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Acosta LH, Pino MTL, Rocca MV, Cabilla JP. Soluble guanylyl cyclase beta1 subunit targets epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and downregulates Akt pathway in human endometrial and cervical cancer cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23927. [PMID: 38205317 PMCID: PMC10777080 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial and cervical cancer are among the most frequently diagnosed malignancies globally. Nitric oxide receptor-soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is a heterodimeric enzyme composed of two subunits, α1 and β1. Previously we showed that sGCα1 subunit promotes cell survival, proliferation, and migration, but the role of sGCβ1 subunit has not been addressed. The aim of the present work was to study the impact of sGCβ1 restoration in proliferation, survival, migration, and cell signaling in endometrial and cervical cancer cells. We found that sGCβ1 transcript levels are reduced in endometrial and cervical tumors vs normal tissues. We confirmed nuclear enrichment of sGCβ1, unlike sGCα1. Overexpression of sGCβ1 reduced cell viability and augmented apoptotic index. Cell migration and invasion were also negatively affected. All these sGCβ1-driven effects were independent of sGC enzymatic activity. sGCβ1 reduced the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition factors such as N-cadherin and β-catenin and increased the expression of E-cadherin. sGCβ1 impacted signaling in endometrial and cervical cancer cells through significant downregulation of Akt pathway affecting some of its main targets such as GSK-3β and c-Raf. Our results show for the first time that sGCβ1 exerts several antiproliferative actions in ECC-1 and HeLa cell lines by targeting key regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas H. Acosta
- CONICET-Universidad Abierta Interamericana. Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Teresa L. Pino
- CONICET-Universidad Abierta Interamericana. Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Rocca
- CONICET-Universidad Abierta Interamericana. Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena P. Cabilla
- CONICET-Universidad Abierta Interamericana. Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud. Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wang Y, Chen S, Wang C, Guo F. Nanocarrier-based targeting of metabolic pathways for endometrial cancer: Status and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115348. [PMID: 37639743 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second-most lethal global disease, as per health reports, and is responsible for around 70% of deaths in low- and middle-income countries. Endometrial cancer is one of the emerging malignancies and has been predicted as a public health challenge for the future. Insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes mellitus are the key metabolic factors that promote risks for the development of endometrial cancer. Various signaling pathways and associated genes are involved in the genesis of endometrial cancer, and any mutation or deletion in such related factors leads to the induction of endometrial cancer. The conventional way of drug delivery has been used for ages but is associated with poor management of cancer due to non-targeting of the endometrial cancer cells, low efficacy of the therapy, and toxicity issues as well. In this context, nanocarrier-based therapy for the management of endometrial cancer is an effective alternate choice that overcomes the problems associated with conventional therapy. In this review article, we highlighted the nanocarrier-based targeting of endometrial cancer, with a special focus on targeting various metabolic signaling pathways. Furthermore, the future perspectives of nanocarrier-based targeting of metabolic pathways in endometrial cancer were also underpinned. It is concluded that targeting metabolic signaling pathways in endometrial cancer via nanocarrier scaffolds is the future of pharmaceutical design for the significant management and treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Siyao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Medical Affairs Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Fengjun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
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3
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Capaci V, Arrigoni G, Monasta L, Aloisio M, Rocca G, Di Lorenzo G, Licastro D, Romano F, Ricci G, Ura B. Phospho-DIGE Identified Phosphoproteins Involved in Pathways Related to Tumour Growth in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11987. [PMID: 37569364 PMCID: PMC10419128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy of the endometrium. This study focuses on EC and normal endometrium phosphoproteome to identify differentially phosphorylated proteins involved in tumorigenic signalling pathways which induce cancer growth. We obtained tissue samples from 8 types I EC at tumour stage 1 and 8 normal endometria. We analyzed the phosphoproteome by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), combined with immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and mass spectrometry for protein and phosphopeptide identification. Quantities of 34 phosphoproteins enriched by the IMAC approach were significantly different in the EC compared to the endometrium. Validation using Western blotting analysis on 13 patients with type I EC at tumour stage 1 and 13 endometria samples confirmed the altered abundance of HBB, CKB, LDHB, and HSPB1. Three EC samples were used for in-depth identification of phosphoproteins by LC-MS/MS analysis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed several tumorigenic signalling pathways. Our study highlights the involvement of the phosphoproteome in EC tumour growth. Further studies are needed to understand the role of phosphorylation in EC. Our data shed light on mechanisms that still need to be ascertained but could open the path to a new class of drugs that could hinder EC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Capaci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (V.C.); (M.A.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (B.U.)
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.)
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (V.C.); (M.A.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (B.U.)
| | - Michelangelo Aloisio
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (V.C.); (M.A.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (B.U.)
| | - Giulia Rocca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.)
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Lorenzo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (V.C.); (M.A.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (B.U.)
| | | | - Federico Romano
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (V.C.); (M.A.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (B.U.)
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (V.C.); (M.A.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (B.U.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Blendi Ura
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (V.C.); (M.A.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (G.R.); (B.U.)
