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Wongso H, Kurniawan A, Setiadi Y, Kusumaningrum CE, Widyasari EM, Wibawa TH, Mahendra I, Febrian MB, Sriyani ME, Halimah I, Daruwati I, Gunawan R, Achmad A, Nugraha DH, Lesmana R, Nugraha AS. Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO): A Promising Molecular Target for Image-Guided Surgery of Solid Cancers. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:86-104. [PMID: 38585455 PMCID: PMC10997928 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The translocator protein 18-kDa (TSPO) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that is previously identified as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). Furthermore, it plays a significant role in a diverse range of biochemical processes, including steroidogenesis, mitochondrial cholesterol transport, cell survival and death, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis. Several investigations also reported its roles in various types of cancers, including colorectal, brain, breast, prostate, and lung cancers, as well as melanoma. According to a previous study, the expression of TSPO was upregulated in cancer cells, which corresponds to an aggressive phenotype and/or poor prognosis. Consequently, the potential for crafting diagnostic and prognostic tools with a focus on TSPO holds great potential. In this context, several radioligands designed to target this protein have been identified, and some of the candidates have advanced to clinical trials. In recent years, the use of hybrid probes with radioactive and fluorescence molecules for image-guided surgery has exhibited promising results in animal and human studies. This indicates that the approach can serve as a valuable surgical navigator during cancer surgery. The current hybrid probes are built from various molecular platforms, including small molecules, nanoparticles, and antibodies. Although several TSPO-targeted imaging probes have been developed, their development for image-guided surgery of cancers is still limited. Therefore, this review aims to highlight recent findings on the involvement of TSPO in carcinogenesis, as well as provide a new perspective on the potential application of TSPO-targeted hybrid probes for image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendris Wongso
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Kurniawan
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Yanuar Setiadi
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Crhisterra E. Kusumaningrum
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Eva M. Widyasari
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Teguh H.A. Wibawa
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Isa Mahendra
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad B. Febrian
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Maula E. Sriyani
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Iim Halimah
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Isti Daruwati
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Gunawan
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Arifudin Achmad
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Theranostics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161
- Oncology and Stem Cells Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161
| | | | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Physiology Molecular, Division of Biological Activity, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Sciences, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ari S. Nugraha
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
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Asri N, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E, Taleghani MY, Houri H, Saeedi Niasar M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Jahani-Sherafat S, Shahbazkhani A, Nikzamir A, Ehsani Ardakani MJ, Khodadost M, Rostami-Nejad M. Evaluating CD4 and Foxp3 mRNA Expression in Tissue Specimens of Celiac Disease and Colorectal Cancer Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:647-652. [PMID: 38415552 PMCID: PMC11077127 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.2.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Celiac disease (CD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are distinct gastrointestinal conditions with a debated association. This study aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression of CD4 and Foxp3 in tissue specimens of CD and CRC patients. The findings can provide valuable insights into the complex connection between these different gastrointestinal conditions. METHODS Tissue samples from 100 CRC patients, 50 CD patients, and 50 healthy controls (HCs) were collected. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative real-time PCR were performed. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and Pearson's correlation test. RESULT CD4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in CRC patients compared to CD patients and HCs (P<0.0001 for both). Foxp3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in CD patients compared to CRC patients and HCs (P<0.0001 for both). Clinicopathological characteristics did not correlate significantly with gene expression levels. CONCLUSION This study reveals differential expression patterns of CD4 and Foxp3 mRNA in CRC and CD patients. Upregulated CD4 mRNA suggests its potential role in promoting tumor growth, while increased Foxp3 mRNA expression may reflect an immunosuppressive mechanism in CD pathogenesis. These findings provide insights into the molecular and immunological aspects of CRC and CD, warranting further studies for potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Asri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Yaghoob Taleghani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Houri
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Saeedi Niasar
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Jahani-Sherafat
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Shahbazkhani
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Ehsani Ardakani
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Khodadost
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Barpanda A, Tuckley C, Ray A, Banerjee A, Duttagupta SP, Kantharia C, Srivastava S. A protein microarray-based serum proteomic investigation reveals distinct autoantibody signature in colorectal cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023; 17:e2200062. [PMID: 36408811 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported as the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The 5-year annual survival is around 50%, mainly due to late diagnosis, striking necessity for early detection. This study aims to identify autoantibody in patients' sera for early screening of cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The study used a high-density human proteome array with approximately 17,000 recombinant proteins. Screening of sera from healthy individuals, CRC from Indian origin, and CRC from middle-east Asia origin were performed. Bio-statistical analysis was performed to identify significant autoantibodies altered. Pathway analysis was performed to explore the underlying mechanism of the disease. RESULTS The comprehensive proteomic analysis revealed dysregulation of 15 panels of proteins including CORO7, KCNAB1, WRAP53, NDUFS6, KRT30, and COLGALT2. Further biological pathway analysis for the top dysregulated autoantigenic proteins revealed perturbation in important biological pathways such as ECM degradation and cytoskeletal remodeling etc. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The generation of an autoimmune response against cancer-linked pathways could be linked to the screening of the disease. The process of immune surveillance can be detected at an early stage of cancer. Moreover, AAbs can be easily extracted from blood serum through the least invasive test for disease screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Barpanda
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Chaitanya Tuckley
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Arka Ray
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Siddhartha P Duttagupta
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Chetan Kantharia
- Department of surgical gastroenterology at King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth G. S. Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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Villamanca JJ, Hermogino LJ, Ong KD, Paguia B, Abanilla L, Lim A, Angeles LM, Espiritu B, Isais M, Tomas RC, Albano PM. Predicting the Likelihood of Colorectal Cancer with Artificial Intelligence Tools Using Fourier Transform Infrared Signals Obtained from Tumor Samples. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:1412-1428. [PMID: 35821580 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221116083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The early and accurate detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) significantly affects its prognosis and clinical management. However, current standard diagnostic procedures for CRC often lack sensitivity and specificity since most rely on visual examination. Hence, there is a need to develop more accurate methods for its diagnosis. Support vector machine (SVM) and feedforward neural network (FNN) models were designed using the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectral data of several colorectal tissues that were unanimously identified as either benign or malignant by different unrelated pathologists. The set of samples in which the pathologists had discordant readings were then analyzed using the AI models described above. Between the SVM and NN models, the NN model was able to outperform the SVM model based on their prediction confidence scores. Using the spectral data of the concordant samples as training set, the FNN was able to predict the histologically diagnosed malignant tissues (n = 118) at 59.9-99.9% confidence (average = 93.5%). Of the 118 samples, 84 (71.18%) were classified with an above average confidence score, 34 (28.81%) classified below the average confidence score, and none was misclassified. Moreover, it was able to correctly identify the histologically confirmed benign samples (n = 83) at 51.5-99.7% confidence (average = 91.64%). Of the 83 samples, 60 (72.29%) were classified with an above average confidence score, 22 (26.51%) classified below the average confidence score, and only 1 sample (1.20%) was misclassified. The study provides additional proof of the ability of attenuated total reflection (ATR) FT-IR enhanced by AI tools to predict the likelihood of CRC without dependence on morphological changes in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jerald Villamanca
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, 564927University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lemuel John Hermogino
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, 564927University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Katherine Denise Ong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, 564927University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Brian Paguia
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, 564927University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lorenzo Abanilla
- Department of Pathology, Divine Word Hospital, Tacloban City, Philippines
| | - Antonio Lim
- Department of Pathology, Divine Word Hospital, Tacloban City, Philippines
| | - Lara Mae Angeles
- Department of Pathology, 596481University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Bernadette Espiritu
- Department of Pathology, 603332Bulacan Medical Center, Malolos City, Philippines
| | - Maura Isais
- Department of Pathology, 603332Bulacan Medical Center, Malolos City, Philippines
- The Graduate School, 595547University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Rock Christian Tomas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, 54729University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Pia Marie Albano
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, 564927University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Pathology, Divine Word Hospital, Tacloban City, Philippines
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, 564927University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
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Leng X, Yang J, Liu T, Zhao C, Cao Z, Li C, Sun J, Zheng S. A bioinformatics framework to identify the biomarkers and potential drugs for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:1017539. [PMID: 36238159 PMCID: PMC9551025 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1017539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a common malignant tumor, is one of the main causes of death in cancer patients in the world. Therefore, it is critical to understand the molecular mechanism of CRC and identify its diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The purpose of this study is to reveal the genes involved in the development of CRC and to predict drug candidates that may help treat CRC through bioinformatics analyses. Two independent CRC gene expression datasets including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and GSE104836 were used in this study. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed separately on the two datasets, and intersected for further analyses. 249 drug candidates for CRC were identified according to the intersected DEGs and the Crowd Extracted Expression of Differential Signatures (CREEDS) database. In addition, hub genes were analyzed using Cytoscape according to the DEGs, and survival analysis results showed that one of the hub genes, TIMP1 was related to the prognosis of CRC patients. Thus, we further focused on drugs that could reverse the expression level of TIMP1. Eight potential drugs with documentary evidence and two new drugs that could reverse the expression of TIMP1 were found among the 249 drugs. In conclusion, we successfully identified potential biomarkers for CRC and achieved drug repurposing using bioinformatics methods. Further exploration is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms of these identified genes and drugs/small molecules in the occurrence, development and treatment of CRC.
