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Tirgar P, Vekaria M, Raval K. Pre-clinical Evaluation of Karanjin Against DMBA-Induced Breast Cancer in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats Through Modulation of SMAR1 and CDP/CUx genes. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03389-w. [PMID: 39177785 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the chemoprotective potential of karanjin against 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer. METHODOLOGY Thirty-six female rats were utilized for the study. Breast cancer was induced through a subcutaneous injection of 35 mg/kg DMBA. The animals were allocated to six groups. Three groups were allocated for karanjin (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg), and received daily treatment for 20 weeks (including 2 weeks as pre-treatment). Doxorubicin (4 mg/kg) was administered to the standard control group twice a week for 20 weeks. The disease control (DC) and normal control (NC) groups received daily treatment with saline. After the treatment, oxidative stress parameters, biochemical parameters, and inflammatory parameters were estimated. CCAAT-displacement protein/cut homeobox (CUP/Cux) and scaffold/matrix attachment region binding protein 1 (SMAR1) expression levels were measured through gene expression analysis. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed to estimate the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). RESULTS Tumor growth reduced significantly (P-value < 0.01) in karanjin-treated animals compared to the DC group. Karanjin significantly (P-value < 0.01) regulated the levels of oxidative stress parameters, biochemical parameters, and inflammatory parameters compared to the DC group. Karanjin treatment significantly (P-value < 0.001) regulated the expression levels of SMAR1 and CDP/Cux. A notable reduction in the IHC scores was observed for ER, PR, and HER2 expression in karanjin groups. CONCLUSION Karanjin demonstrated chemoprotective activity against DMBA-induced breast cancer in animals potentially through modulation of SMAR1 and CDP/Cux gene expression and reduction of ER, PR and HER2 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Tirgar
- School of Pharmacy, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Keval Raval
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa-388421, Anand, Gujarat, India.
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2
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Schandiz H, Farkas L, Park D, Liu Y, Andersen SN, Geisler J, Sauer T. Low progesterone receptor levels in high-grade DCIS correlate with HER2 upregulation and the presence of invasive components. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1347166. [PMID: 39011488 PMCID: PMC11247389 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1347166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we investigated pivotal molecular markers in human high-grade breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Expression status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2) was measured among various subtypes (Luminal (Lum) A, LumB HER2-, LumB HER2+, HER2-enriched and triple-negative). Methods In total, 357 DCIS cases were classified into respective subtypes, according to the 2013 St. Gallen guidelines. Each subtype was categorized into three subcategories: "Pure" (those without an invasive component), "W/invasive" (those with an invasive component), and "All" (the entire group of the given subtype). ER and PR expression were registered as intervals. Equivocal HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) cases (2+) were further investigated using dual-color in situ hybridization. Results The majority of patients (71%) were over the age of 50. We discovered no significant differences in the proportion of age between the "Pure" and "W/invasive" groups. There was no significant difference in ER/PR expression between "Pure" luminal subtypes of DCIS and "W/invasive" cases. We compared the HER2 IHC scores of "0", "1+", and "2+" among LumA and LumB HER2 subtypes and identified no statistically significant differences between "Pure" and "W/invasive" (p = 0.603). ER and PR expression ≥ 50% cutoff value was present in > 90% of all LumA cases. The incidences of cases with ER expression at cutoff values of < 10% and ≥ 50% in LumA were significantly different compared to other luminal subtypes (p < 0.0001). The proportion of cases with PR expression < 20% showed significant differences in the various luminal subtypes. In luminal B subtypes, low PR expression (< 20%) was significantly associated with both strong HER2 expression (3+) and the presence of an invasive component (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0365, respectively). Conclusions ER and PR expression at ≥ 50% cutoff values were found in more than 90% of LumA cases. Samples with ER < 10% and ≥ 50% in LumA were significantly different compared to other luminal subtypes (p < 0.0001). Low PR expression in high-grade DCIS was strongly associated with HER2 overexpression (3+) and an invasive component (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0365, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Schandiz
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), Lorenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lorant Farkas
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daehoon Park
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Solveig N Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jürgen Geisler
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), Lorenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Sauer