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4
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Liu Y, Gusev A, Kraft P. Germline Cancer Gene Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Are Associated with Local and Global Tumor Mutations. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1191-1202. [PMID: 36745477 PMCID: PMC10106413 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations drive cancer development and are relevant to patient responses to treatment. Emerging evidence shows that variations in the somatic genome can be influenced by the germline genetic background. However, the mechanisms underlying these germline-somatic associations remain largely obscure. We hypothesized that germline variants can influence somatic mutations in a nearby cancer gene ("local impact") or a set of recurrently mutated cancer genes across the genome ("global impact") through their regulatory effect on gene expression. To test this hypothesis, tumor targeted sequencing data from 12,413 patients across 11 cancer types in the Dana-Farber Profile cohort were integrated with germline cancer gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) from the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project. Variants that upregulate ATM expression were associated with a decreased risk of somatic ATM mutations across 8 cancer types. GLI2, WRN, and CBFB eQTL were associated with global tumor mutational burden of cancer genes in ovarian cancer, glioma, and esophagogastric carcinoma, respectively. An EPHA5 eQTL was associated with mutations in cancer genes specific to colorectal cancer, and eQTL related to expression of APC, WRN, GLI1, FANCA, and TP53 were associated with mutations in genes specific to endometrial cancer. These findings provide evidence that germline-somatic associations are mediated through expression of specific cancer genes, opening new avenues for research on the underlying biological processes. SIGNIFICANCE Analysis of associations between the germline genetic background and somatic mutations in patients with cancer suggests that germline variants can influence local and global tumor mutations by altering expression of cancer-related genes. See related commentary by Kar, p. 1165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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5
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Ledinek Ž, Sobočan M, Sisinger D, Hojnik M, Büdefeld T, Potočnik U, Knez J. The association of Wnt-signalling and EMT markers with clinical characteristics in women with endometrial cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1013463. [PMID: 36969079 PMCID: PMC10031053 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1013463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the developed world. Risk stratification and treatment approaches are changing due to better understanding of tumor biology. Upregulated Wnt signaling plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression with promising potential for development of specific Wnt inhibitor therapy. One of the ways in which Wnt signaling contributes to progression of cancer, is by activating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells, causing the expression of mesenchymal markers, and enabling tumor cells to dissociate and migrate. This study analyzed the expression of Wnt signaling and EMT markers in endometrial cancer. Wnt signaling and EMT markers were significantly correlated with hormone receptors status in EC, but not with other clinico-pathological characteristics. Expression of Wnt antagonist, Dkk1 was significantly different between the ESGO-ESTRO-ESP patient risk assessment categories using integrated molecular risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Živa Ledinek
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Monika Sobočan
- Divison for Gynaecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Sisinger
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Hojnik
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Büdefeld
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Potočnik
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genomics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department for Science and Research, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jure Knez
- Divison for Gynaecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Jure Knez,
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6
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Sekhoacha M, Riet K, Motloung P, Gumenku L, Adegoke A, Mashele S. Prostate Cancer Review: Genetics, Diagnosis, Treatment Options, and Alternative Approaches. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175730. [PMID: 36080493 PMCID: PMC9457814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer affects men of all racial and ethnic groups and leads to higher rates of mortality in those belonging to a lower socioeconomic status due to late detection of the disease. There is growing evidence that suggests the contribution of an individual’s genetic profile to prostate cancer. Currently used prostate cancer treatments have serious adverse effects; therefore, new research is focusing on alternative treatment options such as the use of genetic biomarkers for targeted gene therapy, nanotechnology for controlled targeted treatment, and further exploring medicinal plants for new anticancer agents. In this review, we describe the recent advances in prostate cancer research. Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the malignancies that affects men and significantly contributes to increased mortality rates in men globally. Patients affected with prostate cancer present with either a localized or advanced disease. In this review, we aim to provide a holistic overview of prostate cancer, including the diagnosis of the disease, mutations leading to the onset and progression of the disease, and treatment options. Prostate cancer diagnoses include a digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen analysis, and prostate biopsies. Mutations in certain genes are linked to the onset, progression, and metastasis of the cancer. Treatment for localized prostate cancer encompasses active surveillance, ablative radiotherapy, and radical prostatectomy. Men who relapse or present metastatic prostate cancer receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), salvage radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Currently, available treatment options are more effective when used as combination therapy; however, despite available treatment options, prostate cancer remains to be incurable. There has been ongoing research on finding and identifying other treatment approaches such as the use of traditional medicine, the application of nanotechnologies, and gene therapy to combat prostate cancer, drug resistance, as well as to reduce the adverse effects that come with current treatment options. In this article, we summarize the genes involved in prostate cancer, available treatment options, and current research on alternative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamello Sekhoacha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Keamogetswe Riet
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Paballo Motloung
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Lemohang Gumenku
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Ayodeji Adegoke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Samson Mashele
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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7
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Singla RK, Behzad S, Khan J, Tsagkaris C, Gautam RK, Goyal R, Chopra H, Shen B. Natural Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment and Management of Endometrial/Uterine Cancer: Preclinical to Clinical Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:801733. [PMID: 35264951 PMCID: PMC8899191 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.801733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer among women. Kinases, enzymes mediating the transfer of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in several signaling pathways, play a significant role in carcinogenesis and cancer cells’ survival and proliferation. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are involved in EC pathogenesis; therefore, CDK inhibitors (CDKin) have a noteworthy therapeutic potential in this type of cancer, particularly in EC type 1. Natural compounds have been used for decades in the treatment of cancer serving as a source of anticancer bioactive molecules. Many phenolic and non-phenolic natural compounds covering flavonoids, stilbenoids, coumarins, biphenyl compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenes, and terpenoids have shown moderate to high effectiveness against CDKin-mediated carcinogenic signaling pathways (PI3K, ERK1/2, Akt, ATM, mTOR, TP53). Pharmaceutical regimens based on two natural compounds, trabectedin and ixabepilone, have been investigated in humans showing short and midterm efficacy as second-line treatments in phase II clinical trials. The purpose of this review is twofold: the authors first provide an overview of the involvement of kinases and kinase inhibitors in the pathogenesis and treatment of EC and then discuss the existing evidence about natural products’ derived kinase inhibitors in the management of the disease and outline relevant future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,IGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Sahar Behzad
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.,Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rupesh K Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Ambala, India
| | - Rajat Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Ambala, India
| | | | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Zheng X, Lv X, Zhu L, Xu K, Shi C, Cui L, Ding H. The Circadian Gene NPAS2 Act as a Putative Tumor Stimulative Factor for Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 13:9329-9343. [PMID: 34992456 PMCID: PMC8711112 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s343097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence indicates altered circadian rhythm represents a critical factor affecting carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The circadian gene neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) constitutes a newly discovered prognostic biomarker. NPAS2 dysregulation is found in multiple malignancies, although its functions in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) remain largely unknown. Objective To evaluate NPAS2’s roles in UCEC and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods NPAS2 transcription levels, patient prognosis, different clinical stages and target microRNAs in UCEC cases were comparatively assessed based on public databases, including UALCAN, GEPIA, TIMER, Kaplan–Meier plotter, starBase database, LinkedOmics and String. Then, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis were applied to analyze the expression of NPAS2 in UCEC tissue samples. CCK-8, clonogenic assay and flow cytometry were carried out for detecting cell viability, colony formation ability and cell apoptosis, respectively. Results NPAS2 was upregulated in tissue samples from UCEC cases compared with the corresponding control specimens. NPAS2 overexpression was associated with decreased overall (OS), disease free (DFS) and relapse free (RFS) survival in UCEC. In addition, NPAS2 overexpression was associated with clinical stage, tumor grade, estrogen receptor status, myometrial invasion in UCEC. Furthermore, NPAS2 knockdown or overexpression altered cell proliferation and apoptosis in UCEC. Moreover, NPAS2 showed significant negative correlations with miR-17-5p and miR-93-5p, and positive correlations with miR-106a-5p and miR-381-3p in UCEC. Conclusion NPAS2 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics in UCEC and promotes proliferation and colony formation while inhibiting apoptosis. Finally, NPAS2 is associated with several miRNAs in UCEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315035, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, The National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyi Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315035, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315035, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315035, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315035, People's Republic of China
| | - Lining Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315035, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqing Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315035, People's Republic of China
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De P, Aske JC, Dale A, Rojas Espaillat L, Starks D, Dey N. Addressing activation of WNT beta-catenin pathway in diverse landscape of endometrial carcinogenesis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:12168-12180. [PMID: 34956444 PMCID: PMC8661239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The WNT-beta-catenin pathway (WP) is one of the major oncogenic pathways in solid tumors. Wnt beta-catenin pathway plays a unique role in a wide range of endometrial dysfunctions, from embryo implantation failure to severe pathogenic changes like endometriosis and endometrial cancer. Although abnormal activation of the pathway has long been known to be associated with endometrial tumorigenesis, the pathway's exact mode of involvement remains to be understood. As more evidence has been presented in favor of a crucial role of the WP in solid tumors, including endometrial cancer, anti-WP drugs are currently being tested to manage the disease. Aggressive tumor cells are nurtured by the tumor microenvironment (TME). The genetic alterations within tumor cells are the primary driving force to activate the extra-tumoral micro-environment. TME (a) provides metabolic support for the proliferation of tumor cells, (b) orchestrates immune-evasion, (c) initiates mechanistic signaling for several metastasis-associated phenotypes, and (d) supports cellular events for the development of drug resistance. To get metabolic as well as immune support from the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells cross-talk with components of the TME, most critically to the cancer-associated fibroblasts. Thus it is expected that the tumor-TME cross-talk throughout the process of tumorigenesis and metastasis is one of the characteristic features of an aggressive tumor. Here we review the WP's mechanistic involvement as a common culprit (Un Colpevole Comune) in endometrial tumor cells and endometrial cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF). In this review, we have attempted to discuss the activation of the WP in the genesis and progression of endometrial cancers, including endometrial tumor biology, tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and wnt-beta catenin genetic alteration. We interrogated the available literature on the various aspects of endometrial carcinogenesis leading to the pathway's activation. We examined how genetic alterations in WP directly influence tumor cell signaling to bring out different tumor cell phenotypes, and present palpable evidence to envision a role of WP inhibitors in the future management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip De
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Cancer InstituteSioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | | | - Adam Dale
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Cancer InstituteSioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Luis Rojas Espaillat
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Avera Cancer InstituteSioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - David Starks
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Avera Cancer InstituteSioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Nandini Dey
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Cancer InstituteSioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
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10
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Karaboğa Arslan AK, Paşayeva L, Esen MA, Tugay O. Synergistic Growth Inhibitory Effects of Eryngium kotschyi Extracts with Conventional Cytotoxic Agents: Cisplatin and Doxorubicin Against Human Endometrium Cancer Cells. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:740-748. [PMID: 34445948 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210826160307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. For this reason, various studies have been carried out on its treatment and the effects of natural products on this disease. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the growth inhibitory effects of Eryngium kotschyi Boiss. ethyl acetate [EKE] and butanol [EKB] obtained from the main methanol [EKM] extract from the aerial parts on human endometrium carcinoma [RL95-2] cells and their synergistic effect with cisplatin or doxorubicin. METHODS RL95-2 cells were treated with E. kotschyi extracts either alone or in combination with cisplatin or doxorubicin. The effects on cell growth were determined using the MTT assay and real-time cell analysis xCELLigence. RESULTS The extracts demonstrated growth inhibitory activity, with a certain degree of selectivity against the RL95-2 cell line. Synergistic effects of EKE/cisplatin or doxorubicin at different concentration levels were demonstrated in RL95-2 cells. In some instances, the EKE/doxorubicin combinations resulted in antagonistic effects. The reduction level of cell viability was different and specific to each combination for the RL95-2 cell line. CONCLUSION The growth inhibitory activity of cisplatin or doxorubicin, as a single agent, may be modified by combinations of the extracts and be synergistically enhanced in some cases. A significant synergistic effect of EKE on the RL95-2 cell line with cisplatin and doxorubicin was observed. This cytotoxic effect can be investigated in terms of molecular mechanisms. This study is the first of its kind in the literature. The mechanisms involved in this interaction between chemotherapeutic drugs and plant extracts remain unclear and should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leyla Paşayeva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039. Turkey
| | - Merve Ayşe Esen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039. Turkey
| | - Osman Tugay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Selçuk University, Konya 42450. Turkey
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11
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Howard D, James D, Murphy K, Garcia-Parra J, Pan-Castillo B, Rex S, Moul A, Jones E, Bilbao-Asensio M, Michue-Seijas S, Lutchman-Singh K, Margarit L, Francis LW, Rees P, Gonzalez D, Conlan RS. Dinaciclib, a Bimodal Agent Effective against Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1135. [PMID: 33800911 PMCID: PMC7962054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the sixth most prevalent female cancer globally and although high rates of success are achieved when diagnosed at an early stage, the 5-year survival rate for cancers diagnosed at Stages II-IV is below 50%. Improving patient outcomes will necessitate the introduction of novel therapies to the clinic. Pan-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKis) have been explored as therapies for a range of cancers due to their ability to simultaneously target multiple key cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, transcription, and DNA repair. Few studies, however, have reported on their potential for the treatment of EC. Herein, we examined the effects of the pan-CDKi dinaciclib in primary cells isolated directly from tumors and EC cell lines. Dinaciclib was shown to elicit a bimodal action in EC cell lines, disrupting both cell cycle progression and phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase carboxy terminal domain, with a concomitant reduction in Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of combining dinaciclib and cisplatin was explored, with the drugs demonstrating synergy at specific doses in Type I and Type II EC cell lines. Together, these results highlight the potential of dinaciclib for use as an effective EC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Howard
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - David James
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Kate Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK; (K.M.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Jezabel Garcia-Parra
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Belen Pan-Castillo
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Stuart Rex
- Department of Pathology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK; (K.M.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Annemarie Moul
- Department of Pathology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK; (K.M.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Eilir Jones
- Department of Pathology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK; (K.M.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Marc Bilbao-Asensio
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (M.B.-A.); (S.M.-S.)