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Ahmad E, Ali A, Nimisha, Kumar Sharma A, Apurva, Kumar A, Dar GM, Sumayya Abdul Sattar R, Verma R, Mahajan B, Singh Saluja S. Molecular markers in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 532:95-114. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
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Singh P, Waghambare P, Khan T, Omri A. Colorectal cancer management: Strategies in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:653-670. [PMID: 35656670 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2084531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer leading to death worldwide following breast and lung cancer with the incidence rate of 10%. The treatment comprises of surgery, radiation, and ablation therapy depending upon the stage of cancer. AREAS COVERED The review focuses on various drug delivery strategies explored to circumvent the major constraints associated with the conventional drug delivery systems- poor bioavailability, intra- and inter individual variability, exposure of normal cells to antineoplastic agents, and presence of efflux pump. All these attributes impact the effective delivery of chemotherapeutic agents at the tumor site. The various target specific drug delivery systems developed for colorectal cancer include pH dependent, microbiologically triggered, time dependent, magnetically driven, pressure dependent, prodrug/polysaccharide based, osmotic and ligand mediated systems. This review enumerates novel target specific approaches developed and investigated for potential utility in CRC therapeutics. EXPERT OPINION The limitations of conventional delivery systems can be overcome by development of colon-specific targeted drug delivery systems that overcome the obstacles of nonspecific biodistribution, drug resistance and unwanted adverse effects of conventional drug delivery systems. In addition, nanotechnology approaches help to increase drug solubility, bioavailability, reduce side effects and provide superior drug response in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pramita Waghambare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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Ahmad E, Ali A, Nimisha, Kumar Sharma A, Apurva, Kumar A, Mehdi G, Sumayya Abdul Sattar R, Verma R, Mahajan B, Singh Saluja S. Molecular markers in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 532:95-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bakhsh T, Alhazmi S, Alburae NA, Farsi A, Alzahrani F, Choudhry H, Bahieldin A. Exosomal miRNAs as a Promising Source of Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094855. [PMID: 35563246 PMCID: PMC9103063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide amongst males and females. CRC treatment is multidisciplinary, often including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Early diagnosis of CRC can lead to treatment initiation at an earlier stage. Blood biomarkers are currently used to detect CRC, but because of their low sensitivity and specificity, they are considered inadequate diagnostic tools and are used mainly for following up patients for recurrence. It is necessary to detect novel, noninvasive, specific, and sensitive biomarkers for the screening and diagnosis of CRC at earlier stages. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has an essential role in tumorigenesis; for example, extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes can play a crucial role in communication between cancer cells and different components of TME, thereby inducing tumor progression. The importance of miRNAs that are sorted into exosomes has recently attracted scientists’ attention. Some unique sequences of miRNAs are favorably packaged into exosomes, and it has been illustrated that particular miRNAs can be directed into exosomes by special mechanisms that occur inside the cells. This review illustrates and discusses the sorted and transported exosomal miRNAs in the CRC microenvironment and their impact on CRC progression as well as their potential use as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Bakhsh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jeddah University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Safiah Alhazmi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Najla Ali Alburae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Ali Farsi
- Department of Surgry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faisal Alzahrani
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Embryonic Stem Cells Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.B.)
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Hu F, Zeng L, Chen Z, Jiang M, Lin S, Guo W, Li D. Surface-Functionalized Terahertz Metamaterial Biosensor Used for the Detection of Exosomes in Patients. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3739-3747. [PMID: 35298154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their stability in bodily fluids, exosomes have attracted increased attention as colorectal cancer (CRC) biomarkers for early diagnosis. To validate the potential of the plasma exosomes as a novel biomarker for the monitoring of CRC, we demonstrated a terahertz (THz) metamaterials (MMs) biosensor for the detection of exosomes in this work. The biosensor with two resonant frequencies is designed using full wave electromagnetic simulation software based on the finite integration time domain (FITD) method and fabricated by a surface micromachining process. The biosensor surface is first modified using Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), and then, anti-KRAS and anti-CD147, which are specific to the exosomes, are modified on the AuNPs assembled with HS-poly(ethylene glycol)-COOH (HS-PEG-COOH). Exosomes used in the experiment are extracted via the instructions in the exosomes isolation and purification kit and identified by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blot (WB), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The biosensor covered with plasma-derived exosomes of CRC patients has a different resonance frequency shift compared to that with healthy-control-derived exosomes. This study proposes an emerging and quick method for diagnosing the CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yuanli Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou 535000, China
| | - Fangrong Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lizhen Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhencheng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Mingzhu Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Institute of Information Technology of Guilin, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shangjun Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dongxia Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Haga Y, Ueda K. Glycosylation in cancer: its application as a biomarker and recent advances of analytical techniques. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:303-313. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Hormati A, Hajrezaei Z, Jazi K, Aslani Kolur Z, Rezvan S, Ahmadpour S. Gastrointestinal and Pancratohepatobiliary Cancers: A Comprehensive Review on Epidemiology and Risk Factors Worldwide. Middle East J Dig Dis 2022; 14:5-23. [PMID: 36619733 PMCID: PMC9489325 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2022.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of cancer cases are afflicted by gastrointestinal cancers annually. Lifestyle and nutrition have a huge effect on gastrointestinal function, and unhealthy habits have become quite widespread in recent decades, culminating in the rapid growth of gastrointestinal cancers. The most prevalent cancers are lip and mouth cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver and bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. Risk factors such as red meat consumption, alcohol consumption, tea, rice, viruses such as Helicobacter pylori and Ebstein Bar Virus (EBV), along with reduced physical activity, predispose the gastrointestinal tract to damage and cause cancer. According to the rapid increase of cancer incidence and late diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies, further epidemiological researches remain necessary in order to make appropriate population-based preventive policies. In this study, we reviewed clinical symptoms, risk factors, preventative measures, as well as incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide with focus on Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hormati
- Assistant Professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Assistant Professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Disease Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajrezaei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran
| | - Kimia Jazi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran
| | - Zahra Aslani Kolur
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran
| | - Sajjad Rezvan
- Radiology Resident, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Ahmadpour
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran,Corresponding Author: Sajjad Ahmadpour, MD Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Telefax: + 98 2538105062
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13
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Tan L, Qu W, Wu D, Liu M, Wang Q, Ai Q, Hu H, Chen M, Chen W, Zhou H. GRHL3 Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis via the MEK Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2021; 2021:6004821. [PMID: 34888136 PMCID: PMC8651427 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6004821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
GRHL3 is a factor associated with a tumor, of which the molecular mechanism remains a further investigation. We explored the underlying mechanism of tumor-promoting effect of GRHL3 in colorectal cancer (CRC), which is involved in the MEK1/2 pathway. The expression of GRHL3 was measured in CRC and adjacent normal tissue using qPCR and immunohistochemical staining. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown expression of GRHL3 was performed in the CRC cell line HT29. Cell proliferation and metastasis were assayed in vitro, and tumorigenicity was investigated in vivo. We found higher GRHL3 expression in colorectal cancer, which was negatively correlated with patients' prognosis. Results from studies in vitro and in vivo indicated that downregulation of GRHL3 expression inhibited tumor growth and metastasis and inhibited the activation of the MEK1/2 pathway. The effect of GRHL3 downexpression was the same as that of MEK1/2 antagonists on suppression of tumor growth and metastasis. Our results suggested that GRHL3 may act as an oncogene to promote tumor growth and metastasis via the MEK pathway in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China 412007
| | - Weiming Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China 412007
| | - Dajun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China 412007
| | - Minji Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China 412007
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China 412007
| | - Qiongjia Ai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China 412007
| | - Hongsai Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China 412007
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China 412007
| | - Weishun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China 412007
| | - Hongbing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China 412007
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14
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Tieng FYF, Abu N, Nasir SN, Lee LH, Ab Mutalib NS. Liquid Biopsy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening via Surface Markers of Circulating Tumor Cells. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2136. [PMID: 34829483 PMCID: PMC8618170 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked second for cancer-related deaths worldwide with approximately half of the patients being diagnosed at the late stages. The untimely detection of CRC results in advancement to the metastatic stage and nearly 90% of cancer-related deaths. The early detection of CRC is crucial to decrease its overall incidence and mortality rates. The recent introduction of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has enabled a less invasive sampling method from liquid biopsies, besides revealing key information toward CRC metastasis. The current gold standard for CTC identification is the CellSearch® system (Veridex). This first-generation instrumentation relies on a single cell surface marker (CSM) to capture and count CTCs. Detection of CTCs allows the identification of patients at risk for metastasis, whereas CTC enumeration could improve risk assessment, monitoring of systemic therapy, and detection of therapy resistance in advanced metastatic CRC. In this review, we compared the pros and cons between single CSM-based CTC enrichment techniques and multi-marker-based systems. We also highlighted the challenges faced in the routine implementation of CSM-dependent CTC detection methods in CRC screening, prediction, prognosis, disease monitoring, and therapy selection toward precision medicine, as well as the dwelling on post-CTC analysis and characterization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Yew Fu Tieng
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (F.Y.F.T.); (N.A.); (S.N.N.)
