion of the first year of observation showed that the observed number of cancers in females (1,294) was eight percent higher than expected (relative risk [RR] = 1.1, 95 percent confidence interval = 1.0-1.1), whereas in males the observed number (1,123) was close to the expected (RR = 1.0, 0.9-1.1). Significantly increased risks of pancreatic (RR = 1.4, 1.2-1.7), primary liver (RR = 1.5, 1.2-1.7), and endometrial (RR = 1.5, 1.2-1.8) cancers and a lower than expected number of prostatic cancers (RR = 0.7, 0.7-0.9) were found in this cohort of diabetic patients. The excess risk of pancreatic cancer was similar in females and males and evident both during one through four years (RR = 1.7, 1.4-2.1) and five through nine years (RR = 1.3, 0.9-1.7) of follow-up, but not thereafter. A similar pattern was found for primary liver cancer, but the RRs were generally higher in males than in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Adami
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kolakofsky
- Department of Microbiology, University of Genewa School of Medicine, Switzerland
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39
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Abstract
Unlike some members of the family Bunyaviridae which contain ambisense genomes, all La Crosse virus reading frames are translated from antigenome sense mRNAs. Nevertheless, La Crosse virus genome sense mRNAs or anti-mRNAs are initiated from antigenome templates. These are characterized by the same range of capped, nontemplated sequences at their 5' ends as mRNAs, but their 3' ends are presumed to be heterogenous, as they were not seen on RNA blots. The anti-mRNAs are estimated to be 15 to 30 times less abundant than mRNAs, but remarkably, this ratio is similar to that of functional genome sense mRNAs made from other bona fide ambisense segments. A role for these anti-mRNAs during infection is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hacker
- Department of Microbiology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
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40
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Abstract
Centrifugation of Tacaribe arenavirus-infected cell extracts on CsCl density gradients was used to separate genomes and antigenomes, which band at 1.31 g/ml as nucleocapsids, from mRNAs which pellet. Primer extensions on the banded RNAs showed that the 5' ends of the genomes and antigenomes were unique, whereas primer extensions on the mRNAs showed that their 5' ends were heterogenous in length, extending 0-4 bases beyond the 3' ends of the templates for their synthesis. This suggests that arenavirus mRNAs may initiate by a cap-snatching mechanism, somewhat similar to influenza viruses and bunyaviruses. We also found an extra G residue at the 5' end of the genome RNA, which was not predicted according to current models. This is now the third time that the unexpected G residue has been found at the 5' end of arenavirus genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raju
- Department of Microbiology, University of Geneva School of Medicine
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41
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Abstract
Within 24 to 48 h of La Crosse virus infection of mosquito cells, greater than 75% of the S mRNA was found to band in CsCl density gradients at the position of genome or antigenome nucleocapsids. The encapsidation of the S mRNA correlates with the repression of N protein synthesis in vivo, and the encapsidated S mRNA cannot be translated in vitro. Unlike genome and antigenome assembly, S mRNA assembly is a relatively slow process, which is not coupled to its synthesis. Within the encapsidated S mRNA population, three forms could be distinguished, those with intact primers which were or were not also assembled with N protein and those in which the primer and up to 3 template bases had been lost. We suggest that genome replication, but not transcription, is down regulated with time in mosquito cells for reasons that are unclear. The pool of unassembled N protein then increased to the point at which it began to interact with its own mRNA, as this mRNA also contains what is considered to be the assembly site, i.e., the conserved sequences at the 5' ends of all genome and antigenome chains. This lead to the assembly of the entire mRNA, except for the nontemplate primer. Some of the primers were then also assembled with N protein, whereas others were digested to produce truncated mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hacker
- Department of Microbiology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland
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42
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Murphy CJ, Koblik P, Bellhorn RW, Pino M, Hacker D, Burling T. Squamous cell carcinoma causing blindness and ophthalmoplegia in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1989; 195:965-8. [PMID: 2793581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ophthalmoplegia and blindness caused by squamous cell carcinoma were reported in a cat. Unilateral functional deficits of cranial nerves II, III, IV, and VI and of the sympathetic nerve supply caused blindness, complete ophthalmoplegia, and Horner syndrome. Radiography and computed tomography revealed a proliferating bony lesion associated with the right tympanic bulla, right temporal bone, right side of the mandible, and left frontal bone. A focal area of bony destruction involved the right sphenoid bone. The cat was euthanatized and necropsied. Squamous cell carcinoma was identified invading the bones and rostral part of the right side of the skull. The tumor had extended through the sphenoid bones into the region of the cavernous sinus and had surrounded the cranial nerves passing through this region. It also had invested connective tissue surrounding the optic nerves and had invaded the right globe through the lamina cribrosa. This represents an unusual distribution for ocular cranial squamous cell carcinoma in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Murphy
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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43
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Murphy CJ, Lavoie JP, Groff J, Hacker D, Pryor P, Bellhorn RW. Bilateral eyelid swelling attributable to lymphosarcoma in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1989; 194:939-42. [PMID: 2703429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bilateral swelling of upper and lower eyelids was caused by lymphocytic infiltration in an 8-year-old Thoroughbred mare. The condition worsened with pregnancy and became associated with subcutaneous dissemination of lymphosarcoma at distant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Murphy
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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44
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Abstract
An unusually high incidence of interviral recombination was found in the process of integration of the polyomavirus genome concomitant with neoplastic transformation of nonpermissive cells. Transformants were isolated after mixed infections of Fischer rat cells with two mutants lacking restriction endonuclease sites and were analyzed for the presence of unselected integrated recombinant restriction fragments. A large fraction of the transformants isolated (38% of the 64 transformed cell lines studied) contained recombinant viral genomes that had undergone recombination in a 1.3-, 1.7-, or 3.6-kilobase-pair interval. More than 90% of these recombinant transformants showed evidence of crossovers in multiple intervals. To our knowledge, the recombination frequencies observed in these experiments represent the highest frequencies of homologous recombination reported for a mitotic mammalian system that does not involve transfection. In contrast to the elevated level of recombination in the integrated viral genomes, no evidence of recombination was obtained among the replicated unintegrated pool of viral genomes isolated from the same population of infected cells from which the recombinant transformants were derived. Either of two hypotheses can provide an explanation for the segregated recombination: either recombination occurs at elevated levels in a small, recombination-prone fraction of the population destined to become transformed, or recombination occurs only among those viral genomes which are engaged in the process of integration and thus interact with a recombinogenic host machinery (for example, the host scaffold). We favor the latter hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hacker
- Department of Microbiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1101
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45
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Goodwin JW, Crowley J, Tranum B, Vance R, Slavik M, Balcerzak S, Hacker D. Phase II trial of spirogermanium in central nervous system tumors: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. Cancer Treat Rep 1987; 71:99-100. [PMID: 3791276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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46
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Sebald W, Hofstötter T, Hacker D, Bücher T. Incorporation of amino acids into mitochondrial protein of the flight muscle of Locusta migratoria in vitro and in vivo in the presence of cycloheximide. FEBS Lett 1969; 2:177-180. [PMID: 11946304 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(69)80011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Sebald
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie und Physikalische Biochemie der Universität München, Germany
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