1
|
Hijazi G, Paschall A, Young SP, Smith B, Case LE, Boggs T, Amarasekara S, Austin SL, Pendyal S, El-Gharbawy A, Deak KL, Muir AJ, Kishnani PS. A retrospective longitudinal study and comprehensive review of adult patients with glycogen storage disease type III. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 29:100821. [PMID: 34820282 PMCID: PMC8600151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A deficiency of glycogen debrancher enzyme in patients with glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III) manifests with hepatic, cardiac, and muscle involvement in the most common subtype (type a), or with only hepatic involvement in patients with GSD IIIb. Objective and methods To describe longitudinal biochemical, radiological, muscle strength and ambulation, liver histopathological findings, and clinical outcomes in adults (≥18 years) with glycogen storage disease type III, by a retrospective review of medical records. Results Twenty-one adults with GSD IIIa (14 F & 7 M) and four with GSD IIIb (1 F & 3 M) were included in this natural history study. At the most recent visit, the median (range) age and follow-up time were 36 (19–68) and 16 years (0–41), respectively. For the entire cohort: 40% had documented hypoglycemic episodes in adulthood; hepatomegaly and cirrhosis were the most common radiological findings; and 28% developed decompensated liver disease and portal hypertension, the latter being more prevalent in older patients. In the GSD IIIa group, muscle weakness was a major feature, noted in 89% of the GSD IIIa cohort, a third of whom depended on a wheelchair or an assistive walking device. Older individuals tended to show more severe muscle weakness and mobility limitations, compared with younger adults. Asymptomatic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was the most common cardiac manifestation, present in 43%. Symptomatic cardiomyopathy and reduced ejection fraction was evident in 10%. Finally, a urinary biomarker of glycogen storage (Glc4) was significantly associated with AST, ALT and CK. Conclusion GSD III is a multisystem disorder in which a multidisciplinary approach with regular clinical, biochemical, radiological and functional (physical therapy assessment) follow-up is required. Despite dietary modification, hepatic and myopathic disease progression is evident in adults, with muscle weakness as the major cause of morbidity. Consequently, definitive therapies that address the underlying cause of the disease to correct both liver and muscle are needed.
Collapse
Key Words
- AFP, Alpha-fetoprotein
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- BG, Blood glucose
- BMI, Body mass index
- CEA, Carcinoembryonic antigen
- CPK, Creatine phosphokinase
- CT scan, Computerized tomography scan
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cirrhosis
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- GDE, Glycogen debrancher enzyme
- GGT, Gamma glutamyl transferase
- GSD, Glycogen storage disease
- Glc4, Glucose tetrasaccharide
- Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III)
- HDL, High density lipoprotein
- Hypoglycemia
- LDL, Low density lipoproteins
- LT, liver transplantation.
- Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)
- MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging
- TGs, Triglycerides
- US, Ultrasound
- and myopathy
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Hijazi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anna Paschall
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah P Young
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian Smith
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laura E Case
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tracy Boggs
- Duke University Health System, Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, USA
| | | | - Stephanie L Austin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Surekha Pendyal
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Areeg El-Gharbawy
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kristen L Deak
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew J Muir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Priya S Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Albaradei S, Thafar M, Alsaedi A, Van Neste C, Gojobori T, Essack M, Gao X. Machine learning and deep learning methods that use omics data for metastasis prediction. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5008-5018. [PMID: 34589181 PMCID: PMC8450182 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowing metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths, incentivized research directed towards unraveling the complex cellular processes that drive the metastasis. Advancement in technology and specifically the advent of high-throughput sequencing provides knowledge of such processes. This knowledge led to the development of therapeutic and clinical applications, and is now being used to predict the onset of metastasis to improve diagnostics and disease therapies. In this regard, predicting metastasis onset has also been explored using artificial intelligence approaches that are machine learning, and more recently, deep learning-based. This review summarizes the different machine learning and deep learning-based metastasis prediction methods developed to date. We also detail the different types of molecular data used to build the models and the critical signatures derived from the different methods. We further highlight the challenges associated with using machine learning and deep learning methods, and provide suggestions to improve the predictive performance of such methods.