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (F.Y.F.T.); (N.A.); (S.N.N.)
| | - Siti Nurmi Nasir
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (F.Y.F.T.); (N.A.); (S.N.N.)
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University of Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (F.Y.F.T.); (N.A.); (S.N.N.)
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University of Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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15
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Kasi PM, Sawyer S, Guilford J, Munro M, Ellers S, Wulff J, Hook N, Krinshpun S, Koyen Malashevich A, Malhotra M, Rodriguez A, Moshkevich S, Grothey A, Kopetz S, Billings P, Aleshin A. BESPOKE study protocol: a multicentre, prospective observational study to evaluate the impact of circulating tumour DNA guided therapy on patients with colorectal cancer. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047831. [PMID: 34561256 PMCID: PMC8475162 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent disease, wherein, ~30%-40% of patients with CRC relapse postresection. In some patients with CRC, adjuvant chemotherapy can help delay recurrence or be curative. However, current biomarkers show limited clinical utility in determining if/when chemotherapy should be administered, to provide benefit. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) can measure molecular residual disease (MRD) and relapse with high specificity and sensitivity. This study protocol investigates the clinical utility of ctDNA for optimal use of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with surgically resected CRC and to detect early disease progression in the surveillance setting. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a multicentre prospective, observational cohort study. A total of 2000 stage I-IV patients will be enrolled in up to 200 US sites, and patients will be followed for up to 2 years with serial ctDNA analysis, timed with the standard-of-care visits. The primary endpoints are to observe the impact of bespoke ctDNA testing on adjuvant treatment decisions and to measure CRC recurrence rates while asymptomatic and without imaging correlate. The secondary endpoints are MRD clearance rate (MRD+ to MRD-) during or after adjuvant chemotherapy, percentage of patients that undergo surgery for oligometastatic recurrence, survival of MRD-negative patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy versus no adjuvant chemotherapy (active surveillance), overall survival, examine the number of stage I CRC that have recurrent disease detected postsurgery, and patient-reported outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has received ethical approval from the Advarra Institutional Review Board (IRB) protocol: Natera-20-041-NCP/3766.01, BESPOKE Study of ctDNA Guided Therapy in Colorectal Cancer (BESPOKE CRC) (Pro00041473) on 10 June 2021. Data protection and privacy regulations will be strictly observed in the capturing, forwarding, processing and storing of patients' data. Publication of any study results will be approved by Natera in accordance with the site-specific contract. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04264702.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Axel Grothey
- West Cancer Center and Research Institute, Germantown, Tennessee, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- GI Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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16
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Fonseca A, Ramalhete SV, Mestre A, Pires das Neves R, Marreiros A, Castelo-Branco P, Roberto VP. Identification of colorectal cancer associated biomarkers: an integrated analysis of miRNA expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:21991-22029. [PMID: 34547721 PMCID: PMC8507258 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This complex disease still holds severe problems concerning diagnosis due to the high invasiveness nature of colonoscopy and the low accuracy of the alternative diagnostic methods. Additionally, patient heterogeneity even within the same stage is not properly reflected in the current stratification system. This scenario highlights the need for new biomarkers to improve non-invasive screenings and clinical management of patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as good candidate biomarkers in cancer as they are stable molecules, easily measurable and detected in body fluids thus allowing for non-invasive diagnosis and/or prognosis. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis first using 4 different datasets (discovery cohorts) to identify miRNAs associated with colorectal cancer development, unveil their role in this disease by identifying putative targets and regulatory networks and investigate their ability to serve as biomarkers. We have identified 26 differentially expressed miRNAs which interact with frequently deregulated genes known to participate in commonly altered pathways in colorectal cancer. Most of these miRNAs have high diagnostic power, and their prognostic potential is evidenced by panels of 5 miRNAs able to predict the outcome of stage II and III colorectal cancer patients. Notably, 8 miRNAs were validated in three additional independent cohorts (validation cohorts) including a plasma cohort thus reinforcing the value of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Fonseca
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Sara Ventura Ramalhete
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - André Mestre
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pires das Neves
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Ana Marreiros
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Vânia Palma Roberto
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
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17
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Beklen H, Yildirim E, Kori M, Turanli B, Arga KY. Systems-level biomarkers identification and drug repositioning in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i7.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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18
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Beklen H, Yildirim E, Kori M, Turanli B, Arga KY. Systems-level biomarkers identification and drug repositioning in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:638-661. [PMID: 34322194 PMCID: PMC8299930 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i7.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most commonly diagnosed fatal cancer in both women and men worldwide. CRC ranked second in mortality and third in incidence in 2020. It is difficult to diagnose CRC at an early stage as there are no clinical symptoms. Despite advances in molecular biology, only a limited number of biomarkers have been translated into routine clinical practice to predict risk, prognosis and response to treatment. In the last decades, systems biology approaches at the omics level have gained importance. Over the years, several biomarkers for CRC have been discovered in terms of disease diagnosis and prognosis. On the other hand, a few drugs are being developed and used in clinics for the treatment of CRC. However, the development of new drugs is very costly and time-consuming as the research and development takes about 10 years and more than $1 billion. Therefore, drug repositioning (DR) could save time and money by establishing new indications for existing drugs. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC from the systems biology perspective and insights into DR approaches for the prevention or treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Beklen
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Esra Yildirim
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Medi Kori
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Beste Turanli
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
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19
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Susmi TF, Rahman A, Khan MMR, Yasmin F, Islam MS, Nasif O, Alharbi SA, Batiha GES, Hossain MU. Prognostic and clinicopathological insights of phosphodiesterase 9A gene as novel biomarker in human colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:577. [PMID: 34016083 PMCID: PMC8136133 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PDE9A (Phosphodiesterase 9A) plays an important role in proliferation of cells, their differentiation and apoptosis via intracellular cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) signaling. The expression pattern of PDE9A is associated with diverse tumors and carcinomas. Therefore, PDE9A could be a prospective candidate as a therapeutic target in different types of carcinoma. The study presented here was designed to carry out the prognostic value as a biomarker of PDE9A in Colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study integrated several cancer databases with in-silico techniques to evaluate the cancer prognosis of CRC. RESULTS The analyses suggested that the expression of PDE9A was significantly down-regulated in CRC tissues than in normal tissues. Moreover, methylation in the DNA promoter region might also manipulate PDE9A gene expression. The Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that high level of expression of PDE9A gene was associated to higher survival in OS, RFS, and DSS in CRC patients. PDE9A demonstrated the highest positive correlation for rectal cancer recurrence with a marker gene CEACAM7. Furtheremore, PDE9A shared consolidated pathways with MAPK14 to induce survival autophagy in CRC cells and showed interaction with GUCY1A2 to drive CRPC. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the prognostic value of PDE9A gene could be used as a potential tumor biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasmina Ferdous Susmi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Atikur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Bangladesh
- Department of Fermentation Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Md. Moshiur Rahman Khan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Yasmin
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shariful Islam
- Department of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 5 Chome Kita 8 Jonishi, Kita Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808 Japan
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, 101 T.H. Morgan Building, Lexington, KY 40506-022 USA