| | - Saul Michue-Seijas
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (M.B.-A.); (S.M.-S.)
| | - Kerryn Lutchman-Singh
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK;
| | - Lavinia Margarit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Princess of Wales Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Bridgend CF31 1RQ, UK;
| | - Lewis W. Francis
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Paul Rees
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK;
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - R. Steven Conlan
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
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12
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Castro L, Liu J, Yu L, Burwell AD, Saddler TO, Santiago LA, Xue W, Foley JF, Staup M, Flagler ND, Shi M, Birnbaum LS, Darlene D. Differential Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Phosphorylation in the Uterus of Rats Following Developmental Exposure to Tetrabromobisphenol A. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2021; 5. [PMID: 35071781 DOI: 10.1177/23978473211047164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant that induces endometrial adenocarcinoma and other uterine tumors in Wistar Han rats; however, early molecular events or biomarkers of TBBPA exposure remain unknown. We investigated the effects of TBBPA on growth factor receptor activation (phospho-RTK) in uteri of rats following early-life exposures. Pregnant Wistar Han rats were exposed to TBBPA (0, 0.1, 25, 250 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage on gestation day 6 through weaning of pups (PND 21). Pups were exposed in utero, through lactation, and by daily gavage from PND 22 to PND 90. Uterine horns were collected (at PND 21, PND 33, PND 90) and formalin-fixed or frozen for histologic, immunohistochemical, phospho-RTK arrays, or western blot analysis. At PND 21, the phosphor-RTKs, FGFR2, FGFR3, TRKC and EPHA1 were significantly increased at different treatment concentrations. Several phospho-RTKs were also significantly overexpressed at PND 33 which included epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3-4 (FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4), insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R), INSR, AXL, MERTK, PDGFRa and b, RET, Tyrosine Kinase with Immunoglobulin Like and EGF Like Domains 1 and 2 (TIE1; TIE2), TRKA, VEGFR2 and 3, and EPHA1 at different dose treatments. EGFR, an RTK overexpressed in endometrial cancer in women, remained significantly increased for all treatment groups at PND 90. Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 (ERBB2) and IGF1R were overexpressed at PND 33 and remained increased through PND 90, although ERBB2 was statistically significant at PND 90. The phospho-RTKs, FGFR3, AXL, DTK, HGFR, TRKC, VEGFR1 and EPHB2 and 4 were also statistically significant at PND 90 at different dose treatments. The downstream effector, phospho-MAPK44/42 was also increased in uteri of treated rats. Our findings show RTKs are dysregulated following early life TBBPA exposures and their sustained activation may contribute to TBBPA-induced uterine tumors observed in rats later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysandra Castro
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jingli Liu
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Linda Yu
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Alanna D Burwell
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Trey O Saddler
- Office of Data Science, DNTP, NIEHS, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lindsay A Santiago
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - William Xue
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Julie F Foley
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Michael Staup
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Norris D Flagler
- Cellular and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of the Intramural Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Dixon Darlene
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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13
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Krajnik A, Brazzo JA, Vaidyanathan K, Das T, Redondo-Muñoz J, Bae Y. Phosphoinositide Signaling and Mechanotransduction in Cardiovascular Biology and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:595849. [PMID: 33381504 PMCID: PMC7767973 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.595849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides, which are membrane-bound phospholipids, are critical signaling molecules located at the interface between the extracellular matrix, cell membrane, and cytoskeleton. Phosphoinositides are essential regulators of many biological and cellular processes, including but not limited to cell migration, proliferation, survival, and differentiation, as well as cytoskeletal rearrangements and actin dynamics. Over the years, a multitude of studies have uniquely implicated phosphoinositide signaling as being crucial in cardiovascular biology and a dominant force in the development of cardiovascular disease and its progression. Independently, the cellular transduction of mechanical forces or mechanotransduction in cardiovascular cells is widely accepted to be critical to their homeostasis and can drive aberrant cellular phenotypes and resultant cardiovascular disease. Given the versatility and diversity of phosphoinositide signaling in the cardiovascular system and the dominant regulation of cardiovascular cell functions by mechanotransduction, the molecular mechanistic overlap and extent to which these two major signaling modalities converge in cardiovascular cells remain unclear. In this review, we discuss and synthesize recent findings that rightfully connect phosphoinositide signaling to cellular mechanotransduction in the context of cardiovascular biology and disease, and we specifically focus on phosphatidylinositol-4,5-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-phosphate, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Throughout the review, we discuss how specific phosphoinositide subspecies have been shown to mediate biomechanically sensitive cytoskeletal remodeling in cardiovascular cells. Additionally, we discuss the direct interaction of phosphoinositides with mechanically sensitive membrane-bound ion channels in response to mechanical stimuli. Furthermore, we explore the role of phosphoinositide subspecies in association with critical downstream effectors of mechanical signaling in cardiovascular biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Krajnik
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Joseph A Brazzo
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kalyanaraman Vaidyanathan
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Tuhin Das
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Javier Redondo-Muñoz
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, Spain.,Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yongho Bae
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
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14
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Fan Q, Wang Q, Cai R, Yuan H, Xu M. The ubiquitin system: orchestrating cellular signals in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:1. [PMID: 31988639 PMCID: PMC6966813 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin system, known as a common feature in eukaryotes, participates in multiple cellular processes, such as signal transduction, cell-cycle progression, receptor trafficking and endocytosis, and even the immune response. In lung cancer, evidence has revealed that aberrant events in ubiquitin-mediated processes can cause a variety of pathological outcomes including tumorigenesis and metastasis. Likewise, ubiquitination on the core components contributing to the activity of cell signaling controls bio-signal turnover and cell final destination. Given this, inhibitors targeting the ubiquitin system have been developed for lung cancer therapies and have shown great prospects for clinical application. However, the exact biological effects and physiological role of the drugs used in lung cancer therapies are still not clearly elucidated, which might seriously impede the progress of treatment. In this work, we summarize current research advances in cell signal regulation processes mediated through the ubiquitin system during the development of lung cancer, with the hope of improving the therapeutic effects by means of aiming at efficient targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fan
- 1Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, China.,2Department of General Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- 1Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Cai
- 1Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, China.,2Department of General Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihua Yuan
- 1Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- 1Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, China
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15