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Adedokun KA, Oluogun WA, Oyenike MA, Imodoye SO, Yunus LA, Lasisi SA, Bello IO, Kamorudeen RT, Adekola SA. Expression Patterns of ER, PR, HER-2/neu and p53 in Association with Nottingham Tumour Grade in Breast Cancer Patients. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2023; 23:526-533. [PMID: 38090235 PMCID: PMC10712386 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.7.2023.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recent molecular studies show that breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease, and several molecular changes may accumulate over time to influence treatment response. As a result, employing reliable molecular biomarkers to monitor these modifications may help deliver personalised treatment. However, this may be unrealistic in the resource-limited parts of the world. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the expression pattern of hormone receptors and p53 tumour suppressor using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in BC compared to the traditional tumour grade. Methods In total, 205 cases were investigated, and the Modified Bloom-Richardson score system was adopted in grading the tumours. The tissue sections of the cases were stained with specific primary antibodies at dilutions of 1:60 for oestrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), 1:350 for the human epidermal growth factor (HER-2/neu) and 1:50 for p53. Results Invasive ductal carcinoma of no-specific type (n = 190, 92.7%) was predominant and grade II tumour (n = 146, 71.2%) was the most frequent. Hormone receptors ER (n = 127) and PR (n = 145) had 62.0% and 70.7% positive cases, respectively; 34.1% (n = 70) were positive for HER-2/neu, while 76.1% (n = 156) were positive for p53. Significant associations between Nottingham grade and expression patterns of ER (P <0.01), PR (P <0.001), HER-2/neu (P <0.001) and p53 (P = 0.001) were observed. Conclusion Nottingham grade had a high degree of concordance with the patterns of expression of hormone receptors, HER-2/neu and p53, suggesting that it may play an important role in connection with the predictive and prognostic biomarkers for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamoru A. Adedokun
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Waheed A. Oluogun
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology Osun State University Teaching Hospital (UNIOSUNTH), Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Musiliu A. Oyenike
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Sikiru O. Imodoye
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lukman A. Yunus
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology Osun State University Teaching Hospital (UNIOSUNTH), Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - smaila A. Lasisi
- Laboratory Unit, Health Centre, Osun State Polytechnic Iree, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim O. Bello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
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Awang Ahmad N, Lai SK, Suboh R, Hussin H. Comparison of Mast Cell Density and Prognostic Factors in Invasive Breast Carcinoma: A Single-Centre Study in Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:81-90. [PMID: 37928785 PMCID: PMC10624438 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.5.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mast cells influence tumour growth, neo-angiogenesis and the propensity for metastasis by contributing to innate and adaptive immune responses in the tumour microenvironment. The number of mast cells has increased in various malignant tumours and their abundance has been associated with either a favourable or unfavourable prognosis. This study investigated the significant difference in stromal mast cell density among multiple prognostic factor groups in invasive breast carcinoma. Methods CD117 (c-KIT) antibodies were used to stain 160 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded invasive breast carcinoma tissues to demonstrate the presence of mast cells. Then the labelled mast cells were counted in 10 fields at 400× magnification and the mean value was used to represent the mast cell density. Results The demographic distribution revealed that most patients were 40 years old or older (92.5%) and of Malay ethnicity (66.3%). With regard to prognostic factors, the most prevalent subtype was invasive carcinoma of no special type (80.6%), followed by tumour grade 3 (41.3%), T2 tumour size (63.1%), N0 lymph node stage (51.3%), presence of lymphovascular invasion (59.4%), positive oestrogen (64.4%) and progesterone receptors (53.1%), and negative human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression (75.0%). However, there was no significant difference in stromal mast cell density among the different demographic and prognostic factor groups in invasive breast carcinoma. Conclusion The findings from this study suggest that stromal mast cells do not play a significant role in preventing or promoting tumour growth in invasive breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norashikin Awang Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Shau Kong Lai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roslina Suboh