| | - Omaima Nasif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University [Medical City], King Khalid University Hospital, PO Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira 22511 Egypt
| | - Mohammad Uzzal Hossain
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka 1349 Bangladesh
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20
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Nassar FJ, Msheik ZS, Nasr RR, Temraz SN. Methylated circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:111. [PMID: 34001239 PMCID: PMC8130320 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a deadly disease whose death rate ranks second among cancers though its incidence ranks third. Early CRC detection is key and is associated with improved survival outcomes. However, existing tests for CRC diagnosis have several weaknesses thus rendering them inefficient. Moreover, reliable prognostic tests that can predict the overall cancer outcome and recurrence of the disease as well as predictive markers that can assess effectiveness of therapy are still lacking. Thus, shifting to noninvasive liquid biopsy or blood-based biomarkers is vital to improving CRC diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction. Methylated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has gained increased attention as a type of liquid biopsy that is tumor-derived fragmented DNA with epigenetic alterations. Methylated ctDNA are more consistently present in blood of cancer patients as compared to mutated ctDNA. Hence, methylated ctDNA serves as a potential biomarker for CRC that is worth investigating. In this review, we explore what has been reported about methylated ctDNA as a biomarker for CRC diagnosis that can distinguish between CRC patients or those having adenoma and healthy controls as validated specifically through ROC curves. We also examine methylated ctDNA as a biomarker for CRC prognosis and prediction as confirmed through robust statistical analyses. Finally, we discuss the major technical challenges that limits the use of methylated ctDNA for clinical application and suggest possible recommendations to enhance its usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah J Nassar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zahraa S Msheik
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rihab R Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Sally N Temraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
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21
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Deschepper FM, Zoppi R, Pirro M, Hensbergen PJ, Dall’Olio F, Kotsias M, Gardner RA, Spencer DI, Videira PA. L1CAM as an E-selectin Ligand in Colon Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218286. [PMID: 33167483 PMCID: PMC7672641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. E-selectin and its carbohydrate ligands, including sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) antigen, are key players in the binding of circulating tumor cells to the endothelium, which is one of the major events leading to organ invasion. Nevertheless, the identity of the glycoprotein scaffolds presenting these glycans in CRC remains unclear. In this study, we firstly have characterized the glycoengineered cell line SW620 transfected with the fucosyltransferase 6 (FUT6) coding for the α1,3-fucosyltransferase 6 (FUT6), which is the main enzyme responsible for the synthesis of sLeX in CRC. The SW620FUT6 cell line expressed high levels of sLeX antigen and E-selectin ligands. Moreover, it displayed increased migration ability. E-selectin ligand glycoproteins were isolated from the SW620FUT6 cell line, identified by mass spectrometry, and validated by flow cytometry and Western blot (WB). The most prominent E-selectin ligand we identified was the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM). Previous studies have shown association of L1CAM with metastasis in cancer, thus the novel role as E-selectin counter-receptor contributes to understand the molecular mechanism involving L1CAM in metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny M. Deschepper
- Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas (UCIBIO), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.M.D.); (R.Z.)
| | - Roberta Zoppi
- Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas (UCIBIO), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.M.D.); (R.Z.)
| | - Martina Pirro
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.P.); (P.J.H.)
| | - Paul J. Hensbergen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.P.); (P.J.H.)
| | - Fabio Dall’Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maximillianos Kotsias
- Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3EB, UK; (M.K.); (R.A.G.); (D.I.R.S.)
| | - Richard A. Gardner
- Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3EB, UK; (M.K.); (R.A.G.); (D.I.R.S.)
| | - Daniel I.R. Spencer
- Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3EB, UK; (M.K.); (R.A.G.); (D.I.R.S.)
| | - Paula A. Videira
- Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas (UCIBIO), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.M.D.); (R.Z.)
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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22
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Identification of microRNA-451a as a Novel Circulating Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5236236. [PMID: 32908896 PMCID: PMC7474364 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5236236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Successful treatment of CRC relies on accurate early diagnosis, which is currently a challenge due to its complexity and personalized pathologies. Thus, novel molecular biomarkers are needed for early CRC detection. Methods Gene and microRNA microarray profiling of CRC tissues and miRNA-seq data were analyzed. Candidate microRNA biomarkers were predicted using both CRC-specific network and miRNA-BD tool. Validation analyses were carried out to interrogate the identified candidate CRC biomarkers. Results We identified miR-451a as a potential early CRC biomarker circulating in patient's serum. The dysregulation of miR-451a was revealed both in primary tumors and in patients' sera. Downstream analysis validated the tumor suppressor role of miR-451a and high sensitivity of miR-451a in CRC patients, further confirming its potential role as CRC circulation biomarker. Conclusion The miR-451a is a potential circulating biomarker for early CRC diagnosis.
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Hollandsworth HM, Nishino H, Turner M, Amirfakhri S, Filemoni F, Hoffman RM, Yazaki PJ, Bouvet M. Humanized Fluorescent Tumor-associated Glycoprotein-72 Antibody Selectively Labels Colon-cancer Liver Metastases in Orthotopic Mouse Models. In Vivo 2020; 34:2303-2307. [PMID: 32871754 PMCID: PMC7652487 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Fluorescence imaging has been shown to improve intra-operative detection of liver metastasis. The present study aimed to determine whether humanized anti-TAG-72 antibody (huCC49) conjugated to a near-infrared dye provides selective labeling of colorectal-cancer liver metastasis in orthotopic mouse models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Humanized anti-TAG-72 (huCC49) was conjugated to IRDye800CW (huCC49-IR800). Orthotopic liver-metastasis nude-mouse models (n=5) were established with the human colon-cancer LS174T cell-line. Three weeks later, mice were administered huCC49-IR800 and intra-vital imaging was performed 48 h later. The mean tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR) was calculated. RESULTS Intra-vital imaging demonstrated clear tumor margins with minimal liver fluorescence 48 h after administration of 50 μg huCC49-IR800 with mean TLR=7.53 (SD±2.76). CONCLUSION Anti-TAG-72 monoclonal antibody conjugated to IRDye800 provides distinct and bright labeling of colorectal tumors in orthotopic nude-mouse models of liver metastasis. TAG-72 may be a useful target for intra-operative imaging of colorectal cancer liver metastasis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Hollandsworth
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Hiroto Nishino
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Michael Turner
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Siamak Amirfakhri
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Filemoni Filemoni
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Paul J Yazaki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, U.S.A
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A. .,Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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Secretome Proteomic Approaches for Biomarker Discovery: An Update on Colorectal Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56090443. [PMID: 32878319 PMCID: PMC7559921 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Searching for new cancer-related biomarkers is a key priority for the early detection of solid tumors, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), in clinically relevant biological fluids. The cell line and/or tumor tissue secretome represents a valuable resource for discovering novel protein markers secreted by cancer cells. The advantage of a secretome analysis is the reduction of the large dynamic range characterizing human plasma/serum, and the simultaneous enrichment of low abundance cancer-secreted proteins, thereby overcoming the technical limitations underlying the direct search in blood samples. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of recent studies on the CRC secretome for biomarker discovery, focusing both on methodological and technical aspects of secretome proteomic approaches and on biomarker-independent validation in CRC patient samples (blood and tissues). Secretome proteomics are mainly based on LC-MS/MS analyses for which secretome samples are either in-gel or in-solution trypsin-digested. Adequate numbers of biological and technical replicates are required to ensure high reproducibility and robustness of the secretome studies. Moreover, another major challenge is the accuracy of proteomic quantitative analysis performed by label-free or labeling methods. The analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the CRC secretome by using bioinformatic tools allowed the identification of potential biomarkers for early CRC detection. In this scenario, this review may help to follow-up the recent secretome studies in order to select promising circulating biomarkers to be validated in larger screenings, thereby contributing toward a complete translation in clinical practice.