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Park SA, Kim LK, Kim YT, Heo TH, Kim HJ. Long non-coding RNA steroid receptor activator promotes the progression of endometrial cancer via Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:99-115. [PMID: 31892849 PMCID: PMC6930375 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Steroid receptor activator (SRA), a long non-coding RNA, serves as a critical regulator of gynecologic cancer. The objective of this study was to determine biological function and clinical significance of SRA expression in endometrial cancer. Method: We investigated whether SRA was involved in the development of endometrial cancer via binding to eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (EIF4E-BP1) as a transcription factor to enhance Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway. Results: Expression levels of SRA were upregulated in endometrial cancer tissues compared to those in adjacent control tissues. We also found high expression of SRA in EC cells. The relationship between SRA and EIF4E-BP1 was corroborated by transfection of a luciferase reporter plasmid. In addition, SRA knockdown inhibited the expression of EIF4E-BP1 known to play a critical role in the control of protein synthesis, cell growth, and cell survival, thus promoting tumourigenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) important for cell motility and metastasis. Consistently, immunostaining and western blotting analysis showed that expression levels of β-catenin and 4EBP1 in the nucleus were significantly decreased by SRA knockdown but increased by SRA over-expression. Conclusions: These results suggest that SRA is involved in proliferation, migration, and invasion of endometrial cancer cells by increasing the expression of EIF4E-BP1 and activity of Wnt/ β-catenin signaling. These findings indicate that SRA might be a novel biomarker for predicting recurrence and prognosis. It might also serve as a promising therapeutic target in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ae Park
- Laboratory of Pharmacoimmunology, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Kyung Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacoimmunology, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwe Heo
- Laboratory of Pharmacoimmunology, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacoimmunology, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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16
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Zaczek A, Jóźwiak P, Ciesielski P, Forma E, Wójcik-Krowiranda K, Cwonda Ł, Bieńkiewicz A, Bryś M, Krześlak A. Relationship between polycomb-group protein BMI-1 and phosphatases regulating AKT phosphorylation level in endometrial cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1300-1310. [PMID: 31863623 PMCID: PMC6991679 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT pathway is frequently activated in endometrial carcinoma. BMI‐1 (B‐lymphoma Mo‐MLV insertion region 1) protein affects expression of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) in some cancers, but its significance for endometrial tumorigenesis is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between BMI‐1 and expression of factors affecting AKT (protein kinase B) phosphorylation level in endometrial cancer. The expression of proteins and mRNAs was investigated in endometrial cancer specimens and samples of non‐neoplastic endometrial tissue by Western blot and RT‐PCR, respectively. The impact of BMI‐1 down‐regulation on AKT phosphorylation and expression of genes coding for several phosphatases were studied in HEC1A cells. The results showed that BMI‐1 depletion caused increase in PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 (PH domain and leucine‐rich repeat protein phosphatases 1/2) expression and decrease in phospho‐AKT (pAKT) level. In more advanced tumours with higher metastatic potential, the expression of BMI‐1 was lower compared to tumours less advanced and without lymph node metastasis. There were significant inverse correlations between BMI‐1 and PHLPPs, especially PHLPP1 in normal endometrial samples. The inverse correlation between BMI‐1 and PHLPP1/PHLPP2 expression was observed in PTEN positive but not PTEN negative cancers. Low PHLPP2 expression in tumours predicted poorer overall survival. BMI‐1 impacts on AKT phosphorylation level in endometrial cells by regulation of PHLPP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zaczek
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Jóźwiak
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Ciesielski
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Forma
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Cwonda
- Clinical Division of Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bieńkiewicz
- Clinical Division of Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bryś
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Krześlak
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Zhou W, Wang K, Wang J, Qu J, Du G, Zhang Y. SOX17 Inhibits Tumor Metastasis Via Wnt Signaling In Endometrial Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8275-8286. [PMID: 31632077 PMCID: PMC6789416 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s220536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy with high incidence of metastasis, while the mechanism of metastasis in EC is not clear. Methods Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR assays were used to assess expression of SOX17 in paraffin-embedded tissues from EC patients and in EC cells. The migration of EC cells was assessed by wound-healing and Transwell assays as well as in an in vitro study of nude mice. In addition, the expression of specific proteins was analyzed by Western blot. Results We observed that SOX17 expression levels were relatively high in stage I EC specimens, and were significantly correlated with the epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) and β-catenin expression. Additionally, stage II EC patients whose specimens had relatively high SOX17 expression levels had better outcomes. Wound-healing and Transwell assays and in vivo murine experiments revealed that SOX17 inhibited EC cell migration. Meanwhile, SOX17 increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of β-catenin and proteins in the Wnt signaling pathway. Moreover, LiCl (β-catenin activator) enhanced the regulatory effects of SOX17 on the expression of E-cadherin, promigratory cadherin, vimentin, and proteins in the Wnt signaling pathway, while XAV93920 (β-catenin inhibitor) exerted the opposite effect. The SOX17 N-terminus was proved to be necessary for these effects. Mechanistic investigations suggested SOX17 inhibits EC cell migration by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin–epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) axis in EC cells. Conclusion We uncovered a common SOX17–β-catenin–EMT mechanism underlying EC cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiqiang Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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18
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Ghazanfari T, Asaadi Tehrani G, Maziri P. The Relationship between the Methylation of Promoter Regions of Tumor Suppressor Genes PTEN and APC with Endometrial Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2259-2265. [PMID: 31450893 PMCID: PMC6852804 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.8.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endometrial neoplasms is one of the most typical gynecologic diseases with harmful effects. Promoter hypermethylation is an important mechanism of the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in endometrial neoplasms. Epigenetic changes of the PTEN and APC genes have shown to be present in various cancers. Therefore, in this study, we have investigated the association between the promoter hypermethylation of PTEN and APC genes with endometrial neoplasms. Methods: For this study, 28 patients with endometrial neoplasms as well as 22 controls were studied. Analysis of the promoter methylation regions of PTEN and APC genes were performed by Methylation-Specific PCR. Results: The frequency of PTEN and APC genes promoter methylation was 28.57% and 17.86% in tumor tissues, and 11.54% and 3.85% in blood samples, respectively. We found a significant relationship between blood and tissue in PTEN methylation (p = 0.0353). Additionally, we determined a closely significant difference between normal tissue and tumor tissue of the PTEN gene (p = 0.0787) and blood and tissue samples of the APC gene in methylated promoter regions (p=0.0623). Furthermore, these results suggest that there is no significant relationship between the promoter methylation of PTEN and APC with clinical characteristics. Conclusion: DNA methylation deficiency is a well known highlighted factor in tumorigenesis, therefore the promoter hypermethylation of PTEN and APC can be indicated as a risk factor in endometrial neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Ghazanfari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Golnaz Asaadi Tehrani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Parisa Maziri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran.