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Lablink Medical Laboratory, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Huzlinda Hussin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Proteomics-Based Identification of Dysregulated Proteins in Breast Cancer. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10040035. [PMID: 36278695 PMCID: PMC9590004 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is still widely used as a morphology-based assay for in situ analysis of target proteins as specific tumor antigens. However, as a very heterogeneous collection of neoplastic diseases, breast cancer (BC) requires an accurate identification and characterization of larger panels of candidate biomarkers, beyond ER, PR, and HER2 proteins, for diagnosis and personalized treatment, without the limited availability of antibodies that are required to identify specific proteins. Top-down, middle-down, and bottom-up mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics approaches complement traditional histopathological tissue analysis to examine expression, modification, and interaction of hundreds to thousands of proteins simultaneously. In this review, we discuss the proteomics-based identification of dysregulated proteins in BC that are essential for the following issues: discovery and validation of new biomarkers by analysis of solid and liquid/non-invasive biopsies, cell lines, organoids and xenograft models; identification of panels of biomarkers for early detection and accurate discrimination between cancer, benign and normal tissues; identification of subtype-specific and stage-specific protein expression profiles in BC grading and measurement of disease progression; characterization of new subtypes of BC; characterization and quantitation of post-translational modifications (PTMs) and aberrant protein-protein interactions (PPI) involved in tumor development; characterization of the global remodeling of BC tissue homeostasis, diagnosis and prognostic information; and deciphering of molecular functions, biological processes and mechanisms through which the dysregulated proteins cause tumor initiation, invasion, and treatment resistance.
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Marina D, Rasmussen ÅK, Buch‐Larsen K, Gillberg L, Andersson M, Schwarz P. Influence of the anti-oestrogens tamoxifen and letrozole on thyroid function in women with early and advanced breast cancer: A systematic review. Cancer Med 2022; 12:967-982. [PMID: 35748065 PMCID: PMC9883413 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC) is a common type of cancer in women. Advances in therapy options have resulted in higher overall survival rates but side effects of cancer treatment are increasingly in the spotlight. The beneficial effects of anti-oestrogen therapy with tamoxifen and letrozole in the prevention of BC recurrence are well documented. While the most common side-effects of this therapy are well-defined, less is known about its effects on thyroid function. In women treated for early BC, an average of 1-5 kg weight gain has been observed after treatment with chemotherapy/anti-oestrogens. We aim to evaluate the current knowledge on the side effects of tamoxifen and letrozole treatments on thyroid function, followed by its potential influence on the observed weight gain. METHODS We searched PubMed and found 16 publications on thyroid function and tamoxifen treatment in pre- and post-menopausal women with early- and advanced BC, whereas five publications on letrozole treatment in post-menopausal women with advanced BC. RESULTS According to the current literature, there is an overall tendency towards a mild and transient thyroid dysfunction, that is, subclinical hypothyroidism in tamoxifen-treated patients. Only one publication reported further significant changes in thyroid hormones beyond one year of tamoxifen treatment. No significant changes in thyroid function have been observed among letrozole-treated patients. CONCLUSION Tamoxifen-treated patients can develop mild and transient thyroid dysfunction within the first 12 months, yet further significant changes in thyroid function beyond one year of tamoxifen treatment have been reported in a single study. There is no evidence of thyroid dysfunction in letrozole-treated patients. Current literature does not focus on subclinical hypothyroidism as a possible cause of weight gain in patients with BC. Subgrouping of BC patients and studies with a longer observation of thyroid hormones and weight changes during and after anti-oestrogen treatment are needed to further elucidate how anti-oestrogens affect thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djordje Marina
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | | | - Linn Gillberg
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging CopenhagenUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Michael Andersson
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Peter Schwarz
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark,Faculty og Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Shalabi MG, Abbas AM, Mills J, Kheirelseid MA, Elderdery AY. The Prognostic Value of Estrogen Receptor β Isoform With Correlation of Estrogen Receptor α Among Sudanese Breast Cancer Patients. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021; 15:1178223421998354. [PMID: 33716507 PMCID: PMC7917412 DOI: 10.1177/1178223421998354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two estrogen receptor isoforms (ERα and ERβ) have been characterized with variable and sometimes contrasting responses to estrogens, partially explained by different receptor signaling pathways in estrogen-sensitive tissues. This is a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study, aiming to evaluate the expression pattern of ERβ, employing immunohistochemical techniques using specific monoclonal antibody for ERβ, to correlate its expression with that of ERα in a Sudanese population. Two-hundred and fifty formalin-fixed paraffin-wax-embedded breast tissue blocks were used in this study. Of these, 200 were taken from breast cancer patients ascertained as study cases, and the remaining 50 were noninvolved surgical margin considered as normal breast tissue. Receptor expression was demonstrated using immunohistochemical techniques. The immune expression of ERβ was detected in 57.5% of breast cancers. It was differentially expressed in breast tissues encompassing normal, noninvasive, as well as invasive carcinoma (P = .02). There was no evidence of a significant relationship between ERβ and ERα expression. Among the ERα-negative tumor, 60.4% expressed ERβ. The expression of ERβ among this subgroup was significantly associated with good clinicopathological parameters such as negative Her2/neu, lower grade, and negative lymph node metastasis (P = .002). This study concludes that ERβ was commonly expressed among Sudanese patients with breast cancer, either co-expressed with ERα or expressed alone. In the ERα-negative subgroup, it was associated with better tumor outcomes suggesting ERβ should be included in the diagnostic protocol as an independent marker for favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar G Shalabi
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Nahda College, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Anass M Abbas
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Laboratory Program, School of Medicine, Alyarmouk Medical College, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Jeremy Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Mohamed A Kheirelseid
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Abozer Y Elderdery
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, Sudan
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Rusch P, Hirner AV, Schmitz O, Kimmig R, Hoffmann O, Diel M. Zinc distribution within breast cancer tissue of different intrinsic subtypes. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 303:195-205. [PMID: 32930875 PMCID: PMC7854450 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To show feasibility of laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) for analysis of zinc content and concentration in breast cancer tissue and to correlate this with validated prognostic and predictive markers, i.e. histological grading and expression of steroid receptors (estrogen receptor, ER; progesterone receptor, PR) and human epidermal growth-factor receptor 2 (Her2). METHODS 28 samples of human invasive ductal breast cancer tissue were subclassified into groups of four different intrinsic subtypes according to the expression of ER, PR and Her2 by immunohistological staining and then analyzed for zinc content and distribution by LA-ICPMS applying a calibration technique based on spiked polyacrylamide gels. A correlation of zinc concentration with histological grading and molecular subtypes was analyzed. RESULTS Consistent with results of a pilot-study LA-ICPMS was feasible to show zinc accumulation in cancerous tissue, even more adjacent healthy stroma was with proportional increase of zinc. Zinc levels were most elevated in triple-positive (TPBC) and in triple-negative (TNB) breast cancers. CONCLUSION LA-ICPMS was feasible to confirm a connection between zinc and grade of malignancy; furthermore, focusing on a correlation of zinc and intrinsic breast cancer subtypes, LA-ICPMS depicted an upwards trend of zinc for "high-risk-cancers" with highest levels in Her2-positive and in triple-negative (TNBC) disease. The currently uncommon alliance of clinicians and analytical chemists in basic research is most promising to exploit the full potential of diagnostic accuracy in the efforts to solve the enigma of breast cancer initiation and course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rusch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Alfred V Hirner
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Maxim Diel
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
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Gray M, Meehan J, Martínez-Pérez C, Kay C, Turnbull AK, Morrison LR, Pang LY, Argyle D. Naturally-Occurring Canine Mammary Tumors as a Translational Model for Human Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:617. [PMID: 32411603 PMCID: PMC7198768 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research over many decades, human breast cancer remains a major worldwide health concern. Advances in pre-clinical and clinical research has led to significant improvements in recent years in how we manage breast cancer patients. Although survival rates of patients suffering from localized disease has improved significantly, the prognosis for patients diagnosed with metastatic disease remains poor with 5-year survival rates at only 25%. In vitro studies using immortalized cell lines and in vivo mouse models, typically using xenografted cell lines or patient derived material, are commonly used to study breast cancer. Although these techniques have undoubtedly increased our molecular understanding of breast cancer, these research models have significant limitations and have contributed to the high attrition rates seen in cancer drug discovery. It is estimated that only 3-6% of drugs that show promise in these pre-clinical models will reach clinical use. Models that can reproduce human breast cancer more accurately are needed if significant advances are to be achieved in improving cancer drug research, treatment outcomes, and prognosis. Canine mammary tumors are a naturally-occurring heterogenous group of cancers that have several features in common with human breast cancer. These similarities include etiology, signaling pathway activation and histological classification. In this review article we discuss the use of naturally-occurring canine mammary tumors as a translational animal model for human breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Gray