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25
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Wang L, Yang J, Huang J, Wen ZQ, Xu N, Liu X, Zhang JH, Li WL. miRNA Expression Profile in the N2 Phenotype Neutrophils of Colorectal Cancer and Screen of Putative Key miRNAs. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5491-5503. [PMID: 32765063 PMCID: PMC7368334 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s251427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive tract, which accounts for 10% of all the malignant tumors in the world. The aim of this study was to identify key genes and miRNAs in CRC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy and to further explore the potential molecular mechanisms of CRC. Methods The infiltration and metastasis of neutrophils in primary colorectal cancer tissue and paracancerous tissue were observed by immunohistochemical staining. After inducing N2 neutrophils with TGF-β1 in vitro, exosomes were extracted and sequenced, and then the expression differences of miRNAs were screened by using Agilent miRNA microarrays. The data were imported to the Web CARMA for differential expression analysis. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed using DIANA-MirPath v3.0 using TargetScan database. And the corresponding targets were imported into Gephi for network analysis. The expression level of differentially expressed miRNA using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was validated. Results A total of 2 miRNAs were found to be associated with N2 neutrophils, in which the expression of hsa-miR-4780 was upregulated and the expression of hsa-miR-3938 was downregulated in N2 neutrophils, compared with the neutrophils. In addition, the results of miRNA-targets networks showed that the hsa-mir-3938 and hsa-mir-4780 could regulate TUSC1 and ZNF197. The expression level of hsa-miR-4780 and hsa-miR-3938 wase validated in accordance with the results of RT-PCR. Conclusion The hsa-mir-3938 and hsa-mir-4780 were differentially expressed between N2 neutrophils and neutrophils. Moreover, the regulation of TUSC1 and ZNF197 by these DEmiRNA established the theoretical basis for the mechanism of N2 type neutrophils regulating the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells and provided the potential biomarker for prognosis for clinical treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Qi Wen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hong He Prefecture Third People's Hospital, Gejiu City 661100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Liang Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032, People's Republic of China
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Jelski W, Mroczko B. Biochemical Markers of Colorectal Cancer - Present and Future. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4789-4797. [PMID: 32606968 PMCID: PMC7319530 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s253369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to a report by the National Cancer Institute, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. CRC is often recognized too late for successful therapy. Tumor markers have been sought for a number of years to detect the transformation of malignant cells at the earliest possible stage. They are usually proteins associated with a malignancy and might be clinically useful in patients with cancer. Several classical markers have been used to recognize colorectal cancer, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA 19.9), tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) and tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG-72). None of these tests, however, have excellent diagnostic accuracy. Recent studies have been conducted on the use of hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) and various enzymes in the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. These include macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3, interleukin-6 and enzymes (alcohol dehydrogenase and lysosomal exoglycosidases). Significantly, most cancer deaths are not caused by the primary tumor itself but by its spread. Analysis of circulating cancer cells (CTCs), ie, factors responsible for metastasis, may be a source of information useful in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. Currently available markers have significant limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jelski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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27
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Quinchia J, Echeverri D, Cruz-Pacheco AF, Maldonado ME, Orozco J. Electrochemical Biosensors for Determination of Colorectal Tumor Biomarkers. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E411. [PMID: 32295170 PMCID: PMC7231317 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The accurate determination of specific tumor markers associated with cancer with non-invasive or minimally invasive procedures is the most promising approach to improve the long-term survival of cancer patients and fight against the high incidence and mortality of this disease. Quantification of biomarkers at different stages of the disease can lead to an appropriate and instantaneous therapeutic action. In this context, the determination of biomarkers by electrochemical biosensors is at the forefront of cancer diagnosis research because of their unique features such as their versatility, fast response, accurate quantification, and amenability for multiplexing and miniaturization. In this review, after briefly discussing the relevant aspects and current challenges in the determination of colorectal tumor markers, it will critically summarize the development of electrochemical biosensors to date to this aim, highlighting the enormous potential of these devices to be incorporated into the clinical practice. Finally, it will focus on the remaining challenges and opportunities to bring electrochemical biosensors to the point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Quinchia
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (J.Q.); (D.E.); (A.F.C.-P.)
| | - Danilo Echeverri
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (J.Q.); (D.E.); (A.F.C.-P.)
| | - Andrés Felipe Cruz-Pacheco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (J.Q.); (D.E.); (A.F.C.-P.)
| | - María Elena Maldonado
- Grupo Impacto de los Componentes Alimentarios en la Salud, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (J.Q.); (D.E.); (A.F.C.-P.)
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Shi Q, Han XP, Yu J, Peng H, Chen YZ, Li F, Cui XB. Decreased vitamin D receptor protein expression is associated with progression and poor prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:746-755. [PMID: 32355523 PMCID: PMC7191154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression levels and evaluate their clinical significance in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). VDR protein expression was validated by immunohistochemistry in 188 CRC tissues and 134 normal colorectal tissues. The associations between VDR expression and clinicopathologic characteristics, including prognostic outcomes, were analyzed. VDR expression in normal colorectal tissue was higher than that in CRC (83.6% versus 34.6%, P = 4.489 × 10-20) and generated moderate diagnostic performance for CRC detection (AUC = 0.88, sensitivity = 0.87, specificity = 0.84). Low VDR expression was associated with invasion depth (P = 0.001) and poor survival in CRC (P = 0.031). Univariate Cox analysis demonstrated VDR expression (P = 0.036) was a significant prognostic predictor for survival in patients with CRC. Low VDR expression could be a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC patients. Targeting VDR may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for blocking CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xue-Ping Han
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou High-Tech Zone People’s HospitalSuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yun-Zhao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou High-Tech Zone People’s HospitalSuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Cui
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
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29
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Suh JH, Park MC, Goughnour PC, Min BS, Kim SB, Lee WY, Cho YB, Cheon JH, Lee KY, Nam DH, Kim S. Plasma Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase 1 (KARS1) as a Novel Diagnostic and Monitoring Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020533. [PMID: 32075312 PMCID: PMC7073917 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of world cancer deaths. To improve the survival rate of CRC, diagnosis and post-operative monitoring is necessary. Currently, biomarkers are used for CRC diagnosis and prognosis. However, these biomarkers have limitations of specificity and sensitivity. Levels of plasma lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KARS1), which was reported to be secreted from colon cancer cells by stimuli, along with other secreted aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), were analyzed in CRC and compared with the currently used biomarkers. The KARS1 levels of CRC patients (n = 164) plasma were shown to be higher than those of healthy volunteers (n = 32). The diagnostic values of plasma KARS1 were also evaluated by receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Compared with other biomarkers and ARSs, KARS1 showed the best diagnostic value for CRC. The cancer specificity and burden correlation of plasma KARS1 level were validated using azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model, and paired pre- and post-surgery CRC patient plasma. In the AOM/DSS model, the plasma level of KARS1 showed high correlation with number of polyps, but not for inflammation. Using paired pre- and post-surgery CRC plasma samples (n = 60), the plasma level of KARS1 was significantly decreased in post-surgery samples. Based on these evidence, KARS1, a surrogate biomarker reflecting CRC burden, can be used as a novel diagnostic and post-operative monitoring biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hun Suh
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.H.S.); (M.C.P.); (P.C.G.); (S.B.K.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min Chul Park
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.H.S.); (M.C.P.); (P.C.G.); (S.B.K.)
| | - Peter C. Goughnour
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.H.S.); (M.C.P.); (P.C.G.); (S.B.K.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byung Soh Min
- Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (B.S.M.); (K.Y.L.)
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.H.S.); (M.C.P.); (P.C.G.); (S.B.K.)
| | - Woo Yong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (W.Y.L.); (Y.B.C.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Yong Beom Cho
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (W.Y.L.); (Y.B.C.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Kang Young Lee
- Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (B.S.M.); (K.Y.L.)