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19
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Li CJ, Chen CS, Yiang GT, Tsai APY, Liao WT, Wu MY. Advanced Evolution of Pathogenesis Concepts in Cardiomyopathies. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8040520. [PMID: 30995779 PMCID: PMC6518034 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a group of heterogeneous cardiac diseases that impair systolic and diastolic function, and can induce chronic heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Cardiomyopathy is prevalent in the general population, with high morbidity and mortality rates, and contributes to nearly 20% of sudden cardiac deaths in younger individuals. Genetic mutations associated with cardiomyopathy play a key role in disease formation, especially the mutation of sarcomere encoding genes and ATP kinase genes, such as titin, lamin A/C, myosin heavy chain 7, and troponin T1. Pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy occurs by multiple complex steps involving several pathways, including the Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-activated kinase pathway, G-protein signaling, mechanotransduction pathway, and protein kinase B/phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling. Excess biomechanical stress induces apoptosis signaling in cardiomyocytes, leading to cell loss, which can induce myocardial fibrosis and remodeling. The clinical features and pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy are discussed. Although several basic and clinical studies have investigated the mechanism of cardiomyopathy, the detailed pathophysiology remains unclear. This review summarizes current concepts and focuses on the molecular mechanisms of cardiomyopathy, especially in the signaling from mutation to clinical phenotype, with the aim of informing the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Andy Po-Yi Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ting Liao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Department, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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20
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Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Cell Biology of Molecular Regulation in Endometrial Carcinogenesis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8040439. [PMID: 30935077 PMCID: PMC6518354 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinogenesis is involved in several signaling pathways and it comprises multiple steps. The four major signaling pathways—PI3K/AKT, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, WNT/β-catenin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)—are involved in tumor cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. The genetic mutation and germline mitochondrial DNA mutations also impair cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis signaling, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition by several transcription factors, leading to endometrial carcinogenesis and distant metastasis. The PI3K/AKT pathway activates the ransforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-mediated endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it interacts with downstream signals to upregulate EMT-associated factors. Estrogen and progesterone signaling in EMT also play key roles in the prognosis of endometrial carcinogenesis. In this review article, we summarize the current clinical and basic research efforts regarding the detailed molecular regulation in endometrial carcinogenesis, especially in EMT, to provide novel targets for further anti-carcinogenesis treatment.
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Oncogenic Y68 frame shift mutation of PTEN represents a mechanism of docetaxel resistance in endometrial cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2111. [PMID: 30765787 PMCID: PMC6375989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to identify mutations of key genes associated with docetaxel resistance in nine endometrial cancer cell lines. Endometrial cancers are associated with several critical gene mutations, including PIK3A, PTEN, and KRAS. Different gene mutations in endometrial cancer cells have varied responses to anticancer drugs and cancer therapies. The most frequently altered gene in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma tumors is PTEN. PTEN protein has lipid phosphatase and protein phosphatase activity, as well as other functions in the nucleus. Although the tumor-suppressive function of PTEN has mainly been attributed to its lipid phosphatase activity, a role for PTEN protein phosphatase activity in cell cycle regulation has also been suggested. Various tumor type-specific PTEN mutations are well documented. Here, nine endometrioid endometrial cancer cell lines with PIK3A, PTEN, and KRAS gene mutations were treated with docetaxel and radiation. One mutation with a docetaxel drug-resistant effect was a truncated form of PTEN. Among PTEN mutations in endometrial cancer cells, the Y68 frame shift mutation of PTEN constitutes a major mechanism of resistance to docetaxel treatment. The molecular mechanism involves truncation of the 403 amino acid PTEN protein at amino acid 68 by the Y68 frame shift, leading to the loss of PTEN protein phosphatase and lipid phosphatase activities.