Collapse
Key Words
- AE, autoencoder
- ANN, Artificial Neural Network
- AUC, area under the curve
- Acc, Accuracy
- Artificial intelligence
- BC, Betweenness centrality
- BH, Benjamini-Hochberg
- BioGRID, Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets
- CCP, compound covariate predictor
- CEA, Carcinoembryonic antigen
- CNN, convolution neural networks
- CV, cross-validation
- Cancer
- DBN, deep belief network
- DDBN, discriminative deep belief network
- DEGs, differentially expressed genes
- DIP, Database of Interacting Proteins
- DNN, Deep neural network
- DT, Decision Tree
- Deep learning
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- FC, fully connected
- GA, Genetic Algorithm
- GANs, generative adversarial networks
- GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HPRD, Human Protein Reference Database
- KNN, K-nearest neighbor
- L-SVM, linear SVM
- LIMMA, linear models for microarray data
- LOOCV, Leave-one-out cross-validation
- LR, Logistic Regression
- MCCV, Monte Carlo cross-validation
- MLP, multilayer perceptron
- Machine learning
- Metastasis
- NPV, negative predictive value
- PCA, Principal component analysis
- PPI, protein-protein interaction
- PPV, positive predictive value
- RC, ridge classifier
- RF, Random Forest
- RFE, recursive feature elimination
- RMA, robust multi‐array average
- RNN, recurrent neural networks
- SGD, stochastic gradient descent
- SMOTE, synthetic minority over-sampling technique
- SVM, Support Vector Machine
- Se, sensitivity
- Sp, specificity
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- k-CV, k-fold cross validation
- mRMR, minimum redundancy maximum relevance
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayah Albaradei
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Thafar
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Taif University, Collage of Computers and Information Technology, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Alsaedi
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christophe Van Neste
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yadav RK, Jiang X, Chen J. Differentiating benign from malignant pancreatic cysts on computed tomography. Eur J Radiol Open 2020; 7:100278. [PMID: 33163586 PMCID: PMC7607418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2020.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CT can distinguish between benign and premalignant or malignant pancreatic cysts. Solid component and septation were the only CT features that could differentiate benign from malignant cysts. Cyst wall enhancements on CT were more commonly observed in premalignant or malignant cysts than in benign cysts. CT is a necessary diagnostic modality to preoperatively detect and characterize pancreatic lesions.
Purpose It is important to identify features on computed tomography (CT) that can distinguish between benign and premalignant or malignant pancreatic cysts to avoid unnecessary surgeries. This study investigated the preoperative diagnostic evaluation of cystic pancreatic lesions to determine how advanced imaging and clinical factors should guide management. Methods In total, 53 patients with 27 benign and 26 premalignant or malignant cysts were enrolled. CT features of the cysts were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results On univariate analysis, a solid component (p < 0.01), septation (p < 0.01), location (p < 0.01), border (p < 0.01), wall enhancement (p = 0.01), lesion margins (p < 0.01), pancreatic atrophy (p = 0.04), and a cystic wall (p < 0.01) were all significantly different between benign and premalignant or malignant cysts. On multivariate analysis, only a solid component (p < 0.01) and septation (p < 0.01) were significant. Conclusion A thin cystic wall, uniform homogeneity, a clear border, the presence of septation, pancreatic atrophy, and the absence of both wall enhancements and solid components were more frequently seen in benign cysts. A thick wall, lack of homogeneity, the presence of wall enhancements and solid components, absence of septation, only a small degree of pancreatic atrophy, and unclear borders were more frequent among premalignant or malignant cysts. The only CT features to differentiate benign from premalignant or malignant cysts were a solid component and septation.
Collapse
Key Words
- CEA, Carcinoembryonic antigen
- CPR, Curved planar reformation
- CTA, CT angiography
- DWI, Diffusion-weighted imaging
- ERCP, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
- FDG PET, Fluorodeoxyglucose PET
- FNA, Fine-needle aspiration
- HASTE, Half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo
- IPMN, Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia
- MCA, Mucinous cystadenoma
- MCB, Mucinous cystic borderline tumor
- MCC, Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
- MCN, Mucinous cystic neoplasm
- MPD, Main pancreatic duct
- MPR, Multi-planar reformation
- MRA, MR angiography
- MRCP, MR cholangiopancreatography
- MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging
- MSCT, Multi-slice helical computed tomography
- PACS, Picture archiving and communicating system
- PCN, Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas
- PDAC, Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- PET, Positron emission computed tomography
- Pancreatic cystic lesions
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- Pancreatic neoplasm
- ROI, Region of interest
- SCA, Serous cystadenoma
- SMA, Serous microcystic adenoma
- US, Ultrasonography
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Yadav
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Corresponding author: Current Address: Novus Health Wellness, 4808 Munson St NW, OH 44718 USA.
| | - Xinhua Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gargi K, Parikshaa G, Saha PK, Rohit M, Madhumita P, Rajvanshi A. Bilateral Adnexal Masses in a Young Female: Rare Presentation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Review of the Literature. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 10:636-40. [PMID: 33311899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovaries are a common niche for metastasis. Metastatic malignancies account for 5-30% of all ovarian malignancies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the rare malignancies to metastasize to the ovaries. Of all the variants of HCC, fibrolamellar HCC (FLHCC) variant is extremely uncommon and accounts for around 1% of all HCC cases. FLHCC metastasizing to ovaries, at presentation, is an exceptional occurrence. We present a case of a young female who presented with bilateral adnexal masses and was diagnosed as metastatic FLHCC on histopathological examination and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, a thorough literature review highlighting the previously reported cases is also presented.
