[Effects of a Daily Life-Based Physical Activity Enhancement Program for Middle-Aged Women at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease]

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a daily life-based physical activity enhancement program performed by middle-aged women at risk for cardiovascular disease.

METHODS

This study used a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. Middle-aged women aged 45 to 64 were recruited from two outpatient cardiology departments, and randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=28) and a control group (n=30). For the experimental group, after providing one-on-one counseling and education, we provided customized text messages to motivate them in daily life. To monitor the practice of physical activity, they also used an exercise diary and mobile pedometer for 12 weeks. Subjects' physical activities (MET-min/week) were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Their physiological data were obtained by blood tests using a portable analyzer, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0/WIN program.

RESULTS

There were significant differences in exercise self-efficacy, health behavior, IPAQ score, body fat, body muscle, and fasting blood sugar between the two groups. However, there were no significant differences in total cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and waist-to-hip ratio.

CONCLUSION

Strengthening physical activity in daily life without being limited by cost burden and time and space constraints. Therefore, it is essential to motivate middle-aged women at risk for cardiovascular disease to practice activities that are easily performed in their daily lives.

Adiponectin as predictor for diabetes among pre-diabetic groups

Adiponectin is found to associate with diabetes in studies apart from cohort studies. This prospective cohort study is to evaluate the predictive role of adiponectin in diabetes among participants with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). A total of 42,845 participants who visited 7 health examination centers located in Seoul and Kyunggi province, South Korea, during 2004-2008 were first included. Of the 42,845 participants, 5,085 participants had IFG. IFG was categorized as stage 1 (fasting glucose 100-109 mg/dL) or stage 2 (110-125 mg/dL). The incidence rates of diabetes were followed up to December, 2011. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were performed by Cox proportional hazard model. Of the 5,085 participants, 652 participants developed diabetes during a mean follow-up of 4.4 years. Low adiponectin was associated with diabetes among men with stage 2 IFG (HR, 1.78; 95 %CI, 1.33-2.38) while it was associated with diabetes among women with stage 1 IFG (HR, 2.64; 95 %CI, 1.38-5.03) and stage 2 IFG (HR, 2.17; 95 %CI, 1.07-4.42). When combined men and women, the association between adiponectin and diabetes was statistically significant in stage 2 IFG with an increase of about 82 % (HR, 1.82; 95 %CI, 1.40-2.39) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, and fasting serum glucose. There was an interaction by sex and stage 1 IFG in the association between adiponectin and risk of diabetes (P < 0.001). Adiponectin was independently associated with diabetes among participants with IFG. This association was apparent in stage 2 IFG. Adiponectin may be used as a predictor of diabetes in patients having IFG.