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.H.S.); (M.C.P.); (P.C.G.); (S.B.K.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-8180; Fax: +82-2-875-2621
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Zamani S, Taslimi R, Sarabi A, Jasemi S, Sechi LA, Feizabadi MM. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis: A Possible Etiological Candidate for Bacterially-Induced Colorectal Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:449. [PMID: 32010637 PMCID: PMC6978650 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) produces Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT), which is associated with acute diarrheal, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer (CRC). In experimental models, ETBF has been shown to contribute to colon carcinogenesis. The present study was conducted to investigate mucosal colonization of ETBF in the colon to find a possible association between the presence of ETBF and precancerous and cancerous lesions. The mucosal biopsies of involved sites were obtained from 68 patients with precancerous and cancerous lesions and 52 healthy controls (HC). The samples were cultured on Bacteroides Bile Esculin agar. Then, specific primers were designed to detect B. fragilis and bft gene using quantitative real-time PCR, and the possible links of ETBF with clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated. Also real-time PCR was performed to detect the bft gene subtypes. Bacteroides fragilis was detected in 51% of the patients and 48% of HCs cultures. The 16SrRNA gene was found to be present in 63 and 81% of the patients and HCs' samples, respectively. Moreover, the bft gene was detected in 47 and 3.8% of the patients and HCs, respectively. Also, B. fragilis was significantly more abundant in the patients' samples compared to those of HCs. In the patient group, higher odds ratio (OR) of ETBF was significantly associated with serrated lesions and adenoma with low-grade dysplasia. The bft1 gene was the most prevalent subtype of bft gene, followed by the bft2 gene. This was the first study in Iran to demonstrate increased positivity of ETBF in patients with precancerous and cancerous lesions. In this study, the bft gene was found to be associated with CRC, especially in the patients with precancerous lesions and initial carcinogenic lesions. Moreover, the results suggest that mucosal BFT exposure is common and could be a risk factor and a screening marker for developing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Zamani
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Reza Taslimi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Sarabi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedesomaye Jasemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leonardo A. Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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31
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Sabarimurugan S, Kumarasamy C, Madurantakam Royam M, Lakhotiya K, Kodiveri Muthukaliannan G, Ramalingam S, Jayaraj R. Validation of miRNA prognostic significance in stage II colorectal cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of observational clinical studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14570. [PMID: 30896613 PMCID: PMC6709282 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) has seen marked improvements in recent years. However, it is still the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although there are studies reporting the significance of miRNAs in stage II colorectal cancer, there is no known comprehensive study utilising collective data from multiple published studies. Thus, this study will focus on performing a systematic review and meta-analysis using published data to identify and underline multiple miRNA targets, with regard to disease prognosis in stage II CRC patients. METHODS The systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, 2015 statement. The required articles will be obtained via a search of bibliographical databases such as Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science. A set of keywords in multiple permutations will be used for the search. The reference lists of included studies will also be manually searched to further increase the robustness of the search results. The systematic review will primarily be done via a literary synthesis. RESULTS Quantitative data synthesis will be based on estimated effect across the studies with forest plots generated to observe pooled outcome measures. A fixed or random-effect model of meta-analysis will be used depending upon the heterogeneity observed between studies. Subgroup analysis will be carried out depending on the availability of sufficient clinical data. CONCLUSION Based on the systematic review and meta-analysis results of this study, the possible miRNAs could be predicted toward the prognosis of stage II colorectal cancer, and specific miRNAs may perhaps be considered as a biomarker and therapeutic target for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Sabarimurugan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellan Kumarasamy
- University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Madhav Madurantakam Royam
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthik Lakhotiya
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Suja Ramalingam
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rama Jayaraj
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, Australia
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Yang YG, Koh YW, Sari IN, Jun N, Lee S, Phi LTH, Kim KS, Wijaya YT, Lee SH, Baek MJ, Jeong D, Kwon HY. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1-mediated EGFR/SOX2 signaling axis is essential for progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2020-2032. [PMID: 30318841 PMCID: PMC6587945 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Emerging data indicate that interferon‐induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) plays an important role in many cancers. However, it remains unclear whether IFITM1 is functionally indispensable in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, using NSCLC cell lines and patient‐derived samples, we show that IFITM1 is essentially required for the progression of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, IFITM1 depletion resulted in a significant reduction in sphere formation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro; these events were inversely correlated with the ectopic expression of IFITM1. In addition, tumor development was significantly impaired in the absence of IFITM1 in vivo. Mechanistically, epidermal growth factor receptor/sex‐determining region Y‐box 2 (EGFR/SOX2) signaling axis was compromised in the absence of IFITM1, and the ectopic expression of SOX2 partially rescued the defects caused by IFITM1 depletion. More importantly, using 226 patient‐derived samples, we demonstrate that a high level of IFITM1 expression is associated with a poor overall survival (OS) rate in adenocarcinoma but not in squamous cell carcinoma. Collectively, these data suggest that IFITM1 is a poor prognostic marker of adenocarcinoma and an attractive target to develop novel therapeutics for NSCLC. What's new? Interferon response genes play key roles in pathogen defense but emerging evidence also link them with cancer. The authors report that interferon‐induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) critically regulates epidermal growth factor receptor‐mediated signaling in nonsmall lung cancer models and is associated with a poor prognosis of patients with adenocarcinoma. This expands the function of this innate defense factor and might lead to improved clinical management of individuals afflicted with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Gui Yang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wha Koh
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ita Novita Sari
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Jun
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lan Thi Hanh Phi
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seock Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoseph Toni Wijaya
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Jun Baek
- Department of surgery, College of medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Sari IN, Yang YG, Phi LTH, Kim H, Baek MJ, Jeong D, Kwon HY. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) is required for the progression of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86039-86050. [PMID: 27852071 PMCID: PMC5349895 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) has been shown to be implicated in multiple cancers, yet little is known about biological significance of IFITM1 in colorectal cancer. Here, we show that IFITM1 is highly expressed in metastatic colorectal cancer cell lines as well as colorectal patient-derived tumor samples, and its expression is associated with a poor prognosis of the disease. Also, IFITM1 depletion resulted in a significant reduction in the mobility of cancer cell lines, whereas ectopic expression of IFITM1 promoted the migration of cancer cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature was dysregulated by both loss and gain of function of IFITM1, which was partially reverted by Caveolin-1 (CAV1). Therefore, these results suggest that IFITM1 may be a prognostic marker and an attractive target to achieve better therapeutic outcomes in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ita Novita Sari
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Gui Yang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Lan Thi Hanh Phi
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjoo Kim
- Soonchunhyang Medical Science Research Institute, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Jun Baek
- Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Jeong
- Soonchunhyang Medical Science Research Institute, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Republic of Korea
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Li L, Yang W, Yue H, He F, Xu S, Wei Q, Chen P, Peng Q, Deng S, Long P. Expression of NIBP and its clinical significance in human early colorectal cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:8633-8639. [PMID: 31966720 PMCID: PMC6965483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression of NIBP and its clinical significance in early colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS With immunohistochemistry, the expression of NIBP was detected in 23 patients of early colorectal cancer tissues, 102 patients of invasive colorectal cancer tissues, 32 patients of adenoma and 20 patients of normal tissues. The relationship between NIBP expression and clinicopathological characteristic of colorectal cancer were also analyzed. RESULT We found that the positive rates of NIBP was higher in early colorectal cancer tissues (82.6%, 19/23) than those in adenomas and normal tissues (x2=29.07, P<0.05), but not significant than those in invasive colorectal cancer (x2=1.79, P>0.05). Positivity for T1N0M0, T2N0M0, II, III and IV was 82.6% (19/23), 80.0% (4/5), 78.0% (32/41), 63.6% (21/33), 56.5% (13/23), respectively. With the increase in TNM stage, the positive rate of NIBP decreased, the positive rate of T1N0M0 is highest than other TNM stages, but no statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggested that NIBP is highly expressed in human early colorectal cancer tissues. NIBP might involve in the tumorigenesis and probably serve as a new marker for human early colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityNo. 183 Zhongshan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of The Fifth Hepatology, The Ninth Hospital of NanchangJiangxi Province, China
| | - Hui Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityNo. 183 Zhongshan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fengjian He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityNo. 183 Zhongshan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shenghao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityNo. 183 Zhongshan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qingzhu Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityNo. 183 Zhongshan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peisheng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityNo. 183 Zhongshan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qianqian Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityNo. 183 Zhongshan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sanhua Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityNo. 183 Zhongshan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peiqi Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityNo. 183 Zhongshan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Zheng J, Lee HL, Ham YW, Song HS, Song MJ, Hong JT. Anti-cancer effect of bee venom on colon cancer cell growth by activation of death receptors and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44437-51. [PMID: 26561202 PMCID: PMC4792567 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee venom (BV) has been used as a traditional medicine to treat arthritis, rheumatism, back pain, cancerous tumors, and skin diseases. However, the effects of BV on the colon cancer and their action mechanisms have not been reported yet. We used cell viability assay and soft agar colony formation assay for testing cell viability, electro mobility shift assay for detecting DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Western blotting assay for detection of apoptosis regulatory proteins. We found that BV inhibited growth of colon cancer cells through induction of apoptosis. We also found that the expression of death receptor (DR) 4, DR5, p53, p21, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-9 was increased by BV treatment in a dose dependent manner (0–5 μg/ml). Consistent with cancer cell growth inhibition, the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was also inhibited by BV treatment. Besides, we found that BV blocked NF-κB activation by directly binding to NF-κB p50 subunit. Moreover, combination treatment with BV and p50 siRNA or NF-κB inhibitor augmented BV-induced cell growth inhibition. However, p50 mutant plasmid (C62S) transfection partially abolished BV-induced cell growth inhibiton. In addition, BV significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, these results suggested that BV could inhibit colon cancer cell growth, and these anti-proliferative effects may be related to the induction of apoptosis by activation of DR4 and DR5 and inhibition of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Hye Lim Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Young Wan Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84508, USA
| | - Ho Sueb Song
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyungwon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggii 461-701, South Korea
| | - Min Jong Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-723, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
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Li C, Xu N, Li YQ, Wang Y, Zhu ZT. Inhibition of SW620 human colon cancer cells by upregulating miRNA-145. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2771-2778. [PMID: 26973415 PMCID: PMC4777999 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i9.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the targeted inhibition of proliferation and migration of SW620 human colon cancer cells by upregulating miRNA-145 (miR-145).