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Habiba M, Pluchino N, Petignat P, Bianchi P, Brosens I, Benagiano G. Adenomyosis and Endometrial Cancer: Literature Review. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2018; 83:313-328. [DOI: 10.1159/000487320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Zhang Y, Bao W, Wang K, Lu W, Wang H, Tong H, Wan X. SOX17 is a tumor suppressor in endometrial cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76036-76046. [PMID: 27738313 PMCID: PMC5342796 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
β-catenin is a key regulatory factor for the Wnt signaling pathway. SOX17 is an important β-catenin inhibitor, while MAML3 is a co-activator of β-catenin-mediated transcription. Out of 120 endometrial cancer (EC) patients, we found that those with tumors expressing higher SOX17 (n=68) had longer recurrence-free survival (P=0.024), while higher MAML3 expression (n=76) was associated with shorter recurrence-free survival (P=0.022). Immunohistochemical and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that SOX17 and MAML3 co-localized in EC cell nuclei, and the MAML3 C-terminal region was necessary for SOX17 binding. SOX17 regulated MAML3 transcription via binding to the MAML3 promoter, decreasing Wnt pathway protein expression and suppressing EC cell growth and colony formation in vitro. In nude mice, SOX17 over-expression inhibited tumor growth, and co-inhibition or co-overexpression of SOX17 and MAML3 rescued this response. Our results suggest that decreasing SOX17 levels may promote EC development and progression, and that by downregulating MAML3 expression and Wnt signaling, SOX17 acts as a tumor suppressor that may improve outcome in patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Litwin TR, Clarke MA, Dean M, Wentzensen N. Somatic Host Cell Alterations in HPV Carcinogenesis. Viruses 2017; 9:v9080206. [PMID: 28771191 PMCID: PMC5580463 DOI: 10.3390/v9080206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infections cause cancers in different organ sites, most commonly cervical and head and neck cancers. While carcinogenesis is initiated by two viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, increasing evidence shows the importance of specific somatic events in host cells for malignant transformation. HPV-driven cancers share characteristic somatic changes, including apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC)-driven mutations and genomic instability leading to copy number variations and large chromosomal rearrangements. HPV-associated cancers have recurrent somatic mutations in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), human leukocyte antigen A and B (HLA-A and HLA-B)-A/B, and the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway, and rarely have mutations in the tumor protein p53 (TP53) and RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) tumor suppressor genes. There are some variations by tumor site, such as NOTCH1 mutations which are primarily found in head and neck cancers. Understanding the somatic events following HPV infection and persistence can aid the development of early detection biomarkers, particularly when mutations in precancers are characterized. Somatic mutations may also influence prognosis and treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara R Litwin
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Megan A Clarke
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Michael Dean
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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25
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Li D, Wei X, Ma M, Jia H, Zhang Y, Kang W, Wang T, Shi X. FFJ-3 inhibits PKM2 protein expression via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and activates the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway in human cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2607-2614. [PMID: 28454440 PMCID: PMC5403336 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) has previously been identified as a tumor biomarker and potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, FFJ-3, a structurally modified version of mollugin, an extract of the Traditional Chinese herbal medicine Rubia tinctorum (madder) was used in order to determine the anticancer activity of the compound and investigate the potential mechanisms underlying this effect in human cancer cells. The results of the present study revealed that FFJ-3 inhibited the survival of HepG2 human hepatoma cells, MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells using the MTT assay. In addition, FFJ-3 arrested cell cycle progression at G2/M and G1 in HepG2 and A549 cells, respectively. Further analyses demonstrated that FFJ-3 attenuated the expression of PKM2 protein via the inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt serine/threonine kinase (Akt) signaling pathway. Furthermore, treatment of all three cell types with FFJ-3 significantly increased apoptosis and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential compared with the untreated control group. In addition, FFJ-3 treatment increased the ratio of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X and activated the caspase-3 cascade. In conclusion, the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and activation of the caspase-3 cascade by FFJ-3 were primarily responsible for the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in MCF-7, HepG2 and A549 cells. The results of the present study suggest a potential therapeutic role for FFJ-3 in the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Huina Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
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Iijima M, Banno K, Okawa R, Yanokura M, Iida M, Takeda T, Kunitomi-Irie H, Adachi M, Nakamura K, Umene K, Nogami Y, Masuda K, Tominaga E, Aoki D. Genome-wide analysis of gynecologic cancer: The Cancer Genome Atlas in ovarian and endometrial cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1063-1070. [PMID: 28454214 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer typically develops due to genetic abnormalities, but a single gene abnormality cannot completely account for the onset of cancer. The Cancer Genome Atlas (CGA) project was conducted for the cross-sectional genome-wide analysis of numerous genetic abnormalities in various types of cancer. This approach has facilitated the identification of novel AT-rich interaction domain 1A gene mutations in ovarian clear cell carcinoma, frequent tumor protein 53 (TP53) gene mutations in high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma, and Kirsten rat sarcoma and B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase gene mutations in low-grade ovarian serous carcinoma. Genome-wide analysis of endometrial cancers has led to the establishment of four subgroups: Polymerase ultramutated, microsatellite instability hypermutated, genome copy-number low and genome copy-number high. These results may facilitate the improvement of the prediction of patient prognosis and therapeutic sensitivity in various types of gynecologic cancer. The enhanced use of currently available therapeutic agents and the development of novel drugs may be facilitated by the novel classification of ovarian cancer based on TP53 mutations, the efficacy of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for tumors with breast cancer 1/2 mutations and the effect of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors for tumors with mutations in the PI3K/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Important results have been revealed by genome-wide analyses; however, the pathogenic underlying mechanisms of gynecologic cancer will require further studies and multilateral evaluation using epigenetic, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, in addition to genomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moito Iijima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kouji Banno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Okawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Megumi Yanokura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Miho Iida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Haruko Kunitomi-Irie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masataka Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kanako Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Umene
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuya Nogami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenta Masuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Tominaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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An update of the classical Bokhman's dualistic model of endometrial cancer. MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2016; 15:63-8. [PMID: 27582678 PMCID: PMC4993978 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2016.61186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
According to the classical dualistic model introduced by Bokhman in 1983, endometrial cancer (EC) is divided into two basic types. The prototypical histological type for type I and type II of EC is endometrioid carcinoma and serous carcinoma, respectively. The traditional classification is based on clinical, endocrine and histopathological features, however, it sometimes does not reflect the full heterogeneity of EC. New molecular evidence, supported by clinical diversity of the cancer, indicates that the classical dualistic model is valid only to some extent. The review updates a mutational diversity of EC, introducing a new molecular classification of the tumour in regard to data presented by The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (TGCA).