Collapse
Key Words
- AFP, Alpha-fetoprotein
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- CA-125, Cancer antigen-125
- CA19-9, Cancer antigen 19-9
- CD68, Cluster differentiation 68
- CEA, Carcinoembryonic antigen
- CK19, Cytokeratin 19
- CK7, Cytokeratin-7
- CT, Computerized tomography
- FLHCC, Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma
- HBsAg, Hepatitis B surface antigen
- HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, Hepatitis C virus
- HIV, Human Immunodeficiency virus
- HepPar-1, Hepatocyte paraffin antigen-1
- Krukenberg tumor
- PAX8, Paired box gene 8
- fibrolamellar carcinoma
- fibrolamellar variant
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- ovarian metastasis
Collapse
|
5
|
Shimomura I, Miki Y, Suzuki E, Katsumata M, Hashimoto D, Arai Y, Otsuki Y, Nakamura H. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with metachronous involvement of the palpebral conjunctiva and bronchus: A case report. Respir Med Case Rep 2018; 26:101-104. [PMID: 30581726 PMCID: PMC6290381 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A 61-year-old woman with a history of palpebral conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, treated with rituximab, was referred to the authors' hospital after follow-up positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake in a tumor located in the left main bronchus. The diagnosis of MALT lymphoma was made by pathological and immunohistochemical findings homologous to previous palpebral conjunctival lesion via bronchoscopic biopsy. The disease was controlled with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, oncovin, and prednisolone (i.e., R-COP) chemotherapy. Although MALT lymphoma occurs in several organs, metachronous occurrence in the palpebral conjunctiva and bronchus is especially rare, and careful check-up is required to monitor for occurrence of systemic relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Shimomura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 430-0906 2-12-12, Sumiyoshi Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 260-8670 1-8-1, Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 430-0906 2-12-12, Sumiyoshi Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Eiko Suzuki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 430-0906 2-12-12, Sumiyoshi Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mineo Katsumata
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 430-0906 2-12-12, Sumiyoshi Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Dai Hashimoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 430-0906 2-12-12, Sumiyoshi Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Arai
- Department of Pathology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 430-0906 2-12-12, Sumiyoshi Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Otsuki
- Department of Pathology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 430-0906 2-12-12, Sumiyoshi Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Nakamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 430-0906 2-12-12, Sumiyoshi Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Currently, the backbone of therapy for metastatic disease is cytotoxic chemotherapy, along with the recent addition of targeted therapy based on molecular markers with KRAS testing. Despite the improvement in survival for metastatic colon cancer, newer agents are still needed. The clinical activity of TroVax in metastatic colon cancer has been studied in a small number of clinical trials. There is evidence that supports the vaccine's ability to induce humoral and cellular responses, as demonstrated by positive 5T4 and MVA-specific antibody titers and cellular proliferation assays. Future strategies should focus on investigating the immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy in conjunction with TroVax, understanding the optimal dosing and schedule of the combination, and examining potential predictive biomarkers to determine which patients may benefit from immunotherapy from those who do not.
Collapse
Key Words
- 5T4-antigen
- ADCC, Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- CEA, Carcinoembryonic antigen
- CRC, Colorectal cancer
- DT, Doubling time
- EBNA-1, Epstein Barr-Virus nuclear antigen-1
- EGFR, Epidermal growth factor receptor
- HRPC, Hormone refractory prostate cancer
- IHC, Immunohistochemoical
- ITT, Intention to treat
- LMP-2, Latent membrane protein-2 antigens
- MSKCC, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
- MVAs, Modified vaccinia Ankara
- NSCLC, Non-small cell lung cancer
- OS, Overall survival
- PD-1, Programmed death 1 receptor
- PD-L1, Programmed-death ligand 1
- PFS, Progression free survival
- PMNs, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- RCC, Renal cell carcinoma
- T-FOLFIRI, Trovax and FOLFIRI
- T-FOLFOX, Trovax and FOLFOX
- TAAs, Tumor-associated antigens
- TILs, Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
- TTP, Time to progression
- TroVax
- VEGF, Vascular-endothelial growth factor
- immunotherapy
- mCRC, Metastatic colon cancer
- mRCC, Metastatic renal cell carcinoma
- metastatic colon cancer
- modified vaccinia Ankara
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rowe
- a Division of Oncology; Department of Internal Medicine ; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and Memorial Hermann Cancer Center ; Houston , TX USA
| | | |
Collapse
|