METHODS: Forty-five samples of colon cancer tissues and 45 normal control samples were obtained from the biological database of the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University. We performed quantitative analysis of miR-145 and N-ras expression in tissues; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of miR-145 expression in SW620 colon cancer cells and normal colonic epithelial cells; construction of miR-145 lentiviral vector and determination of miR-145 expression in SW620 cells transduced with miR-145 vector; analysis of the effect of miR-145 overexpression on SW620 cell proliferation; analysis of the effect of miR-145 overexpression on SW620 cell migration using a wound healing assay; and analysis of the effect of miR-145 on N-ras expression using Western blotting.
RESULTS: miR-145 expression was significantly downregulated in colon cancer tissues, with its expression in normal colonic tissues being 4-5-fold higher (two sample t test, P < 0.05), whereas N-ras expression showed the opposite trend. miR-145 expression in SW620 cells was downregulated, which was significantly lower compared to that in colonic epithelial cells (two sample t test, P < 0.05). miR-145 vector and control were successfully packaged; expression of miR-145 in SW620 cells transduced with miR-145 was 8.2-fold of that in control cells (two sample t test, P < 0.05). The proliferation of miR-145-transduced SW620 cells was significantly decreased compared to control cells (two sample t test, P < 0.05). At 48 h in the wound healing experiment, the migration indexes and controls were (97.27% ± 9.25%) and (70.22% ± 6.53%), respectively (two sample t test, P < 0.05). N-ras expression in miR-145-tranduced SW620 cells was significantly lower than others (one-way analysis of variance, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: miR-145 is important in inhibiting colon cancer cell proliferation and migration. This is a good foundation for development of colon cancer therapy by targeting tumor suppressor miR-145.
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Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Mytar B, Szatanek R, Surmiak M, Węglarczyk K, Baran J, Siedlar M. Colorectal cancer-derived microvesicles modulate differentiation of human monocytes to macrophages. J Transl Med 2016; 14:36. [PMID: 26838097 PMCID: PMC4736475 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour-derived microvesicles (TMVs) are important players in tumour progression, modulating biological activity of immune cells e.g. lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. This phenomenon is particularly interesting in the progression of colon cancer, as macrophages in this type of tumour are relevant for the recovery processes. In the present study, the role of colon cancer cell-derived microvesicles in monocyte differentiation and activity profile (polarization) was investigated. METHODS Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were differentiated in vitro in the presence of TMVs obtained from colon cancer: Caco-2, SW620, LoVo or SW480 cell lines and analysed according to their morphology and biological functions, as defined by cytokine secretion, reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production and cytotoxic activity against respective colon cancer cells. RESULTS Monocytes differentiated with TMVs exhibited morphological and phenotypical characteristics of macrophages. An early contact (beginning with the first day of the in vitro culture) of monocytes with TMVs resulted in increased IL-10 secretion and only slightly elevated TNF release. Early, or prolonged contact resulted in low ROI production and low cytotoxicity against tumour cells. On the other hand, late contact of MDM with TMVs, stimulated MDM to significant TNF and IL-12 secretion, ROI production and enhanced cytotoxicity against tumour cells in vitro. In addition, differences in MDM response to TMVs from different cell lines were observed (according to cytokine secretion, ROI production and cytotoxicity against tumour cells in vitro). Biological activity, STATs phosphorylation and microRNA profiling of MDMs indicated differences in their polarization/activation status which may suggest mixed polarization type M1/M2 with the predominance of proinflammatory cells after late contact with TMVs. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage activity (polarization status) may be regulated by contact with not only tumour cells but also with TMVs. Their final polarization status depends on the contact time, and probably on the vesicle "cargo", as signified by the distinct impact of TMVs which enabled the switching of MDM maturation to regulatory macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Baj-Krzyworzeka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Peadiatrics, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 265 Wielicka str., 30-663, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Bożenna Mytar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Peadiatrics, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 265 Wielicka str., 30-663, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Rafał Szatanek
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Peadiatrics, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 265 Wielicka str., 30-663, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- Division of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Kazimierz Węglarczyk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Peadiatrics, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 265 Wielicka str., 30-663, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Jarek Baran
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Peadiatrics, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 265 Wielicka str., 30-663, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Peadiatrics, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 265 Wielicka str., 30-663, Cracow, Poland.
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Chamberland JP, Moon HS. Down-regulation of malignant potential by alpha linolenic acid in human and mouse colon cancer cells. Fam Cancer 2015; 14:25-30. [PMID: 25336096 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-014-9762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (also called ω-3 fatty acis or n-3 fatty acid) are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with a double bond (C=C) at the third carbon atom from the end of the carbon chain. Numerous test tube and animal studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids may prevent or inhibit the growth of cancers, suggesting that omega-3 fatty acids are important in cancer physiology. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is one of an essential omega-3 fatty acid and organic compound found in seeds (chia and flaxseed), nuts (notably walnuts), and many common vegetable oils. ALA has also been shown to down-regulate cell proliferation of prostate, breast, and bladder cancer cells. However, direct evidence that ALA suppresses to the development of colon cancer has not been studied. Also, no previous studies have evaluated whether ALA may regulate malignant potential (adhesion, invasion and colony formation) in colon cancer cells. In order to address the questions above, we conducted in vitro studies and evaluated whether ALA may down-regulate malignant potential in human (HT29 and HCT116) and mouse (MCA38) colon cancer cell lines. We observed that treatment with 1-5 mM of ALA inhibits cell proliferation, adhesion and invasion in both human and mouse colon cancer cell lines. Interestingly, we observed that ALA did not decrease total colony numbers when compared to control. By contrast, we found that size of colony was significantly changed by ALA treatment when compared to control in all colon cancer cell lines. We suggest that our data enhance our current knowledge of ALA's mechanism and provide crucial information to further the development of new therapies for the management or chemoprevention of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Chamberland
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Modern stem cell therapy: approach to disease. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2015; 127 Suppl 5:S199-203. [PMID: 26659705 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-015-0903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various types of stem cells exist, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Considering the current available evidence, important preclinical and clinical studies regarding the therapeutic potential of stem cells, stem cell therapy might be the important strategy for tissue repair. The development of stem cell therapy for tissue repair has primarily relied on stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells. Multilineage differentiation into all of the described cells are considered as important candidates for a range of diseases like neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal cancer and genetic defects, as well as for acute and chronic wounds healing and pharmaceutical treatment. We review the properties and multipotency of stem cells and their differentiation potential, once cultured under specific growth conditions, for use in cell-based therapies and functional tissue replacement.