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28
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Zhang Y, Jiang F, Bao W, Zhang H, He X, Wang H, Wan X. SOX17 increases the cisplatin sensitivity of an endometrial cancer cell line. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:29. [PMID: 27065754 PMCID: PMC4826500 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common form of malignant gynecological tumor. Treatment with cisplatin (CDDP) is the mainstay of EC chemotherapy. The apoptotic machinery is regarded as an important etiological factor in chemoresistance. Recent evidence has suggested that overexpression of the transcription factor SOX17 prevented apoptosis in tumor cell lines. The effect of SOX17 on apoptosis in EC cisplatin chemoresistance remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemistry and the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were employed to detect gene expression in paraffin-embedded EC tissues and blood samples. The anti-proliferative ability of SOX17 on EC cells was assessed by MTT. Flow cytometric analysis was used to detect cell apoptosis by annexin V/PI double-staining. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was analyzed by western blot. In the in vivo study, nude mice were subcutaneously injected with EC cells, and received cisplatin treatment through intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Apoptosis of in vivo samples was analyzed by TUNEL assay. Results SOX17 expression decreased the chemical resistance of EC cells to CDDP. HEC-1B cells with an elevated expression of SOX17 had a lower cell viability and higher apoptosis rate after cisplatin exposure. Overexpression SOX17 up-regulated wild type p53 after being exposed to cisplatin, while the expression of BCL2-associated X protein and cleaved caspase-3 simultaneously increased. Caspase-9 inhibitor reduced the efficacy of SOX17 in HEC-1B cells after cisplatin treatment. In the in vivo study, SOX17 overexpression clearly restrained the tumor growth and increased the cisplatin toxicity and apoptosis of tumor cells. Conclusions SOX17 is involved in the p53-mediated apoptosis pathway, and increases the sensitivity of HEC-1B cells to cisplatin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-016-0304-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620 China ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 2699 Gaokexi Road, Shanghai, 201204 China
| | - FeiZhou Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - XiaoYing He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 2699 Gaokexi Road, Shanghai, 201204 China
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29
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Odds ratio analysis in women with endometrial cancer. MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2016; 15:12-9. [PMID: 27095953 PMCID: PMC4828503 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2016.58767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Despite the progress in diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumours, the effects of treatment are insufficient. Reduction of the risk of cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer is possible by introducing preventative actions. Aim of the study The aim of the thesis is the analysis of selected risk factors that may affect the increase or decrease in the odds ratio of developing endometrial cancer. Material and methods The study was conducted among patients of the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Hospital of Poznań University of Medical Sciences in the years 2011-2013. The research included a total of 548 female respondents aged between 40 and 84 years. Women responded to questions assessing elements of lifestyle such as consumption of alcohol, smoking, and eating certain groups of foods. Results The respondents consuming fruits and vegetables several times a week have a reduced risk of odds ratio and the OR is 0.85; 95% CI: 0.18-4.09, compared to the women who rarely consume vegetables and fruits. Consumption of whole-wheat bread several times a week reduces the risk of developing the cancer, OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.14-2.47, compared to women not consuming wholegrain bread at all. Respondents who consumed red meat, such as veal, pork, and lamb in the amount of 101-200 g per day have an increased risk of developing the disease: OR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.09-4.28, compared to women not consuming red meat at all. Conclusions A diet rich in fruit and vegetables, onions, garlic, whole grains, and beans should be introduced in order to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer. The consumption of red meat and white pasta should be reduced or even eliminated.
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30
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Long Non-Coding RNAs in Endometrial Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26463-72. [PMID: 26556343 PMCID: PMC4661821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC), the second most common form of gynaecological malignancy, can be divided into two distinct sub-types: Type I tumours arise from hyperplastic endometrium and typically effect women around the time of menopause, whereas type II tumours arise in postmenopausal women from atrophic endometrium. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a novel class of non-protein coding molecules that have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of many types of cancer including gynaecological tumours. Although they play critical physiological roles in cellular metabolism, their expression and function are deregulated in EC compared with paired normal tissue, indicating that they may also participate in tumour initiation and progression. For instance, the lncRNA MALAT-1 is down-regulated in EC samples compared to normal or hyperplastic endometrium, whereas the lncRNA OVAL is down-regulated in type II disease but up-regulated in type I disease. Other notatble lncRNAs such as HOTAIR, H19 and SRA become up-regulated with increasing EC tumour grade and other features associated with poor prognosis. In the current review, we will examine the growing body of evidence linking deregulated lncRNAs with specific biological functions of tumour cells in EC, we will highlight associations between lncRNAs and the molecular pathways implicated in EC tumourigenesis and we will identify critical knowledge gaps that remain to be addressed.
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31
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Hakim SA, Raboh NMA. Immunohistochemical expression of glypican 3 in endometrial carcinoma and correlation with prognostic parameters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:13225-13232. [PMID: 26722522 PMCID: PMC4680467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinogenesis is associated with several critical regulatory molecules which are involved in different signaling pathways such as the WNT signaling pathways. Among which the β-catenin dependent pathway has been associated with human endometrial cancer. Genetic and biochemical studies have demonstrated that glypicans can regulate several signaling pathways including those triggered by Wnts. Glypican 3 is one of six mammalian members of the glypican family of proteoglycans. Overexpression of glypican 3 has been reported in some types of cancers but only few data are available about its expression in endometrial carcinoma and its role in endometrial carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the immunohistochemical expression of glypican 3 in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) and serous endometrial carcinoma (SEC), and to correlate its expression with prognostic factors of endometrial carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of glypican 3 was studied in fifty two EEC and nineteen SEC cases. RESULTS Glypican 3 expression showed a significant difference between EEC and SEC (P = 0.027) and it was significantly correlated with tumor grade, stage and myometrial invasion (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Glypican 3 expression can be used as an adjunct in the differentiation between EEC and SEC. Glypican 3 is associated with poor prognostic parameters in both EEC and SEC, and it can be a promising molecule for targeted immunotherapy in positive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Hakim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lecturer of Pathology, Ain Shams University Abbasseya square, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermine M Abd Raboh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lecturer of Pathology, Ain Shams University Abbasseya square, Cairo, Egypt
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32
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Prognostic Significance of mTOR and PTEN in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:417210. [PMID: 26357655 PMCID: PMC4555449 DOI: 10.1155/2015/417210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The prognostic value of mTOR in ESCC is much controversial; this study aimed to determine the prognostic importance of mTOR and PTEN in patients with ESCC. A total of 148 consecutive patients who underwent esophagectomy from 2010 to 2012 were included in this study, tested by western bolt and immunohistochemistry for mTOR and PTEN expression. Correlation coefficient was calculated using Pearson's correlation test. The 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated in relation to the two markers. 94 (63.5%) of 148 were mTOR high expression, and PTEN high expression was detected in 46 (31.1%) of the 148 patients with ESCC. The Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a significant negative correlation in two proteins (correlation coefficient = −0.189, P < 0.005). The 3-year OS and DFS time in the mTOR-high group was 23.9 and 18.4 months, respectively, and the time in the mTOR-low group was 33.9 months and 31.4 months, respectively. The difference of survival rate between the two groups remained statistically significant. mTOR-low or PTEN-high patients had better 3-year rates of OS and DFS than mTOR-high or PTEN-low group (P < 0.001 by the log-rank test). This study also found that mTOR was an independence prognostic factor by multivariate analysis.
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