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James Meehan
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Center, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Martínez-Pérez
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Center, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charlene Kay
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Center, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Arran K Turnbull
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Center, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Linda R Morrison
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Y Pang
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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10
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Balayla J, Tulandi T, Buckett W, Holzer H, Steiner N, Shrem G, Volodarsky-Perel A. Outcomes of ovarian stimulation and fertility preservation in breast cancer patients with different hormonal receptor profiles. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:913-921. [PMID: 32144524 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate fertility preservation outcomes in breast cancer women with different hormonal receptor profiles before oncological treatment. METHODS The study population included women with a diagnosis of breast cancer who underwent fertility preservation from 2009 until 2018 at a university-affiliated tertiary hospital. Stimulation parameters and fertility preservation outcomes were compared among the following receptor-specific profile groups: (1) estrogen receptor positive (ER+) versus estrogen receptor negative (ER-), (2) triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) versus estrogen and progesterone receptor positive (ER+/PR+), and (3) TNBC versus non-TNBC. Primary outcome was the total number of mature oocytes. Secondary outcomes included the number of retrieved oocytes, the peak estradiol level, and the number of follicles > 14 mm on the final oocyte maturation trigger day. RESULTS A total of 155 cycles were included in the final analysis. These were divided into the exposure groups of ER+ (n = 97), ER- (n = 58), ER+/PR+ (n = 85), TNBC (n = 57), and non-TNBC (n = 98). Cycle outcomes revealed similar number of retrieved oocytes and follicles > 14 mm on the trigger day. Women with TNBC had significantly lower number of mature oocytes compared with those with ER + PR+ (7 (5-11) versus 9 (7-15); p = 0.02) and non-TNBC (7 (5-11) versus 9 (7-16); p = 0.01) status. Triple-negative breast cancer profile was associated with a significant reduction in the chance of developing over 10 mature oocytes (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.19-0.92). CONCLUSION Among the different hormonal receptor profiles in breast cancer, the TNBC subtype has a negative effect on fertility preservation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Balayla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Togas Tulandi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - William Buckett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hananel Holzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Naama Steiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Guy Shrem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Alexander Volodarsky-Perel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada. .,Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
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Williams LA, Hoadley KA, Nichols HB, Geradts J, Perou CM, Love MI, Olshan AF, Troester MA. Differences in race, molecular and tumor characteristics among women diagnosed with invasive ductal and lobular breast carcinomas. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:31-39. [PMID: 30617775 PMCID: PMC6396692 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dominant invasive breast cancer histologic subtype, ductal carcinoma, shows intrinsic subtype diversity. However, lobular breast cancers are predominantly Luminal A. Both histologic subtypes show distinct relationships with patient and tumor characteristics, but it is unclear if these associations remain after accounting for intrinsic subtype. METHODS Generalized linear models were used to estimate relative frequency differences (RFDs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the associations between age, race, tumor characteristics, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA-based intrinsic subtype, TP53 status, and histologic subtype in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS, n = 3,182) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n = 808). RESULTS Relative to ductal tumors, lobular tumors were significantly more likely to be Luminal A [CBCS RNA RFD: 44.9%, 95% CI (39.6, 50.1); TCGA: RFD: 50.5%, 95% CI (43.9, 57.1)], were less frequent among young (≤ 50 years) and black women, were larger in size, low grade, less frequently had TP53 pathway defects, and were diagnosed at later stages. These associations persisted among Luminal A tumors (n = 242). CONCLUSIONS While histology is strongly associated with molecular characteristics, histologic associations with age, race, size, grade, and stage persisted after restricting to Luminal A subtype. Histology may continue to be clinically relevant among Luminal A breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joseph Geradts
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Michael I Love
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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