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40
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Zhao LC, Li J, Liao K, Luo N, Shi QQ, Feng ZQ, Chen DL. Evodiamine Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Migration of HCT-116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27411-21. [PMID: 26580615 PMCID: PMC4661889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine (EVO) exhibits strong anti-cancer effects. However, the effect of EVO on the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116 has not been explored in detail, and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, cell viability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry, and morphological changes in the nucleus were examined by fluorescence microscopy and Hoechst staining. Cell motility was detected by Transwell assay. ELISA was used to assess the protein levels of autocrine motility factor (AMF) in the cell supernatant, and protein expression was determined by Western blotting. Our results showed that EVO inhibited the proliferation of HCT-116 cells, caused accumulation of cells in S and G2/M phases, and reduced the levels of the secreted form of AMF. The protein levels of tumor suppressor protein (p53), Bcl-2 Associated X protein (Bax), B cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) were altered in cells treated with EVO. Taken together, our results suggest that EVO modulates the activity of the p53 signaling pathway to induce apoptosis and downregulate MMP3 expression by inactivating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway through the downregulation of PGI to inhibit migration of HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv-Cui Zhao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Drug Engineering Research Center of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ke Liao
- Department of Respiration, Cheng Du Tumor Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Nian Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qing-Qiang Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zi-Qiang Feng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Di-Long Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Wu Y, Yang L, Zhao J, Li C, Nie J, Liu F, Zhuo C, Zheng Y, Li B, Wang Z, Xu Y. Nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:191. [PMID: 26552600 PMCID: PMC4640217 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High expression of the long non-coding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in whole blood has been reported in colorectal cancer patients; however, its' clinical significance and origin are unclear. We evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value, and origin of whole blood NEAT1 in colorectal cancer. METHODS Expression of NEAT1 variants, NEAT1_v1 and NEAT1_v2 were determined using real-time quantitative PCR. The diagnostic value of whole blood NEAT1 expression was evaluated in test (n = 60) and validation (n = 200) cohorts of colorectal cancer patients and normal controls (NCs). To identify the origin of NEAT1, its expression was analyzed in blood, matched primary tumor tissues, para-tumor tissues, metastatic tissues, and also immune cells from patients or NCs. Function of NEAT1 in colorectal cell lines was also assessed. The correlation of NEAT1 expression with clinical outcomes was assessed in 191 patients. RESULTS Whole blood NEAT1 expression was significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients than in NCs. NEAT1_v1 and NEAT1_v2 expression were highly accurate in distinguishing colorectal cancer patients from NCs (area under the curve: 0.787 and 0.871, respectively). Knockdown of NEAT1_v1 in vitro could inhibit cell invasion and proliferation, while knockdown of NEAT1_v2 promoted cell growth. However, whole blood expression was not correlated with matched tissues. An elevated expression was seen in neutrophils from CRC patients. Furthermore, high expression of NEAT1_v1 was correlated with worse overall survival. In contrast, high expression of NEAT1_v2 alone was correlated with better overall survival. CONCLUSION Whole blood NEAT1 expression is a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of overall survival in colorectal cancer. Elevated NEAT1 may derive from neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong-an Road, Shanghai, 20032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong-an Road, Shanghai, 20032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong-an Road, Shanghai, 20032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong-an Road, Shanghai, 20032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yue-yang Road, Shanghai, 20031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangqi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong-an Road, Shanghai, 20032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changhua Zhuo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 420 Fu-ma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaxin Zheng
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 225 Chang-hai Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yue-yang Road, Shanghai, 20031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute (SITI), No. 250 Bi-bo Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong-an Road, Shanghai, 20032, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Currently, the backbone of therapy for metastatic disease is cytotoxic chemotherapy, along with the recent addition of targeted therapy based on molecular markers with KRAS testing. Despite the improvement in survival for metastatic colon cancer, newer agents are still needed. The clinical activity of TroVax in metastatic colon cancer has been studied in a small number of clinical trials. There is evidence that supports the vaccine's ability to induce humoral and cellular responses, as demonstrated by positive 5T4 and MVA-specific antibody titers and cellular proliferation assays. Future strategies should focus on investigating the immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy in conjunction with TroVax, understanding the optimal dosing and schedule of the combination, and examining potential predictive biomarkers to determine which patients may benefit from immunotherapy from those who do not.
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Key Words
- 5T4-antigen
- ADCC, Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- CEA, Carcinoembryonic antigen
- CRC, Colorectal cancer
- DT, Doubling time
- EBNA-1, Epstein Barr-Virus nuclear antigen-1
- EGFR, Epidermal growth factor receptor
- HRPC, Hormone refractory prostate cancer
- IHC, Immunohistochemoical
- ITT, Intention to treat
- LMP-2, Latent membrane protein-2 antigens
- MSKCC, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
- MVAs, Modified vaccinia Ankara
- NSCLC, Non-small cell lung cancer
- OS, Overall survival
- PD-1, Programmed death 1 receptor
- PD-L1, Programmed-death ligand 1
- PFS, Progression free survival
- PMNs, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- RCC, Renal cell carcinoma
- T-FOLFIRI, Trovax and FOLFIRI
- T-FOLFOX, Trovax and FOLFOX
- TAAs, Tumor-associated antigens
- TILs, Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
- TTP, Time to progression
- TroVax
- VEGF, Vascular-endothelial growth factor
- immunotherapy
- mCRC, Metastatic colon cancer
- mRCC, Metastatic renal cell carcinoma
- metastatic colon cancer
- modified vaccinia Ankara
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rowe
- a Division of Oncology; Department of Internal Medicine ; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and Memorial Hermann Cancer Center ; Houston , TX USA
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Zhang SY, Lin M, Zhang HB. Diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen and carcinoma antigen 19-9 for colorectal carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:9404-9409. [PMID: 26464695 PMCID: PMC4583927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with the tumor markers Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), in addition to investigating whether CA 19-9 can be used to screen the disease process in patients with CRC who had no elevation of CEA levels. METHODS Serum levels of CEA and CA 19-9 were measured in: 138 patients with CRC; 111 patients with benign colorectal diseases. The diagnostic value was performed using the logistic regression equation and receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). RESULTS The serum levels of CEA and CA 19-9 in the patients with CRC were significantly higher than those in the patients with benign colorectal diseases (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) in the patients with CRC versus those with benign colorectal disease yielded the optimal cut-off value of 3.36 ng/ml for CEA and 23.9 U/ml for CA 19-9, respectively. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.789 for CEA, 0.690 for CA 19-9 and 0.900 for the combination of the two tumor markers. The combination resulted in a higher Youden index and a sensitivity of 85.3%. CONCLUSION The combined detection of serum CEA and CA 19-9 could play a pivotal role in the diagnosis of CRC, and could drastically improve the sensitivity for the diagnosis of CRC. CA 19-9 might be a tumor biomarker in addition to CEA for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuding 355200, Fujian, China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuding 355200, Fujian, China
| | - Hui-Bing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuding 355200, Fujian, China
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Stage-dependent changes of preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9319-25. [PMID: 26104767 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the association of the preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with tumor stage in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. A retrospective study was performed in 336 CRC patients. Preoperative whole blood counts, serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and clinicopathologic data were collected. The correlations between laboratory parameters and the tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stages were analyzed. The clinicopathologic TNM stages among CRC patients were 12.8 % at stage I, 32.4 % at stage II, 44.6 % at stage III, and 10.1 % at stage IV. NLR, PLR, and CEA levels were higher in CRC patients compared to healthy controls (all P < 0.0001). Both NLR and PLR showed an early elevation as compared to CEA, with a higher area under curve (AUC) value (0.71 vs. 0.62) in predicting the presence of the tumor with stage I/II. Accordingly, significant elevations of NLR (P = 0.0018) and PLR (P < 0.0001) were firstly detected in stage I and stage II, respectively. In addition, NLR exhibited a second phase elevation in stage IV, with a significant higher level in M1 subgroup compared to M0 subgroup (P = 0.022). While PLR showed a T stage-dependent increase (P = 0.0003) and was identified as an independent factor for the T grade development (P < 0.0001). Our data indicated that both neutrophil- and platelet-mediated inflammatory reactions are predominantly involved in the different stages of CRC development. Determination of pretreatment levels of NLR and PLR might provide useful information for the early diagnosis or the therapeutic choices in CRC patients.
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Ge J, Chen Z, Li R, Lu T, Xiao G. Upregulation of microRNA-196a and microRNA-196b cooperatively correlate with aggressive progression and unfavorable prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:128. [PMID: 25525411 PMCID: PMC4269845 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both microRNA (miR)-196a and miR-196b are implicated in normal cell differentiation, proliferation, and in tumorigenesis of various cancer types. Especially, miR-196a exerts a pro-oncogenic influence in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and miR-196b expression is upregulated in CRC tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of miR-196a and miR-196b dysregulation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with CRC. METHODS Quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression levels of miR-196a and miR-196b in 126 pairs of fresh tumor samples matched with adjacent colorectal mucosa obtained from 126 patients with CRC. RESULTS miR-196a and miR-196b expression levels in CRC tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent colorectal mucosa (both P < 0.002). Interestingly, the expression levels of miR-196a in CRC tissues were positively correlated with those of miR-196b. Then, high miR-196a expression and high miR-196b expression, alone or in combination, were all statistically linked to the presence of lymph node metastasis, the poor differentiation grade, and the advanced TNM stage of CRC. Moreover, overall and disease-free survivals of CRC patients with high miR-196a expression, high miR-196b expression and miR-196a-high/miR-196b-high expression tended to be shorter than the corresponding control groups (log-rank statistic, all P < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated miR-196a and/or miR-196b expression as independent prognostic indicators for CRC patients (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both miR-196a and miR-196b may be correlated with aggressive progression and unfavorable clinical outcome in CRC patients. Combined expression of miR-196a and miR-196b may be a promising biomarker in identifying a poor prognosis group of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 China
| | - Zihua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 China
| | - Ruixing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 China
| | - Tailiang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 China
| | - Guangfa Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 China
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